Chen Shidao (1053-January 19, 1102) was born in Pengcheng, Xuzhou (today's Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). ^[1] Ministers and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty," The six gentlemen of Sumen "One of them, Jiangxi school of poetry An important writer.

The first year of Yuan you, Su Shi Recommend its literary line, from Xuzhou professor, Li Shi Doctor of Imperial college , Professor Yingzhou, Palace library It's normal. Kenzhong Yasukuni Chen Shidao died on December 29, 1102 (January 19, 1102) at the age of 49. ^[2]

Chen Shidao life in poverty, bitter singing behind closed doors, there is "behind the door to find sentences Chen no own" said. Chen Shidao can also compose poems, and his style of poems is similar to that of poems. However, his poems and Ci have the disease of narrow content and difficult meaning.

"Song History" evaluation, said that it is few and studious. In the Sutras especially deep "poems", "rites", for the profound elegant Ao. ^[1]

Overview picture: Chen Shidao, from the 1919 revision of the "Zhejiang Suian Chen Family Genealogy" ^[7] )

Full name: Chen Shidao
alias: Chen Wuji , Chen Houshan
word: Perform as usual, without self
No.: A layman in the back hills
age: The Northern Song Dynasty (960-907)

Ethnic group: The Han nationality
Place of Birth: Xuzhou Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province)
Date of birth: The year 1053
Date of death: January 19, 1102
Major work: Mr. Houshan Collection, Houshan Ci and so on

catalogue

biography

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EDITOR

Chen Shidao^[7]

Chen Shidao was born in an official family, to Chen Shidao's time, the family was in decline, his childhood life was difficult. ^[3] But when he was a teenager, he was studious and practiced his will. In the early years, he married Guo's daughter as his wife, forced to make a living, his wife and daughter were in the father-in-law's home to eat. At the age of sixteen, Zeng Gong had already visited him with an article. As soon as Zeng Gong saw his article, he was surprised and praised him for being famous for his article. At that time, no one knew him. Zeng Gong then kept Chen Shi Tao and let him study under him. ^[4] At that time, the court used Wang Anshi's learning of classics and righteousness to pick scholars, but Chen Shidao was not impressed and did not take the exam.

In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), Zeng Gong was ordered to revise the history of the dynasty and recommended Chen Shidao as a vassal, but failed because of his cloth. Taixue doctor is record recommended Chen Shi Dao for learning record, he refused not. The then ruling minister Zhang Dun once asked Qin Guan to pay his respects and asked Chen Shidao to visit him and prepare to recommend him, but he replied, "If a scholar does not pass on as a subject, he will not see the prince." Refuse an audience.

In the second year of Yuan You (1087), he was appointed Bachelor of the Imperial Academy the Su Shi with Fu Yao-yu , Sun Jue He was recommended to be a professor of state studies in Xuzhou.

Yuan you four years (1089), Su Shi served as the chief of Hangzhou, passing by Nanjing should Tianfu (now Henan Shangqiu), Chen Shidao to Nanjing to see him off, to leave his post, was removed from office. Soon reinstated, transferred Yingzhou Professor. At that time, Su Shi was appointed governor of Yingzhou, hoping to accept him as a disciple. Chen Shidao to "always a piece of incense, respect for the former Nanfeng", politely declined. But Su Shi did not take him seriously and still gave him guidance.

In the first year of Shao Sheng (1094), he was dismissed from his post and returned home. His family was poor, but he still specialized in writing and wanted to pass on poetry to future generations.

Metacharacter three years (1100 years), enabled as Dizhou Professor, on his way to office, changed the secretary province's correct character, did not take office, that is, in the first year of Yasukuni December 29 (January 19, 1102) died of illness. ^[2]

Major influence

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EDITOR

Chen Shidao's Collection of Poems from the Back Mountains

Chen Shidao's literary achievements mainly lie in the creation of poetry. He himself said: "At the beginning of poetry there was no poetic method." See you later Huang Tingjian Poetry, love not put down, burn their past poetry manuscripts together, learn from Huang, two people respect each other. Jiangxi school of poetry the Huang Tingjian , Chen Shidao, Chen Youyi Listed as "three", in fact, Chen Shitao only studied Huang Tingjian's poetic style for a period of time, and later found Huang Tingjian "too strange, not as strange as Du's encounter with things" (" Hou Shan Shihua "), and therefore committed to learning Du Fu . quadrature 's Yingquiru "There is" One ancestor, three That is to say, with Du Fu as the ancestor, the three are Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao and Chen Yiyi.

In general, Chen's poetry was influenced by Huang Tingjian, and he had to write poems without a word or a source, but his knowledge was not as good as Huang Tingjian's, and he needed to "tear down the east and make up the west." Su Gong (West Lake Migrant Fish) "), can not help but look drained. On the other hand, the study of Du is only focused on the formal formula, so although the form can be similar, it often lacks Du Fu's deep and vigorous. His more successful study of Du is five or seven verse verse, such as "the year is late, the body is not empty before the lamp." Half a lifetime of worries, a dream has nothing. Hair short sorrow to promote white, Yan wine by red. I sing and dance, but I am a little alike." (" Give a little badge to the wine at night "); "Broken walls with rain into words, the old house without a monk yan writer." Left to go out to chase words smile, but hate back temples by dust. The wind turns the web on three sides, the thunder moves the beehive while the two government. I have repeatedly lost my southern neighbor's spring appointment, and I have not yet blossomed." (" Spring shows the neighborhood "). The former can see the effort he made in following Du Shi's syntax, while the latter is similar to Du Shi's Chun Xing physique. His depiction of the Five ancient dynasties requires resignation and independent creation, but the stiffness is still not out of the habit of Jiangxi school. He also wrote poems with simple emotions, such as "Speechless with joy, I smiled with tears." (" Shisanko "); "Don't worry too much about fame." (" Send uncle Guo doctor Kui Xichuan punishment "). The latter exhorts the uncle, quadrature Rated as "learn old Du this its lifelike, withered thin strength, deep quiet." (Yingkuilu Pulp). His poems are also written in a quiet and tasteful, such as "when the book is easy to read, guests have a pleasant period not to come." (" Swan Sentence "); There are also written in the beautiful, such as: "The spring breeze is always closed and slender, long make. brothel It was named by mistake. Do not hesitate to roll up the curtain and take a look, afraid that your eyes are not clear." (" cantata "), unfortunately very rare. According to legend, he did poetry very hard, usually travel, poetry, on the urgent return to bed, poetry is up. Sometimes he groans day after day and hates to hear people's voices, so Huang Tingjian calls it "seeking sentences behind closed doors" (" Chen Wuji "). Illness arose in Jingjiang Pavilion "). This kind of serious creative attitude is worthy of affirmation, but his poems are not deep enough in thought and are obdurate in time.

Chen Shidao in the ci quite self-approval, claiming that "more than it can not and people, only in the Ci self-predication does not reduce the Qin seven yellow nine." (" Book after old words "). But his surviving works, few of which are wonderful, do not measure up to his own valuation. His prose was more successful, Ji Yun Rated as "Jane tight chestnut, real not Li Ao Sun Qiao Xia." (" The four libraries of the whole book ").

Chen Shi Dao You Hou Shan Shihua ", put forward "poetry rather clumsy not clever, rather not Hua, rather rough not weak, rather unworldly", and Huang Tingjian's propositions are still in the same vein. He also said, "The good writer is strange because of things, and the rivers go down." Until it touches the mountains and goes to the valleys, and the wind kneads, and then the whole world changes." The theory of excellent It is a pity that his creative practice is not in line with his own theory. Due to the book of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan There are dissatisfied words, "Siku book General head" thought that "special class teacher Tao language", it seems to be lost rigor. However, there are things in the book after Chen Shidao's death, which should be added by later generations.

Historical evaluation

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EDITOR

Huang Tingjian mentioned poetry and praised Chen Shidao: his composition is well aware of the key of the ancients, and his poems are deep in the syntax of Lao Du, which can not be considered by today's poets. For Chen Shidao's reading, Huang Tingjian praised: (Chen Shidao) reading such as Yu's water control, know the world's veins, there are open and plug, and as for Jiuchuan cleaning original, the four seas will also. Its poetic origin, the old Du syntax, today's poet, can not be also! As for composition, I know the key of the ancients; On the matter, to save the first to save the tail, like the snake in the mountain, time has never seen its comparison. (Wang Yun," Title back mountain set ")

"Song History" : ① Few but studious bitter ambition. ② The high level of the division, the peace of poverty. In the Sutras especially deep "poems", "rites", for the profound elegant Ao. Happy poetry, since the cloud learning Huang Tingjian, to its height, or called over it. ^[6]

Fang Hui: "Lao Du's poems are the crown of Tang poetry, and Huang and Chen's poems are the crown of Song poetry."

Ming Dynasty Yang Yiqing Cloud: Although Huang (Ting Jian) Chen (Shi Dao) is a Jiangxi poetry school, and its character is close to Lao Du, Song poetry covers so far.

Anecdotal allusion

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EDITOR

A teacher's way describes poverty

Chen Shidao's daily life was so poor that he could not afford to support his family and had to send his wife with their three children to his father-in-law. " sendai "" Uncle Dr. Guo "" Dong 'e "Send Uncle Guo uncle about Xichuan punishment" " Betsuko "" Shisanko Some poems, such as The Book, describe the pain of being "destitute and separated" from one's relatives. ^[5]

A man's clothes are not his own

Zhao Tingzhi is Wang Anshi Supporters of reform, and conservatives Su Shi , Huang Tingjian And so the grudge runs deep. As early as Monitor the imperial history At that time, Zhao Tingzhi had impeached Su Shi several times - or falsely accused him of "defaming the former emperor" by drafting the imperial edcript "stopping the people with Su", or far-fetched, saying that his "debate and examination museum staff asked questions". However, Su Shi and his followers were not to be outdone, and they were extremely sarcastic and sarcastic to Zhao Tingzhi. Sue scribes to Zhao Tingzhi's contempt, can be seen from the fact: Chen Shidong late at night to the outskirts of the royal ancestral hall, because there is no leather clothes to keep out the cold, his wife back to the mother sister borrowed a piece - Chen wife is the daughter of Guo Xing, and Guo Xing is the famous Northern Song Dynasty political "eye for rich husband", the family of poor Chen Shidong and the son of officials Zhao Ting are in their home belly east bed. When he learned that his wife borrowed Zhao Tingzhi's leather clothes for his brother-in-law, Chen Shi Dao felt insulted and was furious with his wife: "You don't know that I don't wear the canal home!" Yuan Fu three winter, Chen Shidao in the suburbs to participate in the sacrifice, no cotton clothes to keep out the cold and died of illness. According to reports, after Chen Shidao died, the family had no money for burial, and the court gave two hundred pieces of silk to let the traveler buy it before it had to be buried.

Historical record

Chen Wuyi tasted Xining, Yuanfeng The events are chronological. The book has become, hidden Pang Zhuangmin home. No mother Ponzi also. Shao Sheng, Pang Zi fear for their own tired, steal its book burned. There is no other place in the world, there is no life to hate. Buzuo

Chen Wuji said: "Always A piece of incense To Zeng Nanfeng." Then Chen Wualready heir Gong monk why suspect. " Zhupo poetry "

The word Chen Wu has every sentence, that is urgent return to bed, to be Mengshou, evil hear people's voice, called "Yin bed". Family members know that dogs and cats are driven away, and babies are sent to neighbors. Xu to poetry into, but dare to return to regular. " General literature examination "

A surname valley "Who is the champion of today's poets?" Said: "There is nothing out of the past." "Can you hear its good words?" Said: "When I saw him as Wen Gong Wan, I knew that he was invincible." Said: "Although the government with the day, the body has been supported by people." '" Cold fast night talk "

twin-well Huang Shuda Word knows destiny. From the beginning of Jiangnan, and Peng Cheng Chen Lao Chang all ye Fa Yun Zen master in the south of the city, night returned to the dragon sleep Li Boshi. Knowing life clothes white shirt riding donkey, edge of the way shaking head and song; Tie often carry the stick with the pouch in the back. The whole city was shocked, thought inhuman. Boshi painted pictures, and Xing Dunfu wrote long songs. Straight Fang Poems

Chao Wufu Banished jade Mountain, pass Xuzhou When Chen Wualready abandoned Curie. No blame set wine, out of small Ji Ping ping Liangzhou. No has been reduced word magnolia cloud: "Ping Ping curl up, peony tops red sample small." Dance sleeve low, heart to lang side guest known. Golden jade wine, advised me to spend ten thousand years of life. Mo Mo rest, white hair hair hair flowers I ashamed." No blame sighed: "People suspect Song Kaifu plum blossom fu Qing Yan is not a kind of people." Without this word, it is too far to give plum blossom." " The story of the Ink Village "

In the first year of Jianzhong Yasukuni, Chen Wuji entered the museum with positive characters, and barely got sick. Building world can be sealed for the order, the night dream has no goodbye, luggage in a hurry. Lou asked, "What is it?" Said: "temporarily to the apricot garden, Dongpo, Shaoyou all have been there for a long time." Building up to see, get ginseng Chang Zi reported cloud: "No is gone." " Spring Nagisa Ji Wen "

No already son abundant, poetry is also gratifying, Chao to Tao set have thank Chen twelve Lang poetry volume is also. Jian Yan, to no dead, special officer. Li Ye will defend Kuaiji and take over the bureau from Ye. When Ye fell, Feng was also tied down and left, not knowing whether to survive or die. There is no one left in the river. " Old school nunnery notes "

Major work

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EDITOR

Chen Shidao's" Goyama set It was originally edited by Wei Yan, its gatekeeper. There are 6 volumes of poems and 14 volumes of essays. " Notes on poetry "" Group of discussions Don't write to yourself. Ren Yuan of Song Dynasty Later mountain poem note Analysis of the original 6 volumes of poetry into 12 volumes. In the Qing Dynasty, MAO Guangsheng made 12 volumes of "Buzhi" and added them The Yi Shi Pad " Two volumes up and down. Akariake Ma Tun Zhao Honglie published 24 volumes of "Back Mountain Collection", 8 volumes of poetry, 9 volumes of literature, 4 volumes of "Tan Cong", "The Back Mountain Collection". Notes on poetry "The Study" " Phrases and phrases "1 volume each, including" Four points of preparation "Typescript.

Major poems

" Teka "	" Return geese two heads "	" Send a reply to Uncle Li Fang "	" Uncle Dr. Guo "	" And Kou 11 night on the white door "
" Onset of illness "	" Different yellow xuzhou "	" Chen left the city hidden "	Sending Duke Su to Hangzhou	" After the snow, the yellow tower bears the mountain lay "
" Pan-huai River "	" Summer rhyme "	" My concubine lost two lives "	" Give a little badge to the wine at night "	"Li Jiewei Nine days to climb Nanshan"
" sendai "	" Two in the boat "	" Play two songs "	" Prime Minister Wen Gong delivered three elegies "	" Send Mr. Wu to visit Deputy Su of Huizhou "
" Ascend the Quepie Mountain "	" Teng Kuai Zai Pavilion "	" Spring shows the neighborhood "	" Mr. Nan Feng two elegies "	" Second rhyme Qin Shaoyou spring river autumn field picture two first "
" Shisanko "	" After the lake sit late "	" Nine days to Qin Gou "	Gift to Huang Zi Xiao De