自然遗产_百度百科

World Heritage is divided into natural heritage, cultural heritage, A mixture of natural and cultural heritage and Cultural landscape . World Heritage has a clear definition and criteria for nomination by Member States and approval by the Heritage Committee.

"Natural Heritage" Earth evolution Prominent examples of important periods in history; Represents ongoing importance Geological process , Biological evolution Process and human relationship Natural environment Prominent examples of interrelationships; A unique, rare, or wonderful natural phenomenon, feature, or area of rare natural beauty.

According to the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage "( World Heritage Convention ), natural heritage includes the following:

Geology and geology of outstanding universal value from a scientific or conservation point of view Physical geographic structure And clearly delimited as Endangered animals and plants The survival zone.

From an aesthetic or scientific point of view, have outstanding, universal value by geology and Biological structure Or groups of such structures Natural appearance .

Natural places of interest or clearly delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.

▲ Standard:

(1) Constitute outstanding examples representing important stages in the history of Earth's modernization.

(2) Constitute outstanding examples representing important ongoing geological processes, biological evolution, and the interrelationship between humans and the natural environment.

(3) Unique, rare or excellent natural phenomena, landforms or areas of rare natural beauty.

Huanglong National scenic Spot in Sichuan Province

(4) The remaining rare or Endangered animals and plants The habitat of species.

Be included in World Heritage List "Natural Heritage" must meet one or more of the following conditions

Natural heritage (5 photos)

Outstanding examples representing important stages in Earth's evolutionary history;

Outstanding examples representing important ongoing geological processes, biological evolution, and the interrelationship between humans and the natural environment;

Unique, rare or wonderful natural phenomena, landforms or areas of rare natural beauty;

▲ What still exists rare or Endangered animals and plants The habitat.

World natural Heritage

Hunan (Province) Wulingyuan Scenic spot , Sichuan Huanglong Scenic Area , Sichuan Jiuzhaigou Scenic spot , Giant panda habitat in Sichuan , South China Karst Kunming, Yunnan Stone forest , Chongqing Wulong County , Guizhou (Province) Southeast of Guizhou Province state Libo ), Sanqingshan scenic spot , Chinese Danxia (Guizhou Province) Zunyi Chishui , Fujian (Province) Three kinds of brightness Taining , Hunan Shaoyang Langshan Mountain , Shaoguan Danxia Mountain , Jiangxi (Province) Yingtan Longhu Mountain , Jiangxi (Province) Shangrao County Gubong , Zhejiang (Province) Quzhou Jianglang Mountain ), Chengjiang Maotianshan Mountain fossilically

World natural landscape

"Three rivers flowing together" natural landscape

World natural and cultural heritage

Jiangxi Longhu Mountain · elderly Danxia representative

Mount Taishan Scenic spot Huangshan Scenic Spot, Mount Emei - The Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic spots, Wuyi Mountain Scenic spot

World Natural Heritage scenery

It has three main tasks:

1. To include cultural relics, monuments and natural heritage recognized throughout the world as having outstanding significance and universal value in the" World Heritage List ".

2. Management World Heritage Fund To examine requests from States for technical and financial assistance.

(3) To monitor the state of conservation and management of the items inscribed on the World Heritage List in order to promote the improvement and enhancement of the level of conservation and management. UNESCO has also established the World Heritage Centre, which acts as the secretariat of the World Heritage Committee and is responsible for dealing with the day-to-day aspects of the implementation of the Convention.

Buildings, carvings and paintings of outstanding and universal value from a historical, artistic or scientific point of view, components or structures of archaeological significance, inscriptions, Cavern A complex of residential areas and various cultural relics.

An individual or interrelated group of buildings of outstanding, universal value, from a historical, artistic, or scientific point of view, because of their architectural form, identity, and place in the landscape.

From history, aesthetics, ethnography From an anthropological point of view, man-made works or joint masterpieces of man and nature with outstanding universal value, as well as archaeological sites.

(1) represents a unique artistic achievement, a creative masterpiece of genius.

(2) have had a significant influence on the development of architectural art, memorial art, planning or landscape design over a certain period of time or in a certain cultural region of the world.

(3) to provide a unique or at least special testimony to a defunct civilization or cultural tradition.

(4) can be used as an outstanding example of a building or group of buildings or landscape, demonstrating an important stage (or stages) in human history.

(5) may be an outstanding example of a traditional place of human habitation or use, representing a culture (or cultures) that has become vulnerable to damage, especially under the influence of irreversible change.

(6) There is a direct and substantial connection with an event of special general significance or with existing traditions or ideas or beliefs or with literary and artistic works (the Committee considers that this paragraph justifies inclusion in the List only in certain exceptional circumstances or if the criterion is used in conjunction with other criteria).

Cultural landscape

Includes gardens and park landscapes built for aesthetic reasons, which are often (but not always) associated with religious or other conceptual buildings or groups of buildings.

The landscape of organic evolution

It arises from an initial social, economic, administrative and religious need and develops through connection with or adaptation to the surrounding natural environment. It also includes two sub-categories: one is the remains ( fossil A landscape represents an evolutionary process that has come to an end at some point in the past, whether abruptly or gradually. The reason why they have outstanding and universal value is that the salient characteristics are still reflected in the physical object. The second is the continuous landscape, which maintains an active social role in a local society associated with a traditional way of life, is still evolving itself, and at the same time exhibits the physical evidence of its evolution throughout history.

The novelty of the World Heritage Convention is that it links conservation of nature and culture, hitherto considered almost separate. Everything in the world is nothing more than natural and artificial. For a long time, nature and culture have been regarded as two opposing factors. However, natural existence and artificial creation have different properties, but there is an inseparable connection between them and they complement each other. The most beautiful works of human creation are often due to their harmonious unity with the natural environment, and some of the most spectacular natural landscapes often bear the deep imprint of human activity.

World Natural Heritage scenery

Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage pact The Convention sets out clearly the criteria for cultural and natural heritage and also defines the guidelines for the implementation of the Convention. This Convention is UNESCO An international norm and document of broad and far-reaching influence developed and implemented on a global scale. One of the main tasks of the Convention is to identify the world's cultural and natural heritage so that the international community can act on it Common heritage of mankind To protect. The purpose of the Convention is to promote cooperation and mutual support among States and peoples and to contribute positively to the protection of the common heritage of mankind.

To implement the provisions of the Convention, UNESCO was established in 1976 World Heritage Committee It is an intergovernmental organization for international cooperation. The committee consists of conventions Contracting state The Assembly is composed of 21 elected States and meets once a year.

The World Heritage Fund was established specifically for the implementation of the Convention to provide the necessary assistance for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage inscribed on the List.

Funding for the World Heritage Fund comes from two main sources:

States Parties to the Convention shall, in accordance with the provisions, pay 1 per cent of their contributions to UNESCO.

Voluntary contributions from States Parties, grants from other institutions or individuals, and funds derived from specialized national or international marketing activities.

The Fund is mainly used for various forms of assistance and technical cooperation, including research to identify or eliminate the causes of damage to heritage and for conservation measures, expert advisory services, training of professionals in conservation or restoration techniques, provision of equipment, etc. Although the size and quantity of the fund is still small compared with the need, it has played a certain role in supporting and supporting some important projects for the preservation of heritage.

UNESCO, the World Heritage Committee, in order to improve protection, evaluation, monitoring, Technical assistance Such as the level of work, but also specially invited three international authoritative professional institutions, as its professional advisory bodies. These institutions send experts to assist in the inspection, evaluation, monitoring, technical training, financial and technical assistance of the heritage. The three agencies are: International Council on Monuments and Sites ( ICOMOS ), mainly responsible for cultural heritage work. The organization was founded in 1965 and is headquartered in France Paris It is the only international practice Protection of cultural heritage International non-governmental organization for the application and dissemination of theories, methods and scientific techniques.

World Conservation Union ( IUCN Formerly known as International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ), mainly responsible for natural heritage work. The organization was founded in 1948 and is headquartered in Switzerland Geneva Its main mission is to promote and encourage the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources by mankind.

International Centre for Conservation and Restoration Research ( ICCROM ), mainly responsible for technical training, research, advocacy and expert services in the field of cultural heritage. Founded in 1959 and headquartered in Rome, Italy, the Organization is an international specialized institution engaged in training, expert services, documentation and research in the field of cultural heritage.

(As of December 1999), 149 countries worldwide are parties to the Convention and 631 properties have been listed under the Convention. World Heritage List Of these, 481 are cultural heritage sites, 128 are natural heritage sites, and 22 are cultural and natural heritage sites. These World Heritage sites recognized by UNESCO are rare and irreplaceable properties of mankind, and their value has authenticity and uniqueness. Their inclusion is a sign that they belong to all mankind and will be subject to the common protection and collective assistance of all UNESCO members. It cannot be used as a military target even in war.

There are roughly three procedures for the declaration and assessment of World Heritage sites:

First of all

The applicant State must be a State Party to the World Heritage Convention. The applicant state should World Heritage Committee Submit a preliminary list. For projects to be discussed at the plenary session of the World Heritage Committee in that year, a detailed nomination document must be submitted in the first half of the previous year, including text of the submission in English, drawings, pictures, slides, videotapes, etc. Chinese cultural heritage generally consists of State Administration of Cultural Heritage The natural heritage is promoted by the Ministry of Construction, Famous historical and cultural city It was jointly launched by the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. After being submitted to The State Council for approval, the Chinese Commission for UNESCO shall submit the application to UNESCO Headquarters.

secondly

In May of that year, the World Heritage Committee sent experts recognized by the Convention to conduct field visits to the sites of the applicant countries' heritage sites. The World Heritage Committee will cooperate with the World Heritage Committee International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) organized experts to conduct the study. An evaluation report shall be submitted to the Committee after the visit.

third

Nominated by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre World Heritage site The declaration documents and the report of the expert group are dealt with conscientiously and responsibly. It is then considered by the full Committee of the World Heritage Committee in November or December of that year. To consider the adoption of a consultative approach and decide whether it could be included in the World Heritage List ". It generally takes two years from declaration to approval, not including the time for domestic preparation and improvement.

On November 22, 1985, China formally acceded to the" Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage ". Once a State has signed the Convention, it is required to guarantee the protection of monuments and sites on its territory which are recognized to be of outstanding universal value. In a sense, these countries have provided the world with the greatest wealth that they possess and that should be left intact for future generations, and international assistance is available to preserve that heritage.

Since 1986, China has started the declaration, protection and management of World Heritage sites. By the end of 1999, 30 World Heritage projects had been declared to the World Heritage Committee, of which the list of World Heritage projects had been approved. World Heritage List "23 places. Of the 23 approved sites, 16 are cultural heritage sites, 3 are natural heritage sites and 4 are dual cultural and natural heritage sites (see table). 23 branches World cultural heritage Only 4% of the more than 500 heritage sites in the world are listed, and China has a splendid culture of 5,000 years Ancient civilization It would be out of proportion.

The number of Chinese names on the World Cultural Heritage List is increasing, and as of this year's 40th World Heritage Assembly, China has a total of 50 world cultural, landscape and natural heritage sites, ranking second in the world after Italy, which has 51 World Heritage sites. Beijing is the city with the most World heritage sites in China, with seven world heritage sites: the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Temple of Heaven and the Ming Tombs. ^[1]

Jiuzhaigou Valley

Located in northern Sichuan Province, the zigzagging Jiuzhaigou Valley stretches over 72,000 hectares and is more than 4,800 meters above sea level, forming a series of diverse forest ecosystems. Its magnificent scenery is marked by a series of narrow conical shapes Koster The karst landscape and spectacular waterfalls add to the fun. More than 140 species of birds live in the gully, as well as many endangered animal and plant species, including the giant panda and the Sichuan oryx.

◎ General situation

The Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area is located in west China's Sichuan Province Aba county Tibetan and Qiang nationality Autonomous prefecture Nanping County. Because nine Tibetan villages are located in this group of alpine lakes, it is called "Jiuzhaigou Valley". The area of the region is about 720 square kilometers, most of which is covered by forests.

Jiuzhaigou Valley is located in Minshan Mountain The southern part of the mountain range, the north foot of the Karna peak, is Yangtze river system The source of Jialing River A branch ditch, too Tibetan plateau to Sichuan basin The transitional zone has a complex geological structure. There is a wide difference in altitude, a diverse climate, and beautiful mountains and rivers.

The main valley of Jiuzhaigou is in the shape of "Y", with a total length of more than 50 kilometers. There are many lakes, waterfalls and waterfalls in the valley Travertine beach flow Let's wait. Water is the main character of Jiuzhaigou landscape. The green and glittering brook is like a necklace In the forest Between and the shoal. The colorful lakes and magnificent waterfalls are dizzying.

Primeval forests cover more than half of the area of Jiuzhaigou. There are a wide variety of plants in the forest, with nearly 30,000 hectares of natural forests and more than 2,000 species of plants. A variety of wild animals live here, including 170 species of vertebrates, 141 species of birds, and 17 species under state protection. The woodland was thickly covered lichen Scattered with feathers of birds and animals, full of primitive forest features, making people seem to be in a wonderful world.

◎ Natural Heritage

fancy Water landscape

Jiuzhaigou Valley is characterized by plateau travertine lake Group, travertine waterfall group and Travertine beach flow Such as water features as the main body of the strange style, its huge scale of water features, the number of scenery, the beauty of the form, the essence of the table bureau and the good environment and other indicators comprehensive appraisal, ranking Scenic area of China The crown of water features.

Beautiful integrated environment

Jiuzhaigou takes the clear plateau scenery as the keynote, integrating green lakes, cascading waterfalls, autumn forests and snow peaks into one. Known as "fairyland on earth", Jiuzhaigou has always been regarded as "sacred mountain and holy water" by local Tibetans. The mountain, water, forest and stone in the ditch are the objects of worship and protection for the Tibetan people. After the opening of the scenic area to the outside world, the Easterners called Jiuzhaigou "fairyland on earth", and the Westerners praised it as "fairyland on earth". Fairy tale world ".

Diverse geomorphic landscape

Jiuzhaigou is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Sichuan basin The transition zone has complex geological background, wide distribution of carbonates, fold fracture development, Neotectonic movement Strong, the crust uplift is large, a variety of forces cross compound, creating a variety of landforms, the development of large-scale karst functionary travertine The deposits, dominated by plant karst travertine deposits, form the gorgeous and elegant group lakes of Jiuzhaigou, the rushing streams, and the waterfalls of flying pearls and sputtering jade, which are ancient and deep Lin Mang The rolling snow peaks, the harmonious combination of these landforms and landscapes, constitute a unique scenic spot.

The well-preserved remains of the glacier

Jiuzhaigou Valley horn Lofty, knife-edge Cui Wei, cirque The U-shaped valley is typical, Hanging valley Trough valley unique charm. The trough extends to an altitude of 2,800 meters. The ancient glaciers in the valley side and end debts developed, becoming China Quaternary glacier One of the well-preserved places.

Gene bank of biological germplasm resources

Jiuzhaigou is a confluence area of various natural elements, with deep mountain cuts and wide height differences. Vertical zone spectra of plants Obviously, plant resources are abundant, there are Higher plant 2,576 species, of which National protected plant 24 species; Lower plant More than 400 species, including 212 species of algae, more than 40 species of algae found in Jiuzhaigou Valley for the first time. There are many types of vegetation that hide differences Climatic zone the Zonal vegetation Type. The floristic composition is very rich, including almost all the major world subregions. Many ancient and relict plants were well preserved, with monotypic and oligotypic genera accounting for 3.3% and 13.73% of the total plants, respectively. Morphologically primitive Collar wood , Tonkin tree , honeysuckle , One-leaf grass It is of scientific value to study the evolution of plant system and flora.

There are 17 species of rare wild animals in Jiuzhaigou. One of the protected animals is the giant panda, nilgai , Snub-nosed monkey Etc.; The second category of protected animals are Tufted deer , White-lipped deer , Red panda , macaque , Linker, Tragopan , green tail red pheasant, Whooper swan Etc.; Three types of protected animals are the bristle antelope, gazelle , crop of sheep, pheasant , Blood pheasant Let's wait.

◎ Aesthetic value

Jiuzhaigou Valley is a masterpiece of nature. mountain verdant Charming, water clarification continued; Mountains by water, water around the mountains, trees by the water, water in the forest flow, mountains and rivers, forest and water close, beautiful scenery, fresh environment, set the beauty of color, shape, sound beauty in one of the comprehensive beauty, primitive beauty harmony and unity, is the highest realm of human landscape aesthetics.

Synthetic beauty is image

The four peaks of Jiuzhaigou are steep and the snow peaks are high. In the "Y" shaped gully surrounded by green mountains, 114 cascaded lakes are distributed, connected by many turbulent, beach and waterfall groups, beads and jade strings, the meandering more than 50 kilometers, the lake is clear and gorgeous, the waterfalls are colorful, the rushing waters are surging, the trees are green, the snow peaks are white and crystal clear, the blue sky, the bright sunshine, The fresh air and ancient villages dotted between them, trestle The mill constitutes a beautiful environment with rich connotation, harmony and unity, and reflects a high degree of comprehensive beauty.

Mountains and rivers are interdependent, lakes and waterfalls are twins, water and trees are blended, and there is movement and harmony: the Jiuzhaigou mountains and rivers are beautiful, lakes and waterfalls are integrated, mountains, forests, clouds and sky reflect the water and add water scenery. The water makes the mountains more green, and the mountains make the water more beautiful. Ladder lake water falls from the trees layer by layer, forming a waterfall in the forest, there are waterfalls under the lake, waterfalls into the lake, lake waterfalls twin, layer by layer, mutually dependent. Serene turquoise lakes and white cascading waterfalls create movement in stillness, stillness in motion, Dynamic and static combination Blue and white wonders. The special ecological environment in which trees grow near the water, water flows in the forest, and water and trees blend together constitutes paintings and paintings of high aesthetic value, adding infinite vitality to Jiuzhaigou.

The landscape is arranged in an orderly manner: the entrance of Jiuzhaigou is 2000 meters above sea level, to the top of the main ditch Long Lake The elevation of Hexao Lake gradually rises to about 3000 meters, and the landscape is constantly changing, from low to high, from simple to complex, from prologue to climax, and every step is fascinating. The landscape sequence of Jiuzhaigou Valley is like a magnificent symphony, leaving an unforgettable feeling of beauty.

Color beauty is the soul

The beauty of Jiuzhaigou's colors is continuous, strange and ever-changing. The lake in Jiuzhaigou is close to the forest, the water is crystal clear, the sky, the cloud shadow, the snow peak, Chailin Reflected in the lake, the mirror is clear, the reflection and the lake are fused, making the lake more beautiful, with the changes of day and night and spring, summer, autumn and winter, rain and snow changes, the lake also becomes dark green, dark blue, turquoise blue and other colors. Even more peculiar, it's from the bottom of the lake travertine The sediments and various colorful algae, as well as the differences in the distribution of submerged plants, are divided into many in a lake Color block Sapphire blue, emerald green, orange, light red, like countless gems inlaid into the giant adornment, pearl, graceful. When the golden autumn comes, the colorful forest of the lake reflects the lake, mixing with the bottom of the lake into a colorful world. Its color is rich, beyond the imagination of the painter. At dusk, the red sunset, reflected in the water, the lake like a group of flames, Venus flew into, color sparkling, beautiful.

Immanent forest sea, with the seasons change, showing a magnificent color. Early spring mountain jungle, red, yellow, purple, white colors cuckoo Interspersed among them, then, mountain peach, wild pear flowers have been blooming, mixed with fresh green trees, the whole forest is full of flowers. Summer is the sea of green, new green, verdant green, dark green, green so verdant, showing strong vitality. In late autumn, deep orange cotinus, pale yellow Tilia leaves, purplish red maple leaves, dark red wild fruits, alternating between dark and light, scattered, all mountains red, all layers dyed, like a unique giant oil painting. The lake is bluer against the warm tones. The blue sky, white clouds, snow peaks and colorful forests are reflected in the lake, presenting a grotesque water scene. In winter, the snow is white, icefall Ice mantle crystal white; Like a wild forest sea The jade trees and the flowers . The snow-covered Jiuzhaigou Valley looks white and elegant, like a sapphire placed on a white porcelain plate, more bright.

Beauty of form is the main body

The landscape of Jiuzhaigou has many different kinds of scenery, including lakes, waterfalls, beaches and springs. The lake has an isolated place, a group, or vast, or beautiful, with a reflection to win, with color to dominate; The waterfall is more than 300 meters wide, nearly 80 meters high, magnificent, like the Milky Way, gentle and elegant, like the celestial girl scattered flowers; Beach, some such as bonsai list, some such as pearl splash; All the rapids, the flying springs, the layers of smoke, the sound of waves, can not stop hearing. Jiuzhaigou collects water shape, water color, water posture and water sound in one body, absorbing the beauty of water scenery in the world.

The water feature of Jiuzhaigou Valley is extremely beautiful, with proper proportion, clever composition, symmetrical lines and bright rhythm. No matter from which point of view and Angle, you can see extremely beautiful pictures. Combined with the surrounding mountains, trees, Tibetan scenery and other factors, Jiuzhaigou has become the most ideal source of creation for painters, writers and photographers, and has become the subject of Chinese film and television creation.

The Jiuzhaigou Valley Strange mountains and strange waters Three-dimensional cross, four-dimensional penetration, melt the beauty of color, shape and sound in one, forming a multi-level, multi-directional natural picture. Its overall beauty can be described as "natural beauty, beautiful nature". Wandering Jiuzhaigou Valley, people in the visual, auditory, sensory harmony of the illusion, intoxicated in the highest beauty enjoyment.

Jiuzhaigou Valley Sea of Five Flowers "

Jiuzhaigou "Sea of Five Flowers"

7000 meters from the mouth of the gully to the Heye Dam is the prelude to Jiuzhaigou Valley, with lush trees and streams singing happily. Reed Clumping, birds whispering flowers.

From Heye Dam to Shuzheng scenic spot, the space opens up and plays the first movement in the landscape sequence. Golden spark lake, colorful Bonsai beach Magical and mysterious Wolong Lake The size of 19 green trees around, the group of waterfalls of the tree group lake and tree group waterfalls, as well as the original water mill and Small wooden bridge Dotted among the trees is the beach flow and 25 meters high, 82 meters wide, like Piece scouring vacant Shuzheng waterfall Presented in front of the eyes, make people dizzying, marvel at the magic of nature.

From the Shuzheng scenic spot on the behavior of clear and transparent, wide water Rhinoceros Lake It gives a beautiful and peaceful feeling. Past Rhino Lake, wide Noirang Falls Like a white curtain hanging in a green forest, the essence of the music unfolds. The scenic spots above Nuorilang have their own characteristics and are the climax of Jiuzhaigou landscape. This area is concentrated in the Changhu Lake, Jinghu Lake, Wuhua Lake, Colorful pools , Panda Lake, Swan Lake Grass Lake and other major lakes and three of the largest waterfalls, the widest travertine Flowing beach, lush natural forest. Long Lake 3060 meters above sea level, an area of 1.5 square kilometers, surrounded by mountains, snowy peaks, dense forests, spectacular. Mirror Lake level as a mirror, blue sky, snow peaks, distant mountains, near trees as much as the lake, fantastic scenery. The water of Wuhua Lake is the most gorgeous, with five colors, like a kaleidoscope of bright colors and unpredictable changes. The water of the five-color pool is emerald blue, like a magnificent gem inlaid in a dark green forest. Swan Lake and grass lake's clear water, clear stream, grass beach, flowers in the backdrop of the rock wall and forest, more primitive, natural, deep and quiet, such as entering the "fairyland". It's 320 meters wide Noirang Falls It is the widest waterfall in China, located in the middle of Jiuzhaigou, and is the symbol of Jiuzhaigou. 310 meters wide and 28 meters high Pearl beach Waterfall and pearl beach connected, 瀑面 in the shape of a crescent, wide water curtain like the opening of a huge ring screen, waterfall thunder, pearls sputtering jade, magnificent. 78 meters high and 50 meters wide, the Panda Lake waterfall is the largest waterfall in Jiuzhaigou, frozen in winter, the brilliant ice crystal world, a wonder, the huge traverna flow beach - Pearl Beach, the beach surface of the rushing water aroused countless waves, in the sun, like countless rolling pearls. While... Long Lake and Hinseogou In the natural forest, ancient trees towering, moss everywhere, the sense of mystery arises. These scenic spots are the most prominent scenic spots in Jiuzhaigou, and each scenic spot gives people a strong sense of beauty and makes people excited. The scenic spots of Jiuzhaigou are arranged in an orderly manner, with different levels, cadence, natural transition, poetic and picturesque, which adds to the comprehensive aesthetic feeling. Jiuzhaigou tens of square kilometers of sightseeing area, so many scenic spots, the beauty of the landscape, the rich sightseeing content, it is rare.

Yellow dragon

Located in the northwest of Sichuan Province, it is a valley composed of numerous snow peaks and glaciers in the easternmost part of China. Here one can find alpine landscapes and a variety of different forest ecosystems, as well as spectacular limestone formations, waterfalls and hot springs. The area is also home to many endangered animals, including the giant panda and the Sichuan verruca Snub-nosed monkey .

◎ General situation

Yellow dragon Scenic spots are located Western China Sichuan Province Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture Songpan county Within the territory, adjacent to Jiuzhaigou. Huanglong Scenic Area Located at the junction of three major geological structural units, the geographical situation is particularly complex. The whole scenic area covers a total area of 1340 square kilometers, and there are 7 snow-capped peaks above 5000 meters above sea level.

Minshan Mountain Principal peak Snow Jewel 5588 meters above sea level, the snow flowing down from the summit into a stream, along the stalactite hillside poured down, ups and downs, forming a large number of waterfalls hanging, these waterfalls fell to the mountainside, then scattered accumulation, thus in Huanglong Ditch Within the formation of more than 3,000 beautiful color pool, the largest one is more than 1,000 square meters, the small one is only a few square meters, thousands of attitude. The water in the pool is clean, different shades, and some places are brightly colored, as if colored brocade. This strange and spectacular ladder shaped color pool group, just like the imagination of the earth Yaochi fairyland.

The famous Huanglong Ditch leans on the back Minshan Mountain Principal peak Snow Jewel , coming down The Fujiang River (in Henan Province) The Fuyuan Bridge, the source of the river, is a gentle slope gully 7.5 kilometers long and 1.5 kilometers wide. The gully is covered with milky yellow rocks, and the distance looks like the yellow dragon in the dense forest valley, from which the name Huanglong Gully comes. It was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) Yellow Dragon Temple To worship the yellow dragon. Huanglong Valley is famous at home and abroad for its "strange, extraordinary, beautiful and secluded" natural landscape.

Huanglong Scenic Area There are also precious animal and plant resources. There are more than 1,500 species here Higher plant Most of them are unique to China, of which there are 11 species of plants belonging to the State's first to third level protection. Rare animals include giant pandas, Snub-nosed monkey , nilgai , Clouded leopard Equivalence country Special protected animals .

◎ Natural Heritage

Giant surface travertine landscape

The yellow dragon is large in scale, diverse in types, ingenious in structure and color florid The surface travertine landscape is the main scene (Table 1), in Scenic area of China Unique in China, become a unique Chinese. Outstanding integrated landscape Huanglong is based on gorgeous plateau scenery and unique ethnic customs as the keynote of the integrated landscape. Mountains and skyscrapers, canyons, dark forests, and clear water are studded with delicate travertine landscapes such as pools, lakes, beaches, waterfalls, springs, caves, and local customs of mysterious villages, temples, farming, grazing, songs, and dances. They are complete, unique landscape shape, but also combined organic, overall harmony, in the plateau unique blue sky and white clouds, sunny showers and morning and evening season under the color, showing a natural landscape always everywhere, dynamic magic infinite.

Be known as" Mortal pool "

Main scenic spot Huanglong Ditch It is like the image of "dragon" in the Chinese people's mind, so it has always been referred to as "Yao pool on earth" and "Chinese symbol". It is more revered by the villagers of all ethnic groups in the local area, and the Tibetans call it "Dongri · Seerjun", meaning the eastern conch mountain (referring to Xuebao Mountain ), gold Haizi (refers to Huanglonggou), and followed the annual grand, wave and the northwest provinces and regions of all ethnic groups to participate in the people Make the rounds The temple fair.

The geographical structure of the transitional state

In spatial position, the yellow dragon is at the junction between the units. Structurally it's in Yangtze River Para-platform, Songpan Yigantze Fold system with Qinling Mountains There are three geosynclinal wrinkle systems Geotectonic unit The joint part of; Geomorphologically, it is the second landform of China, and the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Sichuan basin The western mountainous zone; hydrologically The Fujiang River (in Henan Province) , the Sleeping River, Jialing River Headwaters of the three rivers A watershed; climatologically North Asia The tropical humid region and the Tibetan Plateau Kawanishi Boundary of humid region; vegetated Eastern China Moist forest area toward the Qinghai-Tibet plateau Subalpine coniferous forest Meadow grassland Bushland transition zone; Animals are also found in the northern and southern faunal hybrids. In the scenic area, there are also east-west snow mountain fracture, tiger tooth fracture and north-south Minshan Mountain Fault, Zhagashan fault, cross cut wrong, and the yellow dragon headquarters and Muni Ditch scenic spot In terms of lithology, sequence, sedimentation and other paleogeographic conditions and stratigraphic structure, Structural trace There are great differences on the above. This transitional state of spatial position causes the complexity of the natural environment, contains many unsolved mysteries, and provides a broad world for various disciplines to explore the mysteries of nature.

Rare in the world travertine landscape

Yellow dragon Travertine landscape, complete types, travertine Stone curb dam Color Pool, Travertine Beach, travertine fan, travertine Lake, travertine Collapse lake , pit, as well Travertine falls , travertine Cavern Travertine Spring, travertine Terrace, travertine bonsai, etc., is a veritable natural travertine museum. It is huge in scale: the Huanglonggou continuous distribution of travertine section is 3600 meters long, the longest travertine beach is 1300 meters long, the widest is 170 meters; There are more than 3,400 color pools; The highest side stone dam is 7.2 meters; Zhagahua Waterfall is 93.2 meters high. These are the best in China and unparalleled in the world. Its distribution is concentrated: on the vast carbonate strata in the whole area, the travertine wonders are only concentrated in Huanglong Ditch Zagagou Erdo Hai In the four gullies, the elevation is 3000 ~ 3600 meters. Its process is complete: Huanglonggou, Erdaohai and Zagat Gully are located in the area respectively travertine The modern formation period, decline period and late degeneration period provide a complete site for the study of travertine succession process. It is exquisitely combined: in the 3600 meter section of Huanglonggou, the group follows almost all travertine types at the same time, and cleverly forms a golden "giant dragon", which upturns in the snow-capped mountains and forests, and is actually a natural wonder.

The easternmost glacier remains in China

Huanglong area is more than 3000 meters above sea level, widely developed clear Fourth glacial remains Where to Minshan Mountain Principal peak Snow Treasure Pod The region is the most typical. It is characterized by comprehensive types and dense distribution, most to the east. This area has a wide range of mountains, Peak cluster There are seven peaks above 5,000 meters, among which three modern glaciers -- Xuebaoding (5,588 meters), Xuelan Mountain (5,440 meters) and Mengdong Peak (5,058 meters) -- have developed, making this area the most eastern modern glacier preservation area in China. The main glacial erosion remains are angular peaks (distributed above 4000 meters above sea level), blade ridges (above 3800 meters), and glacial erosion Dammed lake (above 3900 meters), etc.; main Moraine landform Endophytic, Middle moraine , Lateral moraine , Ground moraine Etc.; It is distributed in various glacial valleys, of which the final debt is mainly distributed at an elevation of 3000 ~ 3100 meters, 3550 ~ 3650 meters and 3750 ~ 3850 meters. The remains of modern glaciers and ancient glaciers and their relationship with travertine are of great scientific research value.

Typical and complete mountain canyon Jiangyuan landform

The general feature of the geomorphology in Huanglong area is that the mountains are male and the gorges are steep. It is characterized by, horn Like a forest, blade ridge vertical and horizontal; Deep canyons and steep cliffs; The source of the branch river is straight from south to north. Huanglong elevation ranges from 1700 to 5588 meters above sea level, and the relative height difference between peaks and valleys is generally more than kilometers, and more than 3700 to 4000 meters Glacial erosion landform , magnificent and majestic. Huang Longduo karst Canyon, space change, steep cliff peak, rich water, lush vegetation. According to the shape of the valley floor, yes Dan Yun Karst river Gorge, Zhagahua forest gorge and Erdo Hai Travertine cascade lake gorge and other species. The source of the Fujiang River in Huanglong is a main body Dendritic drainage pattern The upstream river bed is wide and flat, the downstream canyon is deep and curved, the south tributaries are arranged in a straight line, and the north tributaries are arranged in a steep line, forming a unique river source style with wide upper and deep lower, straight south and curved north.

Biological germplasm resources Treasury

Yellow dragon is a green treasure house of natural plant germplasm resources. There are... in the district Higher plant More than 1500 species, most of which are endemic to China, belong to the first to third class of national protection plants in Sichuan larch A surname fir , One-leaf grass , Star leaf Etc. 11 kinds. Many plants have important scientific, medicinal and economic values.

The special geographical location of Huanglong makes it an ideal area for the habitat and reproduction of wild animals such as giant pandas. It is characterized by a large number of rare animal varieties, prominent mixing of animals from north and south, and local endemic species. Among them, there are 59 species of animals, l55 species of birds, and animals belonging to the first to third class of national protection are giant pandas, Snub-nosed monkey , nilgai , Clouded leopard , White-lipped deer There are nearly 100 kinds of red belly Angle. The phenomenon of animal mixing in the north and the south is prominent in the mountain star bird, and the thymus tooth protrusion is a local endemic species. For" Living fossil The study of giant panda ecology helps to reveal the deep mysteries of natural ecology.

Quality mineral water and hot springs

Huanglong mineral water is exposed in Muni Ditch scenic spot . Flow rate 0.58 L/s, water temperature 9.5 ~ 9.8℃, pH 6.3, salinity 1 159 mg/L. Identified by relevant state departments as strontium, Carbon dioxide High quality natural drinking mineral water. In addition, Muni Ditch scenic spot two trench, but also exposed one Hot spring group The water temperature is about 22 ° C, and the water column of the big spring is up to more than 30 cm, containing 0.16 ml/l of sulfur (H2S).

Wulingyuan

Located in central China's Hunan Province, it stretches over 26,000 hectares. The most unique feature of the scenic spot is more than 3,000 pointed sandstone columns and sandstone peaks, most of which are more than 200 meters high. Between the peaks, ravines, canyons, streams, ponds and waterfalls can be seen everywhere, and there are more than 40 stone caves and two huge natural stone Bridges. In addition to its fascinating natural landscape, the area is also notable for sheltering a large number of endangered plant and animal species.

◎ Overview

Wulingyuan Scenic spot Located in the northwest of Central China's Hunan Province, it is the first of its kind in China National forest park - Zhangjiajie National Forest Park , Suoxiyu Nature Reserve , Tianzishan Nature Reserve and Yang Jiajie The scenic area covers 369 square kilometers. It is one of the first selected World Natural Heritage sites in China. Global geopark , national first batch 5A tourist attraction . Zhangjiajie Yongding District Tianmen Mountain The National Forest Park was rated as a 4A tourist attraction in 2007.

Wulingyuan Scenic Area is a newly discovered scenic spot in the early 1980s. The scenery here has not gone through any artificial carving, and is full of stone columns and peaks, cliffs and cliffs, Old and famous trees Clouds and fumes, streams and waterfalls, rare birds and exotic animals. In it, it is like entering a magical world and interesting art landscape corridor.

Wulingyuan is unique Quartz sandstone Peak forest is rare at home and abroad, in more than 360 square kilometers of area, known to have more than 3000 peaks, these abrupt rock wall peak stone, stretching thousands of hectares, layers of peaks. When the rain is clear or rainy weather, the clouds produced in the valley around the mountains, the sea of clouds is thick and light, the stone peak is hidden, the scene is changing.

Wulingyuan Water around the mountains, it is said that Zhangjiajie alone has "Xiu-shui 800", numerous waterfalls, springs, streams, pools, lakes are their own wonderful. Golden Whip River Is a more than ten kilometers long stream, from Zhangjiajie along the stream can be walked to Suoxiyu The two sides of the canyon face off, the landscape reflects the stream, unique flavor.

Wulingyuan has a large number of karst caves, large scale and rich characteristics, among which the most famous is the "Suoxi Valley". Huanglong Cave ". Huanglong Cave is 7.5km long, the cave is divided into four layers, the landscape is strange, is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Wulingyuan.

◎ Natural Heritage

Geological landforms of outstanding value

Wulingyuan is in the third uplift zone of Neocathaysia in the regional tectonic system. At long Geological historical period Inside, roughly experienced Wuling The Xuefeng, Indosinian, Yanshan, Himalayan and Neotectonic movements. Wuling - Snow peak movement Laid the base structure of this area. Indochinese movement Shaped the fundamentals of the district Tectonic landform While the mountain and neotectonic movements formed Wulingyuan peculiar Quartz sandstone One of the most basic intrinsic factors of peak forest landscape.

The formation of sandstone peak forest landform is mainly from far Paleozoic erathem Middle and Upper Devonian Series Yuntaiguan Formation The formation of Hehuangjiadun Formation is shown in strata Littoral facies Clastic rock Class characteristics. The rock is pure, the layer is thick, the base is gentle, Vertical joint The development, the rock exposed syncline The outline reflects the special geological tectonic environment and basic conditions of the formation of sandstone peak forest landform landscape. The water erosion and gravity caving caused by external geological activities and their biological and biochemical effects Physical weathering It is shaping Wulingyuan Geomorphic landscape essential external conditions. Therefore, its formation is the result of long-term interaction between internal and external geogravity in a specific geological environment.

Strange and varied landscape

Huanglong Cave, Zhangjiajie "In" China rocket base (The middle title is" Shenzhou No. 5). The success of Shenzhou V has inspired Huanglong Cave The tour guides put this strange cave in the form of a rocket-like stalactite group sculpture named "China Rocket Base", many stalactites have the title of Chinese rocket.

Quartz sandstone Peak forest landform: Wulingyuan has a total of 3103 stone peaks, the peak body distributed in the altitude of 500 ~ 1100 meters, ranging from tens of meters to 400 meters. Fenglin shape landscape body complete dollar shortage, if people, if God, if immortal, if birds, if beasts, if things, ever changing. The characteristics of Wulingyuan quartz sandstone peak forest geomorphology are: pure quality, Thickness of stone The quartz content is 75% to 95%, and the rock layer is more than 520 meters thick. With interlayered structure, namely thick quartz sandstone sandwiched thin layer, extremely thin mica siltstone or shale This layer group structure is conducive to natural sculpture and enhance the sense of image. Rock outcropping syncline outline attitude Gentle (5° ~ 8°, local maximum of 20°), increase the stability of the rock, providing a prerequisite for the rise of the peak forest. Rock formation Vertical joint Development, showing isometric characteristics, spacing is generally more than 15 to 20 meters, to shape a variety of peaks and forests landform And deep canyons provide the conditions.

Based on the above factors, plus in the region Neotectonic movement Intermittent lifting, tilting, water erosion cutting, gravity action, Physical weathering Under the action of various external forces, such as biochemistry and root splitting, the mountain forms a peak forest according to the complex natural evolution process, showing the characteristics of high, flat top and steep wall.

Structural dissolution landform: Wulingyuan The structural dissolution landforms are mainly exposed in Permian system , Triassic system Carbonate distribution area, an area of 30.6 square kilometers, can be divided into five subclasses, can be called" Western Hunan Type" Karst landscape A typical representative of... The main forms are soluble grain, Solder mark , lysin, ladle , solubilization ditch, solubilization tank, Stone bud , buried stone bud, Stone forest Holes, depressions, stone film, funnel, sinkhole , shaft , skylight, volute, underground river, Karst spring Let's wait. Karst caves are mainly concentrated in Suoxiyu North side of the valley and Tianzi Mountain Southeast edge, the total number of dozens. In order to Huanglong Cave The most typical is called" speleology The treasure house of Research "has special value in speleology in terms of sightseeing and exploration.

denude Tectonic landform : Distributed in Silurian detrital regions, see and Sanya class: Clastic rock A surname cuesta Landforms, distributed in Quartz sand Outside the Yanfeng forest landscape, the Ma neck boundary extends to the White Tiger Hall and the sky View extends to the Dajian area; Carp ridge V valley zhongshan landform, distributed in Huping, Shijiayu, Huangjiaping and other places; The low mountain landform of clastic rock, distributed in the outer margin of the middle mountains, the slope is relatively slow, and the valley is an open type V.

Valley erosion Accumulative landform : This type can be divided into mountain front flood fan, terrace and high floodplain. The former is distributed in Saping village Developed in Chuqi Yu - Shi Jiayu Yukou One belt; There are two terraces on both sides of Suoxi River, the second is Pedestal terrace 3-10 meters above the river surface; Jundiping - Yujiazui line high floodplain development, an area of 4 to 5 square kilometers.

A complete ecosystem

Wulingyuan It is located at the edge of the western plateau subregion and the eastern hilly plain subregion, connected with Hubei in the northeast and directly to the west Shennongjia And other places, southwest united in east Guizhou Fanjing Mountain . Various areas of biological infiltration, species rich, especially here complex terrain, steep slope deep gully, coupled with mild climate, rich rainfall, lush forest development, to the survival and reproduction of many species to provide a good environmental conditions. In addition, Wulingyuan has inconvenient transportation, sparse population and less human interference, thus preserving rich biological resources and becoming a concentrated distribution area of many relict plants and rare animals and plants in China. According to research, Wulingyuan has never had a major climate anomaly for thousands of years. Soil erosion , rock mass crumble Or the occurrence of forest pests and diseases and other phenomena, prove Wulingyuan Maintaining a reasonably structured and complete ecosystem has extremely important scientific research value.

Wulingyuan is rich in plant resources: Among many plants, Pinus wulingensis The most widely distributed, the largest number, the most strange shape, there are "three thousand peaks in Wulingyuan, the peak has one hundred and eighty thousand pines" reputation.

Ancient trees are "living relics" in natural heritage. The ancient and famous trees in Wulingyuan have the characteristics of ancient, large, rare, strange and many. Shentang Bay Black fir brain preserved intact primitive forest. An ancient ginkgo tree in Zhangjiajie Village is 44 meters high and has a diameter of 1.59 meters at breast height, which is called one of the natural heritage Living fossil . Grow in Kidney village the Chinese dove tree It is a state level protection Precious tree . These plant germplasm resources have high scientific research value, and their living environment, forest structure, protection and preservation are important research topics.

Valuable wild animals: Wulingyuan Zoogeographically belonging to Oriental realm , Central China It is located at the boundary between the western mountainous plateau subregion and the eastern hilly plain subregion. Here the terrain is complex, the climate is mild, the rainfall is rich, after a long period of erosion weathering, quartz sandstone formed a huge Qifeng different stone, steep slope deep gully, coupled with dense forests, to animals living, reproduction to create a good environmental conditions. After a preliminary investigation, Terrestrial vertebrates There are 116 species in 50 families, including the list of National Key Protected Animals Class I protected animal 3 species, 10 species of second-class protected animals. In the animal world of Wulingyuan, more macaques are present, and according to preliminary observation statistics, there are more than 300. The big gills, which the locals call "salamander", are found in streams, springs and pools. Study animal ecology in Wulingyuan ecosystem The role of and the relationship between the two, for the protection of animals and Maintain ecological balance It has important scientific value.

rare Geological relic landscape

Sand grain in the Devonian strata on the echo wall of Wulingyuan and rock paintings near the leapfish pond Ripple mark It is a rare geological relic, not only to visit, but also to study the ancient environment and Sea-land transition Evidence of... Distribute in Tianzi Mountain Permian system stratigraphic Coral fossil It is shaped like a turtle back pattern, so it is called" Moire stone "Is a good material for sculpture of various handicrafts.

Colorful climate landscape

Wulingyuan Spring, summer, autumn, winter, Yin, sunny, early and late, the climate is myriad. Cloud is the most common meteorological wonder in Wulingyuan, there are five forms of cloud, cloud sea, cloud tao, cloud waterfall and cloud. After the rain, first hazy fog, and then into white clouds, dimly floating, the peaks in the boundless sea of clouds disappear and appear, such as Penglai Fairy Island Yuyu Qionglou, in the middle of it, ecstasy, sometimes the sea of clouds rose over the peak, and then with overwhelming potential, rolling straight down, into the cloud waterfall, spectacular.

Chengjiang animal group

locate Chengjiang River Five kilometers east of the county seat Maotianshan Mountain , this lithocoenosis Its discovery has caused a stir in the international scientific community, and has been hailed as "rare in the history of modern paleontology research in the world" and "one of the most amazing scientific discoveries in the 20th century", which is a national treasure, a precious wealth of Yunnan and even the whole country, and a revelation of the Cambrian period. Big Bang of life arcane A golden key . On January 14, 2011, the Chinese government submitted the application materials to UNESCO World Heritage, marking Chengjiang fossil land Officially became China 2012 World heritage site Declare the project. On July 1, 2012, in St. Petersburg, Russia The 36th session of the World Heritage Committee announced that the Chengjiang fossil Site in China was included in the" World Heritage List ".

"Paleontological Mecca" MAO Tianshan "one of the most amazing discoveries of the 20th century"

Hat Tianshan is in Chengjiang county Within the territory, Fuxian Lake The east coast of Fuxian Lake is about 5 kilometers away. In July 1984, archaeologists discovered a 530-million-year-old mountain in Mao-Tianshan, Chengjiang Animal fossil Group, a total of more than 200 species of early Cambrian period Rare animals and plants and ichnofossil 80% of them belong to new species, which is called "one of the most amazing discoveries of the 20th century", and is known as "paleontological holy land" in the international scientific community. Paleontological fossil Type specimen site "and" world-class fossil treasure house ". The unique scientific value of Chengjiang fossil land has been widely concerned and highly appraised by the academic circles at home and abroad. More than 20 years of research in the academic community has shown that the Chengjiang fossil land is the most concentrated, best preserved and richest species found on Earth so far. Cambrian explosion of life Examples are outstanding examples of Earth's evolutionary history. In 1992, it was included in the UNESCO Global List of Geological Sites. In 1997 the Yunnan Provincial government will Maotianshan Mountain And its surrounding 18 square kilometers as a nature reserve; In 2001, MAO Tianshan was approved as the first national geopark. In 2006, Chengjiang Fossil land protection was listed as the first batch National natural heritage Prepare the list. In 2009, it was listed as one of the 60 major scientific and technological achievements since the founding of New China. Today, there are many reports published at home and abroad Chengjiang fauna The number of academic papers reached more than 230, of which 15 were published in the world's top academic journals, "Science" and "Nature". if Application for world heritage listing Success will be filled Chinese fossils The blank of natural heritage creates a precedent for domestic paleontological sites, enriches the connotation of China as a world heritage country, and becomes a second entrepreneurship and boost for tourism in Yunnan Province Fuxian Lake - Nebula Lake The construction of a comprehensive pilot zone for ecological construction and tourism reform and development will create a beautiful business card for the world's top tourism brand. At the same time, through the brand effect, promote the organic combination of ecological cultural tourism and scientific research tourism, promote the upgrading of Yuxi tourism and cultural industry, and stimulate the new bright spot of economic growth.

"Cambrian Period" - a great mystery in paleontology and geology

Cambrian explosion of life Known as a major cold case in paleontology and geology, it has been puzzling the academic community of evolution since Darwin, and is still listed as one of the "top ten scientific problems" by the international academic community.

About 600 million years ago, the beginning of what is known in geology as the Cambrian period, mostly invertebrate Doors appear in a very short period of millions of years. This almost "simultaneous" and "sudden" appearance in the Cambrian strata of numerous species of invertebrate fossils (arthropods, mollusks, brachiopod and annelid However, the absence of animal fossils in older strata prior to the Cambrian for a long time is known to paleontologists as the "Cambrian explosion of life."

In China's more than 10 years of declaration work, there are a lot of experience and lessons, from the analysis of the declaration process, there are three main factors affecting the success or failure:

First, the unique value of these cultural and natural heritages. In general, these projects are reviewed several times during the application process, but sometimes some projects are unique in the country, but when compared to the world, they are dwarfed and thus lost. For example Huangguoshu Waterfall This is the case.

Secondly, the level of protection and management of the cultural and natural heritage. Some of the projects themselves are national protected units or National scenic spot Or national historical and cultural cities, people often think that the protection work has been impeccable, but in fact, it is still a long way from the requirements of World Heritage. This shows the backwardness of our ideas. Those cultural relics around the tall chimneys, dazzling aluminum alloy, dazzling Glass curtain wall , eye-catching cement poles and Spider web The power lines are at odds with the solemn atmosphere of the heritage project. The "urbanization", "commercialization" and "street" of scenic spots, the construction of shops and restaurants everywhere, and the backwardness of management work often cause some problems Cultural value Already enough projects with" World Heritage List "Just missed. Because according to the provisions of the Convention, the same project has only one opportunity to declare and cannot be reviewed, thus causing irreparable regret. To this end, the reporting units have taken the reporting process as an opportunity to improve the awareness of cultural relics protection, improve the protection and management of cultural relics, and seriously do a good job of "cosmetic" work. Some units said with emotion: "The declaration work boils down to one word, that is, 'demolition'." In strict accordance with the provisions of the Convention, they demolish man-made scenic spots around the project and illegal buildings that are not in harmony with the project, and improve environmental hygiene, even at all costs Directional blasting Clean up the "hard bones".

Third, the preparation for the declaration of these cultural and natural heritage. For example, some projects in the application of the cultural value of the project is not enough research, insufficient preparation, and therefore did not give satisfactory explanations and answers to the questions raised by the experts in the investigation. UNESCO experts also attach great importance to the participation of the masses in the declaration work, and sometimes ask the masses some questions during the inspection to understand the attitude of the masses towards the declaration work, so in the declaration work, the masses should be actively mobilized by various means to let them care about the declaration work.

The heat of applying for heritage status in China is heating up, which can improve the awareness of heritage protection of the whole people. Moreover, in the process of World Heritage application, the site of application will be constantly combed and improved, which is also a process of consciously accepting the norms and constraints of international rules. However, China's declaration work still lacks the overall planning of the country, and the problem of multiple responsible declarations is prominent. In the management of World heritage, there is a lack of special laws for the management of world heritage and a national unified management organization, driven by economic interests, the phenomenon of "heavy use, light protection" is not uncommon.

The ultimate goal of World Heritage work is not to register on the World Heritage List. The purpose of the World Heritage Convention is "to establish a permanent and effective system, based on modern scientific methods, for the common protection of cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value". Its fundamental purpose is to select the representative objects and carriers of information and beauty that have "outstanding universal value" in human history and natural environment to be included in the vision of common concern of all mankind, and "forever use for grandchildren", declaration is only the beginning of it. Therefore, the values stated at the time of declaration are never infringed, and the existing state of protection can only be further improved, not weakened, in accordance with internationally accepted norms. The practice at all times and at home and abroad shows that only by effectively protecting and preserving the true value of natural and cultural heritage can it be passed down from generation to generation and be utilized sustainably. ^[2]

Natural heritage

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Definition criteria

Basic content

Primary scope

Main task

Cultural heritage

Cultural relic

Architectural complex

ruins

Standard

Cultural landscape

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Source of funds

Declaration and evaluation

China's accession

Natural heritage

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