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Republic of North Macedonia (
Macedonian
: Thep, budbudy y - m - m - m - m - m - m - m - m - m - m - m
[1]
North Macedonia (abbreviated as "North Macedonia") is located in Europe
Balkan Peninsula
The middle. Western neighbours
Albania
, South to
Greece
, East to
Bulgaria
, north and
Serbia
Bordering, it covers an area of 25,700 square kilometers. The climate is mainly temperate continental climate. North Macedonia has 84 local administrative units and its capital is
Skopje
. In 2021, the population of North Macedonia is 2.097 million.
In the 7th century, Slavs settled in Macedonia. In the second half of the 10th century to the beginning of the 11th century, Samuel founded the first Slavic state. After the end of the First Balkan War in 1912, Serbian, Bulgarian, and Greek forces occupied Macedonia. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece redivided Macedonia. The geographical part of Serbia is called Vardar Macedonia, the part of Bulgaria is called Pirin Macedonia, and the part of Greece is called Aegean Macedonia. After World War I, Vardar Macedonia was incorporated into the Serbo-Croat-Slovene Kingdom as part of Serbia (renamed in 1929)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
). In 1941, German and Italian fascists invaded Yugoslavia. In 1945, the Yugoslav people won the victory of the anti-Fascist war and declared the establishment of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (renamed in 1963) on November 29
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
). On November 20, 1991, Macedonia declared its independence and adopted the constitutional name of "Macedonia".
Republic of Macedonia
". On February 12, 2019, the government of North Macedonia announced that it would officially change the name of the country to the Republic of North Macedonia.
The main economic data of North Macedonia for 2022 are as follows: GDP: 12.51 billion euros. GDP per capita: 5,964.7 euros. GDP growth rate: 2.1%.
[2]
- Chinese name
- Republic of North Macedonia
- Foreign name
-
The Republic of North Macedonia
(English)
Thep, statussida, statussida, statussida, statussida, statussida, statussida (Macedonian) - Abbreviated form
- North Macedonia
- continent
- Europe
- capital
- Skopje
- National Day
- September 8th [2]
- National song
- " Above Macedonia today "
- Country code
- MKD
- Official language
- Macedonian
- currency
- Denal (Denar)
- Time zone
- UTC+1
- Political system
- A parliamentary republic
- National leader
- Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova [30] (President)
- Population number
- 2.097 million [2] (Year 2021)
- Population density
- 82.6 people/km2 [24] (2020)
- Major nationality
- Macedonians , Albanian
- Major religion
- Orthodox Church
- Land area
- 25713 km²
- Water area ratio
- 1.9%
- Total GDP
- 12.9 billion euros [2] (2022)
- Per capita GDP
- 6,365.6 euros [2] (2022)
- International telephone area code
- 389
- International domain name abbreviation
- .mk
- Road access
- Drive on the right
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- ▪Tribal state
- ▪Kingdom/Empire
- ▪Incorporation into Rome
- ▪The Eastern Han Dynasty
- ▪Transferred to Eastern Rome
- ▪Slavic state
- ▪Renamed North Macedonia
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- ▪Drainage distribution
- 3Natural resources
- 4Administrative division
- ▪Zoning details
- ▪Major city
- 5National symbol
- ▪Country name
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- 6population
- 7political
- ▪regime
- ▪congress
- ▪government
- ▪Political party
- ▪dignitaries
- ▪constitution
North Macedonia is located in the Macedonian region, which is located in the central and southern Balkans of Europe, the core of the Balkan region, and the gateway to the Mediterranean Sea, and has been an important trade and military route.
During the early Bronze Age, a group of Greek-speaking tribes moved to Northern Macedonia and gradually moved south to Greece, but some remained in Northern Macedonia. Around the 7th century BC, one of these remnants, the Macedonians, captured Aegae and expanded it into the coastal plain of Aegean Macedonia in Greece, forming the Macedonian state. They worshipped the Greek gods, especially Zeus and Heracles. Other Greek-speaking tribes merged with Illyrians, Pyonians, and Thracians in Northern Macedonia
[5]
.
The Macedonians were not at the same pace as the Greeks in the south in the development of their civilization. in
Greek city-states
It has reached an era of high political, economic and cultural prosperity, and Macedonia has just crossed the threshold of civilized society. The Macedonians were mostly farmers and herders, but they were also warriors. The king chose his comrades from among the nobles of the tribe, who were completely loyal to the king, involved in court affairs in peacetime, and accompanied him in war. From these comrades, the king also selects some of them to form his "council."
Macedonia was the frontier region at the northern end of the ancient Greek civilization, and the Macedonian Empire, which rose in the 4th century BC, conquered Asia Minor, Persia, Egypt and other places, and spread Greek culture throughout the Middle East. Later, Macedonia was ruled by the Roman Empire and then the Byzantine Empire (dominated by the Greeks). At the beginning of the 5th century BC,
Persia
invade
Ancient Greek
,
Kingdom of Macedonia
It was once ruled by Persia. The true strength of the Kingdom of Macedonia lies in
Philip the Second
His reforms made the Kingdom of Macedonia a military power in the Balkans. Illyria and Epirus in the west, Thrace in the east, and Pyonia in the north were all within their sphere of influence. Philip II adopted the gold and silver system, built up a standing army loyal to the king, and created a powerful Macedonian phalanx. Later, he seized the gold mines of Thrace, which provided a steady source of annual military expenditure. When the Macedonian army was superior to the armies of the other Greek cities, Philip II built a powerful fleet to march into the Eastern countries.
Philip II, with the Kingdom of Macedon strong, took advantage of the city-state strife in Greece to invade the south. 338 BC, to
Athens
The anti-Macedonian Allies, led by Thebes, fought a decisive battle with the Macedonians at Kronia in Central Greece, but suffered a crushing defeat. In 337 BC, Philip II was in
Corinth
A meeting of the Greek states was called, an alliance of the Greek city-states was declared, and then the king decided to attack Persia. In 336 BC Philip II was assassinated at the wedding reception of his daughter. After the murder of Philip II, the Greek city-states once again rebelled against Macedonia.
After the assassination of Philip II, aged 20
Alexander
He took the throne and crushed the rebellion in less than six months. In the spring of 334 BC, Alexander attacked across the Hellespont
Persian Empire
Less than half a year after the occupation
Asia Minor
. In 333 BC, Alexander's army was defeated on the Plain of Issus in Syria
Darius III
The Persians, with more than 100,000 soldiers, captured Darius' mother, wife, and two daughters, and Darius III fled east. In 333 BC Alexander conquered Syria,
Phoenicia
The cities. In 332 BC he conquered Egypt and built a new city in Egypt called
Alexandria
At present
Alexandria
. Alexander left Egypt again in the spring of 331 BC to continue his campaign. Live through
The Euphrates River
with
The Tigris River
In October, there was another battle with Darius III's army at Abella. Alexander went on and conquered
Babylon
After that, they continued east into the Persian mainland and occupied the Persian Empire
Susa
with
Persepolis
The two capitals, after acquiring large amounts of gold, silver and jewels, set fire to the city of Persepolis and killed its inhabitants in revenge for the Persian king in 480 BC
Xerxes I
Set fire to the hatred of Athens. For the next three years Alexander crushed sporadic resistance in northeastern Persia, the king of Persia
Darius III
He was also killed by his men, thus ending Persia.
In 327 BC, Alexander marched into India with his great army from
Caspian Sea
South bank heading east, passing
Parthia
Conquer Afghanistan, enter India, defeat Indian rebels, pacify
Punjab
To continue south along the Indus River. But his soldiers were away for years, eager to return, and because of India's rainy, hot weather, soldiers suffered, and even open mutiny, Alexander divided the conquered part of India into three provinces and kept troops. In early 324 BC, Alexander will
Babylon
As the new capital of the Macedonian state, and established a vast empire -
Macedonian Empire
(also known as the Alexander Empire). In June 323 BC, Alexander fell ill with falciparum malaria and died 10 days later at the age of 33.
Alexander the Great
After his death, the countries of Greece and all parts of Persia took the opportunity to revolt. Alexander's men fought each other for land, and the empire immediately fell into chaos, and finally split into three more consolidated states. subordinates
Ptolemy
Occupy Egypt and
Syria
The south, established
The Ptolemaic Dynasty
; Seleucus conquered Asia Minor,
Mesopotamia
And northern Syria, established
The Seleucids
; Caishan occupied Macedonia and Greece and established the Kingdom of Macedon; These three states were the most powerful in the late Greek era.
finally
Roman
It died in 146 BC
Carthage
After developing eastward, these countries were successively conquered by Rome. The remaining kingdom of Macedonia was conquered by Rome in the 2nd century BC, and in 146 BC a "Roman Empire" was established.
Provinces of Macedonia
".
In AD 97, Ban Chao sent his subordinates
Gan Ying
Be sent on a diplomatic mission
Qin Dynasty
(Rome)
Arrive article branch, want to cross, be
Rest in peace
The ship people blocked, had to "poor in the west Sea and return." Gan Ying's journey to the west was much longer than Zhang Qian's, and his practical influence was also greater than Zhang Qian's.
Shortly after Gan Ying's mission to Daqin, that is, in 100 AD, "Yuan Guo
Monch
triangulus
All come back to serve and contribute."
The Eastern Han Dynasty (206 B.C.)
The imperial court attached great importance to the mission of Monchidulle, and specifically "gave his king gold seal purple Ribbon". The word "Macedones" is a transliteration of the word "Macedones."
The Macedonian delegation opened up the direct communication between China and the West, which occupies a very important position in the history of the communication between China and the West, and this event itself also confirms the existence of land communication between China and Rome.
[29]
When the Roman Empire split into eastern and western parts in 298 AD, Macedonia came under the control of Eastern Rome (Byzantine Empire) and became the "Military District of Macedonia".
[5]
.
North Macedonia was successively ruled by
Roman Empire
,
The Byzantine Empire
Rule. From the 5th century onwards, Slavs began to enter the Macedonian region and settled in North Macedonia, thus laying the basis for the division of modern Macedonia between North and south (South: Greeks, North: Slavs). The Slavs migrated to Macedonia in large numbers in the 7th century, and from the second half of the 10th century to 1018, Samoilo (Samuel) established the first Macedonian state
[2]
.
In 837, Bulgaria conquered the region of Macedonia and at the end of the 10th century
Ohrid
Make it your capital. In 1018, the Byzantine Empire conquered the region of Macedonia, which changed hands several times between Byzantium, Bulgaria, and Serbia over the next few centuries. Early 15th century
Ottoman Turkey
He conquered the region of Macedonia and began a 500-year reign.
In the 19th century, the Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbian movements began one after another, and nationalism rose, and Macedonia became a battleground among the three countries. In 1912, the three countries jointly fought against the Ottoman Empire
The First Balkan War
The Ottomans ceded Macedonia to The Three Kingdoms
[6]
. However, the three countries broke out in 1913 over the concrete partition of Macedonia
The Second Balkan War
In the end, Greece and Serbia defeated Bulgaria, and the three countries re-divided Macedonia. The geographical part of Serbia is called Vardar Macedonia, the part of Bulgaria is called Pirin Macedonia, and the part of Greece is called Aegean Macedonia. Serbia was given the territory of the modern Republic of North Macedonia. After World War I, Vardar Macedonia was incorporated as part of Serbia into the Serbo-Croat-Slovene Kingdom (renamed in 1929)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
)
[2]
.
During World War II,
Kingdom of Greece
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was an ally, while Bulgaria joined the Alliance
The Third German Reich
After the fall of Greece and Yugoslavia to Germany, Bulgaria took over most of Macedonia, but after the end of the war the borders between the countries returned to the pre-war situation.
After World War II, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed by
Tito
Led the communist state and was founded
Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
(Renamed in 1963
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
). In 1946, Tito took the Macedonian region away from
Serbia
It separated and became a Yugoslav republic, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. On November 20, 1991, North Macedonia declared its independence and adopted the constitutional name of the Republic of Macedonia. On 10 December 1992, the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia voted by a majority of its members in principle to change the name of the Macedonian state to "Republic of Macedonia (Skopje)". Due to Greek objections to North Macedonia's use of its constitutional name, on 7 April 1993, North Macedonia joined under the provisional name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
The United Nations
[2]
.
In 1999, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia broke out
Kosovo War
Nearly 400,000
Albanian
Refugees from
Kosovo
As a result of the influx into North Macedonia, ethnic Albanians in North Macedonia have become increasingly separatist. Since February 2001, Kosovar Albanian extremists have repeatedly crossed the Yugoslav border with North Macedonia, occupied North Macedonian villages and exchanged fire with North Macedonian border guards. Albanian extremists then attacked the second largest city in the North Macedonian border region
Tetovo
(Albanian enclave) Attack North Macedonian border guards. On 21 March 2001, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1345, which strongly condemned the violent activities of extremists in parts of the North and South Maldives, reaffirmed the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of the North and South Maldives in accordance with international law and UN Security Council Resolution 1244, and demanded that the relevant personnel immediately cease armed activities against the North and South Maldives. Lay down your weapons and return home. NATO and the OSCE also issued statements expressing support for the security, stability and territorial integrity of North Macedonia. The Kosovo Peacekeeping Force (KFOR) has stepped up patrols on the Kosovo side of the North-South border, allowing the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia military and police to return to the "safe zone" in the areas bordering North and South Malaysia.
On January 21, 2018, large-scale clashes broke out in the northern Greek city of Thessaloniki, where a large number of demonstrators waved Greek flags and shouted "Macedonia is Greek". On February 4, 2018, Athens, Greece, people marched to ask the Greek government not to compromise in the "dispute over the name of the country" with Macedonia. For Ancient Macedonia, the Greek side believes that the ancient Macedonians are a branch of the ancient Greeks, and the Ancient Macedonian kingdom belongs to the Greek history. The Republic of Macedonia, for its part, claimed to be the successor of the Kingdom of Macedonia and the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, and therefore insisted on using the name "Macedonia"
[7]
.
Macedonia was renamed the "Republic of North Macedonia" as a condition for Greece agreeing to join the European Union and NATO. On June 12, 2018, after years of mediated negotiations, the prime ministers of North Macedonia and Greece announced that they had reached an agreement on the name of their country. On January 11, 2019, the Macedonian Parliament passed a constitutional amendment to change the country's name to "Republic of North Macedonia".
[8]
; On January 25, 2019, the Greek Parliament ratified the agreement with Macedonia to change the name of Macedonia
[9-10]
; On February 8, 2019, the Greek Parliament ratified the Protocol on Macedonia's accession to NATO
[11]
; On February 12, 2019, the government of North Macedonia announced the official change of the country's name to the Republic of North Macedonia.
[2]
[12]
[31]
In May 2022, North Macedonia was listed as a candidate for membership by the European Union.
[27]
The Republic of North Macedonia is located
Southern Europe
Region, located in the middle of the Balkan Peninsula, is a mountainous landlocked country. It borders the Republic of Bulgaria to the east, the Greek Republic to the south, the Republic of Albania to the west, and the Republic of Serbia to the north. Almost the entire territory of North Macedonia lies between 41° to 41.5° north latitude and 20.5° to 23° East longitude, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers
[2]
[13]
.
North Macedonia location (for the place name layer before the name change)
North Macedonia location (for the place name layer before the name change)
The territory of the Republic of North Macedonia is mountainous and most of the area is a plateau with an elevation of more than 2,000 meters. Border peak between North Macedonia and Albania
The Corabi Mountains
At 2,764 meters above sea level, it is the highest peak in the territory
[4]
.
The climate of the Republic of North Macedonia is mainly temperate continental climate, with the highest temperature of 40℃ in summer and the lowest temperature of -30℃ in winter in most agricultural areas. The western part is affected by the Mediterranean climate, with an average temperature of 27℃ in summer and 10℃ in the whole year. The average annual precipitation in North Macedonia is 680 mm, with precipitation exceeding 70 mm in April and November and the lowest in August at less than 40 mm
[3]
.
In the central part of the Republic of North Macedonia
The Vardar River
Through which the river flows
Aegean Sea
The Vardar River basin accounts for most of its territory, with tributaries such as the Black River, the Bregarnica River, the Puccinia River, and the Tresca River. The western region is divided between the Hedrin and Devoli rivers, which eventually feed into it
The Adriatic Sea
. In the upper Headlin River
Lake Ohrid
The upper reaches of the Devoli River are distributed
Lake Prespa
Both lakes are boundary lakes between North Macedonia and Albania
[4]
.
The Republic of North Macedonia is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron, lead, zinc, copper, nickel, etc., of which coal reserves are about 900 million tons. There are also non-metallic mineral carbon, bentonite, fireclay, gypsum, quartz, opal, feldspar and so on. The forest cover rate is 35.5%
[2]
.
In August 2004, the Parliament of North Macedonia passed the New Administrative Division Law, which created 84 local administrative units.
[2]
; Major cities are
Skopje
(Skopje),
Bitola
(Bitola),
Kumanovo
(Kumanovo),
Prialep
(Prilep),
Tetovo
(Tetovo),
Ohrid
(Ohrid), Stip,
Gostival
(Gostivar).
|
The district of Valandovo
|
Aracinovo District
|
Ohrid District
|
Old Nagoricane district
|
Studenichani District
|
Wasilevo District
|
Airfield district
|
Strumica District
|
|
Bogdench District
|
The Lipkovo District
|
Macedonia Brod District
|
Pechchevo District
|
Veles region
|
Central area
|
The Struga District
|
|
|
Burvenica District
|
Kamenica region of Macedonia
|
Novoselo District
|
Shtipu District
|
Raisinskiy Rayon
|
Radovish District
|
||
|
Bogovigne District
|
Cesinovo Obleshevo District
|
Krushevo District
|
Kriva Palanka District
|
Mavrovo and Rostusha districts
|
Salai district
|
Perforated zone
|
Probishtipu District
|
|
Chuchel Sandevo District
|
Ghazi Baba District
|
Krivogashtani District
|
Lozovo District
|
Rossoman District
|
Wevchani District
|
The Prielep District
|
|
|
Buttel district
|
Damir Hisar District
|
Dorneny District
|
Kratovo District
|
Frapchishti District
|
Negotino District
|
Vinica district
|
Petrovec District
|
|
Shuto Orizari District
|
Damirkapia District
|
Kisseravoda District
|
Zelenikovo District
|
The Novazzi District
|
The District of Ilingdon
|
Prasnica District
|
|
|
Middle Jupa District
|
Gafgailia District
|
Delcevo District
|
Kavadalzi District
|
Karpinzi District
|
The Taial mining area
|
Gerino District
|
The Lankov mining area
|
|
The Chair district
|
Giorchepetrov District
|
Debalza District
|
Yegunov Mining District
|
Karposh District
|
Mogila District
|
Kochani District
|
Sopishtay District
|
|
Gostival District
|
Debar district
|
Gradesco District
|
Zirnovzi District
|
Tetovo District
|
Kicevo District
|
St. Nicholas District
|
Administrative divisions of North Macedonia
-
Skopje
Skopje, the capital of the Republic of North Macedonia, is its political, economic, cultural and transportation center, located in the northern part of North Macedonia, with an average elevation of 240 meters, an urban area of 571 square kilometers and an urban area of 337 square kilometers
[14]
Skopje is surrounded by mountains, the Vardar River curves through the city, the modern buildings on the right bank mirror the old town on the left bank, and there is a 6-hole stone bridge built in the 14th century to connect the avenue on the right bank with the streets on the left bank. Skopje is hot and dry in summer and cold and humid in winter, with a maximum temperature of 32 ° C, a minimum temperature of -2 ° C and an average temperature of 13.5 ° C in 2017, and a population of 527,000 (2021).
[2]
[15]
.
Skopje Alexander International Airport is 17 km away from the city, the city has long-distance buses to the main towns of the country, there are also international long-distance buses to the surrounding countries, is the Balkans Peninsula to connect the Aegean Sea important transportation hub
[14]
. Skopje is the largest tobacco processing center in the country, as well as metallurgy, machinery manufacturing (automobiles, agricultural machinery, etc.), chemical, electrical equipment, cement, glass and other industries, and handicrafts such as gold and silver jewelry are also famous. There are cultural facilities such as Skopje University, Macedonian Academy of Science and Arts, libraries, museums, and the ruins of the ancient city of Skopje on the outskirts of the city. Among them, the University of Skopje is the largest comprehensive university in North Macedonia, which has trained a large number of professional and technical talents. In July 2013, the first Chinese Cultural Festival was held in North Macedonia. The first Confucius Institute in North Macedonia was officially inaugurated at the University of Skopje
[16]
. The ruins of the Roman Empire and Byzantine cities can still be seen in 518 and 1963, in order to commemorate the strong earthquake in 1963, the Macedonian Earthquake Museum was built on the site of the old Skopje railway station.
[15]
.
-
Bitola
Bitola is the second largest city in the Republic of North Macedonia, located in the south of North Macedonia, 169 km from the capital Skopje. The city covers an area of 422 square kilometers and is the administrative, economic, educational and cultural center of southwestern North Macedonia. The city has a population of about 95,000, of which about 80,000 live in urban areas. The majority of the residents are Macedonians, accounting for 88%, and the rest include Romanian, Albanian, Turkish, Serbian and other ethnic groups. 89% are Orthodox and 9% are Islamic. The city of Bitola has a long history, founded by the Slavs after they entered the region in the 7th century, and is adjacent to the ruins of the ancient city of Herakria from the 4th century BC. The first known mention of Bitola dates back to 1014. Since the arrival of Slavs in the region in the 7th century and the reign of Tsar Samuel, Bitola has been known for its numerous churches and monasteries. The city served as the seat of the Bishop of Bitola.
During the reign of the Ottoman Empire (beginning at the end of the 14th century), Bitola became the centre of trade in the region and a distribution centre for Greece, Albania and other surrounding areas. At the time, the city was also an Islamic religious center and an Islamic school was established at the end of the 17th century. According to documents, during the Muslim rule, the city of Bitola had a total of 70 mosques, several cafes, tea houses, and a large market composed of about 900 shops.
Because of its location in the zone where different civilizations meet, Bitola gradually developed into a regional center city, and because of the large number of foreign consuls stationed in the city, it is known as the "city of Consuls". At present, Austria, Slovenia, France, Turkey, Italy, the United Kingdom, Russia, Romania, Greece and other countries have consulates or honorary consulates in the city
[17]
.
Republic of North Macedonia (Th
e
Republic of North Macedonia), since the Hellenic Republic firmly opposes the name "Republic of Macedonia", which was used by the Republic of North Macedonia after its independence on 17 September 1991, Before The name change, most countries in the world and international organizations such as the United Nations referred to North Macedonia as The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.). On February 12, 2019, the Republic of Macedonia officially changed its name to "Republic of North Macedonia".
[1]
.
Flag of North Macedonia
Coat of arms of North Macedonia
The national anthem of the Republic of North Macedonia is
Above Macedonia Today
In today's Macedonia, the new sun of freedom is rising in the east and Macedonians are fighting for their rights. Macedonians fought for their rights. The flag is flying again in the Republic of Krusovo, Gochidtsev, Pitukuri, Damegruev, Sandansky. Gochidchev, Pitukuri, Damegluev, Sandansky. The woods of Macedonia sing a new song, a new awakening. Free Macedonia, a new birth of freedom. Free Macedonia, a new birth of freedom.
In 2021, the population of North Macedonia is 2.097 million. The main ethnic groups are Macedonians (54.21%), Albanians (29.52%), Turks (3.98%), Roma (2.34%) and Serbs (1.18%).
[2]
In the Republic of North Macedonia
Parliamentary republic
The sovereign, independent, democratic and welfare state of China strictly implements a system of separation of powers, namely, the legislature, the law enforcement and the judiciary. The Assembly of North Macedonia (unicameral) is the representative body of the citizens of North Macedonia and exercises the legislative power of the state; The Government of North Macedonia is the executive organ of state power; The head of state is the President; The head of government is the Prime Minister
[18]
.
The representative body of the citizens of North Macedonia, exercising the legislative power of the state. The unicameral system is implemented, which is elected by a single constituency plus proportional representation system, that is, the country is divided into six constituencies, each of which directly elects some members, and the seats are allocated according to the proportion of votes received by each party. There are also three seats reserved for North Macedonian expatriates. There are 120 members who serve four-year terms. The current parliament will be elected in July 2020. Among them, the electoral alliance formed by the Social Democratic Union Party and the "Besa Movement" party won 46 seats, the Internal Revolutionary Organization Electoral Alliance Party won 44 seats, the Albanian Integration Democratic Union Party won 15 seats, the Albanian Union Party and the Choice Party election Alliance won 12 seats, the Left Party won 2 seats, and the Albanian Democratic Party won 1 seat. Speaker Talat XHAFERI, re-elected in August 2020.
[2]
The Government of the Republic of North Macedonia is the executive organ of state power. The current government was formed on January 16, 2022 by Prime Minister Dimitar Kovacevski. Members of the Government are: Artan GRUBI, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Political System and Inter-Ethnic Relations; Bojan MARICIC, Deputy Prime Minister for European Affairs; Fatmir BITIKJI, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic affairs; Slavica GRKOVSKA, the deputy prime minister in charge of anti-corruption; Slavjanka PETROVSKA, the defense minister; Oliver SPASOVSKI, the interior minister; Finance Minister Fatmir BESIMI, Foreign Minister Bujar OSMANI, Education and Science Minister Jeton SHAQIRI, Blagoj BOCHVARSKI, Minister of Transport and Infrastructure; Ljupco NIKOLOVSKI, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water; Jovana TRENCHEVSKA, Minister of Labor and Social Policy; (women), Azir ALIU, Minister of Information Society and Public Administration; Kaya SHUKOVA, Minister of Environment and Regional Planning; Kreshnik BEKTESHI, Minister of Economy; Justice Minister Krenar LOGA, Local Self-Government Minister Risto PENOV, Health Minister Fatmir MEXHITI, Culture Minister Bisera STOJCEVSKA (female), The Minister in charge of Overseas Chinese affairs (without a ministry) is Jamal Chupi (Xhemail CUPI).
[2]
Implement a multi-party system. The main political parties are:
(1) Social Democratic Union of Macedonia: "Social Democratic Union". Formerly known as the Union of Macedonian Communists, it changed its current name in 1993. Chairman Dimitar Kovacevski.
(2) Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity: Referred to as the "Revolutionary Party". It was established in June 1990. Chairman Hristijan MICKOSKI.
(3) Albanian Democratic Union for Integration Party: "Albanian Democratic Union" for short. It was established in June 2002. Chairman Ali AHMETI.
(4) Alliance for the Albanians: Founded in June 2015. Chairman Arben TARAVARI.
(5) Alternative Party (Alternativa) : Founded in March 2019. Chairman Afrim GASHI.
(6) Besa Movement: Founded in November 2014. Chairman Bilal KASAMI.
[2]
Stevo Pendarowski: The President. He was born in April 1963. PhD in Political Science, University of Skopje. He has served as adviser to the President on security and foreign policy and as National Coordinator for NATO Affairs in North Macedonia. He was sworn in as president in May 2019.
Dimitar Kovacevski: Prime Minister. Born in 1974. PhD in Economics, University of Montenegro. He taught economics and management at a university and served as deputy finance minister in the previous government. In January 2022, he became Prime Minister of North Macedonia.
Talat Jafiri: Speaker of Parliament. Born in April 1962, ethnic Albanian. Graduated from Skopje University in Law. Member of the Albanian Democratic Union for Integration. He was a member of Parliament, Deputy Minister of Defense, and an officer in the North Macedonian People's Army. He was elected Speaker in April 2017. Reelected in August 2020.
[2]
[32]
On May 12, 2024, Davkova spoke at the inauguration ceremony.
On November 17, 1991, North Macedonia adopted a new constitution, which stipulated that North Macedonia was a sovereign, independent, democratic and welfare State, with a President elected by universal suffrage by secret ballot for a five-year term of office with a maximum of two terms. In January 1992, the Parliament of North Macedonia amended the constitution, stating that North Macedonia had no territorial claims against its neighbors. In November 2001, the Parliament of North Macedonia amended the constitution to extend the autonomy of ethnic Albanians. In January 2019, the Parliament of North Macedonia amended the constitution to change the name of the country from "Republic of Macedonia" to "Republic of North Macedonia".
[2]
North Macedonia has a Constitutional court, a general court and a public prosecutor's office. The President of the Constitutional Court, Dobrila KACARSKA (female), assumed office in June 2021. The general courts are divided into three levels: primary (district court), intermediate (district court) and Supreme Court. The President of the Supreme Court, Besa ADEMI (female), assumed office in February 2021. Prosecutor General Ljubomir JOVESKI, appointed in 2017. In addition, there are economic courts and military courts.
[2]
In recent years, with the improvement of the domestic and international environment and the advancement of various reform measures, the economy of North Macedonia has maintained stable growth. Key economic data for 2022 are as follows:
Gross Domestic Product: 12.9 billion euros.
GDP per capita: €6,365.6.
GDP growth rate: 2.1%.
Currency name: Denar.
Exchange rate: 1 USD ≈58.6 dynas; 1 euro ≈61.6 denals.
Inflation rate: 14.2%.
Unemployment rate: 13.4%.
[2]
Industrial output will account for 30.5% of GDP in 2022. The main industrial sectors are ore mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, electricity, wood processing, food processing and so on.
[2]
Agricultural output will account for 8.1% of GDP in 2022. The total area of agricultural land is 1.256 million hectares, of which 514,000 hectares are cultivated and 742,000 hectares are raised for livestock.
[2]
As of September 2017, the foreign exchange reserves of the Republic of North Macedonia were 2.271 billion euros. External debt of $9.103 billion. The main bank is the National Bank (NBRM) and three major commercial banks, Komercijalna, Stopanska and NLB Tutunska
[2]
[14]
.
By the end of 2022, foreign exchange reserves amounted to 3.86 billion euros. The external debt in 2022 will be $11.58 billion. Main Bank: Commercial Bank, established in 1955.
[2]
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trade
In 2022, total foreign trade reached 21.49 billion US dollars, up 9.6% year on year, of which exports reached 8.73 billion US dollars, up 6.5% year on year, and imports reached 12.76 billion US dollars, up 12% year on year.
The main trading partners are Germany, Britain, Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and so on.
[2]
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Foreign capital
The stock of foreign direct investment in 2021 will be $6.3 billion. Foreign direct investment of $600 million in 2021 and $790 million in 2022.
[2]
The official language of the Republic of North Macedonia is Macedonian, which is the most widely spoken language. Macedonian belongs to the Indo-European Slavic branch of the Yugoslavic language family and is interoperable with Bulgarian. In some areas, Albanian is also one of the main languages used for communication. Many North Macedonian citizens speak English, French, German, Russian, Italian and other European languages
[2]
.
The main ethnic groups in the Republic of North Macedonia are Macedonians and Albanians, who believe in Orthodox Christianity and Islam respectively. Citizens of different religious beliefs abide by their own different religious rules and customs, and should go to their villages to ask questions when interacting with different ethnic groups, and respect the customs and habits of all ethnic groups. The North Horse Church is more numerous, and outsiders are allowed to enter, but they must pay attention to neat dress and polite manners.
Citizens of North Malaysia observe international etiquette on international occasions, shaking hands, and greeting friends and relatives or hugging when they meet. The international title is adopted, calling men "Sir" and women "madam", "Miss" and "Ms".
Citizens of North Malaysia work from Monday to Friday. Most businesses work until noon on Saturday and are closed on Saturday afternoons and Sundays, usually on religious or national holidays. North Macedonians are hospitable, if invited to a private home, it is recommended not to be late, should bring some small gifts such as: flowers, wine or chocolate. When sending flowers, pay attention to the singular number, indicating happiness, such as birthdays, moving to a new house, etc. Even flowers are usually given at funerals. It is impolite to visit or call at home before 5 PM. North Macedonians like to spend the night in restaurants, bars and cafes, and usually stay entertained until late on weekends.
North Macedonians pay more attention to dress in formal social occasions, men usually wear suits, women usually wear skirts or suits. Horse national costume has its own characteristics. Women like to wear stand-up collar embroidered shirts and short vests, often wear aprons, colorful belts, headscarves and flat top conical small hats. Men's traditional clothing is to wear a shirt, vest or leather vest on the top, wear trousers, wear a colorful belt. In the region, weddings are celebrated for three days in traditional dress.
The North Horse diet is based on pasta and meat, and most people like to drink Turkish coffee, black tea, wine, fruit wine and mineral water. North Macedonian cuisine features large plates of grilled meat and sausage, paired with local bread, green Onions, red pepper paste, local wine, shochu, beer and coffee
[14]
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The main public holidays in the Republic of North Macedonia are 16 days:
New Year's Day: January 1;
Orthodox Christmas Day: January 7;
Eastern Orthodox Easter: 2 days, according to the Eastern Orthodox calendar generally spring April, May;
Labor Day: May 1;
Saint Kirill and Maitodi Day: 24 May;
Eid al-Fitr: The Islamic calendar after Ramadan, the date of the year is not fixed;
Republic Day: Also known as the Anniversary of the Ilingdon Rebellion, 2 August;
National Day: September 8, Independence Day;
People's Uprising Day: 11 October;
Anniversary of the Revolutionary Struggle: 23 October;
St. Clement's Day of Ohrid: December 8.
There are also a number of minority religious festivals
[14]
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On 28 March 1992, the army of North Macedonia was created. The President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The main task of the national defense policy is to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, and to fulfill the obligations of NATO member states. The military service system for professional soldiers shall be implemented. There are 8,133 active servicemen (full complement). The total defense budget for 2023 is 270 million euros. The current Chief of the General Staff, Lt. Gen. Metodija VELICHKOVSKI.
[2]
North Macedonia is located at the intersection of two pan-European transport corridors (Corridors 8 and 10) and has a well-developed road network. It is connected to Greece in the south and Serbia in the north by European Route 75, and has several motorways. The total length of the road in North Macedonia is about 14,182 km.
The roads in the capital Skopje are in good condition, buses are public transport, taxis are quite popular, long-distance buses lead to major cities in the country, and there are international long-distance services to Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia. The road with Serbia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Greece and other neighboring countries is good, and the road with the western neighbor Albania is poor. In recent years, the government has made great efforts to develop road construction, including the construction of new national highways and local intercity expressways, such as the Milatinovich - Stip, Kichevo-Ohrid expressways built by Sinohydro International Engineering Co., LTD., and the Demir Kapia - Smolkovica Expressways built by Greek companies. These new roads will promote the improvement and upgrading of the inter-connected transport network in North Macedonia.
In April 2018, the Demir Kapia - Smolkovica motorway was officially opened, thus completing the European Corridor 10 in North Macedonia.
[28]
North Macedonia Railway has a total length of 683 km, and has rail links with Serbia and Greece, and there is no rail transportation such as metro and urban rail in the country. In 2019, the number of railway passengers was 253,000, down 54.6% year-on-year. Cargo volume was 1.744 million tons, down 5.2% year-on-year. The main international railway line runs from Belgrade to the Aegean port of Thessaloniki via Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia, with passenger trains running at 60-70 km/h. The North Macedonian Railway system is state-owned and, in order to progressively privatise it, the railway sector was split into two separate entities, the Infrastructure Construction Company and the Railway Traffic Operating Company, in 2007. In recent years, North Macedonia has been committed to the development of railway transportation, and the national railway company has purchased six EMUs and four electric locomotives from China in 2014 and 2017 with loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. At present, 215.7 kilometers of the northern Macedonian section of Corridor 10 railway has been completed, with an average speed of 90 kilometers per hour; The Northern Macedonian section of Corridor 8 railway has a total length of 315 kilometers, 152 kilometers have been completed by May 2020, 30 kilometers are under construction, and 125 kilometers remain to be built.
[28]
North Macedonia has two international airports, located in Skopje and Ohrid, and Skopje Airport has weekly flights to major European cities. There are no direct flights between North Macedonia and China, and transfers are required in Istanbul, Vienna and other cities.
North Macedonia's air traffic is small, affected by the epidemic, Skopje airport and Ohrid airport transported 781,000 passengers in 2020, 70.1% less than the same period last year.
[28]
Make nine-year compulsory education universal. In 2019, education accounted for 11 percent of fiscal spending and about 3.7 percent of GDP. In the 2021/2022 academic year, there are 186,649 students in primary schools (primary and junior high schools), 71,018 students in secondary schools (high schools, vocational schools), and 51,582 students in higher schools. The main universities are: Skopje University, Bitola University, Tetovo University, etc., 4556 staff.
[2]
There are hospitals, medical posts and private clinics in all towns in the Republic of North Macedonia, and pharmacies are widely available, but the medical infrastructure is generally general. Most of the citizens of Malaysia enjoy medical insurance, foreigners temporarily cannot get medical insurance, the cost of medical treatment is moderate.
The main hospitals and pharmacies in Skopje are: The City Hospital, the Clinical Hospital, the State University Hospital and the largest private Clinical hospital (Sistina Clinical Hospital), Zegin pharmacy, etc
[14]
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In 2020, it will publish 21 newspapers with a total circulation of 5.747 million.
The main newspapers are "New Macedonia", "Daily", "Evening", "Courier", etc. There are 7 publications with a total circulation of 720,000 copies. The main publications are: "Forum", "Oriental", "Macedonian Sun", "Macedonian Sports", etc.
News Agencies: National News Agency (MIA), Macedonian News Agency (MAKPRESS) and Macedonian Press Center (MIC).
TV stations: There are 43 TV stations in the country, including 1 public TV station and 42 commercial TV stations. It is broadcast in 7 languages including Macedonian and Albanian.
Radio stations: There are 62 radio stations, including 1 public radio station, 57 commercial radio stations, and 4 non-profit radio stations. Radio stations broadcast in Macedonian, Albanian, Turkish, Gypsy, Flassi, Serbian, Bulgarian and Greek.
[2]
North Macedonia has participated in the Olympic Games since 1996, due to political instability and economic sanctions imposed by neighboring countries, resulting in a relatively poor country. North Macedonia has not won an Olympic medal since 1996. The highest level of football in the country is the North Macedonian Football League First Division (formerly
The Macedonian First Division
).
The main objective of the foreign policy of the Republic of North Macedonia is to preserve the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the State. It is committed to joining the European Union and NATO, and regards the development of relations with the United States and Western European countries as a priority of diplomatic work
[1]
.
North Macedonia, 8 April 1993
"
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was admitted to the United Nations. On 11 November 1995, North Macedonia was admitted as the 38th member of the Council of Europe
[1]
. On 27 March 2020, North Macedonia officially joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
[19]
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Relations with China
On April 7, 1993, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to admit North Macedonia to the United Nations under the provisional name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. China voted in favour. On October 12, Li Zhaoxing, representative of the Chinese government and Permanent Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United Nations, and Denko Maleski, representative of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia and Permanent Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United Nations, signed a communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries at the ambassadorial level.
In July 2013, Prime Minister Gruevski of North Macedonia attended the China-CEEC Local Leaders' Meeting in China. In July 2014, Prime Minister Gruevski of North Macedonia visited China for business promotion activities. In May 2015,
Xi Jinping
In July 2018,
Li Keqiang
The Prime Minister held a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Zaev of North Macedonia on the sidelines of the 7th China-CEEC Summit in Sofia.
In 2022, the bilateral trade volume between China and Malaysia was 410 million US dollars, down 29.8% year-on-year, of which China's exports were 230 million US dollars and imports were 180 million US dollars
[16]
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China and North Macedonia are united and cooperating in the fight against COVID-19. The Chinese government, enterprises and people from all walks of life donated epidemic prevention materials to the government and people of North Macedonia. In May 2021, the Chinese military donated COVID-19 vaccines to the North Malaysian military.
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Relations with the United States
On December 3, 1993, the United States established a liaison office in Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia, and in February 1994, the United States officially recognized North Macedonia. On September 13, 1995, North Macedonia established diplomatic relations with the United States at ambassadorial level. In March 1996, the United States opened an embassy in North Macedonia. In April 2001, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell visited North Macedonia.
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Relations with Russia
On January 31, 1994, Russia established diplomatic relations with North Macedonia. In December 1996, Russia sent its first ambassador to North Macedonia. In January 1998, President Gligorov of North Macedonia visited Russia and the two sides signed a statement of friendship and cooperation
[20]
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In May and August 2021, North Macedonia twice expelled Russian diplomats and listed them as persona non grata.
On October 4, 2021, the Russian Foreign Ministry declared a diplomatic staff member of the Embassy of North Macedonia in Russia persona non grata.
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Relations with Greece
After the independence of North Macedonia, Greece considered Macedonia to be a geographical concept that included the northern part of Greece, and strongly opposed the use of "Macedonia" or its derivatives as a national name for horse. On September 13, 1995, under the auspices of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Vance, North Malaysia and Greece signed the Interim Agreement to normalize relations between the two countries at the United Nations. However, the two sides have not made substantive progress in the negotiations on the name of the North Malaysia. Bilateral economic relations have been developing normally. In February 2001, Greek Foreign Minister George Papandreou visited Malaysia. In March, Greek Defense Minister Tsohatzopoulos visited Maldives. On June 17, 2018, the DPRK and Greece signed the Final Prespa Agreement, which entered into force on February 12, 2019, resolving the issue of the name of the DPRK and Greece, establishing diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level, and upgrading the liaison offices in Skopje and Athens to embassies
[1]
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Relations with Bulgaria
On January 15, 1992, Bulgaria recognized and established diplomatic relations with North Macedonia, but did not recognize the Macedonian nation or the Macedonian language. In April 1993, President Gligorov visited the security Council. In April 2000, Defense Minister Noev visited North Malaysia. In May, President Stojanov visited North Malaysia, during which the two sides signed nine agreements including the Agreement on cooperation in the field of culture and the Joint Declaration on the Kosovo Crisis. In October, the North Malaysian Defense Minister Paunovski visited the security Council; In December, Foreign Minister Kareem visited Malaysia
[20]
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Relations with Albania
On April 26, 1993, Albania recognized North Macedonia, and on December 24, Albania and North Macedonia established diplomatic relations. In February 1994, Albanians in North Macedonia proposed the establishment of an Albanian language university, which Albania supported and asked the government of North Macedonia to meet the Albanian demands. The North Malaysia believes that the establishment of the Albanian University is contrary to the constitution of the North Malaysia, and the demand of the North Malaysia is an interference in the internal affairs of the North Malaysia, since then the relations between the North Malaysia and the UAE have stalled. In January 2000, the Prime Ministers of Albania, North Macedonia and Montenegro of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia met in North Macedonia. In June, the long wave of the Afghan Ministry of Public Security visited North Malaysia. In July, Prime Minister Gaiorgievski visited Albania.
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Relations with Serbia
North Macedonia and Serbia established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1996. In February 2015, Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vucic and Parliament Speaker Aleksandar Gojkovic visited North Macedonia respectively. In May, the Chief of the General Staff of North Macedonia, Kotski, visited Serbia. In November, Foreign Minister Poposki of North Macedonia visited Serbia
[20]
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Relations with Croatia
In February 2015, President Ivanov of North Macedonia attended the inauguration ceremony of Croatian President Kitarovic. Croatian Defense Minister Kotromanovic visits North Macedonia. In July, the President of North Macedonia, Igor Ivanov, visited Croatia
[20]
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Relations with Slovenia
In April 2015, Chief of Staff of the Slovenian General Staff Ostermann visited North Macedonia. In September, Foreign Minister Poposki of North Macedonia attended the 10th Bled Strategic Forum in Slovenia
[20]
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Relations with Montenegro
In February 2015, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro Luksic visited North Macedonia. In September, President Ivanov of North Macedonia visited Montenegro
[20]
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Relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina
In February 2015, Chief of the General Staff of North Macedonia Kotski visited Bosnia and Herzegovina. In September, Bosnia and Herzegovina Foreign Minister Zcrnadak visited North Macedonia
[20]
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Relations with the European Union
North Macedonia regards its accession to the European Union as one of the priority objectives of its foreign policy and vigorously develops relations with EU countries. In January 1996, North Malaysia established diplomatic relations with the European Union. In June, North Malaysia initialed an agreement on economic and trade cooperation with the European Union. In April 1997, the EU and North Malaysia signed an agreement on economic and trade cooperation. In April 2000, North Malaysia signed the Stability and Association Treaty with the European Union, becoming the first Balkan country to do so
[20]
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Relations with NATO
NATO membership is one of the main objectives of the DPRK's foreign policy, and in May 1998, the DPRK joined NATO's Partnership for Peace. In 1999, NATO troops were stationed in North Malaysia. In June 2018, the two sides reached an agreement to change Macedonia's name to the "Republic of North Macedonia" as a condition for Greece agreeing to join the European Union and NATO. The Parliament of North Macedonia passed a constitutional amendment on January 11, 2019, agreeing to change the name of the country in accordance with the agreement, and the Greek Parliament ratified the agreement on the 25th of the same month
[2]
. On February 6, 2019, 29 NATO member states signed the NATO accession Protocol with North Macedonia at the headquarters in Brussels. On 27 March 2020, North Macedonia officially joined
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
[19]
[21]
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Relations with Belarus
On April 8, 2022, the Government of Belarus adopted a resolution approving a list of countries that have taken unfriendly actions against Minsk. That includes North Macedonia.
[26]
The Republic of North Macedonia has more than 1,000 churches and monasteries and more than 4,200 archaeological sites. The main tourist facilities are hotels, baths, family hotels, motor camps and so on. The main tourist areas are Lake Ohrid, Struga, Lake Doylan, Laisen, Mafrovo Mountain and Lake Prespa. In 2019, tourism directly employed 20,000 people and created 100,000 jobs. The total number of tourists in 2022 is 969,000, of which 432,000 are domestic tourists and 537,000 are foreign tourists.
[2]
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Lake Ohrid
Lake Ohrid
The second largest lake in the Balkans, Ohrid means "fresh water sea of Macedonia" in Macedonian. A constructed lake on the border of North Macedonia and Albania. It is 30 kilometers long, 12 kilometers wide on average, 15 kilometers wide at the most, and covers an area of 365 square kilometers. The lake is 695 meters above sea level. The lake is deep, with a maximum depth of 286 meters. It is mainly fed by groundwater and mountain streams, and the water level changes little. Surrounded by mountains and steep shores, the lake is famous for its beautiful scenery. The lakeshore cities include Ohrid (in Macedonia) and Pogradc (in Albania)
[22]
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By Lake Ohrid
By Lake Ohrid
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Lake Prespa
Lake Prespa
Lakes in the Balkans. On the border of North Macedonia, Albania and Greece. Construct a lake. It is 23.8 kilometers long, 12.8 kilometers wide and covers an area of 285 square kilometers. The lake is 853 meters above sea level. The average depth is 20 meters, and the deepest is 54 meters on the west bank of the lake. It is mainly fed by groundwater and mountain streams. The coast is mountainous, the lake has a peninsula and a deep and narrow harbor, and the scenery is beautiful.
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Ohrid region
In 1979 and 1980, the surrounding beauty and
Ohrid
The city of Ohrid and the lake have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the only site in the northern part of Macedonia
[22]
. Ohrid is known as the "Pearl of the Balkans". It was built on a hill by the Byzantines, Slavs, Normans and Turks on top of the Greek and Roman foundations. It is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Don't miss the old part of town when visiting: Tsar Samuel's fortress; The Catholic Church of Saint Fiya, built in the 11th century, where summer concerts are held; St. Claremont Church; The Gallery of ICONS and the City Museum, which was the official residence of the Robevi family in the 10th century. The Church of St John Canno, built in the 12th century, occupies a prominent position on the promontory jutting out towards the lake. The 10th-century monastery of Saint Nham and the 12th-century church are located 37 km south of Auhrit on the border with Albania. The monastery is famous for its miraculous effect on the treatment of mental illness. In the vicinity there is a small clear lake with 200 eyes of small fountains and beautiful aquatic plants
[23]
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Castle of Calle
Castle of Calle
Located on the left bank of the Vardar River, it was built in the early 6th century and offers a panoramic view of the entire city of Skopje. The fortress was built by Justinian I to keep out the Slavs and Persians, but it was not very effective. Saint George's Day in Macedonia is celebrated on May 6 every year. People celebrate the arrival of spring. Gypsy people wear their festive costumes and sing and dance in Kale Castle and Skopje's parks, believing that Saint George can bring them a good harvest. The sun is the symbol of the Macedonian nation. The sun radiates eight rays to symbolize its protection over the Macedonians.
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St.Spas Church
St.Spas Church Built in 1826, this church was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970. The church was built underground because during the Turkish rule, churches were not allowed to be built higher than mosques. The pride of the place is a 10-metre-wide and 6-metre-high wall of the icon, carved entirely in walnut wood, which is very exquisite and was carved by the brothers Frckovski and Filipvoski, skilled artists of the early 19th century. The church courtyard leads to the Goce Delcev tomb and museum. Goce Delcev, leader of the Macedonian internal revolutionary organization IMRO and a national hero, was killed by the Turks in 1903.
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St.Pantheleimon Church
The Church of St.Pantheleimon is located at the foot of the hill where King Samuel's castle stands. In the past Ohrid was the center of the Eastern Roman Empire and the seat of Byzantine churches. Of the 360 churches in Ohrid at that time, only 23 remain today, and the Byzantine architecture shows the glory of the city for hundreds of years. The church of St.Pantheleimon is believed to have been built after the arrival of St. Clement in Ohrid, on the site of an original church, which was reportedly not satisfied with its size and was therefore rebuilt on the original basis.
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Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia is one of the most important monuments in North Macedonia, built during the Middle Ages and still well preserved. The interior of the church retains beautiful frescoes from the 11th and 13th centuries, which are the artistic masterpieces and cultural treasures of the country. These murals tell the story of a time long gone. Hagia Sophia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is protected. Previously, it was the parish of the Archdiocese of Orihd, but like Hagia Sophia and Thessaloniki in Istanbul, both were converted into mosques during the Ottoman invasion.
