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Shangsi Festival, one of the ancient Chinese festivals. Commonly known as March 3, ancient called Shangsi Festival, also called March 3, spring bath Day, Chinese Valentine's Day, daughter's Day.
[5]
According to legend, March 3 is the Yellow Emperor's birthday, the Central Plains since ancient times, "February 2, dragon head up; March 3, born Xuanyuan "saying. After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to March 3, followed by the descendants, and became a festival of drinking by the water and enjoying spring in the suburbs.
[5-6]
Shangsi Festival, which originates from a pre-Qin Dynasty activity, has certain magic and primitive religious overtone.
[7
]
Originally, it was the custom of offering sacrifices to the water God. People prayed to the water God on this day to bless the harvest and peace. After the Han Dynasty, it gradually took on the nature of entertainment, and expanded the festival activities such as winding water and spring outing.
[5]
[8-9
]
After the Tang Dynasty, the custom of "Shangsi Festival" gradually became cold, and the Song and Yuan Dynasties began to fade out.
[10
]
During the period of the Republic of China, there was still a custom of eliminating disasters on March 3 in all parts of China. Since then, the "cold food", "Qingming" and "Shangsi" three sections show a merging trend, and finally the "Shangsi" and "cold food" two sections are merged into "Qingming". Today, Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but it is still a grand and grand festival for some ethnic minority people in southwest China. In addition, Shangmi Festival is also popular in Japan, South Korea and other countries.
[11-13]
In 2006, the "Li Nationality March 3 Festival" in Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative items list.
[14]
In 2008, "She nationality March 3" in Jingning County, Zhejiang Province was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects list.
[15]
In 2011, the Buyi "March 3" of Wangmo County and Zhenfeng County in Guizhou Province was included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects list.
[16]
[20]
In 2014, Zhenyuan County in Guizhou Province, Baojing March 3rd and Zhuang March 3rd in Wuming County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects list;
17 - [18]
In the same year, the Party Committee and government of Guangxi Autonomous Region identified "Zhuang March 3" as a legal holiday in Guangxi.
[19]
- Chinese name
- Shangsi Festival
- Foreign name
- Shangsi Festival
- alias
- March 3rd , Vernal bath day , Chinese Valentine's Day , Hinamatsuri [5]
- Festival time
- The third day of the third lunar month [5]
- Festival type
- Chinese traditional festival [5]
- Endemic area
- China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam [13]
- Festival origin
- sacrifice Besides the bank bath [5]
- Festival activity
- Spring bath , Have an outing in spring , Curved water is flowing [5]
- Holiday food
- Shepherd's purse porridge, wormwood cake [5]
- Festival meaning
- Cultural inheritance
- Set time
- Pre-qin period [7 ]
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- ▪origin
- ▪flourish
- ▪decline
- ▪Status quo
- 2Another name for festival
- ▪Hinamatsuri
- ▪Chinese Valentine's Day
- 3Festival custom
- ▪Elimination by water
- ▪Stag and hen party
- ▪Sacrificial high 禖
- ▪Curved water is flowing
- ▪Go on a spring outing
- ▪Eat five eggs
- ▪Eat two things
As to the origin of Shangsi Festival, it is believed that it originated from the custom of the water. Shangsi festival can be traced back to the pre-Qin period, "The Analects of Confucius · advanced" in: "Mochun, spring clothing already, crown of five or six people, six or seven people, bathing Yu Yi, wind dance Yu, yong and return." This is the earliest recorded account of Kamsi Festival, which also confirms the formation of the Kamsi custom of fuxi by the water during this period. The weekly ritual of bathing is enshrined in the official ritual and is a mass folk festival that requires ritual sacrifices performed by witches.
[9
]
There is also a saying that Shangsi Festival originated from the magic activities of LAN Tang to ward off evil spirits to drive away evil spirits. When Lantang bathing became an exorcism, it had to be organized and led by a full-time witch. Shangsi Festival originated from the magic activity of LAN Tang to ward off evil spirits, in which orchid grass was used as a spiritual object. Orchid grass has the characteristics of the aroma of people, the ancient people in the holding of major rituals to the gods, to fast, including the use of the best way at the time - orchid soup bath. The difference is that the bath is an individual act, usually indoors and available at any time. Besides, the ritual is collective and takes place regularly along the river.
[2]
Another view is that Shangsi Festival originated from the procreation worship activities of the ancestors. As Tao Siyan pointed out, while the practice of drinking blue grass or scented herbal medicine is an act of faith in which men and women enjoy each other in spring and women pray for pregnancy, it is also an act of arousal. Water is a mysterious influencing substance, the woman Linhe not only wants to wash away the winter dirt, but also hopes to touch the water and get pregnant. This belief in the cultivation of near water, which is associated with the original religion, was the real reason for the custom of Kami Siri in March (" Custom Exploration "). It is also believed that Shangsi Festival originated from commemorating the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan. According to legend, March 3 is the Yellow Emperor's birthday, the Central Plains area has "February 2, the dragon head up; March 3, born Xuanyuan "saying.
[2-3]
Encyclopedia x mixed knowledge: Diagram on the third festival
Although the practice of elimination was prevalent in the pre-Qin and Western Han Dynasties, the specific time of elimination was not fixed and uniform. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the custom of excelsior elimination gradually came into being, and there were numerous documents on excelsior elimination such as Zhang Heng's "Ode to Nandu" and Zheng Xuan's "Zhou Li, Chunguan Zong, Witch".
[22
]
With the popularity of Kamisai waterside tradition, the festival became an occasion for the upper class to dine and drink alongside the water. By the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shangsi Festival had evolved from a magic ritual of eliminating evil spirits into a folk festival of drinking wine and entertaining emotions.
[23
]
Shangsi Festival developed and prospered in Tang Dynasty. The rulers of Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Shangsi Festival by sharing the music with the people. Every year, the emperor had a big banquet by the Qujiang River. "Tang chariot under the age of record" : "In March has given the feast of ministers, that is, in the Qujiang River, all the people, in the river first drink." Up to civil and military officials, down to the ordinary people have participated in the activities of the water, recreational activities gradually flourished. Although the festival was still held near the water at this time, there was little hint of alcohol, meetings between men and women and the ritual of gokao 禖, and the custom of outings and feasts was promoted by the rulers.
[9
]
[21
]
In the late Tang Dynasty, the state was in turmoil and wars were frequent, and the Qujiang tour Banquet was gradually neglected, and the development of Shangsi Festival lost the support of the rulers and the stable living environment. With the rise of neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu in Song Dynasty, Shangsi Festival lost its living cultural environment and began to decline. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the understanding of sacrifice and elimination became deeper and the custom of Shangsi Festival was no longer suited to the needs of the society at that time, and Shangsi Festival gradually faded out of public view. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to express the same joy with the people, carried out an outing with the minister in the festival, laying the foundation for the festival outing into the Qingming Festival.
[24
]
After the Song Dynasty, Shangsi Festival, Qingming Festival and Cold Food Festival were combined into one, and later gradually disappeared in the long river of time. However, many customs of Shangsi Festival have been preserved and continued in ethnic minority areas in the south. The Zhuang, Dong, Ian, Bai, Yi, Li, She, Buyi and other ethnic groups will still hold colorful festival activities on March 3. "March 3rd of Li Nationality" is an auspicious festival for the Li nationality in Hainan to worship ancestors, bless new life and praise love. "March 3" of Zhuang nationality is called "x Festival", where people "convey love through folk songs and love through hydrangea". It is an important festival and social activity for Zhuang nationality to choose a spouse and seek love by relying on songs. "She (sh or yu) March 3rd" is not only an important memorial day for the heroes of the She ancestors, but also a grand festival for the She people to pray for a happy and healthy life. Now, "March 3" is no longer exclusive to nobles or literati like in the Wei and Jin periods, but into the village, closely connected with daily life and emotional demands, and integrated with regional culture and national culture.
[25]
March 3 is also called Hinamatsuri Day, also known as"
Peach Flower Festival
"Is a rite of passage for ancient Han girls, generally held on this day."
Hair-pinning ceremony
". The daughters "on the spring hippie", in the water, play in the water to pick orchid, put on beautiful clothes, singing and dancing, in order to drive away evil. And women love to play by the water in spring.
[1]
The difference with the Japanese Hinamatsuri Festival, the Japanese Hinamatsuri Festival is also on March 3, also called"
Brood sacrifice
". Because the old calendar March 3 is the peach blossom season, so there is a "peach blossom festival" called, is the Sui and Tang dynasties of China into Japan, but the difference is that Japan to the young girl also holiday, mainly for a few years old little girl, China is more focused on the young girl, this day, adults began to dress up the little girl at home, all dressed up, Led by the mother to each other, wearing pomegranate flowers to ward off evil.
This is the Chinese Valentine's Day, recorded in the book
The Book of Songs
It is 1,000 years earlier than Valentine's Day in the West. After the pre-Qin Dynasty, Valentine's Day on March 3rd spread in all generations. To the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's sentence "March 3 weather is new, Chang 'an waterfront beautiful people", but also its swaying beautiful style to the height. Since the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism prevailed and the etiquette became more strict. The custom of Valentine's Day on March 3rd gradually declined in Chinese culture. The romantic love of March 3, the beautiful vision, and the elegant taste of the song water, have disappeared.
[4]
One of the main activities of Shangsi Festival is the meeting of men and women, that is, the "Valentine's Day" when men and women express their love. "
The Book of Songs
,
Zheng Feng
,
A surname
There is cloud: "Qinwei, Liuqi clear." Scholars and women are full of Yin. The woman said, "See? The scholar said, "Both." And look on? Outside of Wei, Xun Yu and happy. The Visors and the girls will mock and give them a ladle of medicine."
[1]
The Shangsi Festival bathing activity takes place on March 3, when the seasons change, Yang slowly rises and Yin qi does not completely disappear, people are prone to illness. Aromatherapy herbs are also used to bathe them, which is believed to promote health and eliminate evil spirits. The existence of Kami purification fulfills humanity's desire to pray for an heir and for good health.
[25 to 26]
The last Sumi Festival outing provides opportunities for young men and women to meet at the water's edge and exchange flowers to convey their affection. The activity of meeting men and women on the mid-spring moon of the Zhou Dynasty is recognized, especially unmarried young men and women must participate in the activities of men and women on this day. With the influence of Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism, the festival activities of men and women gradually broke away from the purpose of "yin-yang harmony", leaving only outing and play. Now the minority groups are still popular March 3 male and female song choice activities, such as Li March 3, Miao climbing, Buyi throwing hydrangea and so on.
[27]
[28
]
On the third day men and women meet
Shangsi Festival was originally a sacrificial festival, and the main festival content is to sacrifice high 禖. Gao 禖 (mei) is considered to be the god in charge of fertility and reproduction, Gao Tonggao, Gao 禖 is Gao 禖, also known as suburb 禖, because the sacrifice occurred in the outskirts of the name. 禖 also as media, the original high 禖 is a pregnant female. Ancient 禖 sacrificial ceremonies are the activities of men and women meeting and then getting children in the wild. Now there are still some places to pray for children in the form of sacrificial ceremonies. For example, ethnic minorities in the south have similar customs of worshipping high 禖, and worshipping Hua Hua Festival. Through worshipping Hua Hua, they seek courtship and fertility.
[29 and 30
]
The existing Gao 禖 temple
Shangsi Festival developed into the Wei and Jin dynasties, and gradually changed from sacrificial to entertainment. Besides, customary activities such as drinking wine and banquets by the water began to take place. After the Jin Dynasty, Qushui Shuihuang gradually developed into the folk and became a folk activity shared by the whole people. Later, because the literati officials led by Wang Xizhi increased the content of drinking and writing poems in Qushui, the group participating in the activity was actually reduced to the literati and literati class, and ordinary people were difficult to participate in it. The concept of hierarchy gradually emerged in the traditional activities of Shangsi Festival, which evolved from folk activities to refined activities of literati and scholars. As the mainstream group of folk customs, it is difficult for the lower masses to participate in the elegant activities of Shangsi Festival, and it is difficult for the upper literati to inherit the folk customs activities, so the living space of Shangsi Festival folk customs activities is gradually shrinking. After the Song Dynasty, few people recorded this custom gradually disappeared in the Qing Dynasty, and there were still activities held in the flow cup pavilion.
[30
]
Curved water flowing glass picture
According to legend, the Shangsi Festival is the day of the goddess mending the sky to create all things, and it is also the birthday of the grain fairy wheat, so this day also has the custom of outing and praying for happiness. On this day, people will go hiking, enjoy the flowers and scenery, and pray for a safe and prosperous year.
[5]
[27]
The Tang Dynasty outing banquet developed to its peak. The royal family attaches great importance to the Shangsi Festival, in this God-given banquet in Qujiang. People all over the country go out to play with wine and drink together, which has gradually become an entertaining custom. Since then, the Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties outing custom has been carried out, the Ming Dynasty "Emperor Jing scenery" in the "March Qingming Day, men and women sweep the tomb, is the day hairstick willow, travel high beam bridge, said outing." The activities of outing have been integrated into the Qingming Festival, and have been carried out before and after the Qingming Festival. At present, the rural spring outings, male and female outings and entertainment parties of ethnic minorities in the south are similar to the outing banquet of the Shangsi Festival, which develops the entertainment of the festival to the extreme. The traditional activities of Shangsi Festival developed to the later outing feast, which completely lost the content of sacrifice and witchcraft, and replaced it with ceremonial and entertaining activities.
[31
]
On the festival has the custom of eating five eggs, people in the festival first eggs, duck eggs or goose eggs cooked, dyed a variety of colors, and then eggs and dates into the water, let it float down the river; The people kept a place downstream, and whoever floated near the eggs and dates would eat them. The ancients called this activity "Qu Shui floating egg" and "Qu Shui floating date". In ancient China, the egg symbolized pregnancy, and the date homonym was early. "Fusu egg" and "Fujiang date" embodied people's wishes for a happy marriage and an early birth of a child.
[27]
Five eggs
People also eat shepherd's purse porridge and wormwood cake on March 3. Shepherd's purse porridge, March 3 is the time to eat shepherd's purse. Shepherd's purse homophonic is "gather wealth", people according to folklore, in the third day of March this day to eat shepherd's purse porridge, with the gods and wealth of the ancestors pray for fortune. It is said that people's souls are easy to be confused by the ghosts of the east and west, simple and honest villagers believe that they must eat this kind of wormwood with gamy, in order to put people's souls "ba" (sticky) live, not to be hurt. In this way, people can be healthy and not sick. Therefore, on March 3, every family will make wormwood cake to pray for good health.
[5]
Shepherd's purse gruel
Wormwood cake
Shangsi Festival, as a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, has formed ritual and custom activities, such as offering sacrifices to children, amusement by the water, men and women gathering, singing. Although people are now living on the Third Festival, but for many ethnic groups in the south, "March 3" is still the traditional festival of the nation.
[32]
[35]
|
nation
|
Another name
|
Customary activity
|
|
The Zhuang nationality
|
Song Wei Festival, Wo Bu Po, Wo Po
[25]
[32]
|
Singing, swimming fireworks, playing pole pole, playing bronze drum, throwing hydrangea, dancing bamboo pole dance, walking on stilts, touching eggs, eating colorful glutinous rice
[33-34]
|
|
The Li nationality, living in Yunnan Province
|
Fu Nianfu
|
Mountain hunting, ancestor worship, powder shooting, archery competition, men and women singing duet, dancing bamboo pole dance
[32]
|
|
Dong minority
|
Fireworks Festival
|
Grab fireworks, sing Dong opera, lion dance, bullfighting, horse fighting, singing, stepping on the hall
[32]
|
|
The Bouyei nationality, living in Yunnan Province
|
Sacrifice ground silkworm, ground silkworm meeting
|
Worship society god, mountain God, tomb sweeping, ancestor worship, wave whistle
[32]
|
|
She ethnic minority group
|
Wulfan Festival
|
Eating rice, singing, dancing, folk traditional sports competition
[33] 32 -
|
|
The Yao nationality
|
Devouring festival
|
Singing, making colorful glutinous rice, ram-baba, dancing copper encouraging hope for a good harvest
[32]
|
|
The Miao nationality
|
Flower Shooting Festival, wrestling Festival
|
Cooking five-color rice, playing lusheng, singing love songs, shooting flowers, wrestling
[32]
|
|
Kelao
|
Gelao Festival
|
Dance the Lusheng dance, duet songs, grate eggs, swing, worship ancestors and sacrifice trees
[32]
|
|
仫 (mu) the Yani
|
Children's day
|
Buy "three animals" gifts to worship the king, there are newborns to the "king of the king" reported Ding, and dividends eggs to all households to enjoy the joy
[32]
|
Many other ethnic groups also observe various "March 3rd" festivals. The "March 3rd" of the Gaoshan people in Taiwan is the "Night fishing Festival", through a series of sacrifices to pray for the annual harvest of fishing. The Korean people are carrying March 3 worship ancestors, Guangdong Province and other places Yao also on this day, "Daoshu", pray for ancestors to bless the grain harvest. The Yi people in March three gods festival, three days to do farm work, with pigs for the mountain god. There are Shui, Mulam, Maonan and other ethnic minorities also have the custom of making five-color sticky rice and glutinous rice cake, and celebrating the March Third festival. In addition, many southern nationalities have the custom of "piercing the snake's eyes" on the third day of March. Folk think snake life habits is "March 3, snake out of the mountain", therefore, many places again the first lunar month to play glutinous rice cake, every household are playing tea pan big glutinous rice cake, soaking tank medium to "March 3" when baked to eat, after eating, the snake will not come out to hurt people, so that the village people work in and out of the year, without accident.
[32]
Buyi March third cultural festival
Vietnam: Prepare various colors of glutinous rice, green glutinous rice cake made of mugwort leaves, cooked chicken, fried fish, roast pork, glutinous rice cake, taro cake, candy, shochu, juice, and incense, firecrackers, paper money, paper clothes and other sacrificial supplies to worship the grave.
[13]
Japan: Japan's March 3 developed from China's Shangmi Festival, known as the Hinamatsuri Festival, another name for "Chick Festival" or "Peach Festival". There are girls in the family, this day will be put on the exquisite workmanship and beautiful palace doll, peach blossom, diamond cake, etc., in order to bless the daughter's healthy growth and happiness. During the Edo period, Hinamatsuri was celebrated on March 3 of the lunar calendar, which was changed to March 3 of the Gregorian calendar after the Meiji Restoration. The custom of placing dolls on this day is influenced by the Japanese "doll" game and the Chinese Shangmi Festival custom. During the Heian period, there was a popular "doll" game among the children of the nobility. It was originally just a toy, and had nothing to do with holiday rituals. Influenced by the custom of "Shangsi Festival" in March in China, it has evolved into the custom of placing dolls on the Shangsi Festival today. After arriving in Japan, the dirt on the body is transferred to a "human figure" made of paper and washed away in the river, which means to drive away evil spirits and decontamination. In the Edo period, the "doll" game was combined with the custom of "Kami Festival", and the doll was no longer put into the river, but was decorated at home, and the present "Hinamatsuri Festival" was the prototype.
[36-37
]
Dolls displayed for Hinamatsuri Day in Japan
Shangsi Festival originated from the "egg-swallowing merchants" of Jandi, and the merchants actually had a very close relationship with the ancient Dongyi nation. The Shangsi Festival, which developed from the Dongyi nationality, bears the strong characteristics of the Oriental nationality. With the entry of the Shang Dynasty into the Central Plains, its culture was absorbed and integrated into the Chinese cultural circle, and gradually formed the Shangsi Festival through the mutual influence with the surrounding ethnic cultures. In the long history, the Chinese nation has gone through countless wars, migrations, marriages, trade exchanges, and various ethnic cultures have blended with each other. Especially in the period from Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang dynasties, with the continuous deepening of Han people's southern crossing and development of the southeast region, the Central Plains culture was introduced into the southern minority areas such as Yao, She and Miao along the Nanling Corridor, and the Shangsi Festival gradually integrated into the lives of all nationalities and evolved into today's grand and grand "March 3" of all nationalities. The "March 3rd" festival of the above nationalities has both the common connotation and form of begging children and offering sacrifices to ancestors, and has integrated the characteristics of various nationalities. At present, Li, Zhuang, Baojing, She, Buyi "March 3" has been included in the "National intangible cultural heritage representative project list".
[7-8
]
[38
]
After the reform and opening up, China's various ethnic policies have been further implemented, and the celebration of "March 3" festival activities is more grand. After the mid-1990s, "March 3" song Wei has become a national intangible cultural heritage, government departments attach great importance to it, and cultural departments around the country have organized "folk song competition", "throwing hydrangea", "grab fireworks" and other activities on "March 3". In Wangmo County, Guizhou Province, since 2009, China Wangmo "March 3" Bouyei Culture Festival has been vigorously held every year, focusing on displaying the national culture of the Buyei, which has become a local national cultural brand. In June 2011, the Buyi "March 3" in Wangmo County, Guizhou Province, was included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list. In 2014, "March 3rd" was listed as a legal ethnic traditional festival in Guangxi, and "Zhuang March 3rd" was included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects list; In the same year, the people's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region decided to identify "March 3" as a traditional holiday in Guangxi and have a holiday. After years of development, in accordance with the principles of "government-led, community-sponsored, mass, and cultural mainstream", Guangxi has integrated the cultural resources of the local Zhuang, Han, Miao, Yao, Dong and other ethnic groups on March 3, and held festival activities and performances on March 3, such as sweeping ancestral graves, singing folk songs, competing for fireworks, playing bronze drums, throwing embroidery balls, and playing pole poles. "March 3" has become a festival celebrated by many nationalities.
[38 and 39
]
Newspaper Beijing March 3
Shangsi Festival was originally a festival to dispel evil and seek luck, and later evolved into a festival to get close to nature and close to nature. With the passage of time, although Shangsi Festival has undergone many changes in the nature and content of the festival, different ethnic groups and different regions have colorful forms of presentation, but its festival and custom content are carried by people's attempts to express their good wishes through worshipping gods.
[32]
[38
]
[40]
From the original Shangsi Festival of the Han nationality to the distinctive "March Third" of various ethnic minorities, "March Third" shows obvious faith and entertainment, which are also two typical characteristics of traditional festivals since ancient times. Faith is mainly manifested in the fear of ancestors, the fear of social gods and mountain gods, the desire for life, and the hope for abundant crops. Entertainment is integrated into the traditional cold food and some customs of Qingming Festival, and increases the leisure and entertainment activities related to solar terms. All ethnic minorities are more integrated into their own characteristics, combined with their own history, legends and regional characteristics. A series of festival customs, such as ancestor worship, worship of gods, five-color glutinous rice, eggs, men and women's songs, reflect the common belief of all nationalities, which is the soul of the existence of the "March 3" festival, and is also an important witness of the cultural exchange and integration, convergence and diversity of various ethnic groups since ancient times.
[32]
Wang Xizhi
the
Lanting Collection Preface
It is written about a man of letters engaged in an activity. "At the beginning of late spring, there will be
Will ji Shan Yin
The orchid pavilion, also repair the water." On the third day of March, more than 40 people, including Wang Xizhi and his good friend Xie An, held a workshop in Lanting. "Lanting Preface" said: "Here there are high mountains, deep forests and bamboo, and there is a clear turbulent belt around, leading to the song of water, the second. Although there is no silk and bamboo orchestra, a glass of wine is enough to enjoy a quiet conversation." Since then, Qu Shui drink wine and compose poems, followed by later generations of scholars. Southern Liang Zonglin "Jingchu years of record" records, in Hunan and Hubei regions, every March 3, "scholars and out of the river between the pool, for the flow cup Qu water drink."
[26]
Orchid pavilion collection sequence
Orchid pavilion collection sequence
"
Analects of Confucius
In "bath Yu Yi, wind Yu dance Yu, chant and return", that is, on the custom.
Zhou Li, Chunguan, Witch
"The witch took a cleansing bath at the age of her hand." Jeong Xuan notes: "I removed it when I was a year old, and now I am on the river in March. An aggressive bath is a bath with aromatherapy herbs." There is a vivid description in Chu Ci that sacrifices to God must be fast, fast must be bathed, bathed
lantang
In the blue soup, blue grass and
deities
There was a connection. "
Later Han Dynasty
Ritual: "On the moon, the officials and the people 絜 (clean) on the east flowing water, washing to remove the stain it is 絜."
[2]
"
The rites of Zhou
"
Zheng Xuan
Note: "At the age of
eliminate
It's already March
water
On and the like." In addition, the third of March and the ninth of September
Double Ninth Festival
Corresponding, as Han
Liu Xin
"Xijing Miscella" said: "In March, September
The Double ninth Festival
"The Handmaid game was an important achievement." One in late spring, one in
Late autumn
,
Have an outing in spring
and
resign
And then the climax.
Song Shu Li Zhi II
Quoting "Han poetry" said: "Zheng's custom, in March, on the third, the Qinwei two water, the soul, Binglan grass, brush the ominous."
[40 and 41]
There are more than 200 well-documented verses about Shangsi, and only a few are listed here.
[42]
|
Title of work
|
dynasty
|
author
|
verse
|
|
The scenery on the sky is good to relax
|
The song dynasty
|
Xin Qiji
|
I haven't seen the flowers yet. Who is the bamboo with the Maolin, how many cups of water spread. 摛 Brocade, write rose. Long years of wealth and wealth make many talents. I know that it is good to have a son on this day.
[42]
|
|
Butterfly love flowers. I have called relatives
|
The song dynasty
|
Li Qingzhao
|
Long night sickly little, empty dream Chang 'an, recognize Chang 'an road. In order to report a good spring this year, the moonlight should shine. Random cups and plates are sloppy, wine plum acid, just call people embrace. Drunk flower arrangement Mo smile, poor spring like people will be old.
[42]
|
|
On the third day Xu division record forest garden banquet set
|
The tang dynasty
|
Du Fu
|
The hair on the temples is white, and the flowers are red. Lean decline years waste, recruit seek order section with. Thin clothes face water, blowing face by the breeze. If you want to stay and climb the laurel, no trouble to ask.
[42]
|
|
And slippery state Li Shangshu has recalled Jiangnan Xixiang events
|
The tang dynasty
|
Liu Yuxi
|
White horse Jin spring late, Shazhou return geese whisk banners. Liuying only military play, unlike Jiangnan in March.
[42]
|
|
I have a pregnant
|
Ming
|
Gao Qi
|
The music books on the river stay for a long time and the chariots beside the water are watered down.
[42]
|
The origin of the Shangsi Festival can be pushed to the memory of Fuxi, Fuxi and his sister Nuwa tutuan people, reproduce the descendants, the area in the east of Henan honored Fuxi as the "ancestral master", people in Huaiyang (Fuxi's capital) built Taihao Mausoleum temple, from February 2 to March 3 for the Taihao Mausoleum temple fair. Men and women of faith, North and south ships, all gathered in the cemetery area to worship ancestors. Fuxi is the originator of Chinese culture in ancient legend, the earliest king recorded in ancient Chinese books, and one of the originators of Chinese medicine. According to legend, Fuxi, with the head of the snake body, married Nu Wa brother and sister, gave birth to children, invented divination and gossip according to the changes of heaven and earth, and created words to end the history of "tying ropes to record things". He also tied ropes for nets, used to catch birds and hunt, and taught people the method of fishing and hunting, invented the song, composed. In order to commemorate Fuxi, future generations will gather together to hold activities every year on the third festival.
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According to legend, March 3 is the birthday of the Yellow Emperor, and China has had "February 2, the dragon looks up." March 3, born Xuanyuan "saying. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was born as an abnormal spirit, able to speak soon after birth, and understood the world at the age of 15. In 2697 BC, the 20-year-old Yellow Emperor succeeded the King of Youxiong. After the Yellow Emperor became the head of the clan, Xiong's power developed rapidly, and an independent Yellow Emperor tribe was formed. In the process of developing from Jishui to the east, the Huangdi tribe inherited the agricultural production experience since Shennong, developed primitive agriculture to a highly prosperous stage, and made the tribe grow rapidly. Worship Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, is the traditional ceremony of the Chinese nation. First seen in historical materials, when the Spring and Autumn period. After the Tang Dynasty, it gradually became a regulation and was passed on by later generations.
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Lunar March 3 is the birthday of Emperor Zhenwu of Taoism, Emperor Zhenwu full name "North town innocent Wu Xuan Tian Emperor", also known as Xuantian God, Xuanwu, Zhenwu Zhen Jun. Born in the ancient world of Xuanyuan, the third day of March in the Chinese calendar, is the right God in charge of military and war in Taoism. Taoist temples around the world (such as Wudang Mountain in Hubei province, Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi province, Qiyun Mountain in Anhui province, and Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan province) will hold a grand ritual on March 3, and Taoist believers will also burn incense in the temple on this day to pray for good luck, or chant sutras at home. The "Zhenwu Monument on Zhenwu Mountain" gives a concise and artistic explanation of the origin of Zhenwu Emperor, the main Zhenwu dojo in China, and the "heart of humanity" of Zhenwu "saving the disaster of the army", and explains the origin and significance of people's commemoration of Zhenwu Emperor on March 3.
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After the rise of Taoism, it is believed that the third day of March in the lunar calendar is the day of the West Queen Mother's peach meeting, and every year on this day, various gods will go to the Yao Chi to offer their birthday, and the famous "Ma Gu offer his birthday" is produced. A Beijing bamboo poem describes the pomp of the temple fair in this way: "In the beginning of March, spring is long, watching incense burning in the Peach Palace. Along the river, the wind rises slightly, and the red dust rises on the ground." Legend has it that the Queen Mother of the West was originally the protector of a primitive tribe in western China, and she had two magic weapon, one was to eat the immortal pill, and the other was to eat the immortal peach, which could prolong life. The goddess of the Moon in the legend of Chang 'e was to fly to the moon palace after stealing the immortal pill obtained by her husband Houyi. Later, in some strange novels, the West Queen Mother was said to be the god of happiness and longevity.
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