Crystal telegram

Shanghai "Crystal Daily" was founded on March 3, 1919, edited by Yu Daxiong. Shenzhou Daily "Supplement, with the" China Daily "free of charge, also sold separately. Jiaxing was widely praised after its launch, while Shenzhou Daily struggled to return, relying on the income subsidy expenses of the Shanghai Crystal Post to survive, "Every day with the Shanghai Crystal Post, sales will increase, and the days without the Shanghai Crystal Post, sales will be greatly reduced". Later, "Crystal" also solicited subscribers separately, charging two cents a month and two cents a year. ^[2] In the spring of 1927, Yu Daxiong transferred the "Shenzhou Daily" to his friend Jiang Yuquan to take over, and he fully managed the Shanghai "Crystal Daily". Shortly after Chiang took over the "Shenzhou", the publication was closed due to the matter, and the Shanghai "Crystal Daily" was officially independent, which lasted 21 years until it ceased publication in May 1940.

Shanghai "Crystal News" three days published a first issue, and founded on March 3, so named "crystal", its layout is horizontal square, divided into four editions, one and four editions outside advertisement Edition, inside the second and third editions for the text edition, the initial edition is divided into eight rows, with the old fifth character typesetting, the title of each article, the writer's original manuscript on the handwriting engraved into woodcuts, embedded in the beginning of the article. The three-day model was created Shanghai News It was the first in the history of the journal, and in the following ten years, the three-day tabloid was popular in Shanghai, "The society has a great tendency to see the tabloid", "the status of the small newspaper industry can be said to be caused by the Shanghai" Crystal ".

Shanghai Crystal News comes from informal channels, does not employ interviewers, does not rely on news agencies, its manuscripts are mostly from the hands of literati in Shanghai Ocean Field, except for novels, most of them do not pay remuneration. Editor Yu Daxiong has a wide circle of friends, known as "foot editor", and is not afraid to run around to collect manuscripts, and some people jokingly call him "to collect friends' works and mercilessly scrape the ground of officialdom".

As far as the Shanghai "Crystal Daily" is concerned, it is not willing to position itself as a "tabloid", but tries to compete with the big newspapers. Yu Daxiong determined that the purpose of running the Shanghai "Crystal" newspaper is that any major newspaper dare not publish, inconvenient to publish, disdain to publish, Shanghai "Crystal" can publish. Pointing the finger at the big newspaper has the meaning of opening up a new discourse vein and countervailing the ceremony. When someone presented him with the title of "tabloid King," Dan Weng half-jokingly objected, "The Shanghai Crystal Daily is a tabloid itself, and it is not willing to compete with its kind for the position of head of state," "If you are a head of state, you must be a head of state among major newspapers for nothing," and only one or two of the dozen scholars who wrote for the Shanghai Crystal Daily were divided into "presiding over a major newspaper, that major newspaper, and that major newspaper." It is also much higher than other major newspapers." The shortcomings of the tabloid newspaper are promoted as advantages, although it is a three-day newspaper, "still can not reach the position of the first newspaper in the country, how dare to issue it every day?" Although the length is short, "even if a small piece of paper gathered a number of celebrities to do their best to help, it still fails to get the reputation of the first tabloid newspaper in the country," correspondingly, the value of the broadsheet is greatly devalued, and the "five and six and six professional papers" are probably mostly "unimportant facts, worthless articles", "although full of several large pieces of paper," Those who teach for nothing spend their brains or fall asleep."

Shanghai "Crystal Daily" was founded by two famous main writers, one is Zhang Danxu, the other is Yuan Hanyun . Zhang created a style with witty and meaningful essays, a genre suitable for tabloid publication, and was praised at the time as "the pioneer of tabloid style, really by Dan axe." Yuan Hanyun wrote "Xin Bing Mi Yuan" long notes, describing the stories of Beiyang, and serialized the Shanghai Crystal News, which greatly increased the sales of the Shanghai Crystal News. In addition, editor Liu Xiangting is responsible for typesetting, proofreading and sample reading. In addition to Zhang Danweng and Yuan Hanyun, the more regular writers in Shanghai Crystal Daily, such as Bao Tianxiao, Qian Muchen, Wang Baoyuan, Li Hanqiu , Son ent蝯, Bi Yihong , Bu Lin Wu and others, later joined such as Liu Xiangting, Zhang Henshui , ZHOU Yuran, XIAO Jianbing, SUN Dongwu, FENG Xiaoyin, ZHANG 豂 Zi, Zhou Jinjue Feng Shuluan, etc. Write about it by chance Ye Chufen , Shao Lizi, Zhang Chaoguan, He Haiming, Xia Qifeng, Hu Jichen, Zhou Thin Juan , Tang Zhijun, Wang Zhongxian, Su Shaoqing, Yang Huaibai, Give up Let's wait. However, the authors who write on the Shanghai "Crystal" often use pseudonyms and change them frequently, which needs to be identified.

The author team of Shanghai "Crystal Daily" is actually constructed through the relationship network of Yu Daxiong, Zhang Danxu and others. Through the establishment of human network, Shanghai Jing Bao has gathered a group of cultural figures involved in various fields, including lawyers, doctors, newspaper editors, popular novelists, freelancers, princes at sea, and foreign talents, which not only ensures a rich source of manuscripts, but also makes the content of the newspaper present a diversified appearance. Therefore, Zhang Danweng compared the crystal newspaper to a pot of "any style has" a "hodgepodge". Qin Shaode The Shanghai "Crystal" is defined as a comprehensive tabloid that "integrates news, literature, knowledge and entertainment into one furnace". At the beginning, Shanghai Jing Bao focused on literature and art, and then gradually shifted its focus to social politics. In addition to being influenced by current events, its style often changes with the interests of the main writers. In 1935, Yu Daxiong divided the history of Shanghai "Crystal Daily" into four sections: the first issue, focusing on novels, dramas and flowers; In the second phase, it became a lawsuit of writing and ink; In the third period, Yuan Hanyun and Zhou Jinjue joined and paid much attention to archaeology. The fourth issue, Bi Yihong, Bao Tianxiao, Qian Jiongjiong after writing, gradually criticized current affairs.

It is difficult to verify the exact sales of the Shanghai Jing Bao, saying that it sold more than 20,000 copies per issue, and that by 1922, its sales had grown to more than 50,000 copies, which was considerable for a tabloid. However, the actual number of readers is much higher than this figure, in 1923, a Shanghai "Crystal Daily" fourth anniversary article said: "Although the newspaper has not sold 100,000 copies per issue, but it is not known whether more than 100,000 people read the newspaper." On October 6, 1923, Shanghai "Crystal" began to be promoted to Suzhou With the Shanghai newspaper in Suzhou sales of the first "News" attached to the three issues, at this time, the Shanghai "Crystal" in Shanghai sales, has "occupied the third position." Shanghai newspaper vendors in the street Shouting, "small crystal" and "old declaration" shoulder to shoulder, Shanghai "crystal" influence You can get a glimpse. Similar to other Shanghai tabloids, the majority of readers of Shanghai Crystal are middle and lower-class citizens, such as college students, ordinary employees, and shop assistants. But the influence of Shanghai "Crystal" is not limited to this, it has also been some government officials, people from all walks of life or the love of the sea, such as Wang Zhaotang , Zhang Xueliang, Ye Gongchao They all expressed concern about the Shanghai "Crystal Daily". Celebrity inscriptions are more common in Shanghai "Crystal News", November 6, 1933, to celebrate the Shanghai "Crystal News" changed into a daily magazine, Shanghai Municipality Mayor Wu Tiecheng inscribed "King of the tabloids."