Li Devan

Ridevan (1181-1226), the sacrificial ruler of the Western Xia Dynasty, Dangxiang people , Xia Shenzong The second son. He took the throne in 1223 and reigned for three years. Dry fixing In the second year (1224), Shakin reached a peace agreement. But Jindu was also surrounded by the Mongols, Jin State It's like a mud bodhisattva crossing a river. At this time, Genghis Khan had not returned to the West, and Lidewang sent emissaries to contact all Mobei departments to jointly fight against Mongolia. Upon hearing the news, Genghis Khan secretly ordered the Central Plains Han Dynasty the Direct an army Chiru Led the army to attack the Western Xia. In the autumn of that year, the armies of Boroughs conquered Yinzhou (today's Shaanxi Province) Rice fat He killed tens of thousands of Xixia troops and captured their generals Tahai Hundreds of thousands of livestock (cattle alpacas) were seized. Ridewang again changed the state policy of attaching Mongolia to resist Mongolia, but the elite troops of the Western Xia were too depleted in earlier battles to resist the Mongol army.

In 1225, Genghis Khan returned to Mongolia from the Western Regions, determined to completely destroy the Western Xia Dynasty. In the following year (1226), Genghis Khan condemned the Xixia for not sending followers to the West and for making impolite remarks. At this time, the Western Xia court against the Mongolian faction gained power, rejected the threat of the Mongolian envoy, and announced that they were ready to fight. After this, Genghis Khan led a large army to attack the Western Xia Blackwater City , station troops Sukju In the north, they plunder in all directions. Next, break the Sea of Thorns Zhucheng , march for troops Helan Mountain On the other way, the Mongol army advanced east from the Waigur border, capturing the Sha, Su, and Gan prefectures and pressing straight forward Nishiryongfu (Present Gansu Province Wuwei ), Xixia Xiliang defenders Song General force surrender. The Mongol army marched into Hequ and captured Yingli (present-day Ningxia) Centre half ) and other counties. In 1226, Li Dewang died of fear at the age of forty-six, with no posthumous title. His son Nanping King Li Fu (xian) The Last Emperor .

Following the crisis of Xia, Devan converted to the yuan in December 1223 Dry fixing . At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he immediately changed the policy of attaching Mongolia to Shenzong and tried to confront the Mongols. In February of the 2nd year of Ganding (1224), Dewang heard that Genghis Khan led the Mongol army to the Western regions and did not return, so he sent his emissaries to contact the tribes in Mobei that had not been conquered by the Mongols and entered into foreign aid to jointly fight against the Mongols. When Genghis Khan returned from the expedition to the Western Regions, he heard the news that Xia had a "different map" to Mongolia, and decided to mobilize a large army to re-expedition to the Western Xia. In May, Genghis Khan himself led his army to attack Shazhou (now Gansu Province) of Xia Dunhuang ), was attacked by the Sand State guard Think of the meaning of the spicy The stubborn resistance of the city of Sha Zhou remained for more than a month. Genghis Khan also sent troops to attack Yinzhou (now Shaanxi Mizhi border).

In September, Yinzhou was breached, tens of thousands of Xia soldiers were killed in battle, Xia General Tahai was captured, cattle and sheep materials were plundered without counting. At the critical moment of entry of the strong enemy Mongol army, Devan accepted Right Prime Minister Megumi Takahashi The proposal was submitted in October Jin Dynasty Fixed it. Thought it was backup. However, this decision was too late, after the fall of Yinzhou, Mobei had not been conquered, and the besieged Shazhou City, after the army and people held on for half a year, the cattle and llama in the city were slaughtered and eaten. Dewang had to send his emissaries to the Mongol army to surrender, and promised to "proton as a letter", and the Mongol army withdrew the army surrounding Shazhou.

In March 1225, Genghis Khan sent a minister because Devan had not fulfilled his promise to send Proton A surname To the summer state, Dewang is still undecided. Right Prime Minister Kao Ryong Hui said: "The two countries have friendship, loyalty to the Lord, he is strong and weak, the potential is difficult to back." It is advisable to choose the sage of the family, to be king, tin Vehicle flag So as to achieve happiness, I can alleviate the troubles of the state a little." Dewang dismissed this, saying: "We have repaired the Jin Yuan, the total Zhibei Enemy. Ren Zi Once bound by it, why regret pursuing it?" Privy envoy Li Yuanji also urged Dewang to be trustworthy and state the interests: "Mongolian tigers and wolves, although obedient and not disobedient, are still afraid to roar their nature." If there is no constant repetition, it is the end of the army. How can you help me when the golden situation is declining and you cannot defend yourself?" Devan still refused to listen, still refused to send the proton, and sent the Mongolian envoy back perfunctorily. Order the state, unite the gold against the Mongol.

After the Mongol envoy Botuo left, Dewang strengthened a series of measures to consolidate the state administration and allied gold against Mongolia. In June of the same year, Devang asked the State to speak out. Zhang Gongfu in the palace wrote to DeWang Chen said seven opinions to rectify the state of affairs: one day to accept the collapse to solidify people's hearts; Two days to strengthen the alliance letter to alleviate national difficulties; Three days to repair the city to keep the imperial; Four said Ming military and political practice to defend; Quintuple couplet Feng Hou To respond immediately; Six said to worship frugality to build up army reserves; Seven days to see benefits will break the enemy power. In a word, it is to strengthen national strength, unite gold and resist Mongolia. Dewang on the sparse Zhang Gongfu very appreciated, promoted him to Cheng of the Imperial history .

The job is scheduled for August three years. Sent by Devan Official official documents Li Zhonge, Ambassador of the South Court Luo Shichang , Shangshu Province Zuo Lang Zhong Li Shaoying and others went to the Jin Dynasty and concluded peace with the Jin Dynasty. The main thrust of the peace treaty was: Jin Xia was the kingdom of brothers, and the Xia Dynasty was the kingdom of Jin with brothers; Both countries used their own year titles, but the Jin did not give Xia one Year coin Let's wait. Xia Jin has since been back together. December, Devang Bachelor of Arts Li Bian The Jin Dynasty requested the resumption of mutual trading between the two sides, and after several twists and turns, the mutual trading agreement was signed. In December of that year, Dewang sent to the Jin State an envoy He Zhengdan, who had been interrupted for many years because of the Jin Xia troops.

Dewang united gold against Mongolia, to save the crisis of Xia is actually useless. Because at that time the Jin Dynasty is also in the eve of the collapse of the state, the army empty wealth of the people, still too busy, simply unable to help the summer resistance to Mongolia. Xia Chen South court Xuanhui make Luo Shichang after the Jin dynasty returned to Xia, repeatedly said to Dewang, Jin Dynasty aid is not enough to rely on Xia self-reliance. Devan then took in Genghis Khan's enemies Krebe Wang Han Son of Itaikai Sangkun (also known as Yila drink Xiangkun). Luo Shichang force remonstrance, Dewang did not listen. Luo Shichang then request to return. Shichang home Yinzhou, has been occupied by the Mongol army, had to exile Long Chau (Present Shaanxi Zhidan Knowing that the state of Xia would die, he wrote the book Xia Guoshi "20 volumes hidden at home.

In February of the fourth year of dry Ding (1226), Genghis Khan personally led 100,000 troops to enter the Xia border from the north road, and the degree of sand moraine went deep into the west of the river to break the Blackwater City. In April, the Mongols settled in for the summer Sukju (Present Gansu Province Jiuquan Hunchui Mountain in the north. In May, he dispatched Suzhou, destroyed the city, and slaughtered the army and people in the city. In June, Ganzhou was besieged, and the Mongol army recruited Summer Ganzhou The guard is too timid, Lieutenant Atchoo They killed 36 people and the Mongolian army emissaries, and led the army and people in the city to bloody resistance. The city was breached, and the others were martyred. July, Nishiryongfu (now Wuwei in Gansu Province) was captured again, and the Xia guard Orzhaze surrendered. Wherever the Mongol army went, it was overwhelming, Cities and towns Collapse, people flee, Xia is in danger. Devan was at his wits' end. Following the death of Shenzong Zunxu in May, Dewang was also worried Die of an illness . He was 46 years old. Temple name Xian Zong.

Wu Guangcheng: Dewang was not yet created, and the time was difficult. At the beginning of the mandate, read the harm of the people, the first strike; Accept loyal advice One's words , looking for a good alliance. Neighbor unyielding, by the state, can be described as capable of poison! No such as accumulation decline difficult to shake, small good Mo support, army horses full suburbs, financial exhaustion, three years in office, but to palpitate the death. Tengwen fear and country death, Jian Wen danger and body murder, know worry and not born, can also have compassion! ^[1]

" History of the Song Dynasty · Volume 486 Biography No. 245 · Foreign Countries II · Xia Guo Xia:

Bao Qing two spring, Zhuxu die, sixty-four years. Change the title of a title Mitsuaing Thirteen years. Posthumous name English emperor, temple name Shentong .

proxiamyl July, Devan die, 46 years. The change will last for four years. Temple name Xian Zong.

The son of the king of Qingping county, Nanping Wang Che, two years Ding Hai autumn, for the big Yuan, the country ^[2]