Celebrate the calendar and discuss peace

Song Bao Yuan Yuan year (1038) October, the Northern Song vassal Xiping king Won Ho (also known as the Past Xiao) declared the emperor, the kingdom name of the summer, the year name of the Heavenly ceremony Law Yanzuo, history said The Western Xia Dynasty (206 B.C.) . The following year, Emperor Renzong issued an edit depriving Yuan Hao of the official title and the surname bestowed by the Song Dynasty Determine the order of the difficult army A bounty on his head. Yuan Hao is out to attack Song, provoke Song and Summer Wars Since the first year of Kangding (1040, the law of heaven to extend the Zuo for three years) Qing calendar Two years (1042, the law of God to extend the five years) successively Battle of Mikawaguchi , The Battle of Good Mizukawa , The Battle of Dingchuan Village Defeat the Song army, capture the Song general Liu Ping , Shiyuansun , kill Ren Fu , Ge Huamin . The Song Dynasty was unable to destroy the Western Xia, and the Lord and Opinion prevailed, and the Western Xia was defeated by the Song Dynasty in further attacks Jingtai Defeat, can not achieve the goal of "in person to Wei water, according to Chang 'an".

As the militarily dominant party, Yuan Hao decided to truce and negotiate peace mainly for three reasons:

The spoils seized by the Western Xia during the Song and Xia Wars were passed in accordance with the peace treaty forum Compared with the goods gained from trade, the gains are not worth the losses. Before the nation was proclaimed emperor, The Western Xia Dynasty (206 B.C.) Every year, the Song Dynasty could get 10,000 liang of silver, 10,000 pieces of silk and 20,000 yuan of money, which was an important economic source of the Xia State. On the sidelines, Tangut people In exchange for grain, tea and other handicraft products produced in the territory, they were the necessities of life for the people of the Xia State. Today, the Song Dynasty implemented an economic blockade policy, stopped the "year gift", closed the consultation field, and prohibited the entry of green and white salt Bilateral trade Thus dealing a fatal blow to the Xia economy. In the Xia and Song Wars, although Xia won the victory, but the country also suffered a lot of casualties, as the saying goes, "wounded a thousand enemies, self-loss of 800", resulting in Yuan Hao to start the war more and more difficult to gather troops. According to the military system of the Western Xia Dynasty, the young people of various tribes engaged in production in peacetime, and everyone was a soldier in wartime, either as a regular army or engaged in miscellaneous service. A call to order, led by a tribal leader, immediately dispatched, but also to bring their own horses and provisions. After Yuan Hao declared himself emperor, he used troops against Song for years, leaving the fields uncultivated and the cattle and sheep ungrazed. Even many tribal leaders are against fighting again.

In short, due to years of war, human, material and financial losses, resulting in a serious economic crisis, The Western Xia Dynasty (206 B.C.) "Using money without giving" seriously hindered the economic and social development of the Western Xia Dynasty. In addition, due to the interruption of folk trade, the people of the Western Xia "drink no tea, expensive clothes", complaints were widespread, so that there were "ten bad" rumors among the people. ^[2-3] In addition, there was a rift between the Western Xia and the Khitan. So Xixia was willing to negotiate peace.

In the first month of the second year of Kangding (1041), Yuan Hao sent someone to the city Jingyuan Beg and, and sent to semen village Lord Gao Yande to Yanzhou, and know Yanzhou fan Zhongyan agreed to January 29 Security force . After seeing Gao Yande, Fan Zhongyan found Yuan Hao was not sincere, and no table chapter, dare not report to the Song Court, so sent Han Zhou to prison to carry his letter of persuasion, with Gao Yande to Yuan Hao there. ^{[2] [4]} In February, Yuan Hao launched a good water river battle, while letting his cronies Wild Li Wangrong Replying to Fan Zhongyan, his words were more arrogant, and Fan Zhongyan burned the letter in the face of the Western Xia emissaries, and reported a copy to the Song Court, and was demoted for fornication of the letter, and learned Yaozhou Song Renzong Yi A nationality of Pang nationality Chiyeon Prefecture. ^[5]

In the second year of Qingli (1042, the five years of the Heavenly ceremony Law Yanzuo), Pang Ji reported Yuan Hao was 唃 waiter Defeated, the wild family rebellion, and there is a drought and rat plague, there is a serious economic crisis, want to demand peace. So let the security forces know Liu Zheng Write to persuade wild Li Wang Rong, wild Li Wang rong pretend to send waves buried, begging, Mei Niang and other three people to green river county, know green river city Master Shiheng Also send subordinate Wang Song with wax book to see wild Li Wang Rong, trying to alienate Yuan Hao and wild Li Wang Rong relationship, wild Li Wang Rong reported Yuan Hao. Yuan Hao was already on guard against wild Li family, which more doubt wild Li Wang Rong, Wang Song imprisoned in the cellar, one side sent coach Li Wengui to the Song Dynasty, said Xixia national strength is weak, willing to talk. Pang Ji did not believe his words and detained Li Wengui in Qingjian City for several months. After the battle of Dingchuanzhai, the Song Court "became tired of soldiers" and had no intention of fighting again, and the Khitan envoys also said that "Yuan Hao wanted to return to the Southern Court but did not dare, if the Southern Court with excellent gifts, he should wash his heart and renew himself." So in late October, the Song Court ordered Pang Ji to recruit Yuan Hao and let Yuan Hao declare himself to Song. Pang Ji is put back Li Wengui, to Yuan Hao message "repent from the good, return to the minister, in order to rest each other's people, so the court to your Lord, courtesy will be better than before." Yuan Hao did not want to make peace by himself, see Song Fang first to and, he released Wang Song, more than a month later and sent Li Wengui with wild Li Wang Rong, wild Li Wang Ling, Wei Ming ring, lying Yu Zheng and other letters to Yanzhou, and Pang Ji to negotiate peace, but said "such as the day of the side, can stop the sky west, can be contrary to the east?" Still refused to go to the throne. However, the Song Court still allowed peace talks, so Pang Ji around the issue of "unauthorized name", repeated negotiations with the Western Xia envoy Li Wengui, but there was no break, the two sides agreed that Yuan Hao to go to the emperor's name, in order to convey his inheritance to the Song Court. ^{[3] [6]}

Qingli three years (1043, heaven grant the law of Yenzuo six years) First month, Yuan Hao school Envoy of six houses and Illinois He Cong Xu, a governor, went to the Song Dynasty with his Guest-writing and claimed to be the son of the Song emperor, that is, "male. State mud determines the state Sudden death The past Xiao wrote father Da Song Emperor ". The Song Court approved him to come to Kaifeng, and agreed to confer Yuan Hao as the Lord of the Xia State, open the forum, and provide "gifts" such as silk and tea. In April, Shao Liangzuo, a judge of the Security Army who signed the book, was sent to the Western Xia Dynasty with the title of writing Lang. ^[6] At the end of July, the Western Xia envoys Lu You Ruding, Xing She Liao Li, and Shao Liangzuo came to Kaifeng, and Song Renzong received them in the Zichendian. ^[8] Xi Xia made eleven demands, including:

The Song Dynasty ministers opposed most of Yuan Hao's requests, especially the one "to call oneself a man rather than a minister". In August, the Song Dynasty sent the Dali temple Cheng Zhang Zishi and his attendants to forbid Wang Zhenglun to go to the Western Xia. ^[8] In December, Yuan Hao sent Zhang Yanshou to the Song Dynasty. ^[10] At this time, Yuan Hao faced the Khitan threat, so he made a compromise with the Song and agreed to become a minister. Negotiations followed mainly on the amount of the annual grant. Qingli fourth year (1044), God bestows and the law continues After May, Yin Yuze and Yang Shousu were sent to the Song Dynasty to finalize the terms, and in September, Yang Shousu was sent to the Song Dynasty to submit an oath to abide by the contents of the peace agreement. Emperor Renzong of Song The oath was given on the second day of the first October, marking the conclusion of the calendar peace agreement. ^[11]

The contents of the celebration calendar and discussion are:

After the conclusion of the Qingli peace agreement, Emperor Renzong of Song sent Zhang Zishi and Zhang Shiyuan as full and deputy ambassadors in December of that year, and named Yuan Hao as the master of the Xia State, giving the "Master seal of the Xia State" stamped with gold and silver. But since then Won Ho has pursued Outside the king, inside the emperor In order to maintain the exclusive position of the emperor, he did not want to receive the Song Dynasty in front of the Xia people with guest gifts envoy He exposed his subordinate status to the Song Dynasty and blocked the envoys sent by the Song Dynasty Youzhou (Present Shaanxi Jingbian East), set up a pavilion to settle, do not let them to the Xia capital Xingqing Prefecture . ^[12]

At the same time, the Song government also decided to Security force (now Zhidan, Shaanxi) and Zhenrong's Army Anping (now Guyuan, Ningxia) were set up in two places forum Trade between the two sides was resumed, but Xixia was forbidden to sell green salt. ^[12]

Song Xia peace maintained less than 20 years, until the Song Renzong Kyayou During the year, the Western Xia invaded the border again, and the Song Dynasty stopped giving gifts. Emperor Shenzong of Song Later, Song Xia and war impermanence, Qingli and discussion often difficult to implement. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and the summer did not border, and the Qingli and the discussion existed in name only. ^[9]