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volleyball (volleyball), yes
Ball game
One of the projects,
A ball park
Rectangular, with a high net between the middle, each side of the game (six players each) occupies one side of the court, and the players use their hands to hit the ball through the net. The ball used in volleyball is used
sheepskin
Or artificial leather for the shell, rubber for the gall, the size of a football similar.
Volleyball originates from
America
1895, United States
Massachusetts
The city of Holyoke, by
Wellam G. Morgan
Invent; Volleyball was introduced to Canada from the United States around 1900. In 1905, volleyball was introduced into Cuba, Brazil, China and other countries, becoming a popular fashion sport in the Americas at that time. In 1949, the first Men's World Volleyball Championship was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
The highest level of volleyball organization is
International volleyball federation
As of September 2020, there are 222 association members belonging to five continental volleyball federations in Europe, Asia, Africa, Central and North America and the Caribbean, and South America. The Chinese Volleyball Association is a group member of the All-China Sports Federation and a national special sports association recognized by the Chinese Olympic Committee.
- Chinese name
- volleyball
- Foreign name
- Volleyball
- Representative figure
- William G. Morgan, Lang Ping, and Yuan Weimin
- Supreme body
- International volleyball federation
- Place of origin
- America
- contriver
- Wellam G. Morgan
- class
- athletics
catalogue
- 1Project history
- 2Hardware requirements
- ▪site
- ▪Net (for ball games)
- ▪The ball
- 3Competition rules
- ▪Player regulations
- ▪Technical regulation
- ▪Competition rules
- ▪Foul situation
- ▪Game break
- ▪Delay game
- ▪Hawkeye challenge
- ▪Bad behavior
- 4Major tournament
- 5Organizational structure
- 6Representative figure
Volleyball originated in the United States in 1895, originally hanging a net on the floor of the basketball court, the two teams are separated by the site, with the basketball guts as the ball, playing on the net, without making it fall to the ground. Later, W.G. Morgan, a member of the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, created the volleyball game.
In 1896, Morgan formulated the world's first volleyball competition rules, and the world's first volleyball tournament was held at Springfield Junior College in the same year. Dr. Tehalsday of Springfield Municipal College named it volleyball, which means "flying ball in the air."
Volleyball was introduced to Canada from the United States around 1900.
In 1905, volleyball was introduced into Cuba, Brazil, China and other countries, becoming a popular fashion sport in the Americas at that time.
During the First World War from 1914 to 1918, volleyball was spread and widely carried out in France, Italy, the Soviet Union, Poland and other countries, and the volleyball rules were constantly improved in the development process.
In 1912, the rules of volleyball stipulated that players from both sides had to rotate positions.
In 1917, the rule was 15 points per game, and the best of five games was played.
In 1918, a team of six players was introduced.
In 1922, each team had to hit the ball over the net no more than three times.
In 1949, the first Men's World Volleyball Championship was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
In 1952, the first Women's World Volleyball Championship was held in Moscow, the former Soviet Union.
In 1953, the Chinese Volleyball Association was established in Beijing, and in 1954, it was officially accepted as a full member of the International Volleyball Federation.
In 1964, volleyball became an official Olympic sport.
With the demand of volleyball market operation, after years of research, the International Volleyball Federation has carried out the reform of volleyball rules. Around 1998, in order to enhance its appeal, indoor volleyball began to make some rule improvements.
[1]
volleyball
Site requirement
There is a net above the center line of the court. The net is 1 meter wide and 9.50 meters long and is hung on two columns outside the site. The women's net is 2.24 meters high and the men's net is 2.43 meters high. Both ends of the net are perpendicular to the boundary line and the center line of the junction of the 5 cm wide mark belt, on the outside of each connected with a 1.80 meters long mark pole.
[2]
The circumference of the ball is 65-67 cm, the weight is 260-280 g,
The air pressure is 0.40-0.45 kg/cm2.
[13]
Field position
Players are not usually required to master all six skills: serve, pass (receive), set (lift, lift), spike, block, save, but usually specialize in one or more of them, depending on the team's tactics. The most common position assignment consists of three positions: offensive (divided into offensive and offensive)
blocker
),
Second transmitter
and
libero
(a player who plays defense). In order to effectively block the opponent's attack and bounce the ball back to the opponent's court at a steep Angle at high speed before the opponent has enough time to react, it is generally played by a tall player with good jumping ability.
Women's volleyball at the 2008 Olympics
Secondary attacker:
A secondary attacker is a player who often plays a fast break near the setter. Secondary blockers specialize in blocking because they must block fast breaks from opposing secondary blockers and need to move quickly from the middle to the sides to organize a two-man block. The secondary attacker is usually the tallest player on the team and requires good defensive skills.
Setter:
The setter's responsibility is to organize the team's attack, and they are responsible for sending the ball to the best position for the attacker to spike the ball. The setter must be able to combine various variations with the spiker to disrupt the opposing defense. Fast movement and accurate passing are essential qualities for a setter. A good lifter can string together the offensive of the whole team, and must understand the characteristics and habits of the attackers on the team, and maintain a clear mind and thinking in the game, in addition, at some times the setter must also play the role of the attacker, so in addition to practicing the ball lifting skills, the setter must also have some long ball attack ability. Therefore, the training and cultivation of an excellent setter is also quite hard, so a good setter is the soul of the whole team.
A free person:
A free man is a dedicated defensive player, responsible for receiving and spiking (saving) the ball. Usually the free man has the fastest on the team
Reaction rate
And the best one-pass technique. Since the free man does not need to attack or defend in front of the net (the rules do not allow it), a short player with good passing skills can do the job. A player who is designated a free agent during a game may not play another position. There is no limit to the number of substitutions a free person can make, but there must be an interval between substitutions
Dead ball
"And can only be substituted by the person being substituted. Substitutions must be made before the referee whistles for serve. In particular, the free agent can replace different players twice in the same game. A free agent may not enter the game before the start of each inning and must wait for the second umpire to check the starter before substituting.
Encyclopedia x Mixed knowledge: Illustrated volleyball
Encyclopedia x Mixed knowledge: Illustrated volleyball
Substitution provision
In the event of a dead ball, the coach and the captain may request a timeout or substitution from the referee.
Each pause must not exceed 30 seconds.
Each team may request two timeouts in a game.
Each team may not make more than 6 substitutions in 1 game.
[3]
(1) Serve
The server must lift the ball or withdraw the holder within 5 seconds of the first umpire's whistle and hit the ball with one hand or any part of the arm before it hits the ground. If the ball lands without touching the server, it is considered a service attempt. After a service attempt, the first umpire shall whistle in time to allow another service, and the server must send the ball within 3 seconds after the second service whistle. The server shall not step on the court area (including the end line) or the ground outside the service area when hitting the ball or taking off from the ball. After hitting the ball, you may step or land inside the court or outside the service court. One service attempt is allowed on each serve.
(2) Crossing the net
Allow a player to cross into the opponent's space under the net without interfering with the opponent's play. Allow a player to cross the center line of one foot or both feet to touch the opponent's field at the same time, part of the foot also contact the center line or placed above the center line. No part of a player's body other than his feet is allowed to touch the opposing team's field. After a break in play, players may enter the opposing court.
(3) Touch the net
The new rules make it a violation to touch the net, but it is not a violation for a player to touch the net occasionally without attempting to hit the ball. The so-called no attempt to hit the ball means that the action and the attempt to hit the ball have been completed. It is not a foul to occasionally touch the net after completing a spike or screen spike.
(4) Attacking shots
Offensive shots are all shots directed at the opponent other than serving and blocking. When the ball as a whole passes through the vertical face of the net or touches the opposing player, the offensive shot is completed. Front row players can play offensive shots on balls of any height, but they must be in their own space when they touch the ball. Backrow players are allowed to complete an offensive shot at any height of the ball in the backfield, but their feet must not step on or over the offensive line when jumping, and they can land in the front area after hitting the ball. If a backrow player completes an offensive shot in the front court area, part of the ball must be below the edge of the net when it makes contact.
(5) Blocking
Blocking refers to the action of a player close to the net and extending his hand above the net to block the opponent's ball.
The blocking action that touches the ball completes the blocking. Only front-row players are allowed to complete the block, and back-row players are not allowed to complete the block. If a backrow player blocks the ball back, it is a foul. If the ball hits your own end, it is your team's first shot. The blocking touch of the front-row player does not count as a shot for the team, so the team can hit three more shots after blocking. When blocking, a player can extend his hand or arm over the net, but it must not affect the other side's shot, and the ball should be touched after the other side's player completes the offensive shot. In a blocking motion, the ball is allowed to touch one or more blockers quickly and continuously.
(6) batting in a game
The rules state that any part of a player's body is allowed to touch the ball. But the ball must be hit, not caught or thrown, the ball can bounce in any direction, if the player violates the above rules, it is judged to be in possession of the ball.
The rules stipulate that the ball must touch different parts of the body at the same time, and if the ball touches different parts of the player's body successively, it is a combination foul. However, in a blocking action, the same player or different players in the same block are allowed to touch the ball continuously in a single action. During the team's first stroke, different parts of the player's body are allowed to continuously touch the ball in the same stroke motion. The first shot refers to receiving a serve, receiving an offensive shot, receiving a ball blocked by one's own team, and receiving a ball returned by the other team. On the team's second and third strokes, the ball is not allowed to continuously touch different parts of the body.
[4]
1. The first 4 games are played by a 25-point system. Each team can only win a game if it wins at least 25 points and exceeds the other team by 2 points.
2. The official game adopts the 3-win system of 5 sets, and the game of the decider adopts the 15-point system. After one team scores 8 points first, the two teams will exchange the court area and continue the game to the end according to the original position order.
3. In the deciding game (fifth game), score 15 points first and lead the other team by 2 points to win.
[5]
Service foul
Service fouls include the fouls when serving and the fouls after serving.
Fouls when serving:
(1) Wrong order of serving;
(2) the server steps on the court area (including the end line) or the ground outside the service area when hitting the ball or taking off from the ball;
(3) The server does not hit the ball within 5 seconds after the first umpire whistled to allow the service;
(4) The ball is not thrown or the holder is not clear to evacuate before hitting the ball;
(5) hit the ball with both hands or throw or push the ball out with one hand;
(6) Throw the ball up to serve without hitting the ball.
Foul after serving:
(1) The ball touches another member of the serving team or the ball as a whole does not pass through the vertical plane of the net from within the net area;
(2) foul ball;
(3) The ball passes the individual or collective serving cover (when serving, a player or more than two players stand or swing their arms to jump, move to cover the receiving player, and the ball sent from him or them over the air, constitutes an individual or collective serving cover foul).
Position error
Volleyball rules stipulate that when the server hits the ball, if the player on the court is not in his correct position, it constitutes a positional error foul. Any of the following situations are positional errors:
(1) When the server hits the ball, the other players on the court do not fully stand in the court;
(2) When the server hits the ball, the players on the court do not take a position according to the provisions that "at least part of one foot of each front-row player is closer to the center line than the feet of the players in the same row";
(3) When the server hits the ball, the players on the court do not take a position according to the stipulation that "at least part of one foot of each left (right) player is closer to the left (right) edge than the feet of the middle players in the same row".
A foul on a hit
In a volleyball game, any part of the player's body can touch the ball, but a player (except the blocker) hits the ball twice in a row or the ball continuously touches different parts of his body. However, in the first stroke, the player is allowed to continuously touch different parts of his body with the ball in the same stroke action.
Holding foul: volleyball players in the game, any part of the body can touch the ball, but the ball must be hit, not catch or throw, otherwise it is a holding foul.
Four hit fouls: A team touches the ball four times in a row (excluding blocking) for four hit fouls. Whether a player hits the ball actively or passively, the player hits the ball once.
Batting foul: A player who hits the ball with the support of a partner or any object in the playing field is a batting foul.
Foul by a player near the net
The fouls of players near the net include crossing the net to hit the ball, crossing the center line, touching the net and crossing the net to interfere with the other team's play. Touching the ball in the opponent's space before or during an offensive shot is a foul shot over the net. During the game, a player's entire foot, hand or any other part of the body crosses the center line and touches the opponent's field, which is a violation of crossing the center line. It is not a foul for a player to touch the net or a sign pole during the game. However, it is a foul for a player to touch the net or touch the mark pole while hitting the ball or interfering with the game. After hitting the ball, a player may touch the net post, the net rope or any other object other than the length of the net, but it shall not affect the game. During the game, the players are allowed to cross into the opposing team's space under the net without interfering with the game. It is a foul if a player who crosses the net into the opponent's space obstructs the opponent's play.
Simultaneous stroke
Players on both sides or on the same team may touch the ball at the same time. If two or more players on the same team touch the ball at the same time, it is counted as two or more shots (except blocking). After both players hit the ball on the net at the same time, if the ball falls into the court, the game shall continue, and the team that got the ball can still hit the ball three times.
Blocking foul
Blocking fouls include over the net blocking fouls, backrow players blocking fouls, blocking service fouls and blocking fouls from outside the sign pole into the opponent's space. Blocking and touching the ball in the opponent's space before or during an offensive shot is a foul for blocking. The basis for judging the pass block is the order of the ball contact time between the offensive player and the blocker. A backrow player or backrow free defender who completes a block or participates in a group that completes a block commits a foul for a backrow player. Blocking the ball from the other side is a service foul. Reaching into the opponent's space and touching the ball is a blocking foul.
Foul play by a backrow player attacking the ball
A backrow player who steps in front of the court or on the offensive line (or its extension) and puts the ball higher than the edge of the net, hits the vertical face of the net or touches the opposing blocker, commits an offensive shot foul.
[6]
Normal breaks in play are time outs and substitutions. When the game is a dead ball, before the referee whistle, the coach or the captain of the field request a break with the corresponding hand signal. One or two timeouts can be consecutive with one substitution for each side without the need for a game in between. The same team may not make successive substitutions without having gone through the course of the game, but may replace two or more players in the same substitution request. The time of a pause is 30 seconds, but in the world game, the method of technical pause is used, that is, in the game, when the score is 5 points and 10 points, it is a technical pause, the time is 1 minute, in each inning, the team has another opportunity to pause, the time is 30 seconds. During a timeout, players must leave the playing area and go to the barrier-free area near the team seat.
[7]
The actions of delaying the game are: replacement delay time; Delay the time of suspension after the referee has sounded the whistle to resume play; To request an illegal substitution, and to make a non-compliant request again in the same session; The players on the field delayed the continuation of the game. Delay of the game is the conduct of the whole team, the first delay in the same inning, shall be awarded a delay warning, and a delay penalty.
[7]
According to the rules, the basic number of challenges per team per inning is two. If the first challenge is successful, there is one more challenge left; However, if the first challenge fails, the team has no chance to challenge in the game. Each team's challenge must be made by the captain of the field to the first umpire.
[8]
Bad behaviour by team members towards referees, opposing players, spectators or fellow team members is divided into four categories according to the level of offence.
(1) Unethical behavior: participants in the game argue about the referee's judgment results, intimidate the opposing team members and other behaviors.
(2) Rude behavior: The behavior of the participant violates the moral principles and adopts uncivilized manners, and shows insulting expressions to the referee, the opposing team and the audience.
(3) Offensive behavior: using insulting language and gestures to slander referees, opposing players or spectators.
(4) Aggression: acts of attempted aggression or personal aggression against referees, opposing players or spectators.
[7]
The three major events of world volleyball are the World Championships, the World Cup and the Olympic Games. Among them, the first two are special events in the volleyball world.
The Volleyball World Championship is the highest and oldest volleyball tournament in the world. It has the largest number of teams, the longest schedule, and the most rigorous and demanding competition system. Because the gold content is very high, many traditional strong teams in the world care about the world Championship.
The Volleyball World Cup is the youngest of the three official tournaments. Since the change of competition year in 1991, it has gradually become the Olympic trials. At the same time, it also affects the rhythm of the international volleyball competition as follows: the year of the wheel, the year of the World Championship, the World Cup qualifiers, and the year of the Olympic Games.
The Olympic Games is the most famous sporting event in the world after the football World Cup. The significance of any Olympic event is different, because the Olympic Games have become a national task for many countries.
[9]
International volleyball federation
Referred to as the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB), 1947, in France, Belgium and other 14 countries of the volleyball association to meet, the creation of the International volleyball Federation, headquartered in Paris, the French Bauer Lieber as the first president, to 1985 retirement, Lieber was elected honorary president of the International Volleyball Federation for life. Rieber was succeeded by Mexican Acosta and moved the headquarters to Lausanne, Switzerland The highest decision-making body of the FIVB is the Congress, under which: Fivb Governing Council, Executive Committee, Secretariat, World League Committee, Beach Volleyball Committee, Constitution Committee, Finance Committee, Press Committee, Competition Committee, Rules Committee, Technical Committee, African Volleyball Federation, Asian Volleyball Federation, South American Volleyball Federation, North American, Central American and Caribbean Volleyball Federation, etc.
Asian volleyball federation
In 1964, the Asian Volleyball Federation was founded in Tokyo, Japan, and its first president was Yasutaka Matsudaira of Japan. The highest authority of the Asian Volleyball Federation is the Congress, which is held once every two years.
Chinese Volleyball Association
Founded in 1953, the Chinese Volleyball Association is a special association under the leadership of the All-China Sports Federation, and is a member of the International Volleyball Federation and the Asian Volleyball Federation.
[10]
Yuan Weimin
He was born in July 1939, director of the General Administration of Sports of China, and entered the Jiangsu Provincial Men's volleyball team in 1958. In 1962, he was selected to the men's national volleyball team and became the head coach of the women's national volleyball team. Led the Chinese Women's Volleyball team to win the 3rd World Cup Women's Volleyball Tournament, the 9th World Women's Volleyball Championship, and the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games. On October 13, 2007, Yuan Weimin was awarded the Outstanding Coach Award by the Volleyball Hall of Fame in the United States, becoming the second Chinese to be elected to the Volleyball Hall of Fame.
[11]
Lang Ping
He was born on December 10, 1960 in Tianjin, China. He was selected to the national Assembled Training team in 1978. From 1981 to 1984, he won the gold medal of the 3rd World Cup (the "Outstanding Athlete Award"), the gold medal of the 9th World Women's Volleyball Championship (the "MVP" of the World Women's Volleyball Championship), and the gold medal of the Women's volleyball competition at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. After retirement, he became the coach of the Chinese Women's Volleyball team and coached the National team to win the gold medal at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. In October 2002, Lang Ping was inducted into the Volleyball Hall of Fame, becoming the first Asian volleyball player to receive this honor.
[11]
It's a variation on the tactic of inserting when receiving a serve. That is, within the scope allowed by the rules, the position relationship of the players in the same row is used to hide the front attacker in the back row. In order to confuse the other side blocking, surprise the other side to attack, to achieve the purpose of sudden attack.
The backrowers move into the front row to organize the attack.
The spiker flattens the fast ball about two meters from the setter.
Playing fast ball players, pretend to snap fast ball jumping position, but do not jump off the ground, such as the opposing blocker deceived jump down, spike players then quickly jump snap half fast ball. This method of play is mainly to use the error of the other side's blocking time to achieve the purpose of breaking through the other side's blocking.
After jumping, the spiker moves his body in the air to avoid the opponent's block to spike the ball.
The spiker feigns a jumping position, so that the opposing blocker thinks that he intends to play the fast ball and jumps the block, then suddenly jumps a step to the side, and jumps the spike in the gap when no one blocks.
The spiker clings to the short flat fast ball, suddenly jumps up to the setter and clasp the half high ball.
The spiker clings close to the front and back fast ball and suddenly jumps behind the setter to hit a small curve.
Two spikers, one in front and one behind the fast ball or half high ball, form a 2-on-1, causing difficulty for the opposing block.
When blocking, the two players take an overlapping position, the front players are positioned, and the back players step and jump to the right front or left front accordingly, and try their best to form a double coordination block on the basis of correct judgment.
The player who snaps the short flat fast ball takes cover for feint, and the other player cuts straight into the jump snap half high ball from the middle; Two fast and one run. Two players in the front row simultaneously cover the fast ball, and the other player runs to the second, third or fourth position to spike the ball. Create a 2-on-1 (more on less) situation at the spike point to break through the opponent block.
A move in which a player in position 3 circles behind a player in position 2, or a player in position 2 circles around a player in position 3.
Close 2 pass players snap fast ball.
"Cross" refers to the action of two front-row players running across each other. "Cross attack" is a tactical change of fast ball screen, commonly used are "front cross", "back cross" and other cover offensive tactics.
It refers to the use of the entire space of the court to organize the joint attack of the front and back players. It can not only spike the ball by the back row players jumping off the limit line, but also organize the deep tactical attack of the near net screen, so that the attack of the front and back rows can be flexibly used.
[12]
