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The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (also known as Timor-Leste) is located in East Timor
Nusa Tenggara Islands
The eastern end of the island nation, including
Timor
East and west
North coast
the
Oecussi area
And nearby
Atauro Island
And the east end of Yaku Island. West and Indonesia
West Timor
Next to each other, south
Timor Sea
with
Australia
Look at each other,
Population 1.34 million (2024)
[19]
78% are indigenous people (Papuan and Malay or Polini mixed people), 20% are Indonesian, 2% are Chinese, the land area of 15,007 square kilometers, the country has a total of 13 regions, the capital Dili.
Timor-leste was colonized by Portugal for a long time, and after independence in 1975, it was severely damaged
Indonesia
Annex.
[1]
Independence from Indonesia was declared on 30 August 1999 and officially declared on 20 May 2002.
[1]
East Timor is
The world's least developed countries
One, most of the supplies depend on
Foreign aid
. Agriculture is also heavily used
Slash-and-burn farming
The way leads to deforestation and soil erosion and damages the local ecological environment. The development of oil and gas off East Timor's coast has greatly supplemented the government's revenues, and gas is transported by pipeline
Australia
. 2021 Timor-Leste
Gross domestic product
$1.96 billion,
Gross domestic product per capita
1,458 dollars,
Economic growth rate
4.4%.
[1]
- Chinese name
- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [1]
- Foreign name
- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [1]
- Abbreviated form
- East Timor
- continent
- Asia
- capital
- Dili [1]
- Major city
- Wake County , Baucau County , Lautern County Etc.
- National Day
- 20 May 2002 [1]
- National song
- Fatherland, Fatherland, East Timor, Our Country
- Country code
- TLS
- Official language
- Tetun , Portuguese [1]
- currency
- Be common U.S. dollar To issue national coins equal to the US dollar [1]
- Time zone
- UTC+9
- Political system
- A parliamentary republic
- National leader
- Jose Ramos-Horta [8] (President) , Xanana Gusmao [11] (Prime Minister)
- Population number
- 1.34 million [19] (Year 2024)
- Population density
- 88.7 people/km2 [6] (2020)
- Major nationality
- East Timorese natives, Indonesians
- Major religion
- Catholicism
- Land area
- 15007 km² [1]
- Total GDP
- $1.96 billion (Year 2021)
- Per capita GDP
- $1458 (Year 2021)
- International telephone area code
- 670
- International domain name abbreviation
- .tl
- Road access
- Drive on the left
- Leading institution
- National University of Timor-Leste
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- 3Natural resources
- 4Administrative division
- ▪regionalization
- ▪capital
- 5National symbol
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- 6Population nationality
- 7political
- ▪Political situation
- ▪constitution
- ▪congress
- ▪government
- ▪judiciary
- ▪Political party
- ▪dignitaries
- 8economy
- ▪industry
- ▪agriculture
- ▪Finance and finance
- ▪foreign trade
Indigenous East Timorese
On 25 April 1974, the "Armed Forces Movement" overthrew the dictatorship, and Portugal began the process of democratization and decolonization. In 1975, the Portuguese government allowed East Timor to hold a referendum and exercise national self-determination. Political differences between the Revolutionary Front for Independence of East Timor (Fretilin), the Democratic Alliance (NLD), which advocated maintaining relations with Portugal, and the Timorese People's Democratic Association (NLD), which advocated merging with Indonesia, led to a civil war. Fretilin unilaterally declared East Timor's independence on 28 November 1975, establishing the Democratic Republic of East Timor. In December of the same year, Indonesia sent troops to East Timor, and in 1976 declared East Timor the 27th province of Indonesia. In December 1975, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution calling for the withdrawal of Indonesian troops and for all countries to respect the territorial integrity of East Timor and the right of its people to self-determination. Since then, the United Nations General Assembly has considered the question of East Timor many times. In 1982, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution supporting the self-determination of the East Timorese people. From 1983 to 1998, under the good offices of the United Nations Secretary-General, Portugal and the Indonesian government conducted more than a dozen rounds of negotiations on East Timor.
East Timorese attend celebrations marking the first anniversary of their independence
In November 1999, Timor-Leste established the National Consultative Council with the character of a quasi-cabinet and quasi-legislative body; in July 2000, the first transitional Cabinet was established; in August 2001, elections for the Constituent Assembly were held; in September 15, the Constituent Assembly and the second transitional Cabinet were established; and in April 2002, presidential elections were held, in which Xanana Gusmao, leader of the Eastern Independence Movement, was elected. On 20 May 2002, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste was formally established. The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste is the first new state of this century.
The United Nations continued its support mission to Timor-Leste, consisting of military, civilian police and civilian officials, to assist the Government of Timor-Leste until May 2005. On 20 May 2005, the United Nations established a one-year follow-up mission in East Timor, the United Nations Office in East Timor (UNOTIMOR-Leste), to continue to assist the Government in its reconstruction efforts. On 24 August 2006, the United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution to send a United Nations Integrated Mission (UNMIM) to Timor-Leste for a period of six months to assist in maintaining stability in Timor-Leste and in the conduct of the 2007 presidential and parliamentary elections. On 22 February 2007, the UN Security Council decided to extend the mandate of the mission for one year to ensure the smooth conduct of social security and general elections in Timor-Leste.
On 16 April 2012, Taur Matan Ruak was elected President of Timor-Leste and Gusmao was appointed Prime Minister.
[2]
On November 11, 2022 local time, the leaders of ASEAN countries announced at the 40th and 41st ASEAN Summits that East Timor has agreed in principle to join ASEAN and become the 11th member of the organization.
[10]
[16]
On February 26, 2024, local time, the 13th WTO Ministerial Conference was held in ABU Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, and on the morning of 26, the chairman of the 13th WTO Ministerial Conference Zayudi knocked the hammer through
Comoros
And East Timor became the world
Member of WTO.
[14, 15]
East Timor is an island nation located at the easternmost point of the Nusa Tenggara Islands in Southeast Asia. It includes the Oecussi region on the eastern and western north coasts of Timor, as well as the nearby island of Atauro and the island of Yaku at the eastern end. It borders Indonesia West Timor to the west and Australia across the Timor Sea to the south. It has an area of 15,007 square kilometers and a coastline of 735 kilometers.
[1-2]
East Timor is mountainous and has coastal plains and valleys.
[2]
Most of East Timor has a tropical rainforest climate, the plains and valleys are savanna climate, the average annual temperature is 26℃, the average annual humidity is 70%-80%. The average annual precipitation is 1200-1500 mm, but regional differences are large. The northern coastal areas are dry season from May to November, and rainy season from December to May of the next year, with annual precipitation of 500-1500 mm. The southern coastal area is dry season from June to December, and rainy season from December to February and May to June, with annual precipitation of 1500-2000 mm. The annual precipitation in the central mountains is 2500-3000 mm.
[2]
[9]
The main minerals are gold, manganese, chromium, tin, copper and so on. The Timor Sea is rich in oil and natural gas resources. Up to now, 44 oil fields have been discovered, with proven oil reserves of about 187 million tons and natural gas reserves of about 700 billion cubic meters. The oil Fund was established in July 2005, and by the end of 2022, the cumulative deposit of the East Oil Fund was 17.41 billion US dollars.
[1]
East Timor has 13 districts. There are 65 counties, 443 townships and 2,236 villages under the region.
|
Serial number
|
district
|
|---|---|
|
1
|
Ainaro
|
|
2
|
Aileu
|
|
3
|
Baucau
|
|
4
|
Bobonaro
|
|
5
|
Cova-Lima
|
|
6
|
Dili
|
|
7
|
Ermera
|
|
8
|
Lautem
|
|
9
|
Liquica
|
|
10
|
Manatuto
|
|
11
|
Manufahi
|
|
12
|
Oecussi-Ambeno
|
|
13
|
Viqueque
|
Capital of East Timor
Dili
(Dili), with an area of 48.3 square kilometers, is located
Timor
The northeast coast is a deep-water port with a population of 281,000. The national political, economic and cultural center, more than 80% of the economic activities of the East are carried out here. The second largest city, Baucau, also known as Salazar, is located in the northeastern part of Timor, in a coastal valley.
[2]
Flag of East Timor
Inaugurated on May 20, 2002, the flag is rectangular in shape, with a 2:1 ratio of length to width. The flag is red, with a black equilateral triangle and a yellow equilateral triangle overlapping on the left, and a white five-pointed star on the black equilateral triangle. The red represents the East Timorese people's struggle for independence and freedom, the black triangle represents that anti-enlightenment must be defeated, the yellow triangle represents the traces of East Timor's colonial rule by Portugal, Indonesia and other countries, and the center has a small star slightly to the left, representing the light guiding independence and freedom.
Coat of arms of East Timor
Fatherland, Fatherland, East Timor, Our Country
Fatherland, fatherland, our country Timor-Leste, glory to the heroes of the liberation cause, fatherland, fatherland, our country Timor-Leste, glory to the heroes of the liberation cause, we beat back colonialism, we cry: Down with imperialism! Free land, not to be occupied, resolute and united in the battle against the enemy of the people, imperialism! Walk on the road of revolution until the final victory!
1.34 million (2022).
[1]
After the independence of Timor-Leste, Fretilin, as the largest party, formed the first government led by it and made efforts to promote judicial construction, administration, national reconciliation and economic reconstruction. However, livelihood problems have been prominent for a long time, and popular discontent has been on the rise. In 2006, after the largest riots since the founding of the country, Australia established an international stabilization force to help maintain security in East Timor. Presidential elections were held in April 2007 and Horta was elected. The first parliamentary elections were held in June, and Fretilin remained the largest party. However, the National Congress for Reconstruction Party (hereinafter referred to as "Congress Party"), formed by Xanana, formed a parliamentary majority coalition with other parties and won the right to form a cabinet. A new government was formed on 8 August and Xanana became Prime Minister. Two rounds of presidential elections were held in March and April 2012, and former National Army Commander General Luak was elected. In the second parliamentary election held in July, the Congress Party defeated Fretilin to become the largest party in parliament and formed a governing coalition with the Democratic Party and the Reform Front. A new government was formed on 8 August, and Prime Minister Xanana was re-elected. At the end of the same year, the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIET) and the International Stabilization Force (ISF) ended their missions and left Timor-Leste. Presidential elections were held in March 2017, and Fretilin President Luolo was elected as the fourth president. In the July parliamentary elections, Fretilin won 23 votes and the United Democratic Party formed a government. On 15 September, Fretilin General Secretary Alkatiri became Prime Minister. On 26 January 2018, President Luolo announced the dissolution of Parliament. On May 12, the early parliamentary election was held in East China, and the Reform and Progress Alliance formed by the Congress Party, the People's Liberation Party (hereinafter referred to as the "People's Liberation Party") and the People's Unity and Prosperity Party (hereinafter referred to as the "Prosperity Party") won 34 seats and won the right to form a cabinet. On 22 June, FNL Chairman and former President Luak became Prime Minister. In January 2020, the Alliance for Reform and Progress disintegrated and the government was reorganized. The Congress Party became the opposition party and withdrew from the government, and the FNL formed a coalition with Fretilin and the Prosperity Party to form the government and hold a majority of seats in parliament. Members of the Congress Party Cabinet resigned, and Prime Minister Luak nominated a new cabinet, which was approved by President Luolo.
The presidential election was held in April 2022, and former President Horta was elected as the fifth president of East Asia with 62.09% of the vote, and officially took office on May 20, 2022, with a term of office until May 2027.
[1]
On 22 March 2002, the Constituent Assembly of Timor-Leste adopted and promulgated the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, which stipulates that the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste is a sovereign, independent and unified democratic State under the rule of law, and that the National Assembly, the Government and the courts are the organs of state power. The President is the head of State and Supreme Commander of the Armed forces and is directly elected by the people for a five-year term, renewable once.
[1]
It's called the National Assembly. It's unicameral. Representing all citizens to exercise the right to enact laws, supervise the government and make political decisions, is directly elected by voters, a total of 65 seats, each term of five years. The first National Assembly was formed automatically by the former Constituent Assembly after independence on 20 May 2002. The sixth National Assembly was established in June 2023 under the current Speaker, Maria Fernanda Lay.
[1]
Government Buildings in East Timor
Council of State
The Council of State is the political advisory body of the President. It is chaired by the President and consists of five former presidents, the President of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister, five citizens elected by proportional representation in Parliament, and five citizens appointed by the President. Its authority is to express its views on the dissolution of the National Assembly and the Government, the declaration of war and peace, and other matters provided for in the Constitution. The meetings of the Council of State are closed to the public, and its composition and operation are regulated by law.
[1]
Safety committee
The High Council for Defence and Security is an advisory body to the President on defence, security and sovereignty matters, chaired by the President and composed of the Prime Minister, the Minister or Secretary of State for Defence, Security, Interior and Foreign Affairs, three parliamentary deputies, the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces, the Director General of the National Police, the Director General of the National Security Service and two citizens designated by the President. The committee's main mandate is to advise the President on issues such as national defense and security, and the operation of the military and police systems. The meetings of the Higher Council for National Defense and Security are not open to the public, and the composition and operation of the council are regulated by law.
[1]
The court consists of the Supreme Court, the District Court, the High Court of Administration, Taxation and Auditing, the Administrative Court of First Instance, and the Military Court. The President of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President for a four-year term. The Supreme Court has not yet been established in East China, and the Supreme Court of Appeal acts as the Court of Final Appeal to exercise the functions of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. The current President of the Supreme Court of Appeal is
De Olindo DOS Santos
(Deolindo Dos Santos).
The General Procuratorate is the highest procuratorial organ. The Attorney-General is appointed by the President for a four-year term, is accountable to the President and reports annually to the National Assembly. The current Attorney General is
Alfonso Lopez
(Alfonso Lopez).
[1]
In 2004, the Political Party Law was promulgated. The main political parties in East Timor include:
|
Party name
|
Party information
|
|---|---|
|
Congresso National de Reconstucao Timorense/National Congress of Timor Leste Re-construction (CNRT)
|
It was created by Xanana on March 27, 2007. Its membership consists mainly of former members of the National Council of Timorese Resistance, former leaders and cadres of other small and medium political parties, and followers of Xanana. We advocate reform and innovation, advocate ideological diversity, and encourage the public to participate extensively in major national decisions. We should attach importance to national economic recovery and development, promote decentralization of power, and encourage the adoption of more open and flexible economic policies. The chairman of the party is Prime Minister Xanana, and the general Secretary is Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, Tourism and Environment Minister Le Fat Fong.
|
|
Revolutionary Front for the Independence of East Timor
(Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor, or FRETILIN in Portuguese)
|
Founded on May 20, 1974, it was one of the first political parties in the East, formerly known as the Timorese Social Democratic Association (ASDT), which changed its name on September 11, 1974. The Democratic Republic of East Timor was unilaterally proclaimed on 28 November 1975. After the Indonesian occupation of East Timor on December 7 of the same year, some members went into exile, while others continued to resist at home. After the independence process was launched in 1999, Fretilin reorganized itself and put forward the proposition of restoring democracy and independence, consolidating national unity and establishing a multi-party democratic state under the rule of law, which won wide support and won the Constituent Assembly election in August 2001. The first government dominated by the party was formed in 2002, with General Secretary Alkatiri as Prime minister. The general secretary is a former prime minister
Alkatiri
The chairman of the party is former President Luolo.
|
|
Partido Demoratico/Democratic Party (PD)
|
Founded on June 10, 2001, its backbone is mostly young students and intellectuals, advocating unity and development of the country on the basis of democracy and the legal system, realizing social diversity, justice and freedom, and improving people's living standards. The chairman of the party is Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for Rural Development Affairs Sabino, and the General Secretary is Antonio de Concessan.
|
|
Partidu Libertasaun Popular/People's Liberation Party
|
Founded on December 22, 2015, the backbone is mostly a new generation of social elites with good educational background, with the purpose of "building Timor-Leste into a prosperous and secure country". The party is chaired by former Prime Minister Jiri Luak.
|
|
Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan (KHUNTO)
|
Founded on June 22, 2011, it was founded by Nemori, founder of the Timorese People's Prosperity Centre, the largest martial arts group in the East. The president of the party is Amanda Berta dos Santos, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Relief and Inclusion, and the general secretary is Jose Agostina da Silva, former Minister of Transport and Communications.
|
|
Reference materials:
[19]
|
|
Current President: Jose Ramos-Horta
Kai Rala Xanana Gusmao: Prime Minister, leader of the East Timorese independence movement, known as the "Mandela of East Timor". He joined the Revolutionary Front for Independence of East Timor in 1974. He was the first President of Timor-Leste from 2002 to 2007. He formed the National Congress for Reconstruction Party in March 2007 and became Prime Minister in August 2007 and was re-elected in August 2012. In February 2015, the Eastern Cabinet was reshuffled, and Xanana was appointed Minister of Planning and Strategic Investment and representative of the Eastern Sea Demarcation. In August 2018, he was appointed as the chief negotiator for the demarcation of the East Maritime and Land border. Quit the coalition in May 2020. In May 2023, Xanana led the National Congress for Reconstruction Party to win the sixth National Assembly election in East Timor, formed a new government in June, and became Prime Minister again in July.
[11]
Timor-leste's economic development level is backward, structural imbalance, heavily dependent on oil and gas income and foreign aid, non-oil and gas economy is mainly dominated by traditional services and agriculture. In recent years, the government of Timor-Leste has made poverty reduction and employment increase its policy priorities, gradually increased fiscal budget, expanded public expenditure, and encouraged foreign investment to drive the growth of the non-oil and gas economy.
|
Non-oil and gas gross domestic product
|
$1.833 billion (2023)
|
|
Non-oil and gas GDP per capita
|
$1,357 (2023)
|
|
Non-oil and gas economic growth rate
|
2.3% (2023)
|
|
Currency name
|
The US dollar is universal, and the national coin is issued with the equivalent value of the US dollar
|
|
Unemployment rate
|
30% (2021)
|
|
Reference materials:
[19]
|
|
East Timor has a weak industrial base, with only small processing industries in and around Dili. The main export coffee, coconut, rosewood, rubber; Coffee, rubber and rosewood are not known as the "three treasures of Timor". It mainly imports food, textiles, vehicles and other industrial products. Industrial output was $58 million in 2009, accounting for 12.8% of GDP. Mainly in printing, soap, handkerchief, textile industry. Annual power generation is 137 million KWH.
[1]
East Timor's mining industry is dominated by oil and natural gas. To increase oil and gas revenues, the Government established a petroleum Fund in July 2005 and a National Petroleum Authority in July 2008. By the end of 2020, the East Timor Petroleum Fund had rolled over to US $18.99 billion.
[9]
Fishermen cast nets in the capital Dili
In 2020, East Timor exported 1,461 tons of coffee, worth $3.92 million, a sharp decrease of 79.2% and 78.6% respectively.
[9]
In 2020, revenue will be $441 million and expenditure will be $1.681 billion. East Timor has a Central Bank (BCTL) and a National Commercial Bank (BNCTL). There are four foreign commercial banks: Caixa Geral de Depositos (CGD/BNU),
Bank Rakyat Indonesia
(BRI),
Anz Bank
(ANZ) and Indonesian bank MANDIRI. In 2015, foreign exchange reserves reached 438 million US dollars.
[1]
The Timor-Leste government actively seeks to join the WTO, encourages the development of foreign trade and strives to expand exports. The main export products are coffee, wood, rubber, coconut and other cash crops, imported fuel, grain, vehicles, mechanical and electrical equipment, etc. Imports and exports in 2022 totaled $1.305 billion, imports $933 million and exports $372 million. The main importers are Indonesia, China, Singapore, India, Vietnam, etc., and the exporting countries are Singapore, Japan, China, South Korea, Thailand, etc.
East Timor's main exports are oil (not exported through the country), coffee, etc. The top 10 categories of imports by value are refined oil products, automobiles, grain, machinery and accessories, electrical products, beverages, optical and photographic equipment, cement, steel and pharmaceuticals.
[9]
It will attract $67.65 million in foreign investment in 2020. Foreign direct investment $68.84 million in 2021 (World Bank data). The main investors are Singapore, Thailand, Portugal, Australia, the United Kingdom, South Korea, the United States, etc., concentrated in infrastructure construction, coffee cultivation, tourism and other industries.
[3]
Since its founding, foreign assistance has played an important role in maintaining economic development and political stability in Timor-Leste. Foreign aid is mainly used for the reconstruction and development of East Timor's infrastructure, transportation and warehousing, government and civil society, among others.
By the end of 2019, foreign assistance, mainly in the form of financial and grant assistance, had provided about US $2.8 billion to Timor-Leste. According to the platform's data, "Others" ranked first with $923 million, Australia second with $740 million, the Asian Development Bank third with $356 million, the Japan International Cooperation Agency fourth with $281 million, the European Union fifth with $276 million, and the United States sixth with $263 million.
[9]
The official languages of East Timor are Tetum and Portuguese. The working languages are Indonesian and English. Tetun is the lingua franca and the main national language.
[9]
About 91.4% of the inhabitants of East Timor are Roman Catholics, while Protestants account for 2.6% of the population. Muslims make up 1.7%, Hindus 0.3% and Buddhists 0.1%.
[2]
Restoration of Independence Day (Founding Day) : May 20 (; Independence referendum day: August 30; Independence Day: 28 November (commemorating the declaration of independence by the Revolutionary Front for the Independence of East Timor on 28 November 1975); Catholic holidays (e.g. Christmas, etc.)
[1]
|
date
|
Holidays and festivals
|
remark
|
|---|---|---|
|
January 1st
|
New Year
|
|
|
Varies from year to year
|
Date press
Islamic calendar
|
|
|
From March to April
|
||
|
The first of May
|
||
|
On May 20th
|
Independent recovery day
|
The anniversary of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Nations to the Provisional Government in 2002
|
|
May - June
|
||
|
The 30th of August
|
Independence referendum Day
|
Commemorating the holding of a referendum on the independence of the East under the auspices of the United Nations on 30 August 1999
|
|
November 1st
|
||
|
November 2nd
|
||
|
November 12th
|
National Youth Day
|
The anniversary of the Dili massacre in 1991
|
|
November 28th
|
Declaration Day
|
Commemoration of East Timor's unilateral declaration of independence on 28 November 1975
|
|
Varies from year to year
|
Eid al-Fitr
(Cumin Festival)
|
|
|
December 7th
|
National Heroes Day
|
The anniversary of the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975
|
|
December 8th
|
Immaculate Conception Day
|
|
|
December 25th
|
Christmas
|
In addition, the Government of Timor-Leste observed a National Day of remembrance. It's not a holiday, but you don't have to work.
|
date
|
Memorial day
|
|---|---|
|
February - March
|
|
|
From March to April
|
|
|
May - June
|
|
|
June 1st
|
International Children's Day
|
|
August 20th
|
A day in the life of the Armed Forces of National Liberation of East Timor
|
|
November 3rd
|
National Women's Day
|
|
December 10th
|
taboo
The East Timorese people have the custom of martial arts, and fistfights occur from time to time. When Chinese citizens in East China are alone and in a foreign land, they should keep calm and exercise restraint, try their best to avoid direct clashes with local people, and become the target of group violence, endangering their own safety. In case of wedding, funeral or church activities, the motorcade must stop to avoid, and must not overtake.
Folk custom
East Timorese women often bring small gifts to the hostess when they visit other people's homes and are more warmly entertained. This kind of thing belongs to the patent of women, men only when they first come to the father-in-law's home, we sit together to eat once, this is the traditional custom. However, professional women rarely wear makeup this way. They also like to wear lipstick, eyeshadow, and makeup. The East Timorese are brown people, but they say they prefer pale skin to black.
mores
In many parts of Timor-Leste, men live a very relaxed life, cutting wood, carrying water, farming, tending children are carried by women, men do only work with a machete slung at their waist, up the tree to pick coconuts to take home, and some fishermen family men are also responsible for fishing at sea. Women are used to taking on everything. There is an Australian female linguist studying the local language and culture here, and she deliberately integrates with the locals, eats and lives with the locals, speaks the local language, and works with the locals.
[3]
The East Timorese Defence Force (F-FDTL), developed from the former armed forces of the Independence movement, was formally established in February 2001, with a volunteer service system and a current strength of more than 3,000 personnel. The current commander-in-chief, Farul.
During the transition to independence in East China, the UN peacekeeping force was responsible for the defense work. After independence, the United Nations sent peacekeeping police to the east. In 2006, after widespread unrest in East Timor, Australia formed an international stabilization force to deploy to East Timor. By the end of 2012, the United Nations peacekeeping Police and the International Stabilization Force in East Timor had all left the country.
[4]
Niculobato President International Airport
East Timor has poor infrastructure. According to a 2005 report by the American company Luis Berger, Timor-Leste has 10,820 km of roads, many of which can only be accessed during the dry season. The newly built national highways are in good condition, while the regional highways are in general condition. East Timor can reach Oecussi, an enclave on the northern shore of Indonesian West Timor, and Kupang, the capital of Indonesian West Timor, by land to the west, but the roads are in poor condition.
Since 2013, Timor-Leste has used loans from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Japan to renovate part of its trunk road network (" two horizontal and three vertical "). As a strategic planning area for the oil and gas industry of East China, a high-grade highway with a total length of 155 kilometers is under construction in the southern coast, which is divided into four phases.
In July 2013, the first section (about 30 kilometers long) of the Suai-Biaso Highway project on the south coast of Timor-Leste was open to tender. In early 2015, the project was awarded to a consortium composed of China Overseas Engineering Co., Ltd. and China Railway First Bureau, with a contract value of 298 million US dollars and a construction period of 2 years. On November 17, 2018, the first phase of the expressway project was officially opened to traffic.
[9]
There are no railways in East Timor and no plans to build them.
[9]
Dili port
Dili Port is currently the only container port with general water depth conditions, only -8m at the front of the port, limited berthing capacity, narrow and long storage area at the rear, limited container storage capacity, designed throughput of the port is 100,000 TEU/ year, the current annual throughput is about 42,000 TEU, 250,000 tons of discharge, mostly imports, exports are few. At the same time, the port of Dili also serves as a passenger port, and ferries from Dili to and from Oecussi and Atauro Island stop here. At present, there are regional ports including Oecussi Wharf and Atauro Wharf for mixed use of passengers and cargo, and Weimasi Wharf, Kom Wharf and Suai Wharf are in disrepair and are only used for temporary emergency cargo, of which Kom Wharf is mainly used for fishing ports. Timor-leste does not yet have a home-feeder shipping system.
[9]
East Timor has three primary airports and five secondary airports (of which only two are in operation). Dili Airport is East Timor's only international airport, located in the northwest of the city, about a 15-minute drive from the city center. Air Timor S.A. is the only local airline operating in Timor-Leste. It was established in 2008 and currently operates flights from Dili to Indonesia, Singapore and other countries.
[9]
There are 1,275 primary schools, 81 secondary schools and 17 tertiary institutions. The National University of Timor-Leste (UNTL) reopened in November 2000 with an enrollment of 25,000 students. In 2020, there will be 2,147 university graduates from the Peace University, National University, Business School and other universities, involving economics, human rights, social sciences, public health, engineering technology, agriculture, education, philosophy and other majors. In addition, for the first time, the Business School offers master's degrees in management, accounting and business administration.
[9]
The main newspapers are:
Timor Post
The Timor Post is a Portuguese-language newspaper founded on November 8, 2002, with a daily circulation of about 2,000. The Voice of East Timor is an Indonesian and Portuguese-language newspaper with a daily circulation of about 2,000 copies. In March 2017, the government of Timor-Leste approved the establishment of the East National News Agency (Tatoli). The main source of Portuguese-language news is the Portuguese news agency LUSA (also known as the Portuguese Press Agency).
[1]
East Timor National Radio, with 90% coverage and broadcasting in Portuguese and Tetun; East Timor television, with 30 per cent coverage, broadcasting in Portuguese and Tetun; The East Timor National Liberation Army Radio, Voice of Hope, broadcasts in Tetun and Portuguese.
[1]
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Timor-Leste sent a one-athlete delegation. Maria Nadias Simone was the only player in the East Timor delegation.
East Timor participated in the Olympic Games for the first time in 2004, and participated in the London 2012 Olympic Games for a total of three times, without outstanding results and zero MEDALS.
It is listed by the United Nations as one of the world's least developed countries, where 30.3 percent of residents live on less than $2 a day. There are six hospitals in the country and health centres at the district level, which provide health services to only 60 per cent of the population. The birth rate was 2.9 per cent and the under-five mortality rate 4.4 per cent. Nearly 50% of children are malnourished, more than half of the population has no access to drinking water, and life expectancy is 69.5 years.
[3]
According to the "Health Sustainable Development Goal 2019 - Timor-Leste" released by the World Health Organization, the national recurrent health expenditure accounted for 2.4% of GDP in 2019. According to the 2020 Human Development Report released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the average life expectancy in East Timor in 2019 was 69.5 years. According to the World Bank, in 2015 there were 6 hospitals, 67 health centres, 213 health posts and 33 private clinics throughout Timor-Leste, providing health services to only 60% of the population. In 2017, the birth rate in Timor-Leste was 4.2% and the infant mortality rate was 2.2%. Seventy per cent of households nationwide have access to improved water sources (91 per cent of urban households and 61 per cent of rural households), and more than half of households nationwide have access to improved sanitation facilities (73 per cent of urban households and 42 per cent of rural households).
In December 2020, the Ministry of Health released the 2020 Timor-Leste Food Nutrition Survey report. Compared with the results of the 2013 survey, this report shows that the rate of stunting among children in Timor-Leste is 47.1%, a decrease of 8 percentage points, and the rate of severe stunting is 16.9%; The underweight rate was 32.1%, down 7 percentage points; The wasting rate was 8.6%, a decrease of 8 percentage points. While nutrition has improved overall, stunting remains above the World Health Organization's (WHO) "very high" threshold of > 30%. The vaccination rate for measles was 86.3%. In the past six months, 77.7 per cent of eligible children received vitamin A supplementation and deworming coverage was 71.4 per cent. In terms of infant and young child feeding, 63.5% of children are breastfed within one hour of birth, and 64.2% of children under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. In terms of the diversity of women's diet, 36.0% of them did not eat eggs or meat food, the proportion of sweet or salty junk food was high (71.3%), and the proportion of sugar-sweetened drinks was 86.3%. In terms of household food security, 47.3 per cent of households were classified as food secure/mildly food insecure, 37.8 per cent were moderately food insecure and 14.9 per cent were severely food insecure. The main infectious diseases prevalent in Timor-Leste are dengue fever, tuberculosis, dysentery and various parasitic diseases.
[9]
It pursues a pragmatic and balanced foreign policy, seeks extensive international assistance, and has established diplomatic relations with 122 countries. It attaches great importance to developing relations with its two big neighbors Australia and Indonesia and major countries such as China, the United States and Japan. It maintains close ties with Portugal and Portuguese-speaking countries, and is the only Asian member of the Community of Portugal. It attaches importance to regional cooperation and is a member of the "Southwest Pacific Dialogue" mechanism, the Pacific Islands Forum and the ASEAN Regional Forum. It has joined 22 international organizations and initiated the creation of the Group of Fragile States (G7+). On November 11, 2022, the 40th and 41st ASEAN Summits issued the ASEAN Leaders' Statement on East Timor's application for ASEAN membership, agreeing in principle to admit East Timor as the 11th member of ASEAN and grant East Timor observer status.
[1]
Relations with international organizations
As of 2021, it has joined 22 international organizations, of which it joined in August 2002
Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries
(8th Member), joined the United Nations on 27 September (191st Member), and
United Nations Children's Fund
,
United Nations Development Programme
,
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
,
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
, the United Nations Development Fund for Women,
United Nations Population Fund
,
World Food Programme
,
World Health Organization
He also joined the same year
World Bank
,
The International Monetary Fund
,
Asian Development Bank
,
International Criminal Court
,
International Criminal Police Organization
; Twenty international organizations have established offices in Dili. In 2010, Timor-Leste co-sponsored the creation of the Group of Fragile States (G7+), with its secretariat located in Dili.
On February 24, 2024 local time, Timor-Leste President Ramos-Horta led a delegation to the United Arab Emirates and Laos for state visits. He will attend the 13th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in ABU Dhabi on October 26. At that time, Timor-Leste will officially join the World Trade Organization.
[13]
Relations with China
After East Timor held a referendum and seceded from Indonesia in August 1999, China's exchanges with East Timor gradually increased. In September 2000, China set up an ambassadorial representative office in Dili. On May 20, 2002, East Timor declared its independence, and China established diplomatic relations with East Timor on that day. Then Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan led a Chinese government delegation to attend the independence celebration of Timor-Leste and signed a joint communique with Foreign Minister Ramos-Horta on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
[7]
Leaders of the two countries unanimously decided to elevate bilateral relations to a comprehensive cooperative partnership of good-neighborliness, mutual trust and mutual benefit, carry forward traditional friendship, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation and join hands for common development.
[4]
From January to September 2023, the bilateral trade volume of the Middle East reached 21.4615 million US dollars, of which 57,300 US dollars was imported from China. China's exports to Timor-Leste amounted to US $214,042 million.
[20]
21-25 September 2023 - Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
Kay Lala Xanana Gusmao
China to attend the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou. The two sides agreed to elevate bilateral relations to
Comprehensive strategic partnership
.
[12]
Relations with the United States
Established diplomatic relations on 20 May 2002. In August of the same year, the two countries signed an agreement on the immunity of US troops from extradition to the International Criminal Court for trial and an agreement on the "military status" of US forces in the East. In 2006, relations between the two countries further developed. In January, a delegation from the Democratic Assistance Committee of the US House of Representatives visited East China. In March, the US Millennium Challenge Account delegation visited Timor-Leste. In August, the US Navy hospital ship Mercy arrived in Timor-Leste to carry out humanitarian and civilian assistance work.
[5]
Relations with Indonesia
In July 2002, Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri was invited to attend the independence ceremony of East Timor. Relations between the two countries improved further in 2006. In February, President Xanana met with Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Bali and reached an understanding for Timor-Leste to submit a report to the United Nations on human rights in Timor-Leste. Positive progress has been made in resolving the remaining issues between the two countries. As of December 2006, the land border demarcation between East Indonesia and Indonesia was almost complete, with only 1% remaining undetermined. In December 2011, President Xanana attended the "Bali Democracy Forum" for the third consecutive time. On May 20, 2012, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono attended the inauguration ceremony of the new president of Timor-Leste and the celebration of the 10th anniversary of Timor-Leste's restoration of independence, and paid a state visit to Timor-Leste. In February 2014, Prime Minister Xanana paid an official visit to Indonesia to strengthen security and defense cooperation between the two countries.
[5]
Relations with Australia
Australia has been actively promoting the process of East Timor independence, and the East Timor Independence Movement organization has long had an office in Australia. According to Australian statistics in 2001, there were 9,386 East Timorese born in Australia and 15,375 living in Australia. The two countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 2002. Bilateral relations developed rapidly in 2006. In January, the Government of East Australia signed the Timor Sea Agreement, reaching an agreement on the distribution of revenues from oil and gas resources in the Timor Sea. In February, the two governments completed the procedures for the implementation of new oil exploitation regulations and oil production allocation contracts in the joint oil development Zone. In May, Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer paid a brief visit to Timor-Leste and met with the president, Prime Minister and foreign Minister of Timor-Leste. The two sides discussed resolving the crisis in Timor-Leste and sending an international police force to Timor-Leste for peacekeeping. In June, Australian Prime Minister John Howard paid a visit to Timor-Leste, becoming the first foreign politician to visit Timor-Leste after the formation of the new Timor-Leste government. In September, East Australia signed the United Nations Memorandum on Security in Oil Development Zones to protect oil production facilities in the Joint Oil Development Zone. In October, Timorese Prime Minister Ramos-Horta visited Australia. In December, President Xanana visited Australia.
[5]
On 6 March 2018, Australia and Australia signed the Treaty Establishing the Maritime Boundary between Australia and Timor-Leste in the Timor Sea at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
[17]
The treaty entered into force on August 30, 2019.
[18]
Relations with Portuguese-speaking countries
Timor-leste has positioned itself as a Portuguese-speaking country in Asia, and its relations with the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries and its member states are one of the priorities of Timor-Leste diplomacy. It has close relations with Portugal, the former host country, and established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2002. Bilateral relations developed smoothly in 2006. In February, Prime Minister Alkatiri paid a working visit to Portugal. In the same month, at the invitation of President Xanana, President Sampaio of Portugal visited Timor-Leste. In March, President Xanana traveled to Portugal to attend the inauguration of Portuguese President Anibal Cavaco Silva. In the same month, Portuguese Labor Minister Silva visited Timor-Leste. In September, Portuguese Interior Minister Antonio Costa visited Timor-Leste. In December, a Portuguese parliamentary delegation visited Timor-Leste. In 2006, Timorese relations with other Portuguese-speaking countries also made progress. In April, a delegation from Timor-Leste went to Angola to participate in the fifth Parliamentary Forum of Portuguese-speaking Countries. In July, a CPLP delegation arrived in Dili to assess how to help stabilize the situation and restore peace in the East.
[5]
Relations with Japan
Japan is one of the major donors to East Timor, providing assistance amounting to $220 million since 1999. Relations between the two countries further developed in 2006. In March, Prime Minister Alkatiri visited Japan and reiterated his support for Japan's bid to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council. In September, Timor-Leste's first ambassador to Japan took office.
[5]
Relations with ASEAN countries
China has established diplomatic relations with 10 ASEAN countries. Relations grew closer in 2006. In April 2006, Foreign Minister Ramos-Horta spoke to
The Philippines
Conduct working visits, attend meetings of counter-terrorism experts and deliver keynote speeches. In July, Prime Minister Ramos-Horta of Timor-Leste went to Malaysia to attend the ASEAN meeting and formally submitted Timor-Leste's application to join ASEAN. In August, Prime Minister Ramos-Horta attended the ASEAN 100 Leaders Forum in Jakarta. In September, Timorese officially established diplomatic relations with Myanmar. In December, the East Timor government signed an $80 million joint venture agreement with Thailand's KYTBW to use biogasification for power generation, the largest foreign investment in East Asia outside the oil sector.
[5]
Relations with the European Union and European countries
In January 2006,
Sweden
A delegation from the Parliamentary Committee on Cultural Affairs visited East Asia. In September, East Timor Prime Minister Ramos-Horta visited
Norse
And met with the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Norway. In October, Prime Minister Ramos-Horta visited
Vatican
. In November, a delegation from the European Parliament visited East Asia.
[5]
Relations with other countries
Timor-leste has many mountains, lakes, springs and beaches, and has certain potential for tourism development, but its tourism resources are yet to be developed. Few international flights. Apart from Dili, the implementation of tourism in other areas is lagging behind. A total of 17,879 foreign passengers arrived at East Dili International Airport in 2018.
[3]
East Timor is a country located in the east end of the island of Timor in Southeast Asia, with mountains, lakes, springs and beaches, but it has not yet been developed and has no direct international flights.
Main attractions:
Dili. Dili is the capital of East Timor, located on the northeast coast of the island of Timor, surrounded by mountains on three sides and the sea on the north. The climate is hot, the temperature is high all the year round, and it is a good deep water harbor.
Baucau. In Baucau, East Timor's second largest city, the lovely Old Town streets wind down, and at the bottom are the ruins of the Old mercado municipal, built during Portuguese rule. Historically, Baucau was East Timor's gateway to the world: it was the first (or last) stop on the hippy trail that traversed Southeast Asia in the 1970s. Since riots devastated Baucau in 1999, UN personnel have made use of its working airport.
