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Costa Rica

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Republic of Costa Rica
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The Republic of Costa Rica (La Republica de Costa Rica), also known as Costa Rica, is located in Costa Rica Latin America One of Presidential republic Country, neighbor to the north Nicaragua , Minami Yo Panama Bordering, the capital SAN Jose, the land area of 51,100 square kilometers, the population of 5,213,400 (2022), white and Indo-European hybrids accounted for 95%, blacks accounted for 3%, Indian indigenous about 0.5%, other ethnic groups accounted for 1.5%, the country is divided into seven provinces. [1]
Costa Rica Indian Place of residence. The year 1513 Spain Get under way Colonial conquest . It became part of Spain in 1564 colony . Independence was declared on 15 September 1821. [1] He joined between 1823 and 1838 Central American Federation . It was founded on 30 August 1848 republique . Declared on 17 November 1983 A permanent neutral state . According to the constitution, Costa Rica does not troops Only the police and security forces maintain internal security. It was the first country in the world without an army. [1]
Costa Rica's economy depends on agriculture and Electronic component exit. is Central America Regional economic comparison Developed country With a higher standard of living, land ownership generally expanded, and tourism Thriving and at the same time due to Central America and South America The cultural intersection of the city and its diverse cultures. It is called the "Switzerland of Central America". Costa Rica 2022 Gross domestic product $82.23 billion, Gross domestic product per capita 13,100 dollars, Gross domestic product Growth rate of 4.3%.
Chinese name
Republic of Costa Rica [1]
Foreign name
The Republic of Costa Rica [1] (English)
La República de Costa Rica [1] (in Spanish)
Abbreviated form
Costa Rica
continent
North America
capital
SAN Jose [1]
Major city
Alajuela , Puntarenas , Limon Etc. [1]
National Day
September 15, 1821
National song
" Solemn motherland, your beautiful flag " [1]
Country code
CRI
Official language
Spanish [1]
currency
Costa rican colon [1]
Time zone
UTC-6
Political system
Presidential republic
National leader
Rodrigo Chavez Robles (President)
Population number
5,213,400 (2022)
Population density
99.8 persons/km2 (2020)
Major nationality
The white race , An Indo-European , black people , Indian [1]
Major religion
Catholicism [1]
Land area
51100 km² [1]
Water area ratio
0.7%
Total GDP
$82.23 billion (2022)
Per capita GDP
$13,100 [1] (2022)
International telephone area code
506
International domain name abbreviation
.cr
Road access
Drive on the right
The national flower
Cattelan
Largest city
SAN Jose
National motto
Long live work and peace
Land area ranking
126th in the world
Leading institution
University of Costa Rica , National University

catalogue

  1. 1Historical evolution
  2. 2Geographical environment
  3. ▪Regional location
  4. ▪landform
  5. ▪Climatic characteristics
  6. 3Natural resources
  7. 4Administrative division
  8. ▪regionalization
  9. ▪capital
  10. 5National symbol
  11. ▪Country name
  12. ▪National anthem
  13. ▪flag
  14. ▪National emblem
  15. ▪The national flower
  16. ▪National bird
  1. ▪aphorism
  2. 6Population nationality
  3. 7political
  4. ▪regime
  5. ▪constitution
  6. ▪congress
  7. ▪judiciary
  8. ▪government
  9. ▪Political party
  10. ▪dignitaries
  11. 8economy
  12. ▪industry
  13. ▪agriculture
  14. ▪Service industry
  15. ▪tourism
  16. ▪finance
  1. ▪foreign trade
  2. ▪Foreign capital
  3. ▪Foreign aid
  4. 9culture
  5. ▪Language
  6. ▪religion
  7. ▪Festivals
  8. ▪custom
  9. 10Military affairs
  10. 11traffic
  11. ▪highroad
  12. ▪railway
  13. ▪Air freight
  14. ▪Water transport
  15. 12society
  16. ▪People's livelihood
  1. ▪Science and technology
  2. ▪education
  3. ▪Medical treatment
  4. ▪Physical education
  5. ▪medium
  6. ▪electricity
  7. ▪communication
  8. 13diplomacy
  9. ▪Foreign policy
  10. ▪Diplomatic relations
  11. 14travel
  12. ▪Tourism status
  13. ▪Scenic spot
  14. 15Related report

Historical evolution

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originally Indian Place of residence.
1502 C. Columbus discovered the coast of Costa Rica on his fourth voyage. Since then, there have been several invasions by Spanish colonists.
In 1563, the city of Catago was built and Costa Rica was reduced to Spain The colony, under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Guatemala. Colonial rule Under the cruel enslavement and oppression of Spanish colonists, Indian Almost wiped out, with little labor available for slavery, Spaniard They had to farm their own small plots of land to produce what they needed. Costa Rica has long suffered from poverty, ignorance and isolation. [2]
In the 1820s, the Latin American independence movement gained momentum, and Costa Rica declared its independence in 1821.
It was incorporated in 1822 Mexico The Iturvid Empire.
He joined in 1823 Central American Federation .
In 1848, the Republic of Costa Rica was established.
From 1821 to 1870, the Costa Rican government was dominated by J.R. Mora Porras and J.M. In the hands of the two Montealegre families, the economy developed greatly, especially coffee, which grew rapidly and became the main export product.
From 1855 to 1857, President Mora Porras commanded the Costa Rican Army in conjunction with other forces Central America The country is shattered. America The invasion of the adventurer W. Volcker defended the independence of Central America.
From 1870 to 1882, T. Gutierrez imposed a dictatorship that weakened the power of both families. From the 1970s, British and American capital penetrated. M.C. Keith, an American entrepreneur, contracted the Costa Rican government to build a railroad from Port Limon to SAN Jose on the east coast, and received a 99-year lease on a large tract of land to develop banana plantations.
1899, United States The United Fruit Company Took over Keith Industries. Took control railway Banana production and export, banana exports in 1913 accounted for the first in the world.
In 1917, F. Tinoco Granados staged a coup d 'etat and established a military dictatorship. Since the ouster of Tinoco Granados, successive leaders have been controlled by US monopoly capital. The workers' movement rose in the 1930s.
In 1931, the Communist Party of Costa Rica was founded (renamed the People's Vanguard Party in 1943). The party led a general strike of banana plantation workers in 1934.
From 1940 to 1948, the governments of R.A. Calderon Guardia and T. Picardo were intimidated People's democracy The movement, promoted by the People's Vanguard Party, adopted some democratic reforms.
In the 1948 general election, Social Democratic leader J.M.H. Figueres Ferrer launched a civil war, seized power, and established a governing council (see Costa Rican Civil War The People's Vanguard Party was outlawed.
In 1949, Figueres Ferrer handed over power to the elected National Alliance Party Leader O. Ulat Blanco.
In October 1951, under the leadership of Figueres Ferrer, the National Liberation Party was founded.
The PNL won four of the six general elections between 1953 and 1978. During its time in power, the party emphasized state intervention in the economy, nationalizing some industries and raising import taxes to protect them National industry Forced the United Fruit Company to raise income tax; Strengthening ties with other Latin American countries and Western Europe The relationship changed from being solely dependent on the United States, which joined in 1963 Central American common Market In the 1970s, it was established with the Soviet Union and some Eastern European countries Diplomatic relations .
In 1978, Unity party Leader R. Carasso Odio was elected president. To ease domestic tensions, he introduced measures such as tightening spending and increasing social welfare, while proposing restrictions National capital Encourage foreign and private investment.
In February 1982, PNL leader L.A. Monge Alvarez was elected president.
In February 2010, Chinchilla She became Costa Rica's first female president. [3]
On October 11, 2022, he was elected as a new member of the United Nations Human Rights Council and will take office on January 1, 2023. [15]

Geographical environment

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Regional location

Costa Rica is located in Central American isthmus , belong to North America . East approach Caribbean Sea (coastline length 212 km), west of the Pacific Ocean (coastline length 1016 km), north Nicaragua (Border length 309 km), southeast and Panama Contiguous (the border is 639 km long). Costa Rica has an area of 51,100 square kilometers, including 50,660 square kilometers of territory and 440 square kilometers of territorial waters. [16]
Costa Rica

landform

The topography of Costa Rica is: the coast is plain, and the center is cut off by rugged mountains. The country has declared its exclusive economic zone to be 200 nautical miles and territorial waters to be 12 nautical miles. The climate is tropical and subtropical, and some of it is neotropical. [2]

Climatic characteristics

Costa Rica has a tropical and subtropical climate, with a rainy season (April to December) and a dry season (late December to April). The Central Valley region has a pleasant climate with spring all year round, and the average annual temperature in the capital San Jose is 15 ° C and 26 ° C. The surrounding tropical plains have a hot climate, with an average night temperature of 21 ° C and a daily average temperature of 30 ° C in the Caribbean. [1]

Natural resources

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Costa Rica covers only 0.03% of the world's total land area, but is home to nearly 5% of the world's species, making it one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world. Nearly 30 percent of China's territory is national parks or nature reserves, including 27 national parks, 58 wildlife reserves, 32 natural and cultural reserves, 15 wetland reserves, 11 forest reserves and eight biological reserves. The forest coverage rate of the country is 52.38%.
Mineral resources are iron, manganese, mercury, bauxite, gold, silver, etc., of which bauxite, iron, coal reserves of 150 million tons, 400 million tons and 50 million tons respectively. The gold mines are mainly located in the central Gold belt area of the Tilaran Cordillera in the northwest. Calcium carbonate ore is distributed in the northwest, the grade is high, and the purity of calcium carbonate extracted from limestone can reach 99.5%. The government attaches great importance to environmental protection, and the exploitation of natural resources is strictly restricted.
Oil is completely dependent on imports, mainly from the United States, and is the monopoly of the National Oil Company (RECOPE). Since 2012, Colombia's national oil company has suspended crude oil refining and production due to aging facilities, and all fuel oil relies on imports. In 2020, about 17 million barrels of oil will be imported, with imports amounting to about $834 million. [1]

Administrative division

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regionalization

The country is divided into seven provinces: SAN Jose, Heredia, Puntarenas, Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaster and Limon, with 82 counties and 421 townships. The province is a geographical division concept and is not an administrative body. [16]

capital

SAN Jose (San Jose), an area of 4,966 square kilometers, population 1.63 million. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 21-27 °C, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 9-26 °C.

National symbol

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Country name

The Republic of Costa Rica; The Republic of Costa Rica; Spanish: La Republica de Costa Rica for short. It means "rich coast" in Spanish. Originally populated by a small number of Indians, Costa Rica became a Spanish colony in 1564, declared independence on September 15, 1821, joined the Confederation of Central America in 1823, and withdrew in 1838 Central American Federation The Republic was established on August 30, 1848, and in 1948 the army was abolished and a public armed force (Fuerza Publica) was established, claiming to be the first country in the world to abolish its army. Costa Rica is politically stable, committed to building a sound democratic system, developing the national economy, attaching importance to environmental protection and education, and is the country with the highest overall level of development in Central America. [4]

National anthem

National Anthem of the Republic of Costa Rica
The Great motherland, your beautiful flag, show us your life. Under the clear blue sky, a pure glorious peace springs up. Through the tenacious struggle of hard work, everyone's face is flushed. Your descendants, the simple peasants, have won eternal prestige, honor, and respect. Salute the earth, salute the loving mother. If any attempt is made to dishonor you, your strong people will be brave. Can turn simple farm tools into weapons. Long live the motherland, your rich land, forever sustains our life, under the clear blue sky, everyone works and enjoys peace forever.

flag

Flag of Costa Rica Inaugurated on November 27, 1906, the flag is rectangular in shape, with a length to width ratio of about 5:3. From top to bottom, the flag is composed of five parallel wide strips connected by blue, white, red, white and blue. The red strip is twice as wide as the blue and white. The blue and white colors come from the original flag of the Central American Federation, and the red part was added when the republic was established in 1848. Blue represents sky, opportunity, idealism and perseverance. Red represents passion and the blood shed for independence; White represents peace, wisdom and happiness. On the left side of the red part, the national emblem is the government flag, and the ratio of the government flag is 2:3.

National emblem

Emblem of Costa Rica
Emblem of Costa Rica It was inaugurated in 1848 and partially modified on May 5, 1998. At the top of the national emblem, a blue ribbon with the word "Central America" flies, expressing Costa Ricans' remembrance of the original federation; Below is a white sash with green foliage bearing the name of the Republic. The corn kernels on both sides of the national emblem are round and golden, indicating that the agriculture of this plateau country is mainly corn cultivation. Three red-brown volcanic peaks represent the Balba, Ilazu and Boaz mountains between the Pacific and the Caribbean, and the green plateaus below the slopes are full of flowers, home to three-quarters of Costa Rica's coffee-producing population. The seven white stars in the blue sky represent the seven existing provinces of Costa Rica. With an old white sailboat in the Caribbean Sea and an old white sailboat in the Pacific Ocean behind the mountains, the dynamic sailing evokes Costa Rica's thriving maritime trade. The morning sun is rising slowly on the sea, and the dawn of a new century is shining the bright future of this country. [5]

The national flower

Catellan
Cateleland - (orchid family) Cateleland is a horticultural hybrid, one of the most famous orchids in the world. bulblet It is clav-shaped or cylindrical, with 1 ~ 3 leaves at the top; Leaves thick and hard, midvein concave; Single or several flowers, born on the tip of the false bulb, large and beautiful flowers, bright and rich in color. Native to tropical America, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and other countries The national flower . There are more than thousands of varieties. The colors are white, yellow, green, red purple and so on. Propagation is done by branching, tissue culture or sterile seeding. Sex likes warmth, humidity and plenty of light. Usually use Fern root , lichen Potted plants such as tree bark pieces. The growth period requires high air humidity, proper fertilization and ventilation. [1]

National bird

mudthrush

aphorism

Costa Rican national bird mud thrush
Long live Work and peace (Vivan siempre el trabajo y la paz, Spanish)

Population nationality

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The population is 5,213,400 (2022). It is mainly concentrated in SAN Jose, Alajuela and other cities. Chinese make up about 1.5% of the population and are mainly found in the provinces of SAN Jose, Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Limon and others. The capital city of SAN Jose has a population of 1,661,500. In 2020, Costa Rica has a workforce of 2.44 million people. In 2022, the population is 5,213,400. [1]
Costa Rica is a country with no distinct ethnic color, its nationals are mainly of Spanish, German, Polish, Italian and Jewish descent, with a small number of Indians and a narrow range of living communities. White and Indo-European people make up 95%, black people 3%, Native Indians 0.5%, and other ethnic groups about 1.5%. Chinese came to Costa Rica in the 19th century, mostly as road workers, and now mainly engaged in catering, retail and other industries. Up to now, the number of overseas Chinese in Costa Rica is about 50,000. [16]

political

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regime

Costa Rica has a separation of legislative, judicial and executive powers Presidential republic . [4]
In April 2022, Chavez, the candidate of the Democratic Social Progress Party, was elected as the 49th president of Colombia, and took office on May 8.

constitution

The current Constitution came into force on 7 November 1949. According to the Constitution, the country is a republic with separate legislative, judicial and executive powers. The General Audit Office and the Supreme Electoral Court are independent bodies. The President shall be the Head of State and the Head of Government and may run for re-election in alternate terms; The President and Vice President are directly elected for a four-year term; In the absence of the President, the first Vice President, the second Vice president, and the Speaker of the House take over. [4]

congress

The Legislative Assembly, unicameral, is the highest legislative body in the country, consisting of 57 members. Members of Parliament are directly elected by the electorate for a four-year term and cannot be re-elected. The current legislative Assembly will be formed in May 2022 with 10 seats from the ruling Democratic Social Progressive Party, 19 seats from the National Liberation Party, 9 seats from the Christian Social Unity Party, 7 seats from the New Republic Party, 6 seats from the Progressive Liberal Party and 6 seats from the Broad Front Party. The current president is Rodrigo Arias Sanchez of the PNL, who took office in May 2023 for a one-year term. [1]

judiciary

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body, consisting of 22 judges who serve eight-year terms. Upon expiration of his term of office, he may be re-elected automatically without the objection of two-thirds of the members of the Parliament. The First, second and third courts are composed of five judges each, and the fourth (Constitutional Court) is composed of seven judges. Local courts are divided into provincial, county and district courts. President of the Supreme Court Orlando Aguirre Gomez, elected in September 2022. [16]

government

The current government will be formed in May 2022. The main members are: First Vice President Stefan BrunnerNeibig, Second Vice President Marie Muniwe Ankhmuriel (female), NataliaDiazQuintana (female), Minister of the Presidency, ArnoldoAndreTinoco, Minister of Foreign and Religious Affairs, Finance Minister Noki Acosta Jaen, Foreign Trade Minister ManuelTovarRivera, Interior, Police and Public Security Minister MarioZamoraCordero, FranciscoGamboaSoto, Minister of Economy, Industry and Trade; LauraFernandezDelgado, Minister of Planning and Economic Policy; Minister of Public Health, who is also the Second Vice President; Technology and telecommunications minister Paula bo okada, zamora (PaulaBogantesZamora, female), public education minister Anna Katherine, jose castro (AnnaKatharinnaMullerCastro, female), Housing Minister Anhela MataMontero (female), Environment and Energy Minister Frans TattenbachCapra, Minister of Public Works and Transportation LuisAmadorJimenez, Minister of Labor and Social Security Andres Romero Rodriguez, Nauribe Guadamus Rosales, Minister of Culture and Youth; VictorCarvajalPorras, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock; The Minister of Fisheries, HeinerMendezBarrientos, the Minister of Justice and Peace, Gerard CamposValverde, WilliamRodriguezLopez, Minister of Tourism (WilliamRodriguezLopez), Yoraine Leon Marchena, Minister of Human Development and Social Integration (female), JorgeRodriguezVives, Minister of Communication and Liaison; Ronel Mora Ruiz, Minister of Sports; CindyQuesadaHernandez, Minister of Women's Rights; Female). [1] [18]

Political party

The main political parties:
(1) democratic society party (PartidoProgresoSocialDemocratico) : the ruling party. Established in May 2018. In 2022 the party came to power for the first time. Party president Ruth Alpisa Loaiza (Luzalpiza Loaiza).
(2) National Liberation Party (PartidodeLiberacionNacional) : the largest political party in Colombia, the opposition. It was established in April 1952. He was elected nine times. Party president RicardoSanchoChavarria.
(3), the Christian social solidarity (PartidoUnidadSocialCristiana) : by the Democratic Party in December 1983, the national republican party, the Christian Democrats and the people's party. Party chairman RandallQuiros.
(4) The Broad Front Party (FrenteAmplio) : founded in 2004. A left-wing party that broke away from the former Communist Party. Party President PatriciaMoraCastellanos (female, PatriciaMoraCastellanos). [1] [18]

dignitaries

Rodrigo Chavez Robles : The President. Born June 10, 1961 in Costa Rica. He graduated from the University of Costa Rica and received his PhD in economics from Ohio State University. He joined the World Bank in 1993 and worked there for more than 20 years. He served as Finance Minister from December 2019 to May 2020. He was elected president in May 2022 as the candidate of the Democratic Social Progress Party and will serve until May 2026. [1] [13]

economy

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Colombia's economic development ranks among the highest in Central America. Foreign trade, tourism and services play an important role in the national economy. The Colombian government has actively carried out fiscal and tax reform, opened up telecommunications, insurance and other sectors to the outside world, developed high-tech industries, developed and utilized renewable and clean energy, and endeavored to expand exports and attract foreign direct investment.
Key economic data for 2022 are as follows:
Gross Domestic Product: $82.23 billion
Per capita GDP: $13,100
GDP growth rate: 4.3% [1]

industry

Mainly in the light industry and processing manufacturing industry, mainly equipment, food, wood, chemical and other departments. In 2020, industrial output reached 4.67 trillion colones, accounting for 12.97% of GDP. Industrial exports amounted to $8.5 billion, mainly exporting precision equipment, medical devices, semiconductors, electrical materials, etc., and relying on imports of raw materials and intermediate products.
In recent years, the precision instrument and medical equipment manufacturing industry has developed rapidly, with exports reaching $3.938 billion in 2020. Key Costa Rican companies include: Instituto Costarricensede Electricidad, the third largest company in Central America, with assets of 6.65 trillion colones and 15,000 employees as of the third quarter of 2020; Refinadora Costarricense dePetroleo SA, with total assets of 902.5 billion colones at the end of 2020; Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos, R.L., is the leading dairy company in Central America and the Caribbean, producing over 1.4 million litres of premium milk a day and accounting for 82% of Costa Rica's domestic dairy market. [16]

agriculture

In 2020, the net output value is 1.56 trillion colones, accounting for 4.35% of GDP, and the export value is $2.83 billion. Costa Rica is a major global exporter of pineapples, bananas and coffee. In 2020, fresh pineapple exports amounted to $888 million, banana exports to $1.08 billion, and coffee exports to $325 million. [16]

Service industry

The service industry is developed, mainly including tourism, catering and accommodation, finance and insurance, real estate, enterprise services, public administration, community services, intermediary services and other fields. In 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, Costa Rica's exports of services were 6.832 billion US dollars, down 29% year-on-year; Excluding tourism, exports of other services fell only 2 per cent year on year. Costa Rica's tourism industry took a big hit in 2020. The number of foreign tourists totaled 1.0119 million, a decrease of 67.76 percent year on year. The main visitors came from the United States (434,700), Nicaragua (123,900), Canada (115,600) and Europe (169,900).
According to the World Economic Forum's 2019 Tourism Competitiveness Report, Costa Rica ranks 41st out of 140 countries surveyed, making it the third most attractive destination in Latin America after Mexico and Brazil. The travel guide published by the internationally renowned travel magazine Lonely Planet recommends Costa Rica as the "Best Accessible Travel Destination for 2021". In 2021, Costa Rica ranked first in International Living magazine's best Destinations for retirees, ahead of Panama, Mexico, Colombia and Portugal. [16]

tourism

Costa Rica means "sea of abundance" in Spanish. Tourism income is the main foreign exchange income of Colombia source One of them. Since the 1990s, tourism has become Colombia's most dynamic industry. Tourist attractions include Irazu , Boaz Volcano And Spanish colonial cultural sites.
Although still an agrarian country, Costa Rica has achieved a relatively high standard of living, with widespread expansion of land ownership and a thriving tourism industry.
Costa Rica's economy is dominated by tourism, agriculture and Electronic component Exports have been growing rapidly since the recession began in 1997. Costa Rica is located in the narrow strip of Central America and in the center of the Americas, with direct access to the sea of Europe and Asia, and can easily access the American market.
Costa Rica's rapid economic growth is the result of a seven-year government high-tech development plan. Investment in the country is tax-free and the national education is very good, has become a promising land for investment, many multinational high-tech companies have begun to export products. [4]

finance

The state-owned commercial banks are Banco Nacional and Banco Costa Rica. Insurance companies are Instituto Nacional de Seguros (National Insurance Company), Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (Social Security Agency) and Mapfre Seguros Costa rica, ASSACompania de Seguros, etc. The National insurance Company is a state-owned enterprise.
The Costa Rican stock market began in the 1940s. In 1976, the Costa Rican National Stock Exchange (Bolsa Nacional de Valores) was established as the only stock exchange. The Securities Market Regulation Act (Law No. 7732) is the main law regulating the regulation of the securities market, under which the Securities Regulatory Commission was established in 1998. According to the 2020 annual report of the Costa Rican Stock Market, there are 41 companies listed in the country, with a turnover of $34.117 billion. [16]

foreign trade

Colombia follows an open trade policy, has signed free trade agreements with China, the United States, Mexico, Chile, Peru, the five Central American countries, the Dominican Republic, Singapore and the European Union, and has trade relations with more than 50 countries (regions) in the world. Foreign trade occupies an important position in the national economy. The company mainly exports electronic chips, integrated circuits, textiles, bananas, pineapples, coffee, medical devices, processed foods, machinery and electronic accessories, etc. The main export countries are the United States, China, the European Union and Central American neighbors; The main imports of raw materials, consumer goods, fuels, lubricants and capital goods, the main import source countries are the United States, the European Union, Venezuela and Mexico. In 2022, Costa Rica's exports reached 17.90 billion US dollars and imports reached 24.74 billion US dollars, up 14.1% and 11.2% respectively. [18]

Foreign capital

Foreign direct investment in Costa Rica has grown steadily since the 1990s, mainly in manufacturing, services, real estate and commerce. In December 2020, Astrazeneca opened its new headquarters in Costa Rica, with an investment of approximately $8 million and an estimated 320 new jobs. In the same month, Intel announced the restart of its assembly business in Colombia, which is expected to invest $350 million over the next three years, create 200 jobs and be operational in the second half of 2022. Intel entered Costa Rica in 1998 and closed its plant in 2014, leaving only a service center and a laboratory for equipment, software design and testing, and now employs 2,200 people in Costa Rica.
According to the Central Bank of Costa Rica, in 2020, Costa Rica received about $1.71 billion in foreign capital flows. By the end of 2020, Costa Rica's stock of foreign investment stood at $49.84 billion. In 2020, foreign investment will mainly flow into manufacturing ($1.095 billion), real estate ($257 million), finance and insurance ($152 million), and scientific research ($128 million). The main sources of foreign investment are the United States, Belgium and Panama. Of these, the United States accounted for more than 66 percent of direct investment in Costa Rica.
According to the World Investment Report 2020 released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2019, Costa Rica attracted foreign investment flows of $2.536 billion; At the end of 2019, Costa Rica's stock of foreign investment was $41.755 billion. [16]

Foreign aid

According to the data of Costa Rica's Ministry of Planning and Economic Policy, in 2019, Costa Rica received 1.915 billion US dollars in international aid, an increase of 124.5%. Of this amount, paid assistance (international loans) amounted to $1.82 billion (95%), and grant assistance and technical cooperation amounted to $95 million (5%). Bilateral aid comes mainly from Germany (86.1%), China (8.2%) and South Korea (3.7%). Multilateral assistance comes mainly from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) (39.2%), the Inter-American Development Bank (30.3%) and the Latin American Development Bank (28.2%).
In 2019, the Ministry of Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica implemented 12 SSC projects (six on the supply side and six on the demand side), a 74% decrease compared to 2018 (46 projects); 11 tripartite cooperation projects, an increase of 120% compared to 2017 (5). The main areas of international aid cooperation are finance, economy and industry (42.02%), public works and infrastructure (40.64%), health and social development (8.24%), and security and justice (6.25%). [16]

culture

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Language

The official language is Spanish. English has a high prevalence among high quality people. [16]

religion

95% of the population is Catholic, with a small minority practicing Christianity and Judaism. [16]

Festivals

Legal holidays include the Gregorian New Year's Day (1 January), Holy Week (the Thursday and Friday before Easter in March or April), the Day of the National hero Juan Santa Maria (11 April), Labour Day (1 May), the Day of the incorporation of the Province of Guanacaste into the territory of Costa Rica (25 July), the Day of the Saint of Angels (2 August), Mother's Day (15 August), Independence Day (15 September), Abolition of the Armed Forces Day (1 December), and Christmas Day (25 December). Saturday and Sunday are closed. [16]

custom

appellation
Costa Ricans are honest and simple, optimistic, amiable, humble, pay attention to credit, enthusiasm
Bananas are a Costa Rican specialty
Hospitality, very friendly to foreign guests. Common etiquette is for men to shake hands when meeting, for women to kiss on the cheek or hug if they are friends or relatives, and for farewell. In social occasions, adult men are generally called Mr., married women are called Mrs. Or Mrs., unmarried young women are called miss, and unmarried young men are called young master.
As in other American countries, Costa Ricans prefer to be referred to by their academic title or job title, which is used in conjunction with the above titles, such as "Mr. Doctor", "Mr. Master", "Mr. Director", etc.
Invite
Costa Ricans love to meet and chat with friends, often invited close friends to their homes, drinking coffee, eating fruits and sweets, the sea and the sky, if it is the weekend, when the interest is strong, but also sing and dance, until the next day before giving up. They communicate with foreign friends for the first time, if the guest's manners and manners are polite, familiar with the local customs and habits can speak a few words of the local national language, they will be regarded as old friends to meet, appear particularly cordial and warm, and will take the initiative to invite them to their home. For the Costa Rican kind invitation, foreign guests should not decline out of politeness or other considerations, which will cause the host's displeasure.
At one's invitation
When visiting a friend in Costa Rica, you should bring a bunch of flowers, a box of cake, a bottle of good wine and other items to the host. Dinner is the main meal in Costa Rica, usually after 7 p.m. The daily diet of ordinary families mainly includes pork, beef, chicken, fish, corn, beans, rice, plantains, manioc and Heart of palm Etc., usually used on weekends Japanese banana , cassava, potatoes, pumpkin cooked broth. Tropical fruits such as bananas, mangoes, pineapples, watermelons and grapes are more common. Traditional drinks are boiled with coffee and raw sugar rum Sugar wine, etc. Costa Rica is one of the first places in the world to grow corn, and there is no shortage of guests Corn reed , tortillas, tortillas, Corn liquor Let's wait.
Meet and say goodbye
Costa Ricans are honest, kind, humble, optimistic, polite and full of noble feelings. Their usual greeting etiquette is to shake hands, hug and kiss, the same is the farewell. When invited to dinner, bring some gifts, such as cakes and wine. When driving goodbye, you should first roll down the glass on the window, and then gently wave goodbye to the owner.
Taboos in Costa Rica are the same as in European countries such as Spain and the United States. People generally avoid the numbers "13" and "5", and prefer "3" and "7", which are considered lucky.

Military affairs

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EDITOR
Costa Rica was one of the first countries in the Americas to establish a democratic system, and the idea of freedom and equality is deeply rooted. Costa Ricans love peace and oppose violence, which was abolished on December 1, 1948 Armed forces The National Guard was established, becoming the first country in the world without an army. [6] In 2007, the number of police officers was 18,000, eliminating the possibility of military intervention. In the 1970s and 1980s, when the rest of Central America was Mired in civil war, it was peaceful. Because Costa Rica has abolished the army and saved a large amount of military expenditure, all of which has been used to improve people's livelihood, develop education and create social security system, Costa Rica has maintained political stability for more than half a century. By 2014, Costa Rica was still the country with the highest level of economic and social development in Central America, and its international competitiveness ranks among the top in Latin America. The Costa Rican government has set a goal of becoming a developed country by 2021. [7]
Costa Rica has only paramilitary forces, made up of volunteers. Total strength of security forces: 7,000 (1997), National Guard: 5,000 (including 400 Coast Marines), comprising 2 Border security commands, 2 counter-insurgency battalions, 7 border battalions, 7 civil defence battalions, Marine Corps; Main equipment (1997) : 7 river patrol boats, 10 patrol boats, 15 aircraft, 3 helicopters. [8]

traffic

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EDITOR

highroad

Costa Rica has about 44,000 km of roads, 11.8% of which are paved. The Pan-American Highway runs north-south, connecting neighboring Nicaragua and Panama. Roads are in poor overall condition due to a chronic lack of maintenance and new investment. [16]

railway

In the 1970s, Costa Rica built railways to Pacific and Atlantic ports, but for decades the network shrank due to mismanagement and a lack of state funding. The line between SAN Jose and the surrounding cities has been in service since 2005, but it is barely profitable due to aging equipment and fewer passengers, and currently runs only 323 kilometers. There are three main intercity railway lines in Costa Rica: Belen-Pavas-Curridabat, Caltago, and Alajuela-Rio Segundo - Heredia-San Jose. According to the Costa Rican Railway Authority, in 2019, railway freight volume was about: 84,268 boxes of bananas, 89,615 tons of steel, 123 containers of paper and cardboard; It carried about 3.613 million passengers. [16]

Air freight

Juan Santa Maria International Airport
Costa Rica has four airlines (LACSA, Nature Air, SANSA and Aerobell), which operate 12 domestic routes and 15 international routes. Costa Rica has two international airports: Juan Santa Maria International Airport, located in the province of Alajuela, about 16 km from the capital SAN Jose; Danielle Odubair International Airport is located in the north of the famous tourist city of Liberia. Juan Santa Maria International Airport has opened 446 direct routes (423 commercial routes and 23 private routes), operating a total of 27 airlines, covering Europe and some countries in the Americas. There are 22 direct flights per week to Europe, 203 to North America, 161 to Central America and 33 to South America. [16]

Water transport

The waterway is 730 km long and the main ports are Limon Port, Moin Port and Caldera Port. According to the latest data from Costa Rica's Ministry of Public Works and Transportation, the ports handled a total of 17.3 million tons of cargo in 2018. Due to the small port throughput and outdated equipment, which cannot meet the needs of foreign trade development, Costa Rica continues to increase investment in port transformation. On February 28, 2019, the APM container terminal in the Port of Moin in the province of Golimon, invested $1 billion by APM Port Management Group in the Netherlands, was officially put into operation, allowing goods to reach the European and Asian markets directly, and the port connectivity ranked first in Central America. [16]

society

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EDITOR

People's livelihood

In 2016, Costa Rica had a total labor force of 2.278 million and employed 2.03 million people. In 2021, the national poverty rate will be 23.0%; The extreme poverty rate is 6.3%. The average life expectancy is 80.9 years, the birth rate is 10.5 per thousand, the mortality rate is 6.02 per thousand, and the infant mortality rate is 8.47 per thousand.

Science and technology

Costa Rica attaches great importance to the development of science and technology, has formulated a national science and technology development plan, improve competitiveness and scientific and technological innovation, high-tech industries and modern service industries continue to develop, high-tech products per capita exports ranked first in Latin America. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014, in 2013, Costa Rica's labor quality and technological innovation advantages were obvious, ranking 54th among 148 participating countries, ranking fourth in Latin America. In the 2013 Global Innovation Index published by InSEAD, Cornell University and the World Intellectual Property Organization, Costa Rica ranks 39th out of 142 participating countries, making it the most innovative country in Latin America and entering the ranks of innovation economies for the first time. [4]
Areas of strength include climate change, tropical agriculture and electronic information technology. Key research institutions include the University of Costa Rica, the National University, the University of Science and Technology, and the Center for Research and Education in Tropical Agriculture. Important science and technology policies include the 2015-2021 National Science and Technology Innovation Plan and 2015-2021 National Telecommunications Development Plan.
According to the World Economic Forum's 2019 Global Competitiveness Report, Costa Rica ranks 26th out of 141 participating countries in terms of workforce quality and 58th in terms of technological innovation. In the 2020 Global Innovation Index (GII), jointly published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Cornell University and INSEAD, Costa Rica ranks 56th in the world and 3rd in Latin America. [16]

education

High priority was given to the development of education and 8 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP) was allocated to education each year. Since 1870, free compulsory education has been implemented in public primary and secondary schools, while private schools charge higher fees, and the fees vary greatly among different majors. There are nearly 5,000 educational institutions in the country, including 576 private schools, most of which are bilingual (English, German, French, Hebrew).
According to the Human Development Index of Costa Rica released by the United Nations Development Programme in 2020, the gross enrollment rate of primary, secondary and university students is 113%, 133% and 55% respectively, and the literacy rate of adults (over 15 years old) is 97.9%, the lowest in Central America.
There are 5 public universities and 69 private universities, the main institutions of higher learning are the University of Costa Rica, the National University of Costa Rica, the National Institute of Technology, the University of Distance Education, and the private Autonomous University of Central America and the University of Latin America. The duration of the university is 2 to 10 years, including junior college, bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctor's degree, which is similar to that of Chinese universities. The teaching quality of public universities is higher than that of private universities.
Costa Rica's National Education report shows that in 2019, the budget of the Ministry of Public Education reached 2.6 trillion colones, an increase of about four times in the past 12 years, and the coverage of preschool education has increased, but the reading ability of preschool children is low; 93.4% of middle school students failed to complete 43 class hours/week of study according to the national regulations, the proportion of school-age middle school students accounted for 75%, and the proportion of over-age students was relatively high; The proportion of students enrolled in higher education is 28%, which has remained stagnant in the past 10 years, and the proportion of science and engineering majors in colleges and universities is only 37%, and concentrated in the medical field. [16]

Medical treatment

The Costa Rican Social Insurance Agency (CCSS) was established on November 1, 1941. The national medical insurance coverage rate has reached 95 percent, ranking among the highest in Latin America. According to the report of the United Nations Development Programme, in 2020, Colombia's Human development index is 0.81, ranking 7th in Latin America and the Caribbean and 61st in the world. Infectious diseases are rare in Costa Rica, with only occasional cases of malaria occurring in a few areas of Limon Province on the Caribbean coast. In recent years, with climate change, the incidence of Chikungunya has been higher in hot areas along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts, but there has been no widespread epidemic. In early 2016, Zika cases appeared in Colombia, and the Ministry of Health took emergency prevention and control measures, and the epidemic was quickly and effectively controlled.
According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, Costa Rica's national recurrent health expenditure accounted for 5% of GDP, and the per capita recurrent health expenditure was US $659 in terms of purchasing power parity.
According to the National Statistical Office of Costa Rica, the average life expectancy in 2020 is 80.6 years, of which the average life expectancy of men is 78.1 years, and the average life expectancy of women is 83.2 years. [16]

Physical education

The Costa Rica National Football team is the national football team of Costa Rica and is governed by the Costa Rican Football Association. In people's memory, even in the soccer level behind the Central and North America region, Costa Rica is not a strong team, which is also in the 2002 World Cup, the national football team will set a "defeat Brazil, draw Turkey, win Costa Rica, with goal difference advantage" goal of the reason. However, in the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, Costa Rica in a group of death with the last third Uruguay, four-star Italy and England, with two wins and a draw, ranked first in the group to qualify. Greece entered the last eight with 10 men over 11 men, and drew with the Netherlands in 120 minutes to drag the game to penalties, and finally lost 4-3 to the Netherlands.
Costa Rica last qualified for the World Cup finals in 2006, and the team made its first appearance in the World Cup, reaching the round of 16 in 1990. Costa Rica's best performance in the America's Gold Cup was in 2002, when it finished second. They have also won the Central American Nations Cup five times. They have been invited to the Copa America three times and have been knocked out in the last eight twice.
Costa Rica's preferred formation is 3-5-2, and their midfielders are very flexible and mobile in the game. They usually play opponents through midfield and then use their amazing pace on the wings to play on the counter-attack. Almost African physique, Costa Rican players have a very outstanding speed, often to the other side of the defensive line to the fatal blow. When their two wings are pressed into attack, the other midfielders are quick to pick up the slack.
Costa Rica have a very strong attack, scoring 25 goals in 14 games, thanks to their two excellent forward . Fonseca and Wanchope are both "hounds" in the penalty area and have a very strong ability to catch opportunities. Two people cooperate very tacit understanding, but also a pair of lethal edge knives. Also, the veteran who scored the winning goal against Sweden in the 1990 World Cup Medford Still in the team, so Costa Rica have enough attacking power up front to be proud of.
Famous players include Juan Arnoldo Caiaso, Centeno , Fonseca, Ronald Gomez , Louis Marin , Martinez , Mauricio Montero, Solis, Mauricio Wright, Lopez, Alexandre Guimares, Medford, Gansalis, Juan Uola, Reynaldo Parks, Eric Lonis, Locha, Hector Marchena, Paul Wanchope Campbell, Ruiz, Navas.

medium

National Theatre of Costa Rica
The most influential channels are the private channels 6 and 7 and the state-run channels 11. People can pay to receive nearly 100 TV channels, mostly from European and American countries.
The most influential radio stations in the area are monumental and columbia.
LA NACION is the most influential newspaper, with a daily circulation of more than 100,000, covering political, economic and social fields. LAREPUBLICA is a financial newspaper with a daily circulation of about 10,000. There are also newspapers such as the Free Press and the Journal.
The online editions of newspapers such as La Nacion, La Repubblica, La Libre Press, and La Foreign, as well as the websites of Costa Rica Today (www.crhoy.com) and Times News (www.aldia.cr), have had a strong influence on the Internet. [16]

electricity

Costa Rica is the Central American countries in the total installed capacity of the country, accounting for 22% of the total power generation in Central America, can meet the current domestic electricity demand, enough to supply all kinds of industrial enterprises electricity, without the need to build their own power plants. According to data from Colombia's National Electricity System (SEN), in 2019, the country's total power generation totaled 11,312.85 GWH, 99.15% of which came from renewable energy sources, of which hydropower accounted for 69.18% of the total power generation, wind accounted for 15.88%, geothermal accounted for 13.37%, biomass energy and solar energy accounted for 0.72%. Thermal power accounted for 0.85%; The national electricity demand was 11,344.11 GWH, an increase of 1.97%. Costa Rica has a transmission capacity of 9,700 MVA, voltage classes of 138KV and 230KV, and a total length of transmission lines of 2,146 km.
Electricity transmission is monopolized by the state power company. The national grid coverage reaches 99.38%, and through the Central American Electric Connection System (Siepac), it has formed a regional interconnection grid with Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and other countries. The electric transmission system has a total line length of 1,792 km, of which 500 km is in Costa Rica. [16]

communication

According to Statistics Costa Rica, as of July 2020, there were 449,020 landline subscribers, 1,339,492 home Internet subscribers and 1,523,268 mobile phone subscribers in 1,581,585 households. Among Latin American countries, Costa Rica has the highest cost of mobile Internet access in Central America, only lower than Brazil. In 2019, ICE, Movistar and Claro had a market share of 51.2%, 29.9% and 18.9%, respectively.
In January 1993, Costa Rica became the fifth country in Latin America to have Internet service, after Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Argentina. Internet access is widespread in Costa Rica, with broadband access available in major central cities and coastal cities. The Costa Rican Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (Sutel) reports that 4G mobile network access averaged 70% in 2019. Kolbi, Movistar and Claro have 4G mobile data download speeds of 26Mbps, 10Mbps and 12.9Mbps respectively. At the beginning of 2021, the Costa Rican Ministry of Technology and Telecommunications said that it would start 5G network construction within the year, and the ministry, as a promoter of 5G network construction in Costa Rica, welcomes different 5G operators to carry out 5G mobile network business in Costa Rica. [16]

diplomacy

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EDITOR

Foreign policy

Colombia pursues a foreign policy of peace and neutrality, supports the principle of self-determination of peoples and non-interference in other countries' internal affairs, attaches importance to developing traditional friendly relations with Latin American countries, actively promotes regional economic integration and supports the establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas. He was elected three times as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council (1974-1975, 1997-1998, and 2008-2009) and was a member of the UN Human Rights Council from 2011 to 2016 and 2023 to 2025. From January 2014 to January 2015, he held the rotating presidency of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. [18]

Diplomatic relations

Relations with China
Bilateral political relations: China and Costa Rica established diplomatic relations on June 1, 2007. Since then, the two countries have had frequent exchanges.
China is Costa Rica's second largest trading partner. In April 2010, the two countries signed a free trade agreement. The agreement entered into force in August 2011. In October 2007, the two countries signed an investment promotion and protection agreement. The agreement entered into force in October 2016. According to Chinese Customs statistics, in 2023, China-Colombia trade totaled 5.702 billion U.S. dollars, of which China's exports amounted to 2.784 billion U.S. dollars and imports amounted to 2.918 billion U.S. dollars, up 30.8 percent, 18.5 percent and 45.3 percent, respectively.
China mainly exports electrical and electronic products, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and equipment, cotton textiles and plastic products, etc. Imported electrical and electronic products, medical equipment, beef, etc. [19]
Other exchanges: In November 2011, the Chinese Naval hospital ship "Peace Ark" visited Costa Rica for the first time to provide humanitarian medical services to local people and overseas Chinese.
Relations with the United States
The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1851. The two countries enjoy close relations and frequent high-level visits. The United States is Colombia's largest trading partner. In 2007, Colombia exported $1.142 billion to the United States and imported $2.865 billion from the United States. The United States has always regarded Colombia as a "democratic model" for Latin American countries and provided a lot of economic aid. The two sides have maintained close cooperation in the fields of counter-terrorism, drug control and military affairs. The United States has built a Latin American police school in Colombia, and American warships use Costa Rica's Pacific and Atlantic ports. In 2003, under pressure from the United States, Colombia withdrew from the "Group of 22" of the World Trade Organization. After President Arias took office, Colombia asked the United States to support Colombia on its official website Iraq War And publicly criticized U.S. anti-terrorism policies at the United Nations General Assembly. In March 2007, the United States announced the cancellation of Colombia's debt of 12.6 million US dollars and promised to support Colombia's accession to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. In September 2008, President Arias visited the United States and extended the final entry into force of the FTA until January 1, 2009. [9]
Relations with Latin American countries
We will attach importance to developing good-neighborly, friendly and cooperative relations with Latin American countries, especially Central American countries, maintain close high-level exchanges, and actively promote the process of regional integration in Central America. Colombia has no diplomatic relations with Cuba. President Arias has publicly criticized the leaders of Cuba and Venezuela. In addition, Brother with neighboring countries Nicaragua There are disputes over borders and immigration. With El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Chile, Colombia The leaders of seven Latin American countries, including Guatemala and Honduras, signed the Charter statement of the "Pacific Gulf" Forum to strengthen economic and trade ties with APEC members. [9]
Relations with Cuba
In 1961, Costa Rica unilaterally severed diplomatic relations with Cuba due to ideological differences. In March 2009, the Colombian government stated that the severing of diplomatic relations with Cuba was completely a product of the Cold War period, and that the world has changed greatly. In August 2010, Cuba sent its first ambassador to Costa Rica in 50 years. [9]
Relations with European countries
With traditional economic and trade ties with European countries, it is the most important export country of Central America to the EU. In October 2007, the first round of negotiations for a partnership agreement between Central America and Europe was held in Costa Rica. The partnership agreement includes three parts: a free trade agreement, a political dialogue mechanism and a cooperation mechanism. During the negotiations, Colombia advocated the establishment of a "privileged strategic partnership" between Central American countries and Europe. In December, Central American leaders signed the Central American Joint Tariff Agreement, which provides legal guarantees for the Central America-EU free trade negotiations. [9]
Relations with Asia-Pacific countries
In the 21st century, Colombia has attached increasing importance to economic and trade cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries and advocated the establishment of regular political and economic consultation mechanisms between Central America and ASEAN countries. It is now a member of the Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation. According to statistics from Colombia's Ministry of Foreign Trade, Asia has become the country's second largest trading partner after the United States. [9]

travel

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EDITOR

Tourism status

A total of 34 natural parks have been established and developed in Costa Rica, and as of 2014, they have become important tourist attractions in Costa Rica.
According to statistics released by the national nature conservation agency of Colombia, in the first half of 2003, more than 500,000 tourists visited the natural park, with an income of more than 2 million US dollars, an increase of 2.3 times over 2002.
The main reason for the increase in revenue in Costa Rica's natural parks is the increase in foreign visitors, but also the introduction of dual entrance fees. The entrance fee to the park is $1.45 per person for Colombian visitors, but $7 per person for foreign visitors, almost five times that of domestic visitors.
Among the 34 natural parks, the most visited are the three active volcanic parks of Boas, Arenal and Irazu, as well as several coastal parks on the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. They account for 76% of the total revenue of the national nature parks. [10] Located on the Isthmus of Central America, with the Caribbean Sea to the east and the North Pacific Ocean to the west, it has a coastline of 1,290 kilometers. Costa Rica borders Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south-southeast, covering a total of 51,100 square kilometers. In recent years, Costa Rica's Tenorio Volcanic National Park has become a popular destination for travelers, in addition to 12,819 hectares of pristine rainforests, the famous waterfalls and blue lagoons are more like entering the world of paradise. Costa Rica is known as the "Switzerland of Central America" for its comfortable lifestyle, relatively democratic political environment and beautiful natural scenery.

Scenic spot

SAN Jose
SAN Jose 1163 meters above sea level, the climate is pleasant, the annual average temperature is about 20 degrees, the four seasons like spring, flowers in full bloom, the city is tree-lined, both sides of the road with acacia trees, camellia and roses planted all over the courtyard, a green, the whole city like a big garden, therefore, SAN Jose has a "flower city" elegant name. The city's residential buildings are generally built low, lightweight structure, most of them are two-story villa type small buildings. Streets built on hills, up and down. Don't be funny. The Chinese restaurant on the street is hung in front of the bright Chinese font, the door on both sides of the red couplet, the face is red paper "rice" character, rich Chinese national characteristics. In addition to the central Avenue is spacious, other streets are relatively small, and many old buildings still maintain the style of one or two hundred years ago.
An 18th-century Spanish church and bell tower stand among the new, modern buildings. There is also a special pattern of urban construction, with a church in each district, with a small park in front of it and a school next to it. The lawn of the park often stands national heroes, famous politicians, artists or Indians bronze and marble statues. There are also many museums in the city, the National Museum is located in the city center in an ancient castle style building, mainly displays a variety of precious historical relics; The Jade Museum displays all kinds of jade and jade before the discovery of the New World; The Gold and Coins Museum exhibits pre-New World gold and silver artifacts and coins. In addition, there are insect museums and natural science museums. [11]
Boaz Volcano
It is located in the northwest of Costa Rica's Central Valley, 57 km from SAN Jose. The volcano erupted for the first time in 1910 and intermittently several times between 1952 and 1954. There are two lakes in the 1,600-meter-diameter crater at the top of the volcano. The water above is clear and bright, surrounded by all kinds of green plants. The lake below has a large amount of igneous material and a high acid content. Due to the volcanic activity, the lake spewed out a burst of white gas, issued a huge boiling sound, and then set off a huge column of water more than 100 meters high, forming the world's largest geyser. Depending on the temperature and volcanic activity, the lake changes color, sometimes blue, sometimes gray. It is said to have been caused by small eruptive activity at the bottom of the crater. [11]
Mount Ilazu
The Irazu volcano is located in central Costa Rica, about 60 kilometers east of the capital SAN Jose, at an altitude of 3,432 meters. Its crater diameter of 1050 meters, 300 meters deep, at the bottom of a pool of green water, above the smoke, myriad, is one of the most famous tourist resorts in Costa Rica. Mount Ilazu is the tallest of Costa Rica's seven volcanoes and the highest peak of the Central Mountain Range, with views of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Ilazu is an intermittent volcano, composed mainly of basalt and andesite. It erupted in 1841, 1920, 1963, and most recently in 1978, leaving three craters. Ilazu volcano is not a barren land, here the beautiful scenery, dense forest, lush flowers, is a rare tourist resort.
Arenal volcano
Arenal Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and the most famous and active volcano in Costa Rica. It is about 147 kilometers northwest of the capital, SAN Jose, at an altitude of 1,633 meters. Its cone-shaped crater can be seen from any place for several kilometers around, and it is particularly magnificent and imposing against the blue sky and white clouds. The Arenal volcano, which is 1,633 meters above sea level, had a major eruption on July 29, 1968, when lava reportedly covered more than 700 hectares of the surface and caused a lot of damage. Now the Arenal volcano is much calmer, with only occasional small eruptions.
The trails in Arenal Volcano National Park and the nearby hills are the best places to see the volcano. The volcano erupted intermittently, causing a large cloud of volcanic ash and a huge roar in the sky, which could be seen dozens of kilometers away. At night, the Arenal volcano landscape is even more spectacular, the lava rolls down the slope of the mountain rock melted by high temperature, forming a very strange but very brilliant "fireworks", usually at least 5 kilometers away, one of the famous wonders of Central America. Coupled with the picturesque scenery of lakes and mountains near the volcano, there are hot hot spring rivers winding among them, and you can soak in hot springs almost anytime and anywhere, so there are many tourists.
Osshonar National Wildlife Reserve
Located in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, the Osshonar National Wildlife Reserve was established as a protected area in 1982 and officially became a national wildlife reserve in 1984. With an area of 85.7 square kilometers, it is one of the two most important olive ridley turtle reserves in the world.
The Osshonar National Wildlife Reserve was established to protect olive ridley turtles so that they can safely reproduce here. Every year hundreds, if not thousands, of tortoises nest in the Osshonar National Wildlife Refuge on Costa Rica's west coast, drawing tourists from around the world to see the spectacle.
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, located in the provinces of Puntarenas and Alajuela in Costa Rica, was established in 1973 and consists of 10,500 areas of tropical rain forest. Every year, about 70,000 people visit this reserve, which is always in pristine condition. The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is known for its biodiversity and integrity and is of great importance for biological conservation and research. Consisting of seven ecological zones, 90% of which are primary forests, the reserve is an ecologically diverse sanctuary, home to more than 2,500 species of plants, 100 species of mammals, 400 species of birds, 120 species of reptiles and amphibians, and thousands of species of insects.
Of the more than 2,500 species of plants in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, about 10% are endemic.
Guanacaste Nature Reserve
Guanacaste Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Costa Rica, it starts from Costa Rica 12 miles from the Pacific Ocean, along the Pacific coast of the lowland across the inland, over three volcanoes, and then dive into the lowland, a total length of about 105 kilometers, the highest point is 1916 meters. In 1999, the Guanacaste Nature Reserve was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO. The reserve covers 88,000 hectares of land and 43,000 hectares of sea, but these figures do not include the 3,000 to 5,000 hectares that were subsequently added to the reserve.
Guanacaster Nature Reserve includes a series of volcanic areas, the most famous of which is the Rincon de la Vieja volcano, which has three volcanic craters, a lagoon, the last observed eruption of the volcano in the 1970s, but still has a volcanic crater that continues to breathe. Another 32 rivers and 16 geysers originate in the vicinity of the volcano.
Guanacaste Nature Reserve is one of the most important natural habitats in the world, maintaining biological diversity, including the best dryland forest habitat, biome from Central America to northern Mexico, and major endangered plants and animals. The terrestrial and coastal environments of this region are important for ecological activities, including the evolution, continuation and restoration of Pacific tropical dryland forests; Upland colonization, other interactive biological and ecological activities, and the rise and development of coral populations and reefs.
Taramanca Sitz-La Amistad Reserve
The unique Talamanca Sitz-La Amistad Reserve covers more than 800,000 hectares and is located in Central America, on the border of Costa Rica and Panama. The reserve is the Quaternary glaciers left traces here, the flora and fauna of North and South America are mixed here, and the tropical rain forest covers most of the area of the reserve. Four different Indian tribes live on this land, and they profit from close cooperation between Costa Rica and Panama.
Due to its climatic characteristics and the richness of the soil, the region presents a colorful topography, constituting many different habitats. The Taramanca Sitz-Amistad Reserve offers views of cloud forests, Lilliputian landscapes, desolate beauty valleys, the descendants of Sibu and the sacred birds worshipped by the Aztecs. In addition to natural wonders, the area has a large number of ancient cultural relics. More than 200 sites were found, including tombs, stone columns, and prehistoric rock paintings, covering more than 12,000 years of history.
Cocos Island National Park
Cocos Island National Park, 550 km off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, is the only island in the tropical Eastern Pacific with a tropical rainforest, its location closest to the northern equatorial countercurrent, and the full interaction between the island and the surrounding Marine ecosystem make this area an ideal laboratory for studying biological processes. In 1997, UNESCO listed it on the World Heritage List as a natural heritage site.
The rugged terrain of Cocos Island, in the uncanny "creation" of nature, the island reef in a variety of forms, waterfalls, steep cliffs and labyrinth-like underground caves can be seen everywhere. The underwater world of Cocos Island is recognized as the best place in the world to see pelagic life, and the transparent azure waters are full of Marine life, such as sharks, rays, tuna and dolphins. The rare flora and fauna on the island attract tourists from all over the world every year. According to statistics, there are 97 species of birds, 2 species of endangered reptiles, 57 species of crustaceans, more than 500 kinds of Marine mollusks, 500 kinds of insects, 300 kinds of Marine fish, 5 kinds of freshwater fish, here the coral reef is colorful, everywhere.

Related report

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EDITOR
On September 15, 2021, Costa Rica celebrates its 200th anniversary of independence. [12]
On May 8, 2022, the President of Costa Rica declared a state of emergency the day he took office. [14]
On May 12, 2022, several government agencies in the Central American country of Costa Rica, including the Ministry of Finance, were paralyzed due to a hacker ransomware attack. [14]
In February 2023, the EU updated its list of tax jurisdictions and Costa Rica was blacklisted The list. [17]
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