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COVID-19

[x? n xing gu? n zhuang bing du fei yan]
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synonymPneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus(Pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus) generally refers to novel coronavirus pneumonia
COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) , referred to as "New coronavirus pneumonia", the World Health Organization named "2019 coronavirus disease" [1-2] , refer to 2019 novel coronavirus Pneumonia due to infection. Since December 2019, some hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei Province have successively found a number of cases with a history of exposure to South China seafood market pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause The case was confirmed to be acute caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus infection Respiratory infectious disease . [3-5]
On February 11, 2020, World Health Organization Director GENERAL Tedros Ghebreyesus In Switzerland Geneva Announce that will Pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus It's called "COVID-19." On February 22, the National Health Commission issued a notice that the English name of "novel coronavirus pneumonia" was revised to "COVID-19". On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that the current COVID-19 outbreak can be called a global pandemic [6] . China held a National Day of mourning on April 4 [7] . On August 18, the National Health Commission completed the revision Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 8) [8] . On 3 September, the Co-chairs of the WHO Expert Group on COVID-19 Response Assessment announced the members of the expert group at a briefing for member States. Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS) Selected. [9]
On December 26, 2022, National Health Commission An announcement was made to rename the novel coronavirus pneumonia Novel coronavirus infection . With the approval of The State Council, starting from January 8, 2023, the regulations adopted for the novel coronavirus infection will be lifted. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Measures for the prevention and control of class A infectious diseases as stipulated in "; Novel coronavirus infections are no longer included in the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the Peoples Republic of China "Provisions on the management of quarantinable infectious diseases. [125]
On May 5, 2023, the World Health Organization announced that the COVID-19 pandemic no longer constitutes a pandemic. Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC） ". [129]
TCM disease name
COVID-19
Foreign name
COVID-19
alias
COVID-19
Common symptom
fever , dry cough , fatigue [10]
Transmission route
Direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission [11]
Named by the World Health Organization
COVID-19 [1]
Diagnosis and treatment plan
" Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 9) " [116]
pronunciation
"Crown" read Guana n [12]

catalogue

  1. 1Virus characteristics
  2. ▪pathogenesis
  3. ▪Epidemic characteristics
  4. 2Epidemic level
  5. 3Transmission route
  6. 4Clinical and therapeutic
  7. ▪clinical picture
  8. ▪Diagnosis and treatment plan
  1. ▪Discharge criteria
  2. 5Vaccine research and development
  3. 6Protection notice
  4. 7Name determination
  5. 8Control type
  6. 9Expert opinion
  7. 10Make an impact
  1. ▪China
  2. ▪internation
  3. ▪Nurse shortage
  4. ▪Hungry people
  5. 11Virus research
  6. ▪Difference study
  7. ▪Research finding
  8. ▪virus variation
  9. ▪Survival time
  1. 12Mourning activity
  2. 13List of experts
  3. 14Current situation of the epidemic
  4. 15Set up awards
  5. 16Intellectual property
  6. 17Related event

Virus characteristics

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EDITOR

pathogenesis

novel coronavirus [13]
According to the available case data, the novel coronavirus pneumonia fever , dry cough , fatigue Etc was the main manifestation, and a few patients were accompanied Nasal obstruction , Running nose , diarrhea Etc. Upper respiratory tract and Alimentary tract The symptoms. Most severe cases appear after 1 week dyspnea In severe cases, rapid progress is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Septic shock, refractory metabolic acidosis and coagulation dysfunction Multiple organ failure Let's wait. It is worth noting that severe and critically ill patients may have moderate and low fever during the course of the disease, or even no obvious fever. Mild patients only showed low fever, slight fatigue, and no pneumonia. From the current situation of patients admitted, most of the patients recovered well, a few patients in critical condition. Old people And those with chronic underlying diseases had poor recovery. Children The symptoms are relatively mild. [10]

Epidemic characteristics

World Health Organization (WHO) Director GENERAL Tedros Ghebreyesus On March 11, 2020, it said that the COVID-19 outbreak has assumed the characteristics of a pandemic.
Speaking at a regular press conference in Geneva, Tedros said the extent and severity of the outbreak were deeply concerning, "so we assess that the COVID-19 situation has assumed the characteristics of a pandemic."
He said: "We have never seen a pandemic caused by a coronavirus before. We've never seen a controlled pandemic before."
He stressed that describing the outbreak as a "pandemic" does not change the WHO's assessment of its threat, "it does not change what WHO is doing and it does not change what countries should be doing."
The novel coronavirus pneumonia is in its early and rapidly changing stage. China has released the full genome sequence of the novel coronavirus that causes the novel coronavirus pneumonia, which will help global scientists and public health organizations join in Diagnostic reagent Research and development, and virus pathogenicity research.
National Health Commission Announcement No. 1 has been issued, including pneumonia infected by the novel coronavirus into the provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious diseases Category B infectious diseases But take category A infectious diseases The prevention and control measures, while incorporating them Quarantinable disease Manage. [13-14]
Coronavirus rendering (Credit: Alamy)

Epidemic level

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On January 20, 2020, after being reported to The State Council for approval, the National Health Commission issued a notice, including the novel coronavirus pneumonia (" novel coronavirus pneumonia ") into the Class B infectious diseases stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious diseases, and take prevention and control measures for Class A infectious diseases.
Who situation report on COVID-19
On 28 February 2020, the WHO daily report on the COVID-19 situation raised the regional and global risk levels to the highest level of "very high", in line with China, from "high".
On March 11, 2020 local time, World Health Organization Director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has announced that, based on its assessment, WHO believes the current COVID-19 outbreak can be called a pandemic. [6]
September 24, 2022 Singapore " Lianhe Zaobao The Director-General of the World Health Organization Tedros Ghebreyesus He pointed out that there is still a long way to go before the COVID-19 outbreak is declared over. [118]
From January 8, 2023, the implementation of "Class B tube" for new coronavirus infection. According to the Law on the Prevention and Control of infectious diseases, people infected with the novel coronavirus will no longer be quarantined and their close contacts will no longer be judged. No longer delineate high and low risk zones; Patients with COVID-19 will be treated and treated according to different levels and medical insurance policies will be adjusted in due course. The detection strategy is adjusted to "willing to check out"; Adjust the frequency and content of epidemic information release. In accordance with the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law, quarantinable infectious disease control measures will no longer be taken against entry persons and goods. [126]
On May 5, 2023, the World Health Organization declared that the COVID-19 pandemic no longer constitutes a "public health emergency of international concern." [129]

Transmission route

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EDITOR
According to CCTV news, the Shanghai Epidemic prevention and Control conference introduced: Health and epidemic prevention experts stressed that the confirmed transmission routes of the novel coronavirus pneumonia are mainly direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission. Direct transmission refers to the infection caused by the patient's sneezing, coughing, speaking droplets, and exhaled gas directly inhaled at close range. Aerosol transmission means that droplets are mixed in the air to form aerosols, which can lead to infection after inhalation. Contact transmission refers to droplets deposited on the surface of objects, contact contaminated hands, and then contact the mouth, nose, eyes and other mucous membranes, resulting in infection. [11]
On June 14, 2021, Canada Researchers in Britain A paper published in the journal Nature Communications found that the novel coronavirus can infect and spread between North American deer mice. [45]
On December 1, 2021 local time, Environment and Climate Change Canada issued a press briefing announcing that for the first time, wild animals in Canada were found to be infected with the novel coronavirus. [53]
On May 4, 2022, the US Healthy Living News Network published a report that University of Michigan Airborne coronavirus is 1,000 times more likely to spread than touching surfaces, research has found. Researchers at the University of Michigan examined air and surface samples on college campuses and found that the probability of inhaling viral particles is greater than the probability of infection by finger contact. [97]

Clinical and therapeutic

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EDITOR

clinical picture

Treating patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia
The clinical manifestations of pneumonia patients infected with novel coronavirus are: fever, fatigue, dry cough as the main manifestations, nasal congestion, runny nose and other upper respiratory symptoms are rare, will appear hypoxia hypoxia state [15] . About half of the patients developed dyspnea more than a week later, and severe cases rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, refractory metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction. It is worth noting that severe and critically ill patients may have moderate and low fever during the course of the disease, or even no obvious fever. Some patients have mild onset symptoms, may not have fever, and most recover after 1 week. Most of the patients recovered well, while a few patients were critically ill or even died. [16]

Diagnosis and treatment plan

After the outbreak of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus, National Health Commission Published the" Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia And through the analysis of the epidemic situation and research progress, experts are organized to revise the diagnosis and treatment plan in a timely manner on the basis of the analysis, research and summary of the previous medical treatment work.
January 16, 2020," Diagnosis and Treatment of pneumonia caused by Novel coronavirus (Trial) "Published. The "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol (Trial Version 2)" was also released [17] .
Novel coronavirus pneumonia virus
On January 22, 2020, the General Office of the National Health Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued the" Diagnosis and Treatment of pneumonia caused by Novel coronavirus (Trial Version 3) ". [18]
On January 27, 2020, General Office of the National Health Commission, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM) The office released the Diagnosis and Treatment of pneumonia caused by Novel coronavirus (Trial Version 4) ". [19]
On February 4, 2020, the General Office of the National Health Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued the" Diagnosis and Treatment of pneumonia caused by Novel coronavirus (Trial version 5) " [20] . On February 8, the General Office of the National Health Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued the" Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Revised version) [21] .
On February 14, 2020, the General Office of the NHC and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Severe and Critical Cases of Novel coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 2). [22]
On February 19, 2020, the General Office of the National Health Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued the" Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 6) ". [23]
On March 4, 2020, the General Office of the National Health Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued the" Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 7) ". [24]
On August 18, 2020, the General Office of the National Health Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued the" Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 8) ". [25]
On February 11, 2022, according to the relevant provisions of the Drug Administration Law, the State Drug Administration conducted emergency review and approval in accordance with the special drug approval procedure, with conditional approval Pfizer The novel coronavirus treatment Nematavir tablet/Ritonavir tablet combination package (also known as Paxlovid) is registered for import. The novel coronavirus treatment Nematavir tablet/Ritonavir tablet combination package (Paxlovid) is an oral small molecule novel coronavirus treatment for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) with a high risk of progression to severe disease. [74]
On July 25, 2022, according to the relevant provisions of the Drug Administration Law, the State Drug Administration conducted emergency review and approval in accordance with the special drug approval procedure, with conditional approval Henan Real biological technology Co., LTD Azvudine Tablet added the application for the registration of the indication for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. [121] In November, Azvudine tablets were officially sold online in some pharmacies in Beijing [122] . On the evening of November 18, some media reported that the domestic oral drug azvudine has been officially sold online in some pharmacies in Beijing. In this regard, the relevant people of real biology told the reporter of the "Science and Technology Board Daily" that they have communicated with the relevant pharmacies for the first time on the relevant situation and will immediately be removed from the shelves. [123]
On January 7, 2023, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of The State Council issued the" Novel Coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Protocol (10th edition) ". [127]

Discharge criteria

On January 28, 2020, the National Health Commission notified the discharge criteria: clinical symptoms were relieved, body temperature was normal, and two nucleic acid tests were negative to ensure that the discharge was not contagious. [26]
Discharge criteria are two negative throat swabs, no symptoms, normal temperature, normal CT, and quarantine for another two weeks. If the request for anal swabs is normal, then there will be a backlog of patients and beds will not be able to turn over, so it is still necessary to closely observe and carry out a hierarchical management of all patients. [112]

Vaccine research and development

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Subject article: The novel coronavirus vaccine
By March 2022, China had provided more than 2.1 billion doses of vaccines to more than 120 countries and international organizations, accounting for one-third of the global total of vaccines used outside China. [77]
Inactivated vaccine
On December 31, 2020, the joint prevention and control mechanism of The State Council announced that Sinopharm Group's China Biological novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration for conditional marketing. [27]
Inhaled COVID-19 vaccine
From November 12 to 14, 2021, the world's first inhalable COVID-19 vaccine was unveiled at the 5th Hainan International Health Industry Expo 2021. The world's first inhaled COVID-19 vaccine was developed by the Military Medical Research Institute Chen Wei Academician team and Concino Biological Corporation Cooperative research and development, phase II clinical trials have achieved phased results, and the application for emergency use is being promoted. It is understood that the inhaled COVID-19 vaccine and intramuscular injection use the same vaccine, and the formulation has not changed, only a different way of administration. Aerosol inhalation immunization uses an atomizer to atomize the vaccine into tiny particles and inhale it through the mouth into the respiratory tract and lungs, thereby stimulating mucosal immunity that cannot be brought about by intramuscular injection. [49]
Therapeutic antibody drug
In November 2021, js016, a new therapeutic antibody drug jointly developed by the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Junshi Biology, and another Zhonghe antibody have been authorized for emergency use in 15 countries around the world. [50]
COVID-19 vaccine boosts immunization
From 20:00 on January 25, 2022, the registration and appointment for enhanced immunization against COVID-19 for Hong Kong and Macao compatriots aged 18 and above and the registration and appointment for COVID-19 vaccination for Hong Kong and Macao compatriots aged 3-11 in Shanghai will be launched, and the vaccination will start on January 26 . [73]
On April 14, 2022 local time, Pfizer said it had found a "high" immune response in children aged 5 to 11 receiving its COVID-19 vaccine booster shot. [88]
A novel coronavirus drug
On November 22, 2021, according to the latest news, the new coronavirus drugs BRII-196 and BRII-198 jointly developed by Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and Tengshengbo Pharmaceutical have been blinded in clinical phase III, and the drug administration group achieved zero deaths after 28 days of treatment, and the control group 8 deaths, the detailed results will be announced in the near future. It is also the fastest progressing antibody drug in China and is expected to be approved for conditional marketing by the end of December. Compared with the new coronavirus antibody drugs that have been approved for emergency use in Europe and the United States, this drug is the only one that has evaluated and obtained data on the treatment effect of infected people with mutated strains. [51]
In December 2021, the novel coronavirus monoclonal neutralizing antibody ambavizumab/Romisivir combination therapy, led by Professor Zhang Linqi, professor of Tsinghua University School of Medicine and director of Tsinghua University Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center and Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, was approved by the China Drug Administration on December 8. For the treatment of mild and general forms of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in adults and adolescents (12-17 years of age, weight ≥40kg) with a high risk of progression to severe disease, including hospitalization or death. Among them, adolescents (12-17 years old, weight ≥40kg) were conditionally approved as indications. [55]
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19
Astrazeneca China's "wechat public account on December 11, 2021, recently, Astrazeneca Long-acting antibody (LAAB) combination Evusheld (combination of tixagevimab and cilgavimab) has been approved by the United States Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prolaxis against COVID-19. The first drugs will be available soon. [56]
Astrazeneca said on May 23 that its coronavirus vaccine had been approved in the European Union as a third booster dose for adults. Its Vaxzevria vaccine is now available as a third booster shot for patients who have previously received Vaxzevria or other EU-approved vaccines. [103]
Neutralizing antibody combination therapy
December 17, 2021 News, recently, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Announced the emergency approval of Tengshenghua innovative coronavirus neutralization and antibody combination treatment drug ambavizumab injection and Romisivir injection registration application. Li Ankang, chief financial officer and biomedical doctor of Tengsheng Pharmaceutical, said: Neutralizing antibody combination therapy is to find neutralizing antibodies specifically for the new coronavirus from the human body, further optimize it, and select a pair of neutralizing antibodies combined in different parts of the new coronavirus for large-scale production to make stable and controllable drugs. Its advantages: first, it is a pair of long-acting antibodies; Second, safety comes from the human body; Third, in terms of effectiveness, it reduced the risk of death and hospitalization by 80% in phase III clinical trials; Fourth, there is a pair of combination therapies, with two antibodies at the same time, and high coverage of various mutated strains. [61]
Oral drug
On December 22, 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first oral drug that can be used urgently to treat COVID-19 infection in adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 and in children aged 12 years and older, as well as those at higher risk of severe disease. The FDA said in a statement that the oral drug, made by U.S. company Pfizer, is called Paxlovid It consists of two antiviral drugs. It should be taken as soon as possible after the diagnosis of COVID-19 and within 5 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, and should not be used continuously for more than 5 days. [63] On January 21, 2022, the South Korean government decided to expand the target of COVID-19 oral medicine from the current age of 65 or older to Over 60 years old. [71]
On March 23, 2022, the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety announced its decision to approve Merck's oral drug for COVID-19 Monupivir Emergency use authorization. [80]
On April 21, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) official website news, WHO approved the use in high-risk patients with COVID-19 Pfizer The oral drug Paxlovid. [91]
On April 23, 2022, Japanese drugmaker Shionogi Pharmaceutical said on the 22nd that the company has started to cooperate with United States government Talks to plan to supply its oral COVID-19 drugs currently under development. [92]
In April 2022, according to the Wall Street Journal "Reported, United States Food and Drug Administration The FDA said on Monday it had expanded its approval of Veklury as the first coronavirus treatment for infants and young children. Previously, Veklury had only been approved to treat certain adult and child patients infected with the novel coronavirus. [94]
Plant protein technology vaccine
On February 24, 2022, Health Canada announced that it authorized Covifenz, a novel coronavirus vaccine developed by Medicago, to be used in adults aged 18 to 64. This is the sixth COVID-19 vaccine approved in Canada, and the first locally developed COVID-19 vaccine, Covifenz is the first COVID-19 vaccine using plant protein technology. [76]
AI technology to develop long-lasting COVID-19 vaccines
According to reports on April 11, 2022, Japan's NEC Corporation announced on the 8th that it has begun to develop a COVID-19 vaccine using the most cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) technology. [85]
Valneva COVID-19 vaccine in France
On April 14, 2022, Bloomberg reported that the UK's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approved a COVID-19 vaccine developed by French biotech company Valneva, according to a government statement. The Valneva vaccine becomes the sixth COVID-19 vaccine to be authorised by the MHRA. [87]
Novavax vaccine in the US
On April 18th, Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare The U.S. government's panel on Tuesday approved a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax, a U.S. biotechnology company. The ministry plans to quickly approve the vaccine, which will become the fourth COVID-19 vaccine that can be used in Japan. [89]
On April 21, 2022, the British "Financial Times" reported that Novavax published clinical data on the first combined vaccine for COVID-19 and influenza, and initially found that the two-in-one vaccine may be safe and effective. [90]
On June 4, 2022, the Wall Street Journal reported that US health regulators said Novavax's vaccine was 90 percent effective in preventing the novel coronavirus in its pivotal clinical trial, but that performance was before the emergence of the Omicron variant, which is more prone to immune escape from the vaccine than earlier viruses. In separate studies, six people who received the Novavax vaccine developed cardiac inflammation, known as myocarditis and pericarditis, and outside advisers are scheduled to discuss next week whether to recommend FDA approval of the vaccine. [104]
Reco Bionew adjuvant recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine
On May 2, 2022, Rekbio issued an announcement announcing that its new adjuvant recombinant protein novel coronavirus vaccine ReCOV clinical trial application was approved by the Drug Review Center of the State Drug Administration.
China has discovered and patented new coronavirus drugs that rank high in their ability to suppress the virus
On May 10, 2022, a new novel coronavirus treatment drug discovered by Chinese scientists was granted a national invention patent. The patent specification shows that 10 μm (micromol/l) stephanolin inhibits coronavirus replication by a factor of 15,393. [99]
Clinical trials of oral anti-COVID-19 innovative drugs approved sentient Pharmaceutical innovative drug development news
On the evening of May 15, 2022, Sentient Pharmaceutical announced that the clinical trial of oral anti-novel coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitor RAY1216 tablets of Guangdong Sentient Rui Chuang Biotechnology Co., LTD., a holding subsidiary of the company, was approved by the State Drug Administration and received the "Drug Clinical Trial Approval Notice". Approved RAY1216 tablets for clinical trials. [101]
Moderna says its modified version of the COVID-19 vaccine produces a stronger immune response to the Omicron variant
On June 9, 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that Moderna said that in a new study, a modified version of the COVID-19 vaccine booster shot had a stronger immune response against the Omicron mutant strain compared to the company's original vaccine, and researchers found that People who received the modified version of the vaccine had 1.75 times higher levels of neutralizing antibodies to Omicron than those who received the original booster shot. [105]
Reco Bio: Omicron variant COVID-19 mRNA vaccine received clinical approval in the Philippines
In June 2022, Reco Bio Group received clinical trial approval for its novel coronavirus mRNA vaccine R520A from the Philippine National Food and Drug Administration. [106]
St. Regis Bio: The world's first freeze-dried mRNA vaccine against the Omicron strain of COVID-19 enters the clinical stage
On June 27, 2022, Shenzhen St. Regis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. announced that its freeze-dried novel coronavirus Omicron strain mRNA vaccine RH109 was obtained clinical approval in New Zealand and the Philippines by its joint venture company (Wuhan Regis Biotechnology Co., LTD.). This approval marks the world's first freeze-dried COVID-19 Omicron mRNA vaccine into the clinical stage. [107]
SK Biotech: The first Korean-made COVID-19 vaccine has been approved for use
On June 29, 2022, a novel coronavirus vaccine developed by SK Bioscience was approved by the final inspection committee of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. South Korea is now capable of developing its own COVID-19 treatment and vaccines and producing them. South Korea's Ministry of Food and Drug Safety held a final inspection committee to approve SK Biotech's COVID-19 vaccine SKYCovione™ (GBP510). [108]
Novavax: Expects to launch a COVID-19 vaccine against Omicron in the fourth quarter
On July 2, 2022, Reuters reported that Novavax, a U.S. vaccine development company, expects to provide a COVID-19 vaccine against the Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 mutant strains in the fourth quarter of 2022. Ensure that booster shots introduced in the fall contain ingredients that protect against Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 mutated strains. [110]
Neutralizing antibody Evusheld for infection prevention
On July 5, 2022, according to Haikou Customs, Boao Airport Customs under Haikou Customs completed the approval of entry special goods for the first time to import neutralizing antibody Evusheld (Enxide) in China, with a total value of 21.980,200 yuan. The drug is mainly used for adults and adolescents (≥12 years old). Weight ≥40 kg) for NCOV pre-exposure prophylaxis. [111]
China's first oral anti-COVID-19 drug with proprietary intellectual property rights has been approved
On July 25, 2022, according to the relevant provisions of the Drug Administration Law, the State Food and Drug Administration conducted an emergency review and approval in accordance with the special drug approval procedure, and conditionally approved the application for Azvudine tablets of Henan Real Biotechnology Co., Ltd. to add indications for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. [113]
On August 9, 2022, according to the National Health Commission, according to the State Food and Drug Administration's conditional approval of azivudine tablets to increase the application for registration of indications for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, in order to further improve the antiviral treatment plan for novel coronavirus pneumonia, the drug was included in the "Novel coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (ninth edition)" after research. [114]
On August 15, 2022 local time, according to local media reports, the UK medical regulatory authorities approved the novel coronavirus vaccine booster made by vaccine company Modena. The vaccine is said to work against both the original coronavirus and the Omicron variant. The UK was the first country to approve the vaccine. [115] .
South Korea has launched its first domestically produced coronavirus vaccination campaign
On September 13, 2022, South Korea's Asia Daily News reported that from the same day, South Korea started the first domestic novel coronavirus vaccine developed by SK Biosciences. [117]

Protection notice

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EDITOR
On January 24, 2020, the General Administration of Customs and the National Health Commission issued the" Announcement on prevention and control of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus 1. Entry and exit personnel who have fever, cough, dyspnea and other discomfort on their way out or into China shall declare to the Customs on their own initiative and cooperate with the Customs in temperature monitoring, medical inspection, medical investigation and other health quarantine work. 2. In case of fever, cough, dyspnea and other symptoms occurring during the operation of the means of transport, the entry-exit personnel shall promptly inform the crew of the means of transport, and the person in charge of the means of transport shall provide the passengers with personal protective equipment and report to the Customs at the port of entry and exit in time. 3. Travelers should maintain good personal hygiene habits during travel, such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks and avoiding close contact with patients with acute respiratory infections. If you have a fever with acute respiratory infection such as cough and difficulty breathing, you should seek medical attention immediately and explain your recent travel history to your doctor. Fourth, immigration personnel can be concerned National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Get the latest health information. If you have symptoms, seek medical attention immediately and explain your recent travel history to your doctor. 5. The Customs will dynamically adjust control measures at ports in real time according to the progress of the epidemic. [28]
On February 3, 2020, Central state agency housing fund management center Publish the Notice on Strengthening the Housing Provident Fund Service Guarantee of Central Government Agencies in coordination with epidemic prevention and control Work ". The "Notice" includes pneumonia infected by the novel coronavirus in the scope of serious disease withdrawal housing provident fund, and patients can withdraw their housing provident fund for medical expenses; Enterprises in the wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, logistics and transportation, cultural tourism and other industries that are affected by the epidemic and have difficulties in production and operation can also apply for a delay in paying the housing provident fund in accordance with the regulations, and resume paying the housing provident fund after the enterprise's efficiency improves. [29]
On February 20, 2020, the press conference of the Joint prevention and control Mechanism of The State Council, Director of the Department of Pharmaceutical Management of the National Medical Insurance Bureau Xiong Xianjun In order to ensure that patients will not be affected by the cost of medical treatment and that treatment hospitals will not be affected by the payment policy, the National Medical Insurance Administration has worked with relevant departments to establish a fee reduction policy for the special group of confirmed and suspected patients of the novel coronavirus pneumonia to provide protection for the prevention and control of the epidemic [30] .
On March 30, 2020, he interviewed the comrade in charge of the medical service Management Department of the National Medical Insurance Bureau Xiong Xianjun As of March 15, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps According to the report, there were 93,238 medical insurance settlements (including multiple outpatient settlements) for confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients in China, involving a total cost of 1,039.6 million yuan, and a total payment of 677.34 million yuan from the medical insurance system. The number of confirmed patients in the country was 44,189, involving a total cost of 752.48 million yuan, with a per capita cost of 17,000 yuan, of which the proportion of medical insurance payment was about 65% (the remaining part was subsidized by the government).
December 28, 2020," National Basic Medical Insurance, Work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance drug list (2020) "Published. This adjustment attaches great importance to the guarantee of drugs related to the treatment of COVID-19, including ribavirin injection and Arbidol granules, and all the drugs listed in the latest version of the national COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plan have been included in the national medical insurance catalog, helping to prevent and control the epidemic with practical actions. [31]

Name determination

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EDITOR
At a press conference held on the afternoon of February 8, 2020, the spokesperson of the National Health and Health Commission said that the pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus was temporarily named the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Novel coronavirus pneumonia ) [32] COVID-19 (Novel coronavirus pneumonia) NCP ). [33]
The official name of COVID-19, announced by the World Health Organization on Twitter.
Director-general of the World Health Organization Tedros Ghebreyesus On February 11, 2020, it was announced that the pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus will be named "Corona Virus Disease 2019" (Corona Virus Disease 2019), which is translated as "2019 coronavirus disease" in Chinese. [1] . Its name is explained as: CO stands for Corona, VI stands for Virus, D stands for Disease, and 19 for the outbreak of the disease in 2019. At the same time, the International Committee on Classification of Viruses announced that the new Coronavirus has been named "SARS-CoV-2" (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2); The virus was identified as a sister virus of the SARS coronavirus. [34]
On February 22, 2020, the NHC published a notice on its official website, deciding to revise the English name of "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "COVID-19", which is consistent with the name of the World Health Organization, while the Chinese name remains unchanged.
On December 26, 2022, the National Health Commission issued a notice to change the name of the novel coronavirus pneumonia Novel coronavirus infection . [125]

Control type

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EDITOR
In February 2020, Announcement No. 1 of the National Health Commission included pneumonia infected by the novel coronavirus in the" Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Class B infectious diseases, and take preventive and control measures for class A infectious diseases. [35]
On December 26, 2022, the National Health Commission issued a notice, with the approval of The State Council, lifting the prevention and control measures for Class A infectious diseases stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases for the novel coronavirus infection from January 8, 2023; Novel coronavirus infections are no longer included in the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the Peoples Republic of China "Provisions on the management of quarantinable infectious diseases. [125]

Expert opinion

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EDITOR
On February 10, 2020, when Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, President Zhang Dingyu COVID-19 is actually a self-limiting disease. Most of the patients, including severe and critically ill patients, can be discharged successfully after various oxygen therapy, symptomatic treatment and immunomodulatory treatment. [36]
October 30, 2021, Zhang Wenhong He said that in the future, after the national and global vaccination, people should still try to minimize gatherings, wear masks in crowded places indoors and strengthen ventilation. [46]
At 15:00 on March 22, 2022, the joint prevention and control mechanism of The State Council held a press conference at which Liang Wannian, head of the expert group of the epidemic Response Leading Group of the National Health Commission, put forward three epidemic prevention misunderstandings:
The first myth is that the Omicron variant is mild, with some calling it "big flu." In this regard, Liang Wannian reminded that from a professional point of view, it can not be said that the Omicron variant is a "large flu", it is still harmful, especially to the huge 1.4 billion population is harmful.
The second misconception is that some countries in the world have relaxed or even laid down, and some people think that they have done so, and China should follow suit. Liang Wannian pointed out that "We must deeply understand that different countries have different foundations and different prevention and control concepts." China's philosophy of prevention and control is to put people and life first, and it will not improve the level of population immunity through passive immunization. It's about fighting disease and reducing infections through active immunization and capacity building."
The third misconception is that the mutation of the novel coronavirus is a very important feature, and no one can guarantee that the Omicron strain is the last mutant strain. Therefore, we must have a clear understanding and adhere to the current general strategy and general policy. [81]
On October 31, 2022, Zhengzhou Health Commission issued a document: The novel coronavirus pneumonia is a self-limited disease. [120]
On May 22, 2023, Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS) Academicians warned at the Greater Bay Area Science Forum that a large-scale "two Yang tides" may be coming. Academician Wang Chen, a well-known expert in respiratory medicine and critical care, said that as the first domestic 3CL anti-novel coronavirus drug, Synnoxine is expected to play a key role in preventing severe cases. [130]

Make an impact

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EDITOR

China

Press conference on prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia
On February 20, 2020, the COVID-19 prevention and control headquarters of Hubei Province issued a notice saying that currently, the epidemic prevention and control in the province is in the most critical period, and the epidemic situation has begun to show positive changes, but the overall situation is still grim and complex. In order to consolidate and expand the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control, resolutely stop the spread of the epidemic, and effectively protect people's life and health, according to the" Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China "" Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases "And Hubei Province significant public health emergency In the relevant provisions of the Level I response mechanism, the prevention and control headquarters has notified the following on the matters related to the continued delay of the return of enterprises to work and the opening of schools: [37]
All kinds of enterprises in Hubei Province should resume work no earlier than 24:00 on March 10. Except for enterprises that are necessary for the prevention and control of the epidemic (production and sales of medical equipment, drugs, protective products, etc.), necessary for the operation of public utilities (water supply, power supply, oil and gas, communications, etc.), necessary for people's livelihood (supermarkets, food production and supply, etc.), and other related enterprises that involve important national economy and people's livelihood. Enterprises returning to work should strictly implement various epidemic prevention and control measures and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers in accordance with the law. The competent departments of all industries should strengthen the guidance and supervision of epidemic prevention work of enterprises and resolutely prevent cluster infections.
Colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools, secondary vocational schools, technical colleges and kindergartens in the province postponed the opening of the term. The specific opening time will be determined after scientific assessment based on the epidemic prevention and control situation, and announced to the public in advance.
The majority of residents (including non-residents on leave to visit relatives and friends in Hubei) should strictly abide by the epidemic prevention and control requirements in their current places, minimize travel, do not participate in gathering activities, and do a good job of home environmental hygiene. Masks must be worn in and out of public places, and those who do not listen to dissuades will be dealt with in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
All localities should earnestly implement the requirements of this circular, further strengthen the main responsibility, and effectively grasp the various epidemic prevention and control and service guarantee measures, to ensure that the overall social situation is stable and orderly.
It is hoped that the broad masses of the people will continue to understand and cooperate with, actively participate in and support the epidemic prevention and control work, strengthen confidence, work together, help each other, tide over difficulties, and jointly win the people's war, the general war and the battle against the epidemic. [37]

internation

The number of confirmed cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia
On December 28, 2021, World Health Organization The latest figures released show a total of 28,119,931 confirmed cases worldwide. [64]
On March 25, 2020, WTO Director-General Roberto Azevedo said the pandemic would have a huge impact on the global economy. "Recent forecasts point to a [global] downturn and mass unemployment that will be worse than the financial crisis of 12 years ago," he said. Many countries are already experiencing economic downturns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The restrictions imposed to slow the spread of the virus have hit the real sector hard, with large numbers of workers facing job losses. The WTO chief called on countries to maintain open trade and fight the epidemic together. [38]
According to Agence France-Presse, the latest statistics as of January 1, 2021 local time show that since the outbreak of COVID-19, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Europe has exceeded 100 million, accounting for more than one-third of the global total. [65]
As of 18:24 CET on October 21, 2022, the number of confirmed cases worldwide increased by 294,250 from the previous day, reaching 623,893,894; The number of deaths rose by 760 to 65 53936 cases. [119]
On January 10, 2024 local time, the Director-General of the World Health Organization Tedros Ghebreyesus At a regular news conference, he said that factors such as the gathering of holiday crowds and the JN.1 mutation caused the novel coronavirus to accelerate its spread around the world in December last year. Tedros said the WHO had received reports of nearly 10,000 deaths from COVID-19 in December. The number of hospitalized patients infected with the novel coronavirus increased by 42 percent in December compared to November, and the number of patients in intensive care increased by 62 percent. [133]
Austria
On January 20, 2022, Austria's parliament approved mandatory vaccination for adults against COVID-19 starting in February, becoming the first EU country to do so. [72]
Tunisia
The Tunisian Ministry of Health announced on January 6, 2022 that 6.01 million Tunisians have been vaccinated against COVID-19, accounting for about half of the country's population. [68]
Kenya
In March 2022, Kenya's Health Minister Mutasi Kagwe said the country had nearly 840,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine that had expired. These Astrazeneca vaccines are part of a vaccine donation to Kenya in January 2022. Mutashi Kagwe said that in the future Kenya would only accept donations of vaccines with a shelf life of at least four months. He again stressed that the publicity of vaccines should be intensified, and the public should not resist vaccines, let alone listen to rumors. [82]

Nurse shortage

In December 2021, International Council of Nurses The number of nurses worldwide is falling further amid the spread of the Omicron strain, according to the ICN. There is also an imbalance in the global distribution of nurses as Western countries step up recruitment of health care workers from Africa and other poorer countries. [57]

Hungry people

On December 15, 2021, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and United Nations Children's Fund The food security and nutrition situation in the Asia-Pacific region is worsening due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 375 million people facing hunger in 2020, nearly 54 million more than in 2019, according to a joint report. [60]

Virus research

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Difference study

On March 3, 2020, a Preprints with The Lancet research paper was published on SSRN, a preprint server and early-stage research platform. Wuhan University People's Hospital For the first time, the team analyzed the possible particularities of women in the transmission of the novel coronavirus.
Coronavirus rendering
For the first time, research has shown that women exhibit different characteristics than men in the transmission of COVID-19, with women not only experiencing relatively mild symptoms, but also having a longer incubation period than men, possibly because women naturally have stronger antiviral immunity than men. During the screening process, regardless of whether women have symptoms, as long as the history of exposure is clear, they should be tested for nucleic acid, and women under medical observation should be isolated for more than 14 days. [39]

Research finding

In March 2020, Children's National Medical Center Children of all ages are sensitive to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), and there is no significant gender difference, according to a new study by Professor Tong Shilu and his team at Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. [40]
On March 30, 2021, the China-WHO Joint Study on Tracing the origin of the novel Coronavirus was released in Geneva. According to the report, many of the early cases in Wuhan were related to the South China seafood market, but there were also cases related to other markets, which shows that the South China seafood market is not the original source of the novel coronavirus, and it is not yet clear how the virus spread to the South China market. [41]
Based on existing scientific evidence and findings, the joint expert group conducted a qualitative risk assessment on the possibility of introducing the new coronavirus into four transmission routes to humans, and evaluated it on five levels: "highly unlikely", "impossible", "possible", "more likely" and "very likely".
According to the report, the virus is "likely to more likely" to be transmitted directly from an original animal host to humans, "more likely to more likely" to be introduced to humans via an intermediate host, "likely" to be transmitted through cold-chain food, and "highly unlikely" to be transmitted through laboratory events.
To detect and confirm early COVID-19 cases, the epidemiological team evaluated surveillance data on the incidence of respiratory disease in Wuhan and surrounding areas at the end of 2019. In all of these studies, there was no evidence that the virus affected the incidence of respiratory disease in the months before the outbreak.
The molecular Traceability working group analyzed genomic data from viruses collected from animals. There is already evidence that the most closely related coronaviruses exist in bats and pangolins, suggesting that the two mammals may be hosts of the virus, but the virus is not similar enough to be a direct ancestor of the virus. In addition, animals such as minks and cats are highly susceptible to COVID-19, suggesting that there may be other animals as potential hosts.
The Animal and Environment Working Group has found no presence of the novel coronavirus in its samples and tests of wild animals in China. The Zoology and Environment Working Group analyzed coronaviruses related to the novel coronavirus found in animals such as Daisy bats and pangolins. In more than 80,000 samples of wild animals, livestock and poultry collected from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China before and after the outbreak, no positive antibody or nucleic acid of the novel coronavirus was detected Sexual results. [42]
On June 15, 2021, the Voice of America website reported that according to a new US government study, the novel coronavirus was present in the United States in December 2019, weeks before health officials first identified cases of infection. A team that included researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conducted a study that analyzed 24,000 blood samples. Their findings show that certain Americans were infected with the virus as early as mid-December 2019, weeks before the world recognized an outbreak of a deadly new virus in the Chinese city of Wuhan. [43]
On July 14, 2021, the international authoritative scientific journal "Nature" published a study pointing out that scientists have found a "super antibody" that can not only fight a variety of new coronavirus variants, but also against other closely related coronaviruses, and this new discovery may help develop a wider range of vaccines and treatments.
According to the paper published in Nature, the lead author of the study is from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, USA. One of the neutralizing antibodies, called S2H97, was found to target and attach to all the receptor binding domains of the virus listed in the experiments, Starr said. "It's called the coolest antibody we've ever had." The team's further study of "S2H97" showed that it can identify a previously invisible and well-hidden region of the virus binding domain that only pops out of the binding domain when it binds to a human cell receptor, and then prevents the virus from spreading by neutralizing it. This is also why this "super antibody" S2H97 can widely fight against viruses such as the novel coronavirus pneumonia and SARS under the B coronavirus branch B. [44]
On February 24, 2022, Vice President and Chief Scientist of Sinopharm China Biology Zhang Yuntao "For the Omicron variant that is currently highly concerned around the world, we have systematically developed four vaccines on three technical routes: inactivation, mRNA and gene recombination. [75]
On March 8, 2022, Reuters reported, University of Oxford One study found that COVID-19 causes the brain to shrink, reducing grey matter in areas that control emotions and memory, and damaging areas that control smell. [78]

virus variation

On 26 November 2021, WHO held an emergency meeting to discuss the B.1.1.529 COVID-19 variant. After the meeting, the WHO issued a statement listing it as a "Variant of Concern" and named it Omicron. It was first reported to WHO by South Africa on November 24, and the first sample infected with the variant was collected on November 9, the WHO said in a statement. The mutant contains a large number of mutations, some of which are worrisome. Preliminary studies have shown that this variant leads to an increased risk of re-infection with the virus in humans compared to other variants that are "of concern." [52]
On December 8, 2021, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that 57 countries and territories had been affected by the novel coronavirus mutation Omicron This strain is expected to continue to spread and will have a significant impact on the global outbreak, but it is difficult to predict the exact situation at this time. [54]
On December 12, 2021, the World Health Organization said local time that the Omicron strain had spread to 63 countries and territories, and this variant was spreading rapidly in South Africa and the United Kingdom. [58]
News from December 20, 2021, Hong Kong A total of 12,533 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported, 19 of which involve the Omicron variant. [62]
On January 5, 2022, according to a number of French media reports, on December 9 last year, the French Marseille Mediterranean Infectious Disease Medical and Teaching Institute said that a new variant of the novel coronavirus was found, the strain number is B.1.640.2, also known as the "IHU" strain. This strain contains 46 mutation sites and 37 deletions. The strain was first detected in a patient who had returned to France from Congo. So far, a total of 12 cases of the strain have been identified by the Marseille Mediterranean Institute for Medical and Teaching Infectious Diseases. Due to the small number of samples, it is currently difficult to assess its infectivity and risk. The World Health Organization has listed the strain as the COVID-19 variant under observation. [66-67]
Local time on January 11, 2022, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention According to estimates released by the CDC, in the week ending January 8, 2022, the number of cases of the variant Omicron strain accounted for 98.3% of the total number of new cases of COVID-19 in the United States, which is slightly higher than the previous week. [69]
On March 30, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report saying that more than 600 genetic sequences have been reported and confirmed for a recombinant strain known as XE, previously discovered in the United Kingdom. Early investigations suggest that the new strain has a growth rate advantage of about 10% compared to the current global dominant Omicron BA.2 strain, but because the data sample is too small, whether it will become a potential future threat remains to be seen One step observation. [83]
April 12, 2022 news, South Korea found the first confirmed case of COVID-19 recombinant strain XE, the case is asymptomatic, has received three doses of COVID-19 vaccine, confirmed on March 23. The XE strain is a recombination of the Omicron subtypes BA.1 and BA.2, and British health Department data show that it is spreading faster than BA.2. [86]
On January 5, 2022, according to a number of French media reports, on December 9 last year, the French Marseille Mediterranean Infectious Disease Medical and Teaching Institute said that a new variant of the novel coronavirus was found, the strain number is B.1.640.2, also known as the "IHU" strain. This strain contains 46 mutation sites and 37 deletions. The strain was first detected in a patient who had returned to France from Congo. So far, a total of 12 cases of the strain have been identified by the Marseille Mediterranean Institute for Medical and Teaching Infectious Diseases. Due to the small number of samples, it is currently difficult to assess its infectivity and risk. The World Health Organization has listed the strain as the COVID-19 variant under observation. [67]
In May 2022, according to CCTV news, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare released news on May 12 that two new subtypes of the Omicron strain of the new coronavirus were confirmed for the first time in quarantine in Japan, known as "BA.4" and "BA.5", which are more infectious than the Omicron subtype strain "BA.2". [98]
On August 9, 2023 local time, World Health Organization It listed the new coronavirus variant EG.5 as "of concern" and called on countries to continue monitoring. Among them, US media said that the new coronavirus variant EG.5 is rapidly spreading in the United States, and the number of new coronavirus infections has surged. [131]
On February 4, 2024, the National Health Commission held a press conference, China JN.1 variant strains in local cases have become the dominant epidemic strains, mainly mild strains. On February 1, according to monitoring data from the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The COVID-19 infection is still at a low epidemic level. The positive rate of COVID-19 in influenza-like cases in sentinel hospitals in the past week was 6.4%, and the proportion of JN.1 variant strains gradually increased. [134]

Survival time

In January 2022, sporadic cases appeared in many places, in addition to the "human-to-human transmission" of the virus, it is necessary to pay attention to another way - "physical transmission". Studies have shown that the virus can survive for two hours on paper, two days on clothing surfaces and seven days on metal surfaces such as stainless steel, CCTV.com reported. In addition, in cold conditions, the virus can survive on the surface for a longer time. [70]

Mourning activity

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  • China
To express the people of all ethnic groups in China's deep condolences for the martyrs and compatriots who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus pandemic, The State Council A National Day of mourning will be held on April 4, 2020. During this period, the national flag and the Chinese embassies and consulates in foreign countries flew at half-mast in mourning, and public entertainment activities were suspended nationwide. From 10 o 'clock on April 4, people across the country observed three minutes of silence, cars, trains and ships honked their horns, and air defense sirens blared. [7]
  • America
Members of the U.S. Congress observe a moment of silence outside the Capitol in Washington on June 14, 2021, in honor of the approximately 600,000 Americans who have died of COVID-19. [43]
On December 15, 2021, the Washington National Cathedral began tolling 800 times at 17:00 Eastern Time in honor of the 800,000 people who have lost their lives to the COVID-19 pandemic. [59]
"Today, we mark a tragic milestone: 1 million Americans have died from COVID-19," U.S. President Joe Biden said in a statement on the White House website on May 12, 2022. In Washington, the US flag flies at half-staff around the Washington Monument to commemorate the coronavirus victims. [100]

List of experts

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On 3 September 2020, the Co-chairs of the WHO Panel of Experts on COVID-19 Response Assessment announced the members of the panel at a briefing of member States. Zhong Nanshan, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Director of the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, was selected. [9]

Current situation of the epidemic

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Overseas: Overseas COVID-19 developments in 2020 , Overseas COVID-19 developments in 2021 , Overseas COVID-19 developments in 2022
China: China's COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 , China's COVID-19 epidemic in 2021 , The COVID-19 outbreak in China in 2022
United States: The 2020 U.S. coronavirus epidemic , COVID-19 in the United States in 2021 , COVID-19 in the United States in 2022
India: COVID-19 in India in 2021

Set up awards

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Association for Computing machinery ( ACM It was first established in 2020 Gordon Bell Prize New Crown Special Award . [48] 47 -

Intellectual property

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On May 3, 2022 local time, World Trade Organization It was announced that representatives of the four parties involved in the negotiations on intellectual property exemptions for COVID-19 vaccines had agreed on an "outcome document". Wto Director-General Joaquin Iweala has expressed hope that the 164 WTO members will reach a final agreement in June. The four parties involved in the talks are representatives from European Union , India , S.Africa and America . [96]

Related event

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EDITOR
In July 2019, "e-cigarette pneumonia" broke out in the United States. In November, a batch of American lobsters were transported via the cold chain to Wuhan, Hubei province; In December, the novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan. Business employees who had contact with this batch of lobsters and store staff who used lobster packaging bags became the first batch of infected people, and the United States "electronic cigarette pneumonia" disappeared. [79]
On April 2, 2022, Taiwan's "epidemic Command Center" confirmed on April 2 that table tennis players Lin Yunru The patient was asymptomatic. [84]
On April 23, 2022, the Singapore Health Department announced that it would further relax its quarantine restrictions. Among them, from April 26, vaccinated passengers will not be required to take a COVID-19 test before boarding a flight. It will be the first country in Asia to abolish pre-virus testing for COVID-19 vaccinators. [93]
On the afternoon of May 1, 2022, the clinical study of the new coronavirus inactivated vaccine of Omicron Variant (hereinafter referred to as the "Olympic strain") developed by Sinopsin Group's Beijing Institute of Biological Products officially completed the first dose of inoculation in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. This is the world's first inactivated vaccine against the Omicron variant to enter clinical trials . [95]
In 2022, Professor Fernanda Ludorf, a medical expert at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil, and his team developed a urine-based Elisa test using the novel coronavirus protein N, the recombinant nuclecapsid protein, which the team claims is able to detect the presence of antibodies against the novel coronavirus in urine. [102]
On July 2, 2022, Jeffrey Sachs, chair of the Lancet Commission on Covid-19, claimed that the deadly COVID-19 virus did not come from nature. The virus does not have any natural origin, rather it was created in an accident in a US biotechnology laboratory. He made the announcement at a conference in Spain at the GATE Center think tank. [109]
In December 2022, Secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Chairman of the Infection Branch of the Chinese Society of Chinese Medicine Gu Xiaohong Says three years after the coronavirus spread, lung infections are rare. From the perspective of experts, the novel coronavirus pneumonia should be renamed "new coronavirus epidemic." [124]
On February 17, 2023, Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare "Coronavirus 2019" is being considered as a possible new name. [128]
In December 2023, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention According to the CDC, JN.1 is currently the fastest growing COVID-19 variant in the United States, and it is expected to continue to increase its proportion in the COVID-19 genome sequence. As of December 8, 2023, CDC estimates that JN.1 variants account for 15 to 29 percent of the circulating variants in the United States, up from less than 1 percent in the November 27 estimate. According to the CDC, the current continued growth of JN.1 suggests that it is either more contagious or better at evading our immune systems. However, there is no evidence that JN.1 poses a higher risk to public health than other variants currently circulating. [132]
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