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Henan Province, short for"
prepare
",
Provincial administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
, the provincial capital
Zhengzhou
It is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in central and eastern China
Anhui (Province)
,
Shandong (Province)
, North connection
Hebei (Province)
,
Shanxi (Province)
, Siljan
Shaanxi (Province)
, south approach
Hubei (Province)
With a total area of 167,000 square kilometers.
[1-2]
The terrain is looking north to south, connecting east to west, high in the west and low in the east, composed of plains and basins, mountains, hills and water; Ground span
Haihe River
,
The Yellow River
,
Huaihe River
,
Yangtse River
The four major river basins. Mostly located in
Warm temperate zone
Southern span
subtropics
It is a continental monsoon climate in the transition from the North subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone. By the end of 2023, Henan Province has jurisdiction over 17 prefecture-level cities, 21 county-level cities (including 1 county-level city directly administered by the province), 82 counties and 54 municipal districts.
[3]
[75]
[106]
The province has a permanent population of 98.15 million.
[143]
Henan Province is located in the combination of coastal open areas and central and western regions, is the middle zone of China's economic development from east to west echelon, is the main producing area of agricultural products, an important province of mineral resources, a province with a large population, an important comprehensive transportation hub and a center of people flow, logistics and information flow, and a large province of agriculture and grain transformation and processing.
[106]
In December 2021, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued a letter to support the construction of Zhengzhou
National new generation artificial intelligence innovation and development pilot zone
.
[73]
Henan Province is
Chinese nation
,
Fine traditional Chinese culture
and
Huaxia civilization
An important birthplace of the city,
[106]
[149]
is
In the summer
,
shang
,
weeks
The core area of the three generations of civilization, the three generations of civilization laid the foundation for the continuous development of Chinese civilization, condensed into a mature civilization form between the Heluo, and formed a radiating ruling pattern with the king as the center.
[83]
Henan history represents culture as"
Central plains culture
".
[95]
In history, more than 200 emperors in more than 20 dynasties established their capital in Henan.
[90]
Henan Province has the first underground cultural relics and the second above-ground cultural relics in the country, making it the largest province of cultural relics in the country.
[112-113]
By the end of 2022, there were 420 key cultural relics under state protection
[110]
125 of them have been selected into the national intangible Cultural Heritage list.
[74]
In 2023, the GDP of Henan Province will reach 5,913.239 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.1 percent
.
[140]
Henan, the hidden version of the carbon water empire!
2024-05-27 17:50
As the largest wheat province in China, Henan's wheat fields of more than 80 million mu nourish the people of the Central Plains and even the whole country. Flour, as the most common incarnation of wheat, is the sacred food material most closely related to the daily diet of Henan people, and it has transformed countless kinds of carbonated food called "really delicious" in the hands of Henan people.
... details
The content comes from
- Chinese name
- Henan Province
- Foreign name
- Henan Province
- alias
- Central Plains , Central region , Central Earth , Yuzhou [3]
- Administrative division code
- 410000 [65]
- Administrative category
- province
- Subordinate region
- People's Republic of China Central China
- Geographical position
- The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in east-central China and south of the North China Plain
- Area product
- 167000 km² [3]
- Subordinate area
- There are 17 prefecture-level cities and 1 county-level city directly under the jurisdiction of the province [3]
- Government premises
- No.22 Jinshui East Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou
- Telephone area code
- 0370-0379, 0391-0398
- Postal code
- 450000-477100.
- Climatic condition
- Temperate monsoon climate - Subtropical monsoon climate [3]
- Population number
- 98.15 million [143] (Permanent population at the end of 2023)
- Famous scenic spot
- Shaolin Temple , Longmen Grottoes , Yin Ruins , Between heaven and earth , Songshan Mountain , 黄帝故里 , White Horse Temple , Qingming River garden , haypo , Shangqiu ancient city , Mangdangsan , Wangwu Mountain , Hongqi Canal , Taihang Grand Canyon
- aerodrome
- Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport , Luoyang North suburb airport , Kaifeng southern suburb airport , Nanyang Jiangying Airport , Xinyang Minggang Airport
- Railway station
- Zhengzhou Railway Station , Zhengzhou East Railway Station , Zhengzhou West Railway Station , Zhengzhou Airport Station , Luoyang Railway Station , Luoyang Longmen Railway Station , Kaifeng station , Kaifeng North Railway Station , Anyang Railway Station , Anyang East Railway Station , Shangqiu Railway Station , Shangqiu South Railway Station , Nanyang Station
- License plate code
- Yale A - Yale V [3]
- Gross regional product
- 5,913.239 billion yuan [140] (2023)
- prefect
- Wang Kai [56]
- Secretary of provincial Party Committee
- Lou Yangsheng [55] 54 -
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Administrative division
- 3Geographical environment
- ▪Location boundary
- ▪geology
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- ▪hydrology
- ▪soil
- ▪Natural disaster
- 4Natural resources
- ▪Water resources
- ▪Plant resources
- ▪Animal resources
- ▪Forestry resources
- ▪Mineral resources
- 5population
- ▪Population number
- ▪Ethnic composition
- 6political
- 7economy
- ▪General situation
- ▪Primary industry
- ▪Secondary industry
- ▪Tertiary industry
- 8Social undertaking
- ▪Educational cause
- ▪Scientific and technological undertaking
- ▪Cultural undertaking
- ▪Sports cause
Located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Henan is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization, and human beings have lived and multiplied here as early as 500,000 years ago. In the Peiligang culture period seven or eight thousand years ago, there were agriculture, animal husbandry, pottery and other handicrafts. In the middle and late period of Longshan culture more than 4,000 years ago, the Central Plains entered the era of the use of stone and bronze, and the germination of private ownership and class emerged.
During the Shang Dynasty, the capital was established successively in Bo and West Bo (now
Luoyang
)
[78]
Xiao, Xiang, Xing, Yin and He
Songs of the imperial court
Etc.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Chengzhou built the capital city of Chengzhou Luoyi.
In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Luoyi (now Luoyang) was the capital.
Luoyang Longmen Grottoes - Lushena Buddha
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu made Luoyang his capital. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital was moved
Xuchang
.
Cao Cao made Luoyang the capital of Cao Wei and moved to Xuchang at the end of his reign.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan made Luoyang his capital.
北魏统一北方后，孝文帝迁都洛阳
[138]
.
The later Zhao, Ran Wei, former Yan, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi all made Anyang their capital.
In the Sui Dynasty, Luoyang was the eastern capital, and counties such as Henan County, Xingyang County, Chenliu County, and Liang County were established in Henan Province.
In the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was the eastern capital, during which the capital was moved several times. Luoyang, the eastern capital, was another national political, economic and cultural center besides Chang 'an.
[77]
In the territory of Honam, the capital of Gi-do and Honam Province was established. During Wu Zhou, Wu Zetan made Luoyang the capital of God and changed Luoyang into the capital of God.
In the five dynasties, the later Liang, the later Tang, the later Jin, the later Han, and the later Zhou all settled their capitals in Kaifeng and Luoyang.
The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty
Break a seal
With Kaifeng Prefecture (present-day Kaifeng) as Tokyo, Henan Prefecture (present-day Luoyang) as the West capital, and Yingtian Prefecture (present-day Shangqiu) as Nanjing.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou made Nanjing Ying Tianfu his capital (now
A surname
Inherited the imperial throne of the Song Dynasty, in order to continue the imperial and legal system of the Song Dynasty, the name of the country is still Song, known as the Southern Song.
In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (1214), the capital was moved to Kaifeng, and in the late period, the capital was moved to Shangqiu. After the Huaihe River was ruled by Song and Jin, the area south of the Huaihe River in Henan province belonged to the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Ming Dynasty, Henan Province had jurisdiction over eight prefectures and one Zhili prefecture.
Zhengzhou Greenland twin towers
Ruyi Lake CBD
Millennium Square
27 Memorial Tower
Zhengdong New District
Henan Art Center
Double Crane Lake Central Park
Zhongyuan pagoda
Ruyi Lake CBD
Ping An Bridge
Longzi Lake Wisdom Island
Zhengzhou Garden Expo Garden
Golden Waterway overpass
Zhengzhou Kurokawa Ji Zhang Memorial Hall
Zhengzhou Olympic Sports Center
Main campus of Zhengzhou University
Dennis David City
New museum of Art in Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou Olympic Sports Center
New museum of Zhengzhou
The Qing Dynasty basically followed the Ming Dynasty division.
Republic of China
Period, the second year of the Republic of China (1913), established
Eastern Yu Road
,
Western Yu Road
,
North Yu Road
,
Southern Yu Road
Luoyang was Wu Peifu's base. The 15th year of the Republic of China (1926),
Feng Yuxiang
attend
Northern Expedition
, stationed in Henan. The 17th year of the Republic of China (1928),
Zhang Guotao
,
Xu Xiangqian
Waiting to open up in the Dabie Mountains
Hubei-henan-anhui revolutionary base area
,
Xinyang
Xinxian County
It is the capital of the base area. In May 1930, the capital of Henan Province was moved from Kaifeng City
Shangqiu City
. On October 6 of the same year, the provincial capital of Henan was moved from Shangqiu to Kaifeng City. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), after the 128 Incident, the Republic of China moved its capital to Luoyang. Twenty-seven years of the Republic of China (1938), the Communist Party of China led the people of Eastern Henan to establish
Shuidong anti-Japanese base area
In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939),
Peng Xuefeng
Such proletarian revolutionaries opened up the anti-Japanese base areas of Henan, Anhui and Soviet, Shangqiu
Yongcheng
As the capital of the base area, in the thirty-third year of the Republic of China (1944), according to the instructions of the Central government to open up Henan economic strategy in the Central Plains,
Hebei Luyu Military Region
Send troops to the south to aid the anti-Japanese base area of Shuidong, open up
Shuixi anti-Japanese base area
Together with other forces to achieve the goal of controlling the Central Plains, the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945),
War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
Victory.
[58]
[64]
On December 12, 1946, in the 35th year of the Republic of China
Water East military division
Etc based on the formation
Henan, Anhui and Soviet military region
On May 9, the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948),
Central Plains Military region
Founded, January 10, 1949,
Huaihai Campaign
The victory was over and all of Henan was liberated.
[60]
On March 7, 1949,
Central Plains Provisional People's Government
Established.
[61]
In August 1949, the area north of the Yellow River was established as Plain Province, the capital of which was located in Xinxiang City, and Henan Province retained the area south of the Yellow River. In November 1952, the province of Pingyuan was abolished and most of its administrative areas were incorporated into Henan Province. In October 1954, the capital of Henan Province was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou.
[5-10]
(Due to space constraints, see the Annals of Henan Province for more historical content)
[11]
As of March 2023, Henan Province has jurisdiction over 17 prefecture-level cities, 21 county-level cities (including 1 county-level city directly administered by the province), 82 counties, 54 municipal districts, 1,180 towns, 586 townships and 692 sub-district offices.
[3]
[75]
[106]
Henan Provincial government in Jinshui, Zhengzhou
District Jinshui East Road 22.
[12]
|
Municipalities directly under the provincial government
|
Area code
|
License plate
|
Municipal district, county-level city, county
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
0371
|
Yale A/ Yale V
|
||
|
0371
|
Yu B
|
||
|
0379
|
Yale
|
||
|
0375
|
Yu D
|
||
|
0372
|
Yu E
|
||
|
0392
|
Henan F
|
||
|
0373
|
Yu G
|
||
|
0391
|
Yu H
|
||
|
0393
|
Yu J
|
||
|
0374
|
Yale
|
||
|
0395
|
Yu L
|
||
|
0398
|
Yu M
|
||
|
0370
|
Yu N
|
||
|
0394
|
Yu P
|
||
|
0396
|
Yu Q
|
||
|
0377
|
Yu R
|
||
|
0376
|
Yu S
|
||
|
0391
|
Yu U
|
||
|
Reference material
[13-14]
[47]
[98]
[114]
|
|||
Henan Province is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in east-central China and the south of the North China Plain. Geographical coordinates: from west to east longitude 110°21 ', east to east longitude 116°39 ', across longitude 6°18 ', linear distance of about 580 kilometers; South from 31°23 'north latitude, north to 36°22' north latitude, cross latitude 4°59 ', the linear distance of about 550 kilometers. It borders Shandong and Anhui to the east, Shaanxi to the west, Hebei and Shanxi to the north, and Hubei to the south; The total area of the province is 167,000 square kilometers, ranking 17th among provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the country, accounting for 1.73% of the total area of the country.
[2]
[99]
Henan Province
-
summarize
The geological structure of Henan province spans the North China Plate and the Yangtze Plate, with well-developed strata, frequent magmatic activity and complex geological structure, which provides favorable conditions for internal and external mineralization, and is an important area for the study of crust evolution in North China, South China and even China.
[109]
-
stratum
The strata in Henan Province are well developed, emerging from Archean to Cenozoic. The Luanchuan Gushi ductile shear zone is divided into North China and Qinling, which is divided into North Qinling and South Qinling by Zhenping Guishan ductile shear zone.
[109]
-
Intrusive rock
There are 466 rock masses in Henan Province, of which 85% are acidic rocks, 10% are neutral rocks, and the rest are basic-ultrabasic rocks and alkaline rocks. The intrusive rocks in Henan are old in the south and north, and new in the middle. The pre-Wangwushan intrusive rocks are only distributed in North China and are intrusions in the pre-orogenic stage. The Jinningian intrusive rocks are distributed in North China and South Qinling, indicating that the North China and Yangtze plate system began, plate subduction occurred and orogeny began. Caledonian Varissian granites are distributed in the northern and southern Qinling Mountains and are intrusive rocks in the subduction-collisional orogenic stage. Yanshanian granites are distributed in the Tongbai-Dabie Mountains in North China and South Qinling, and are granite in the post-orogenic stage.
[109]
-
Volcanic rock
In Henan Province, volcanic rocks are widely distributed, with an outlying area of 5300 square kilometers in Wangwushan, 1580 square kilometers in Caledonian, 330 square kilometers in Yanshan, 74 square kilometers in Alpine, and deep metamorphism in Songyang and Zhongtiao.
[109]
The terrain of Henan province is north to south, east to west, high in the west and low in the east, north, west and south from three sides
Taihang Mountains
,
Funiu Mountain
,
Tongbai Mountain
,
Dabie Mountains
The distribution is semi-circular along the provincial boundary. The middle and east are the Huang-Huai-hai alluvial plain; In the southwest lies Nanyang Basin. Plains and basins, mountains and hills account for 55.7%, 26.6% and 17.7% of the total area, respectively. Within Lingbao City
Crow turnout
It is the highest peak in the province, 2413.8 meters above sea level; The lowest elevation is located in the Huaihe province of Gushi County, only 23.2 meters.
[121
]
The landform of Henan province can be divided into five areas:
- 1.
The Huang-Huai-hai Plain is a great plain formed by the alluvial of the Yellow River, the Huai River and the Wei River, with a total area of more than 80,000 square kilometers, accounting for nearly 50% of the total area of the province. The plain is flat, south of the Yellow River, and slightly inclined to the southeast; The north of the Yellow River gradually slopes to the northeast. The elevation of the plain is mostly below 100 meters, the east drops to about 50 meters, and some places along the river in the northeast of Xinyang area are below 30 meters above sea level, which is the lowest terrain of the province. There is a huge alluvial fan of the Yellow River in the east of Mengjin. The riverbed of the Yellow River between Mengjin and Lankao is 3-7 meters higher than the ground level. In history, there are frequent breaches and flooding and diversion channels.
- 2.
The mountains in northern Henan Province, located in the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain and the north of the Yellow River, there are Lin Ling Mountain, Wangwu Mountain, etc., because of the fault action to form a single-sided mountain about 1500 meters above sea level, the mountain is tall and majestic. There are significant differences in landforms between the east and west sides of the mountain, and the northwest slope is gentle and gradually tilts into the Shanxi Plateau. The southeast slope falls precipitously and steeply in Huangweihe Plain. There are hills 300-400 meters above sea level in front of the mountain, and there are many small basins in the mountains, the larger basins such as Linxian and Qinyang, and the loess is widely distributed on the slopes and hilly areas.
- 3.
The four residual veins of the Qinling mountain system fan out to the northeast and southeast in the western part of the province, forming the vast area of the western Henan mountains. The northern branch of the Caries Mountain and its outgrowth, Han Shan, extend along the south bank of the Yellow River and are covered by thick layers of loess. The middle two are Xiong 'er Mountain and Waifang Mountain, the northeast end of Songshan 1440 meters above sea level, standing between low mountains and hills; The Funiu Mountain Range of the southern branch is in the northwest-southeast direction around the west and north edge of the Nanyang Basin, with majestic peaks stretching for hundreds of miles. Songshan and Funiu Mountain are the watershed between the Huaihe River basin and the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin. The whole mountain is generally 500-2000 meters above sea level. The Laojiaosha in Lingbao County is 2413.8 meters high, which is the highest peak in the province.
- 4.
Nanyang Basin, located between the western mountains and the southern mountains of Henan Province, is the erosion and alluvial plain of the Tanghe River and the Baihe River, tributaries of the Han River. The basin covers an area of about 2600 square kilometers, and the terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with an elevation of 80-150 meters. In the northeast, there is a famous Nanxiang pass road at the center of the mountain, which was a major north-south traffic artery in ancient times [121 ] .
- 5.
The southern Henan mountain, composed of Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain, and Huoshan Mountain of Anhui Province, together called Huaiyang Mountain, lies across the border of Hubei, Anhui and Henan, with an elevation of about 800 meters, is the watershed of the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River basin. [108]
Climatic boundary map of Henan
According to the comprehensive natural regionalization, Henan Province can be divided into 12 natural areas and 42 natural areas. The 12 natural areas are: warm and humid area of Tongbai Dabie Mountain, warm and humid area of north Dabie Mountain, warm and humid area of Nanxiang Basin, warm and humid area of south Funiu Mountain, warm and humid area of east Funiu Mountain, mild and semi-humid and semi-arid area around Songshan Mountain, mild and semi-arid area of western mountain and hill of Luoyang. Taihang Mountain temperate and semi-arid area, Qinling Mountain east temperate and semi-humid humid area, Taihang Mountain front plain temperate and semi-arid area, Huanghuai plain warm and mild humid and semi-humid area, Yellow River alluvial fan mild and semi-humid and semi-arid area.
[108]
Henan province spans the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River. Most of the rivers in Henan Province originate from the mountains in the west, northwest and southeast, and there are 560 rivers with drainage areas of more than 100 square kilometers.
[2]
Yellow River Three Gorges
Yellow River Three Gorges
The characteristics of soil distribution in Henan Province are roughly bounded by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River line. In the north of this line, under the deciduous broad-leaved forest vegetation, the brown soil is widely distributed, which is a warm temperate zonal soil. In the south of this line, the climate is north subtropical, the vegetation type is deciduous broad-leaved forest with evergreen broad-leaved forest species, and the zonal soil is yellow brown soil.
[108]
The main natural disasters in Henan province are drought, flood, hail, earthquake, dry hot wind, disease and pest, landslide, dam collapse, soil erosion and so on. Drought and waterlogging are the two most harmful disasters, which mainly occur in July-August.
In the 500 years from 1450 to 1949, the probability of water and drought was once every 2-3 years, the average was once every 11-12 years, and the average was once every 80-100 years. Major floods occurred in 1553, 1593, 1632, 1761 and 1931. The years of extreme drought were 1637-1641, 1876-1878, and 1941-1942. The years 1637-1641 saw five consecutive years of prolonged drought, the worst of which occurred in 1640, when 84 counties were affected.
In the 41 years from 1950 to 1990, there were floods and droughts every year. Flood and drought disasters over the years, the average affected area is 23,000 square kilometers, and the disaster area is 16,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 33.4% and 22.4% of the province's arable land respectively. In the average area affected by flood and drought disaster for many years, flood is 10,000 square kilometers, drought is 13,000 square kilometers, drought is slightly larger than flood; In the disaster area, the flood is 8,000 square kilometers, the drought is 8,000 square kilometers, and the flood and drought are basically equal. Among them, the largest flood area was in 1963, the affected area reached 44,000 square kilometers, and the disaster area reached 38,000 square kilometers, accounting for 64.3% and 54.2% of the province's arable land respectively. The most serious flood damage was in 1975, the upper reaches of the Hongru River, the upper reaches of the Shali River occurred a huge flood, bringing devastating disasters.
From 1950 to 1990, there were 35 spring droughts, 33 summer droughts, 16 autumn droughts and 13 winter droughts in the province. There were 10 consecutive droughts in two seasons, three consecutive droughts in three seasons, two consecutive droughts in four seasons, and two consecutive droughts in six seasons (spring 1966 to summer 1967; Spring 1982 to summer 1983), two droughts in seven seasons (spring 1986 to autumn 1987; Spring 1988 to autumn 1989), two droughts in ten seasons (spring 1960 to summer 1962; Spring 1977 to summer 1979). The worst drought was in 1988, which affected 56,000 square kilometers. The disaster area was the largest in 1986, reaching 36,000 square kilometers, accounting for 80.9% and 51.3% of the cultivated land area respectively. The most severe drought was in 1961, due to drought and policy mistakes, the most serious impact on agricultural production, the province's total grain production fell to 6.84 billion kilograms, 54% of 1958.
From July 17 to 23, 2021, Henan Province was hit by an unusually heavy rainstorm, causing serious flooding disasters, especially on July 20, Zhengzhou City suffered heavy casualties and property losses. A total of 14.786 million people were affected by the disaster in 150 counties (cities and districts) in Henan province, and 398 people were killed and missing due to the disaster, of which 380 were in Zhengzhou, accounting for 95.5% of the province. The direct economic loss was 120.16 billion yuan, of which 40.9 billion yuan was lost in Zhengzhou, accounting for 34.1% of the province.
[101]
Xiaolangdi Reservoir
The annual average water resources of Henan Province are 40.35 billion cubic meters, ranking 19th in China. The per capita water resource consumption is about 383 cubic meters, equivalent to one-fifth of the national average level, and it is a province with severe water shortage.
[99]
There are 198 families, 1142 genera and 3979 species of vascular plants in Henan Province, accounting for 10% of the total number of vascular plants in China, including 29 families, 70 genera and 205 species of ferns and 10 families, 28 genera and 74 species of vary-polygymnosperms and 159 families, 1044 genera and 3670 species and varieties of vary-polyangiosperms. There are 63 species of rare and endangered plants under national protection and 64 species under provincial protection, which together constitute the flora of Henan Province.
[16]
Baiyun Mountain forest in Luoyang
More than 3,500 species of animals are known in Henan Province, including 51 protozoa, 6 polypora and coelintestinal species, 10 flatworms, 23 linear animals, 10 annelids, 17 mollusks, more than 2,500 arthropods, 110 fish, 19 amphibians, 37 reptiles, 300 birds and 72 mammals. Most of the species have important economic value, while a few have great harm to agriculture and forestry production and human health.
The geographical distribution of animals in Henan belongs to Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm. According to the principle of "Taxonomic unit of Chinese Natural Regionalization", Henan animal realm is divided into 2 regions and 6 provinces. There are 19 species of amphibians in Henan province, 12 species of Oriental realm, accounting for 63.1% of the total species. There were 7 species in Palaearctic, accounting for 36.8% of the total species. Among the 37 species of reptiles, 5 belong to Palaearctic, accounting for 13.5% of the total species. There were 8 species in Palaearctic and Oriental kingdoms, accounting for 21.6% of the total species. There are 24 species in the Oriental kingdom, accounting for 64.9% of the total species, 72 species of mammals, except the widespread species, 26 species in the Palaearctic Kingdom, accounting for 52% of the total species. There are 24 species in the Oriental kingdom, accounting for 48% of the total species.
[17]
No less than 6 Chinese leopards were identified by images in Taihang Mountain of Jiyuan.
[18]
As of April 2024, Henan Province has 493 bird species, accounting for nearly one-third of the country's bird species.
[150]
In 2017, Henan Province afforested 481.67 thousand hectares, of which 126.28 thousand hectares were planted. By the end of the year, there were 30 nature reserves with an area of 762 thousand hectares, including 13 national nature reserves. There are 118 forest parks, including 31 national forest parks. The forest coverage rate is 24.53%.
[15]
Chaya Mountain
Chaya Mountain
Henan is an important province of mineral resources and mining industry in the country, and the output value of mining industry has been in the top 5 in the country for many years. In the province, 144 kinds of minerals have been discovered, 110 kinds of mineral reserves have been identified, and 93 kinds of minerals have been developed and utilized. Superior minerals can be summarized as molybdenum, gold, aluminum, silver "four metal minerals" and tronia, salt ore, refractory clay, fluorite, perlite, cement limestone, graphite "seven non-metallic minerals". Among the mineral resources whose reserves have been identified, there are 9 kinds of reserves that rank first, 35 kinds that rank top 3, 46 kinds that rank top 5, and 72 kinds that rank top 10. Lingbao, Luanchuan, Tongbai, Ye County were respectively named "China Gold City", "China Molybdenum capital", "China Trona capital" and "China rock salt capital".
[106]
By the end of 2022, 144 kinds of minerals had been discovered in Henan Province, 110 kinds of mineral reserves had been identified, and 93 kinds of minerals had been developed and utilized.
[110]
By the end of 2023, Henan Province had 98.15 million permanent residents, including 57.01 million urban residents and 41.14 million rural residents. The urbanization rate of permanent residents was 58.08%, 1.01 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year. The number of births was 695,000, with a birth rate of 7.06‰. 787,000 people died, with a mortality rate of 8.00 per thousand. The natural population growth rate is -0.94‰.
[143]
Permanent Population Change in Henan Province (2018-2023)
Permanent Population Change in Henan Province (2018-2023)
Reference material
[51] 50 -
[69]
[96]
[110]
[126-130]
The 56 ethnic groups in Henan Province are complete, and the distribution of ethnic minorities is a significant feature of large dispersion and small settlement. There are Hui, Mongolian and Manchu ethnic minorities in the province. There are 3 urban ethnic districts (Guancheng Hui District, Zhengzhou City, Shunhe Hui District, Kaifeng City, 瀍 He Hui District, Luoyang City), 21 ethnic townships (towns), and 4 provincial cities with more than 100,000 ethnic minorities (Nanyang, Shangqiu, Zhoukou, Zhengzhou).
[106]
As of November 2020, among the permanent residents of Henan province,
The Han nationality
The population is 98210038 people, accounting for 98.84%; The population of all ethnic minorities is 1,155,481 people, showing a significant feature of large dispersion and small settlements.
[19]
|
secretary
|
Lou Yangsheng
[53] 52 -
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Deputy secretary
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||
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Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee
|
Sun Shougang
,
[115]
Jiang Ling
,
Wang Zhanying
,
Chen Xing
,
An Wei
,
Xu Yuanhong
[66]
[82]
,
Wang Gang
[117]
,
Zhang Leiming
[91]
,
Zhang Wei
[134]
,
Zhao Jun
[151]
|
|
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DIRECTOR
|
Lou Yangsheng
[57]
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Deputy director
|
||
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Secretary general
|
Ji Bingwei
[20]
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Provincial governor
|
Wang Kai
[56]
|
|
|
vice-governor
|
Sun Shougang
,
Liu Yujiang
,
Song Zhenghui
,
Sun Yunfeng
,
Zhang Min
(female),
Zheng Haiyang
,
Liu Shangjin
[93]
[119]
,
Li Wine
[125]
|
|
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Secretary general
|
Zhu Ming
[94]
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chairman
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Kong Changsheng
[92]
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vice-chairman
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||
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Secretary general
|
Wang Zhongshan
[21]
|
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DIRECTOR
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||
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dean
|
Hu Taocai
[93]
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Chief procurator
|
Duan Wenlong
[131]
|
On July 22, 2023, the Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics announced the economic operation of the province in the first half of the year: the gross regional product (GDP) of the province in the first half of the year was 3,132.6 billion yuan, calculated at constant prices, an increase of 3.8%. The value added of the primary industry was 230.8 billion yuan, up by 1.0 percent; The added value of the secondary industry was 1.318.9 billion yuan, up by 3.5%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 1,582.9 billion yuan, up by 4.5%.
[124]
In 2023, the GDP of Henan Province will reach 5,913.239 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the added value of the primary industry was 536.15 billion yuan, up by 1.8%; The added value of the secondary industry was 2,217.527 billion yuan, up by 4.7%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 3,159.698 billion yuan, up by 4.0 percent.
[140]
The tertiary industrial structure is 9.1:37.5:53.4. Per capita GDP was 60,073 yuan, an increase of 4.4 percent.
In 2023, fixed asset investment in Henan Province (excluding rural households, the same below) increased by 2.1% over the previous year. Among them, the investment in the primary industry decreased by 19.7 percent, the investment in the secondary industry increased by 9.4 percent, and the investment in the tertiary industry decreased by 0.4 percent. Infrastructure investment increased by 4.6%, private investment decreased by 3.9%, industrial investment increased by 8.9%, and investment in the social sector increased by 8.7%.
[143]
In 2023, the total fiscal revenue of Henan Province reached 697.249 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9 percent over the previous year. Revenue in the general public budget reached 451.205 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2%, of which tax revenue was 285.513 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2%, accounting for 63.3% of general public budget revenue. Expenditure in the general public budget is 1.06255 trillion yuan, up 3.9%.
[143]
Gross Regional Product of Henan Province (2018-2023)
Gross Regional Product of Henan Province (2018-2023)
Reference material
[110]
[126-130]
The cultivated land area of Henan Province is more than 110 million mu, ranking third in China. Over 160 million mu of grain has been sown, ranking second in China.
[142]
Among them, it is mainly the cultivation of food crops, and it is one of the three provinces and regions with national grain output exceeding 30 million tons. Henan Province has a large wheat planting area, accounting for 54% of the grain sowing area, and the output has accounted for more than 20% of the country, ranking first in the country. Maize is the second largest grain crop in Henan Province after wheat, and potato is the third largest grain crop in Henan Province. Rice is the fourth largest grain crop in Henan Province, and its planting area accounts for 4% of the province's grain sowing area, and its output accounts for 8% of the total output. Henan is one of the major soybean producing areas in China, and is the second largest soybean producing province in China. Henan is one of the main cotton producing areas in China, the total output of cotton ranks second in the country, the total output of tobacco leaf has always ranked first in the country, and it is the largest tobacco leaf production base in the country. The production of oil crops in Henan mainly includes peanut, rapeseed and sesame, and its sowing area and output rank third among provinces and regions in China. In October 1990, Zhengzhou Grain Wholesale Market was officially established with the approval of The State Council of China.
Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
Established. The production of "Zhengzhou Price" ended the history of China without wholesale grain and oil prices, and gradually became the "barometer" of China and even the world's grain market.
Henan produces nearly a tenth of China's grain,
Wheat
Total output accounts for more than a quarter of the country, peanut and sesame production ranked first in the country, vegetables and edible fungi production ranked third in the country. As an important production and processing base of livestock products in China, Henan ranks among the top 4 in terms of the number of cattle, pigs and poultry feeders as well as the output of poultry, eggs, meat and milk. Henan vigorously develops the processing and transformation of agricultural products, becoming the first province of grain conversion and processing, the first province of meat products, and the first province of beef cattle. In the Chinese market, 1/2 of the ham sausage, 1/3 of the instant noodles, 1/4 of the steamed bread, 3/5 of the tangyuan, and 7/10 of the dumplings are produced in Henan.
[22]
In December 2023, according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the grain sown area of Henan Province in 2023 was 10,785.3 thousand hectares, the total output was 66,243 thousand tons, and the output per unit area was 6,142.0 kg/ha.
[135]
In 2023, the grain planting area of Henan Province will be 10,785.29 thousand hectares, an increase of 6.94 thousand hectares over the previous year, of which 5,686.07 thousand hectares is wheat planting area, an increase of 3.62 thousand hectares; The area under corn cultivation was 3,864.37 thousand hectares, an increase of 6.85 thousand hectares. The planted area of oil was 1,610.25 thousand hectares, an increase of 17.80 thousand hectares, among which the planted area of peanut was 1,307.04 thousand hectares, an increase of 19.91 thousand hectares. The vegetable planting area was 1,799.40 thousand hectares, an increase of 16.90 thousand hectares. The annual grain output of the province was 66.2427 million tons, 1.651,000 tons less than that of the previous year, a decrease of 2.4%. Among them, the output of summer grain was 355.06 million tons, a decrease of 6.9%; The output of autumn grain was 30.7421 million tons, an increase of 3.3%. Wheat output was 35.4973 million tons, a decrease of 6.9%; The output of corn was 23.6570 million tons, an increase of 4.0 percent. The annual output of oil in the province was 7.030,400 tons, an increase of 2.8% over the previous year, of which the output of peanuts was 6.388,600 tons, an increase of 3.8%. The output of vegetables was 78.5578 million tons, an increase of 2.6%. The output of edible fungi was 1.8978 million tons, an increase of 2.6%. The output of melons and fruits was 15.027,300 tons, a decrease of 0.3%. The total output of pig, cattle, sheep and poultry meat in the whole year was 6.732 million tons, an increase of 2.7% over the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 4.653,300 tons, up by 7.0%; Beef output was 379,900 tons, up 3.5%; The output of mutton was 273,000 tons, down by 6.0%; The output of poultry meat was 1.425 million tons, down 7.8%. The output of poultry eggs was 4.4119 million tons, down 3.3 percent. Milk output was 2.3747 million tons, an increase of 11.4%. At the end of the year, the stock of live pigs was 40.3897 million, down 5.2% from the end of the previous year; A total of 61,023,100 live pigs were sold, an increase of 3.1 percent over the previous year.
[143]
Heavy duty bearing shield machine
China's first semiconductor laser stealth chip cutting machine
-
Wholesale and retail trade
Henan Dennis department store
-
Transportation industry
In 2023, the total amount of goods transported in Henan Province was 2.817 billion tons, an increase of 8.9% over the previous year. The turnover of cargo transport was 1.189.248 billion tonne-kilometers, up by 4.3%. A total of 590 million passenger trips were made, an increase of 119.2%. Passenger transport turnover was 166.229 billion passenger-kilometers, up 138.4%. The airport handled 27.8883 million passengers, an increase of 158.4%. The cargo throughput of the airport was 600.9 million tons, down 2.7%. By the end of the year, 8,320.78 kilometers of expressways were open to traffic in the province. At the end of the year, the number of civilian automobiles in the province was 210.808 million, an increase of 5.6% over the end of the previous year, of which 19.4541 million were private automobiles, an increase of 5.7%. The number of civilian cars was 11.8607 million, an increase of 7.2%, of which 11.4353 million private cars, an increase of 7.2%.
[143]
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Post and telecommunications industry
In 2023, the total volume of posts and telecommunications in Henan Province was 175.359 billion yuan, an increase of 21.7% over the previous year. Specifically, the total business of the postal industry was 70.972 billion yuan, up by 25.1%; The total volume of telecommunications business reached 104.387 billion yuan, up by 19.5%. Express delivery business totaled 6.046 billion, up 35.8%; The revenue of express delivery business was 42.529 billion yuan, up 28.4 percent. By the end of the year, there were 5.818 million fixed-line telephone users and 108.753 million mobile phone users, with a telephone penetration rate of 115.9 units per 100 people. By the end of the year, there were 139.544 million Internet users. 53,000 new 5G base stations were opened throughout the year; The total number of 5G terminal users in the province reached 64.6778 million.
[143]
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Banking industry
By the end of 2023, the deposit balance of local and foreign currencies of financial institutions in Henan Province was 10,0058489 billion yuan, an increase of 741.181 billion yuan over the beginning of the year, of which the RMB deposit balance was 10,0020675 billion yuan, an increase of 765.838 billion yuan. The outstanding amount of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions reached 8,359,666 billion yuan, an increase of 723.641 billion yuan, of which the outstanding amount of renminbi loans reached 8,314,094 billion yuan, an increase of 732,7776 billion yuan. At the end of the year, there were 162 listed companies in the province. 163 stocks were issued, including 110 A-shares and 53 overseas stocks. This year's initial issuance and refinancing raised 17.773 billion yuan, of which 1.885 billion yuan was raised by A-share issuance and refinancing. At the end of the year, the total value of the tradable shares of A-share listed companies was 1,334.279 billion yuan. The annual premium income of insurance companies in the province was 239.987 billion yuan. Among them, property insurance was 61.783 billion yuan and life insurance was 178.204 billion yuan. A total of 100.473 billion yuan will be spent and paid in compensation. Among them, property insurance 45.863 billion yuan, life insurance 54.61 billion yuan.
[143]
-
Foreign economy
Henan Xinzheng comprehensive free trade zone
-
tourism
In 2023, Henan received 995 million domestic tourists, with a total tourism revenue of 964.6 billion yuan. By the end of the year, there were 724 A-level tourist attractions, of which 249 were 4A level or above. There are 348 star-rated hotels and 1,486 travel agencies.
[143]
-
summarize
In 2023, there will be 47,100 schools at all levels and of various types in Henan Province, with an educational population of 28.152,200, including 26.218,600 students and 1.933,600 faculty and staff.
[145]
In 2023, Henan Province enrolled 35,205 graduate students, 99,012 graduate students, and 27,533 graduates. The regular higher education enrollment was 98400, with 2,956,200 students and 832,900 graduates. Adult higher education enrollment of 306,300 people, 697,400 students, 299,600 graduates. Secondary vocational and technical education (excluding technical schools) enrolled 51.1,500 students, with 1.452,600 students and 489,900 graduates. Regular high schools enrolled 90.06 million students, 2,622700 students, 774,700 graduates. The number of students enrolled in junior high schools reached 1,687,400, with 5,081,300 students and 1,536,700 graduates. Regular primary schools enrolled 1.489,500 students, with 9.628,800 students and 1.691,400 graduates. Special education enrollment of 10,100 students, 68,300 students. Preschool education in the park 3,236,200 children. Last year, a total of 15.161 billion yuan was allocated for "two exemptions and one subsidy", providing assistance to 8.7682 million needy students in compulsory education. There are 96 first-level disciplines authorized for doctoral degrees and 386 first-level disciplines authorized for master's degrees.
[143]
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Preschool education
In 2023, there will be 22,600 kindergartens in Henan Province, including 19,300 inclusive kindergartens, accounting for 85.35 percent of the total. There were 3,236,200 children in kindergartens (classes), including 2,885,700 children in inclusive kindergartens, with the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens at 89.17%. The gross enrollment rate of preschool education is 92.46%. There are 379,800 kindergarten teachers and staff, of which 23,300 are principals; There were 217,500 full-time teachers, of whom 93.36% had graduated from pre-school education. There are 232,900 full-time teachers in preschool education, and the qualification rate of full-time teachers is 99.93%, of which the number of full-time teachers with junior college education or above accounts for 86.55% of the total. The kindergarten covers an area of 90,400 mu, the school building area is 33.4616 million square meters, the books are 36.0540 million books, and the value of play and teaching AIDS in fixed assets is 6.996 billion yuan.
-
China compulsory education
In 2023, there will be 21,100 compulsory education schools in Henan Province, with 14.710,100 students. There are 373,900 classes in total, of which 4,848 are large classes with 56-65 students, accounting for 1.30% of the total number of classes. There were 159 super classes with 66 or more students, accounting for 0.04% of the total number of classes. There are 1,020 million teaching and administrative staff, including 953,000 full-time teachers. The retention rate of compulsory education is 96.30%. There are 16,400 primary schools, and another 18,900 primary school teaching points excluding the number of schools. There were 1,691,400 graduates, 1,489,500 students, and 9,628,800 students (among them, 396,600 students in teaching centers). There are 268,200 classes in total, of which 3,305 are large classes with 56-65 people, accounting for 1.23% of the total number of classes, and 100 are large classes with 66 people or more, accounting for 0.04% of the total number of classes. There are 6010 thousand full-time teachers undertaking primary school teaching tasks, and the qualification rate of full-time teachers is 100.00%, of which 99.31% are full-time teachers with college degree or above, and the student-to-teacher ratio is 16.02:1. There are also 40,800 teachers outside primary schools. There are 4,626 junior middle schools, of which 1,257 are nine-year schools. There were 1,536,700 graduates, 1,687,400 students and 5,081,300 students. There are 105,700 classes in total, of which 1,543 are large classes with 56-65 people, accounting for 1.46% of the total number of classes, and 59 are large classes with 66 people or more, accounting for 0.06% of the total number of classes. There were 366,100 full-time teachers undertaking junior middle school teaching tasks, and the qualification rate of full-time teachers was 99.88%, of which 89.34% were full-time teachers with bachelor's degree or above, and the student-to-teacher ratio was 13.88:1. There are also 30 million teachers outside junior high schools. There were 4.571,400 boarders in schools under compulsory education, accounting for 31.08% of the total number of students under compulsory education. Among them, 1.45 million primary school boarders, accounting for 15.06% of the total number of primary school students; There were 3.121,400 boarding students in junior high schools, accounting for 61.43% of the total number of junior high school students. There were 924,500 students with children living with them in compulsory education, accounting for 6.28 percent of the total number of students in compulsory education, of which 630,300 were in primary schools and 294,200 were in junior middle schools, and 93.27 percent were enrolled in public schools. There were 660,300 children of migrant workers in cities, accounting for 71.42 percent of the total, including 450,300 primary school children and 209,900 junior middle school children. There were 1.2613 million left-behind children in rural areas in compulsory education, accounting for 8.57 percent of the total number of students in compulsory education, of which 789,500 were in primary schools and 471,800 were in junior middle schools. The primary and junior high schools cover an area of 308,200 mu and 213,300 mu respectively. The school buildings cover 75,629,400 square meters and 68.624,800 square meters respectively. The number of books was 212 million and 160 million respectively; The value of teaching equipment assets was 11.469 billion yuan and 8.986 billion yuan respectively.
-
Senior high school education
In 2023, there will be 1,741 high school education schools in Henan Province, enrolling 1,412,100 students and 4,075,300 students. The gross enrollment rate of senior high schools in the province is 92.90%. There are 1,098 regular high schools, of which 138 are full middle schools and 156 are 12-year schools. There were 774,700 graduates, 90.06,000 students and 2,622,700 students. There are a total of 51,600 classes, of which 1,339 are large classes with 56-65 students, accounting for 2.60% of the total number of classes; There were 176 super classes with 66 or more students, accounting for 0.34% of the total number of classes. There were 193,100 full-time teachers in regular high schools, with a qualification rate of 98.72%, of which 11.61% were full-time teachers with graduate degrees or above, with a student-teacher ratio of 13.58:1. There are also 1,073 teachers outside ordinary high schools. The university covers an area of 128,900 mu, with a building area of 47.3813 million square meters, 5.1261 million books and 5.468 billion yuan worth of teaching equipment. There were 643 secondary vocational schools, 97 of which were technical schools. There were 480,900 graduates, 51,500 students and 1,452,600 students. The number of students enrolled in secondary vocational education and the number of students in school accounted for 36.22% and 35.64% of senior secondary education respectively. There are 75,100 teaching staff, including 67,300 full-time teachers. The school (excluding technical schools) covers an area of 57,300 mu, with a building area of 20.2725 million square meters, 25,387,900 books, and an asset value of 5.300 billion yuan for teaching, research and practice equipment.
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Special education
In 2023, there will be 153 special education schools in Henan Province, with a total enrollment of 10,100 students with various forms of special education and 68,300 students. The teaching staff is 0.53 million, of which 0.48 million are full-time teachers. The special education school covers an area of 2,086.05 mu, with a construction area of 654,200 square meters and 725,200 books.
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Higher education
By 2023, there will be 168 regular and vocational colleges and universities in Henan Province, including 57 regular undergraduate colleges and universities. 1 undergraduate level vocational school; There are 110 higher vocational (junior college) schools. There are 10 adult colleges and universities. There are 27 graduate training institutions, of which 8 are scientific research institutions. The gross enrollment rate of higher education in the province is 57.54%. There are 27,500 graduate students (including 771 doctoral students), 35,200 students (including 1,588 doctoral students), and 99,000 graduate students (including 6,088 doctoral students). There were 832,900 ordinary and vocational college graduates, among which the college graduates were 352,800 and 480,100, respectively, and the ratio of college graduates was 4.2:5.8. Enrollment of 984,000 people, of which, college enrollment of 429,500 people and 554,500 people, college enrollment ratio of 4.4:5.6. There are 2,956,200 students in school, among which the college students are 1,445,800 and 1,510,300, respectively, the ratio of college students is 4.9:5.1. There are 196,100 teachers and staff in ordinary and vocational colleges and universities, including 152,800 full-time teachers, with a student-teacher ratio of 18.29:1. 47,100 full-time teachers held professional and technical positions of deputy senior or above (including 10,500 senior teachers), accounting for 30.85% of the total; There were 97,400 master's degree holders or above (among them, 28,000 doctoral degree holders), accounting for 63.71% of the total; There were 11,700 people with master's degrees or above (among them, 28,400 people with doctoral degrees), accounting for 73.09% of the total. Regular and vocational colleges and universities cover an area of 235,800 mu; The school building area is 81.2990 million square meters; There are 229 million books, teaching, research and practice equipment assets worth 40.116 billion yuan. There were 299,600 adult college graduates, 306,300 students enrolled, and 697,400 students enrolled. There are 791 teachers and staff in adult colleges and universities, including 528 full-time teachers. Among the full-time teachers, 152 were deputy senior or above professional and technical positions, accounting for 35.85% of the total; 215 people with master degree or above, accounting for 50.71% of the total; There were 261 people with master's degree or above, accounting for 54.53% of the total.
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Private education
In 2023, there will be 18,900 private schools at all levels and of various types in Henan Province, with a total of 5,695,400 students, including 15,800 private kindergartens and 1,865,600 children in kindergartens (classes). There were 1,504 private primary schools with 1.162 million students. There are 806 private junior middle schools with 742,000 students. There are 514 private ordinary high schools with 761,600 students; There were 190 civilian-run secondary vocational schools, with 283,800 students. There are 52 private ordinary and vocational colleges and universities (including 20 undergraduate schools), and 879,900 students of ordinary and vocational colleges (including 486,200 students of ordinary and vocational colleges and universities), accounting for 29.76% of the total number of ordinary and vocational college students in the province.
[143]
Reference material
[103]
-
summarize
By the end of 2023, Henan Province has 1,768 enterprise technology centers at the provincial level and above, including 95 at the national level. There are 1,072 engineering research centers (engineering laboratories) at the provincial level and above, including 50 at the national level. There are 3,852 engineering and technology research centers at the provincial level or above, including 10 at the national level. There are 13 national key laboratories and 251 provincial key laboratories. The province has 140 new research and development institutions. There were 12,977 high-tech enterprises. There were 26,197 small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology. There are 16 provincial laboratories, 36 provincial pilot bases and 24 provincial technological innovation centers. The number of patents granted in the year reached 109,957. By the end of the year, there were 83,127 valid invention patents. 24,900 technology contracts were signed, an increase of 11.2% over the previous year; The value of technical contracts was 136.742 billion yuan, up by 33.4%. By the end of the year, the province had 116 kinds of national geographical indication protection products, 328 metrological technical institutions, 3,183 inspection and testing institutions that had passed the qualification certification, and 23 certification bodies. During the year, 131 measuring standards were established, and 6.89 million measuring instruments were subject to compulsory verification. By the end of the year, there were 16 weather radar stations and 2,852 automatic weather stations. There are 604 seismic observation stations and 753 seismic observation items.
[143]
-
Scientific research institution
Henan Academy of Sciences
It is the only provincial comprehensive natural science research institution in Henan Province, and also the people's government of Henan Province
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Co-construction unit
[26]
. The Regulations on the Development Promotion of the Henan Academy of Sciences will be officially implemented on September 1, 2022, which is the first innovative legislative model "tailored" for scientific research institutions in the country
[84]
Will promote the Henan Academy of Sciences and
Zhongyuan Science and Technology City
,
National Technology Transfer Zhengzhou Center
Integrated development
[85]
.
In April 2016,
State Council, People's Republic of China
Officially approved by Henan Province
Zhengzhou
,
Luoyang
,
Xinxiang
Three city high-tech industrial development zones to build the national high-tech industrial center in the Central Plains"
Zhengluoxin National independent Innovation Demonstration Zone
".
[27]
In November, Henan Province was officially approved.
National big data Henan comprehensive pilot zone
"And became the second in the country
National big data comprehensive pilot zone
.
[28]
In November 2020, on the basis of the former Henan Supercomputing Center,
Ministry of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
Reply to consent
National Supercomputing Zhengzhou Center
After acceptance and inclusion in the National Supercomputing Center sequence management, the "National Supercomputing Zhengzhou Center" officially became the 7th in the country
National Supercomputing Center
It is also the first national-level major scientific research infrastructure in Henan Province.
[29]
In March 2022, the groundbreaking ceremony of Henan Province's first major scientific research infrastructure ultra-short super laser experimental device project (" Zhongyuan Light ") was held in Zhengzhou, and the project was adopted
Zhengzhou University
with
Tsinghua University
Cooperation mode construction, the total estimated project reached 877 million yuan.
[81]
By the end of 2022, Henan Province has a total of 322 metrology technical institutions, 3,460 inspection and testing institutions, and 18 certification bodies. During the year, 117 measuring standards were built, 5.8 million measuring instruments were subject to compulsory verification, and 204 provincial and local standards were revised. By the end of the year, there were 12 weather radar stations and 2,772 automatic weather stations. There are 132 seismic observation stations and a network of 17 seismic observation stations.
-
Talent introduction
September 2022
On the 24th,
The 5th China Henan Innovation and Development Conference was officially opened. At the opening ceremony, eight academicians were employed as "chief scientists of Henan Province's strategy to implement innovation-driven, rejuvenate the province through science and education, and strengthen the province's talent".
[86]
By the end of 2023, there were 154 art performance groups, 202 cultural centers and 177 public libraries under the cultural and tourism departments of Henan Province. There are 398 museums. There are 420 key cultural relics under national protection and 1,521 under provincial protection. There are 125 representative projects of national intangible cultural heritage. There were 6.1586 million cable TV subscribers. The comprehensive population coverage of broadcasting is 99.73 percent, and that of television is 99.72 percent. A total of 489 million copies of books, 56 million copies of periodicals and 1.208 billion copies of newspapers were printed in the year. By the end of the year, there were 177 comprehensive archives, and 6.730,500 volumes (pieces) of archives of various types had been opened.
[143]
Shaolin Temple
In 2017, Henan athletes won 136 gold MEDALS in various competitions, including 3 world champions, 15 Asian champions and 118 national champions. In the 13th National Games, he won 25 gold, 18 silver and 20 bronze MEDALS, and the total number of gold MEDALS and MEDALS was the most in the previous National Games.
[15]
In 2019, it was held in Zhengzhou, Henan Province
The 11th Ethnic Minority Traditional Sports Games of the People's Republic of China
This is the first time that the National Ethnic Games have been held
Central region
Hold.
[30]
In 2020, the province's athletes won 47 national championships and broke 6 national records. The annual physical fitness monitoring and scientific fitness guidance services 263,200 people. There were 262,000 sports venues at the end of the year.
[70]
In 2021, Henan athletes won 51 gold MEDALS, 3 world champions and 48 national champions. Break a world record, an Olympic record, and set a world best.
[72]
In 2022, Henan athletes won a total of 67 gold MEDALS, 7 world champions, 3 Asian champions and 57 national champions. Broke a national record.
[110]
In 2023, Henan athletes won 113 gold MEDALS, 8 world champions, 11 Asian champions and 94 national champions. Broke 8 world records.
[143]
The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Zhengdong Hospital)
In accordance with the national deployment, Henan Province began to assume the responsibility in 1973
Ethiopia
,
Zambia
,
Eritrea
Three countries sent medical teams. Over the past 50 years, Henan Province has sent 64 medical teams to Ethiopia, Zambia, Eritrea, Kuwait and other countries, treating more than 7.25 million people, performing more than 55,000 operations, and training more than 8,900 local medical personnel. Help recipient countries build hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine and other diagnosis and treatment centers. Among the foreign aid medical teams in Henan Province, 34 advanced teams and 700 comrades have been commended by the governments of the recipient countries and the National Health Commission. Mei Gengnian, Chen Yaqin and Tang Xiurong, three members of Henan's foreign aid team died in three recipient countries.
[116]
On February 28, 2020, the poverty-stricken counties were "cleared".
[31]
By the end of 2023, the number of urban workers participating in the basic pension insurance in Henan Province was 25.781,800. Among them, 19.877 million employees and 5.9048 million retired people participated in the insurance. A total of 14.3382 million urban workers were covered by basic medical insurance. Among them, 9.974,900 employees and 4.363,200 retirees participated in the insurance. 11.478 million people participated in unemployment insurance. 11.282,500 people were covered by work-related injury insurance. The whole year, the province issued 1.312 billion yuan of urban subsistence allowances, and a total of 305,800 people were protected by the end of the year. Last year, 7.57 billion yuan of rural subsistence allowances were granted, covering 2.757,500 rural subsistence allowances by the end of the year. By the end of the year, a total of 470,500 people in rural areas living in extreme poverty were covered. By 2023, 288,600 units of government-subsidized housing in urban areas will be basically completed, and construction will begin on 345,600 new units.
[143]
In 2022, among the river monitoring sections in Henan Province, the proportion of surface water quality excellent (reaching or better than Class III) is 81.9%, and the proportion of poor Class V water is zero. The proportion of days with good ambient air quality in prefecture-level and above cities in the province was 66.4%, and the average concentration of inhalable particulate matter (PM) and fine particulate matter (PM) was 79.0 micrograms/cubic meter and 47.7 micrograms/cubic meter respectively. During the year, there was one new practice and innovation base for "clear water and green mountains are golden hills and silver Mountains", five new national ecological civilization construction demonstration zones and 11 provincial-level ecological counties. In 2022, the average annual temperature in Henan will be 15.8℃. The average annual precipitation is 594.3 mm. The average annual sunshine duration is 2024.1 hours. In 2022, Henan Province completed afforestation on an area of 146.15 thousand hectares. By the end of the year, there were 30 nature reserves, 13 of which were national nature reserves. There are 132 forest parks, including 33 national forest parks.
[110]
In 2023, among the surface water quality monitoring sections of the national assessment in Henan Province, Class I to III water quality sections accounted for 83.0%, and there were no inferior Class V water quality sections. The proportion of days with good air quality in cities in the province was 68.0%, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 was 45.3 micrograms/cubic meter, and the average annual concentration of PM10 was 73.8 micrograms/cubic meter. Throughout the year, one practice and innovation base of "clear water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains", three national ecological civilization construction demonstration zones, and eight provincial-level ecological counties were established. The average annual temperature in the province is 15.9℃. The average annual precipitation is 985.7 mm. In the whole year, the province completed afforestation area of 131.64 thousand hectares. By the end of the year, there were 30 nature reserves, 13 of which were national nature reserves. There are 132 forest parks, including 33 national forest parks.
[143]
In 2023, there were 1,218 work safety accidents and 1,130 deaths in Henan Province, down 6.4 percent and 1.7 percent respectively from the previous year. The death rate of coal mine per million tons was 0.078.
[143]
From June 1, 2023, Henan Province will implement the "cross-provincial general office" for marriage registration, which can be done locally without returning to the place of origin
Richard
[122]
.
Henan Province has obvious advantages in transportation location, and is an important transportation hub connecting the east to the west and connecting the south to the north. Among the "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels" in the main framework of the national comprehensive main traffic network, "1 axis, 1 corridor and 1 channel" pass through Henan. Zhengzhou International air cargo hub has developed rapidly, and its passenger and cargo throughput has risen to the 11th and 6th in China respectively, maintaining the "double first" in the central region. The status of an international railway hub has been continuously consolidated, the general pattern of the meter-shaped high-speed railway network has been basically formed, and the "double cross" intersection of the universal railway and high-speed railway has been formed. Zhengzhou East Railway Station is one of the largest high-speed railway stations in China, and the operation volume of Zhengzhou North Railway Station ranks among the leading marshalage stations in Asia. Construction of the "double thousand highway Project" was accelerated, regular trunk highways, rural roads, and inland waterways continued to be upgraded, and the capacity and technical level of the road network significantly improved.
[106]
Henan Province has 105, 106, 107, 207, 209, 220, 310, 311, 312 and other national highways. Among them, the 105 National Highway is 70 kilometers long, all of which are Grade II and above roads, leading northeast to Shandong Province and southeast to Anhui Province. National Highway 106 is 507 kilometers long, all of which are Grade II and above, leading north to Hebei Province and south to Shandong and Hubei provinces. National Highway 107 is 589 kilometers long, all of which are Grade II and above, leading north to Hebei Province and south to Hubei Province. National Highway 207 has a length of 416 kilometers, of which 390 kilometers are grade II and above, and 26 kilometers are grade III, leading north to Shanxi Province and south to Hubei Province. National Highway 209 is 292 kilometers long, of which 107 kilometers of Grade II and above roads and 185 kilometers of grade III roads lead north to Shanxi Province and south to Hubei Province. National Highway 220 is 143 kilometers long, all of which are Grade II and above, and leads northeast to Shandong Province. National Highway 310 is 645 kilometers long, all of which are Grade II and above, leading east to Anhui Province and west to Shaanxi Province. The 311 National Highway is 620 kilometers long, of which 486 kilometers are Grade II and above, and 135 kilometers are grade III, leading east to Anhui Province. 312 National Highway is 557 kilometers long, all of which are Grade II and above, leading east to Anhui Province and west to Hubei and Shaanxi provinces.
[100]
By the end of 2020, Henan Province will have 7,100 kilometers of expressways open to traffic, 31,000 kilometers of ordinary trunk roads and 232,000 kilometers of rural roads.
[106]
By the end of 2022, the length of expressways in Henan Province will be 8009.38 kilometers.
By the end of 2022, the number of civilian vehicles in Henan Province was 19.9665 million, an increase of 5.6% over the end of the previous year, of which 18.4055 million were private vehicles, an increase of 6.0%. The number of civilian cars was 11.0654 million, up by 6.7%, of which 10.6711 million were private cars, up by 7.0%.
[110]
Henan Province's national railway trunk line has Beijing-Guangzhou Line, Longhai Line, Beijing-nine Line, Ningxi Line, Jiaoliu Line, Jiaoxin Line, Xinyan Line, Houyue Line and other transit, branch lines have Mengbao Line, Xinmi line and so on. There are Luofu, Tangtai, Shangnan, Henghuang, Xinshang and other local railways. Among them, the Beijing-Guangzhou Line is 549 kilometers long, for the first class double-track electrified railway, with Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Zhengzhou, Xuchang, Luohe, Zhumadian, Xinyang and other 59 railway stations, north to Hebei Province, south to Hubei province. Longhai Line is 610 kilometers long, is a class 1 double-track electrified railway, with 72 stations in Shangqiu, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, and so on, east to Jiangsu Province, west to Shaanxi Province. The Jing-jiu Line is 216.1 km long and is a class 1 double-track railway, with 13 stations in Taiqian, Shangqiu North, Shangqiu South, Huaibin, Huangchuan, Guangshan, Xinxian, etc. It leads north to Shandong Province and south to Anhui Province. Ningxi Line is 527 kilometers long, single line railway, set up Xixia, Neixiang, Zhenping, Nanyang West, Nanyang East, Tanghe, Tongbai, Xinyang, Luoshan, Huangchuan East, Shangcheng, Gushi and other 54 stations, west to Shaanxi Province, east to Anhui Province. The Jiaoliu Line is 451 kilometers long, a two-track electrified railway, with 40 stations in Yueshan, Qinyang, Jiyuan, Luoyang North, Guanlin, Yichuan, Ruzhou, Pingdingshan West, Lushan, Nanzhao, Nanyang, Dengzhou, and so on, leading south to Hubei Province and north to Shanxi Province. The Xinjiao Line is 78.2 km long and is a two-track electrified railway with 12 stations in Jiaozuo North, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang West, Hujia and Xiuwu, all of which are in the province. The new Yanline is 114.6 kilometers long, a double-track electrified railway, with 7 stations in Changyuan, Fengqiu, Yanjin, South of Hua County, east of Xinxiang, Tapu and Wenzhuang village, starting from Xinxiang in the west and leading to Shandong Province in the east. Houyue Line is 61.3 kilometers long, a two-track electrified railway, with Motan, Shuiyun village, Pangusi 3 stations, north to Shanxi Province.
[100]
By the end of 2022, Henan's railway mileage was 6,331.70 kilometers, of which 2,195.52 kilometers were high-speed railways.
[110]
Overview of Henan Railway
|
|||
|
type
|
line
|
Main station
|
|
|
Beijing-guangzhou high-speed rail
,
Beijing-kowloon high-speed rail
,
Huonan high-speed rail
, Xu-Lan high-speed railway,
Zhengzhou-chongqing high-speed railway
,
High-speed rail between Zhengzhou and China
,
Zheng-tai high-speed rail
,
Zhengzhou-jinan high-speed railway
,
Zheng-yin high-speed rail
,
Zhengzhou-guizhou high-speed railway
,
Ningxi high-speed rail
|
Zhengzhou Railway Station
,
Zhengzhou East Railway Station
,
Zhengzhou West Railway Station
,
Zhengzhou Airport Station
,
Shangqiu Railway Station
,
Luoyang Longmen Railway Station
,
Xuchang East Railway Station
,
Xinxiang East Railway Station
,
Anyang East Railway Station
,
Nanyang East Railway Station
,
Zhoukou East Railway Station
|
||
|
-
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|
Reference material
[40] 33 -
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By September 2023, a total of 10 rail transit lines have been opened in Henan Province, including 8 in Zhengzhou with a total length of 238.9 kilometers and 2 in Luoyang with a total length of 43.5 kilometers.
|
city
|
Line name
|
Origin station
|
Terminal station
|
Identifying color
|
marshalling
|
Opening date
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Zhengzhou
|
China red
|
6B
|
December 28, 2013
|
|||
|
Yellow River yellow
|
6B
|
August 19, 2016
|
||||
|
Glorious orange
|
6A
|
December 26, 2020
|
||||
|
Technology blue
|
6B
|
December 26, 2020
|
||||
|
Phoenix Tree green
|
6A
|
May 20, 2019
|
||||
|
Elegant purple
|
6A
|
September 30, 2022
|
||||
|
Matcha green
|
6B
|
January 12, 2017
|
||||
|
Ultramarine blue
|
6B
|
December 20, 2023
|
||||
|
Fantasy Violet
|
6B
|
September 19, 2019
|
||||
|
Indigo blue
|
4B
|
December 28, 2023
|
||||
|
Luoyang
|
Peony red
|
6B
|
March 28, 2021
|
|||
|
Pea green
|
6B
|
December 26, 2021
|
||||
|
Xuchang
|
Indigo blue
|
4B
|
December 28, 2023
|
|||
|
Note: Zhengzhou Metro Line 2 and Zhengzhou Metro Line 9 phase I (suburban line) through operation, reference
48 - [49]
[68]
[87]
[136-137]
|
||||||
By the end of 2020, Henan Province has a total of 6 general airports, of which Zhengzhou Shangshang Airport has been awarded the A1 class use license, Anyang Yindu (Aviation school), Zhoukou Xihua, Xinxiang Tangzhuang, Zhengzhou Zhongmou, Anyang Yonghe and other airports have completed the B class record, and Anyang Linzhou, Zhengzhou Dengfeng, Luoyang Longmen (Wan 'an), Zhumadian Pingyu, Shangqiu Minquan and other airports have accelerated construction.
Available passenger airports are:
Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport
,
Luoyang North suburb airport
,
Nanyang Jiangying Airport
,
Xinyang Minggang Airport
.
Anyang Red flag Canal airport
It is scheduled to open in the first half of 2023.
By the end of 2020, Henan Province has 22 general aviation operating enterprises, 1 non-operating unit, 75 registered aircraft (including 29 fixed-wing aircraft, 40 helicopters, ultralight and 6 other aircraft), and about 130 pilots, maintenance, aviation, air traffic control and other professionals, with a total annual general aviation flight time of 70,000 hours. It mainly focuses on flight training and agriculture and forestry operations, supplemented by aerial sightseeing, aviation sports, aerial mapping, emergency rescue, etc.
[107]
Waterway shipping in Henan Province is mainly concentrated in the southeast and central Henan region of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Xinyang, Nanyang and other cities, has initially formed a number of Huaihe River, Tang River, Bai River, Jialu River, Shaying river and other inland waterway shipping channels.
By the end of 2020, the navigable length of inland waterways in Henan Province is 1,725 kilometers, of which 583 kilometers are four-tier waterways, accounting for 34 percent. Huaihe River, Shaying river to the sea channel mileage of 299 kilometers, accounting for 17%.
By the end of 2020, Henan Province has built four ports of Zhoukou, Xinyang, Luohe and Pingdingshan, and three ports of Luoyang, Nanyang and Xuchang, which are mainly passenger transport. There are 201 dock berths, of which 173 are cargo terminal berths and 28 are passenger terminal berths, with a port capacity of 54.86 million tons. The "13th Five-Year Plan" Zhoukou port has been incorporated into the main inland river port in the country, and eight port pools and 47 thousand ton berths in the central operation area of the central port area have all been completed and put into operation. Luohe Port central port area.
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, Henan Province completed a total of 710 million tons of cargo transport, 505.91 billion kilometers of cargo turnover, and 14 million passenger transport, which were 1.6, 1.8 and 1.1 times of the same period of the "12th Five-Year Plan". The cumulative port throughput of 80.28 million tons was 3.1 times that of the same period of the "12th Five-Year Plan". The province's port throughput increased from 7.71 million tons in 2016 to 31.15 million tons in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 42%.
By the end of 2020, the waterway freight volume was 151.3 million tons, the port throughput reached 31.15 million tons (including 8,064 TEU of containers), the ship ownership was 5,111, the average tonnage of cargo ships was about 2,300 tons, and the average transport distance was about 727 kilometers.
[111]
According to the
Layout Plan of Inland Waterways and Ports in Henan Province (2022-2035)
In accordance with the idea of "connecting the river to the sea, river-sea combined transport, trunk and branch linkage, and the integration of transportation and travel", according to the channel functions, technical standards and the driving role of the city and industry, the channel is divided into backbone channels, branch channels and other channels, forming the overall layout of "one vertical, three horizontal and nine branches + other channels", and the total mileage of the planned channel is 3670 kilometers. Among them, "one vertical, three horizontal and nine branches" waterway 1916 kilometers, other waterways 1754 kilometers; Class III and above waterways 1009 kilometers, Class IV and below waterways 2661 kilometers (including tourist waterways 793 kilometers).
[107]
Huaihe River
Henan is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. Huangdi, the first ancestor of the Chinese nation, was born in Xinzheng, Henan Province. The origin of Chinese civilization, the invention of writing, the formation of cities and the establishment of a unified country are all closely related to Henan. In the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, Henan has been the country's political, economic and cultural center for more than 3,000 years, with more than 20 dynasties establishing their capitals here and more than 200 emperors ruling here.
[106]
Henan province is named Henan because most of it is located south of the Yellow River in history. In ancient times, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were full of rivers, dense forests, and many wild elephants. Henan was described as a place where people led elephants, which was the source of the pictographic character "Yu" and the origin of Henan for short.
[4]
-
Ancient historical capital
Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Western Han, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Later Zhao, Ran Wei, Qianyan, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, Wu Zhou, Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, Liao, Northern Song, Southern Song, Jin, Republic of China, more than 20 orthodox dynasties have successively established or moved their capitals to Henan. Henan has four of China's eight ancient capitals, namely Luoyang, capital of thirteen dynasties, Kaifeng, capital of eight dynasties, Anyang, capital of seven dynasties, and Zhengzhou, capital of Xia and Shang Dynasties. Since the founding of the capital in the Xia Dynasty, Henan has given birth to Luoyang, Kaifeng, Anyang, Zhengzhou, Shangqiu, Nanyang, Puyang, Xuchang, Dengfeng, Xiayi, Yanshi, Yuzhou, Changge, Yucheng, Zhecheng, Jiyuan, Tangyin, Neihuang, Wen County, Hebi, Qi County, Huaiyang, Xinzheng, Xincai, Suiping, Pingdingshan and other ancient capitals.
|
dynasty
|
capital
|
|---|---|
|
Three emperors
Five emperors
|
Chert Ren, one of the three emperors, was born, made his capital and laid to rest in Shangqiu, creating the Chinese civilization;
Fuxi (one of the three emperors), the capital, was buried in Zhoukou Huaiyang;
Yan Emperor (one of the three emperors), built a capital, sleeping in Shangqiu Zhecheng;
Ge Tian, born and founded his capital in Ningling of Shangqiu and Changge of Xuchang;
Huangdi Xuanyuan (the first of the five emperors) was born and made his capital in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou;
Zhuanxu (one of the five emperors), founded his capital in Shangqiu and then moved it to Puyang, where he was buried.
Emperor 喾 Gao Xin (one of the five emperors), was born, built a capital, and was buried in Shangqiu
|
|
Xia Dynasty
|
The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in Chinese history and moved its capital several times. The main capitals were: Yangcheng (now Zhengzhou Dengfeng Wangchenggang site), Yangzhai (now Xuchang Yuzhou), as the pieces 鄩 (now Luoyang Yanshi Erlitou site), Shang Qiu (now Shang Qiu Yucheng east), Di Qiu (today Puyang southwest), Yuan (today Jiyuan), old Qiu (today Kaifeng Xiangfu District northeast), Xihe (today Anyang Tangyin County Xihe Village) and so on
|
|
Shang Dynasty
|
Shang Dynasty had moved the capital many times, the main capitals are: Bo (now Shang Qiu Yucheng County Gushu town southwest 35 li), West Bo (today Luoyang Yanshi mall site), Xiao (today Zhengzhou mall site), Xiangyang (today Anyang Neihuang), Xing (today Jiaozuo Wen County), Yin (today Anyang Yin ruins), Chaoge (today Hebi Qi County) and so on
|
|
The Western Zhou Dynasty (206 B.C.)
|
King Cheng of Zhou built the capital city of Luoyang. The main vassal states: Song (Capital Shangqiu), Qi (Capital Qi County), Chen (Capital Zhecheng, Huaiyang), CAI (Capital Xincai), Xicheng (Capital Xi County), Huang (Capital Qi County), Wei (Capital Qi County), Guan (capital Zhengzhou), Ying (capital Pingdingshan), Fangguo (capital Suiping) and so on
|
|
The Eastern Zhou Dynasty (206 B.C.)
|
Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Major vassal states: Song (capital Shangqiu), Chen (capital Huaiyang), CAI (capital Xincai), Wei (capital Puyang), Zheng (capital Xinzheng), Xu (capital Xuchang), Wei (capital Kaifeng), Han (capital Xinzheng), Chu (capital Huaiyang) and so on
|
|
The Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.)
|
The capital of the Western Han Dynasty was Nanyang and Luoyang
|
|
The Eastern Han Dynasty (206 B.C.)
|
Luoyang, capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, set up the southern capital of Nanyang. The capital was moved to Xuchang at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty
|
|
Cao Wei
|
Cao Wei made Luoyang his capital and moved it to Xuchang
|
|
The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597)
|
Luoyang was the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty
|
|
A later dynasty (Zhao)
|
Later Zhao made Anyang his capital
|
|
Ran Wei
|
Ran Wei made Anyang his capital
|
|
preswallow
|
The former Yan fixed capital Anyang
|
|
The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544)
|
北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳
|
|
The Eastern Wei Dynasty
|
The Eastern Wei made Anyang its capital
|
|
The Northern Qi Dynasty (550-597)
|
The Northern Qi made Anyang its capital
|
|
Sui Dynasty
|
Sui set up the eastern capital Luoyang. Yang Guang moved his capital to Luoyang
|
|
Tang Dynasty
|
The Tang Dynasty established Luoyang as its eastern capital. Luoyang was the capital of Li Zhi, Li Xian and Li Dan; Li Xian and Li Longji were both in Luoyang; Li Ye, Li Chuk Luoyang
|
|
Wu Zhou Dynasty
|
Wu Zhou made Luoyang the capital and changed it into the capital of God
|
|
Rear beam
|
After the Liang fixed capital Kaifeng, during which the capital moved to Luoyang
|
|
The Later Tang Dynasty
|
Luoyang was the capital of the later Tang Dynasty
|
|
The Later Jin Dynasty
|
The early capital of the later Jin dynasty Luoyang, then moved to Kaifeng
|
|
Later Han Dynasty
|
Kaifeng was the capital of later Han Dynasty
|
|
The Later Zhou Dynasty
|
Later Zhou fixed capital Kaifeng
|
|
Liao Dynasty
|
The Khitan destroyed the later Jin in Kaifeng to change the state name Liao, Kaifeng capital
|
|
The Northern Song Dynasty (960-907)
|
Kaifeng, capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was set up in the western capital of Luoyang and Nanjing Shangqiu
|
|
The Southern Song Dynasty
|
Shang Qiu, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty
|
|
Jin Dynasty
|
The late Jin Dynasty moved the capital successively to Kaifeng and Shangqiu
|
|
The Republic of China
|
In 1932, the Republic of China moved its capital to Luoyang
|
-
Famous historical city
Henan Province has 8 state-level historical and cultural cities and 15 provincial-level historical and cultural cities.
|
Luoyang
|
Break a seal
|
Anyang
|
A surname
|
|
Nanyang
|
Zhengzhou
|
Xunxian (a county in Henan Province)
|
Puyang
|
|
Reference material
[71]
|
|||
-
Famous town
Henan Province has 10 state-level famous historical and cultural towns and 51 provincial-level famous historical and cultural towns.
|
Yuzhou City, Shen垕 town
|
Jiaxian Zhongtou town
|
Xichuan County Jingzi Guan town
|
Suiping County Chaya Mountain town
|
She Qi county credit store town
|
|
Daokou town, Hua County
|
Zhuxian town, Kaifeng County
|
Guangshan County white bird garden town
|
Ancient Yingtown, Zhengzhou City
|
Zhougou town, Chishan County
|
|
Reference material
[71]
|
||||
-
Namura
Henan Province has 2 national-level historical and cultural villages, 46 provincial-level historical and cultural villages, 123 traditional Chinese villages and 811 provincial-level traditional villages.
|
Jianxian Tangjie town Linfeng Zhai
|
Zhangdian village Likou Township Jiaxian County
|
|
Reference material
[71]
|
|
The Central Plains culture is extensive and profound, and has a long history. From the surface, it is a kind of regional culture, from the deep, it is the root and backbone of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and occupies a prominent position in the history of the development of Chinese culture.
[41]
The Yellow River runs for more than 700 kilometers in Henan Province. The advantageous geographical position and unique natural conditions make Henan one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, masters and scholars have a long history of thought, family name culture, Chinese character culture, martial arts culture, opera culture and so on.
[104]
-
Dragon culture
Henan is the hometown of the Chinese dragon. Taihao Fuxi, known as the head of the three emperors and the ancestor of humanity, created the dragon totem in Huaiyang, Zhoukou, which was "named after the dragon division" and realized the first great integration of many tribes in the Central Plains in ancient times. Known as the first of the five emperors and the ancestor of humanity, Xuanxuan Huangdi, after unifying the tribes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, in order to gather the thoughts and spirits of the tribes, Xinzheng also uses the dragon as the totem of the new tribe, and the Chinese call themselves "descendants of the Yellow" and "descendants of the dragon". Dating back more than 6,400 years, Puyang Mussel Dragon is the earliest "dragon" image in China, and is praised as "the first dragon in China" by the archaeology and social circles.
[41]
[104]
-
Chinese character culture
In the Huangdi era, Cang Jie, a native of Yucheng, Shangqiu, originated from Yin Ruins of Anyang, the capital city of the late Shang Dynasty, Li Si, a native of Shangcai, Zhumadian, developed the standardized writing font Xiaozhuan, and Xu Shen, a native of Luohe, wrote the world's first dictionary Shuowen Jiezi. The standardized "Song Typeface" was produced in Kaifeng, the capital city of the Northern Song Dynasty, and movable type printing was also invented in Kaifeng.
[41]
-
Surname culture
Henan surname
-
Farming culture
China
The early agricultural civilization originated in Henan. The early farming culture in the Central Plains included many farming techniques and scientific inventions. Many agricultural production tools have been unearthed in the remains of Peiligang culture, which provides evidence for the early developed agricultural civilization in the Central Plains. Yan Emperor Zhu Xiang established Zhuye (now Huxiang Town of Zhecheng City, Shangqiu), the capital of Chen State, and created the early developed agricultural civilization in the Central Plains.
[41]
-
Commercial culture
Merchants, commodities, and commerce originated
A surname
. Shang tribe leader Shang Qiu Wang Hai "Zhaohe cart cattle far dress Jia", with cattle carts to pull goods to far to do business, is regarded as the originator of commerce. During the Spring and Autumn period, the people of Hebi Xunxian County were not only able to be an official but also good at doing business and getting rich. Fan Li, a Shang sage from Nanyang Xichuan, helped Gou Jian to destroy Wu and restore the state, and quietly retired to the state of Song, where he used his talents for business. Zheng, the capital of the state of Zheng, encountered Qin invasion on the way to trade, and withdrew from the Qin army at the cost of his fifteen cattle. The professional merchant was born in Luoyang, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the law of Quality Oath was born in Xinzheng, the capital of the State of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the earliest tariff collection represented by the "Gate Levy" occurred in Shangqiu, the capital of the State of Song in the Spring and Autumn Period.
[41]
-
Ideology and culture
The ideology and culture of the Central Plains is the core of the ideology and culture of the Chinese nation. On the basis of Fuxi's eight gossip, King Wen of Zhou wrote the Book of Changes, which had a profound influence on later generations, in the prison of Youli City in Anyang Tangyin. In Luoyang, the capital city of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou made rituals and music, and established rules and regulations. Confucius, whose ancestral home was Xiayi in Shangqiu, spread Confucianism by lecturing in various vassal states in Henan. Taoist thought, Mohist thought, famous thought, legalist thought, vertical and horizontal thought and other thoughts originated from Henan.
[41]
-
Science and technology culture
阏 Bo, an early Chinese astronomer, set up China's first stargazing platform 阏 at Suiyang stargazing Observatory in Shangqiu. The Shang Dynasty's stepmother Wu Large square tripod unearthed in Yin Ruins of Anyang,
[42]
It is the largest and heaviest bronze artifact ever found in China. The "water drainage" blast technology invented by Du Shi, a Weihui man in Jiaozuo of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was more than 1,000 years earlier than in Europe. "Stork fish stone axe Pottery Jar" is known as the earliest Chinese painting with a history of more than 6,000 years, and is listed as one of the national immovable cultural relics by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
[41]
-
Traditional Chinese medicine culture
Both Yan Di and Huang Di were the founders of traditional Chinese medicine, which originated and developed in Henan. Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nanyang, was honored as the "sage of medicine". His famous work "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" was the treasure of traditional Chinese medicine and was well known at home and abroad. Shangqiu Zhang Congzheng for the first of the four famous doctors of the Jin Dynasty.
[41]
-
Poetry culture
Henan is the birthplace of Chinese literature. Shang Shu, the earliest collection of prose in China, was compiled by the historian of Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the Book of Songs, China's first poetry collection, there are more than 100 works belonging to Henan Province, accounting for more than one-third of the total. Lu Xun said, in the Qin Dynasty can be called a writer, only Henan Shangcai Li Si one. In the period of Han and Wei, there is a saying that "Han and Wei articles are semi-luoyang".
[41]
-
Wushu culture
Henan is the home of kung fu in China. Songshan Shaolin martial arts in Dengfeng, Zhengzhou is the source of Chinese kung Fu and enjoys great fame at home and abroad. Taijiquan, founded by Chen Wangting, a native of Chenjiagou, Wenxian, Jiaozuo, is the birthplace of Taijiquan in China.
[41]
Henan dialect directly inherits the development of grammar, vocabulary and phonological system of the ancient Chinese common language, and has a strong internal consistency. The syntactic structure of the grammar is quite consistent in the vast number of counties and cities, but the morphology is slightly different. The basic words in the vocabulary, especially the root words, are basically the same, but there are some differences in pronunciation, and the differences in some non-basic words are more obvious. In terms of tone, except for 19 counties and cities north of the Yellow River, the remaining more than 100 counties and cities are in the four tone classes of Yin flat, Yang flat, upper voice and removed voice, and the tone values in the vast areas of central, eastern and southwestern regions are basically the same, most of the consonants and vowels are the same, and the differences also exist obvious corresponding laws. Except for a very small number of remote counties and townships, people in the remaining 100 or so counties and cities do not have difficulties in communicating with each other. Due to the influence of regional division, population migration, distribution of mountains and rivers, land and water transportation, and the dialects of neighboring provinces, many dialects have been formed in Henan dialect. In the north of the Yellow River, due to the obstruction of the Yellow River, it is inconvenient to communicate with the central region, and the sound has not disappeared, forming a unique northern dialect film. In the south of the Huaihe River, due to the obstruction of the Huai River, it has less communication with the central region, while it has more communication with some neighboring counties in Hubei and Anhui, producing a southern dialect film close to the Jianghuai dialect. In the west, due to the presence of Shanshan Mountain, Shaanxi and Lingbao counties are less connected with the central region than with the eastern part of Shaanxi, forming the western dialect. The vast area in the middle is the main body of Henan dialect, whose characteristics are reflected by the grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of this region, but there are still some differences within it.
[43]
-
Immovable cultural relic
There are 65,519 immovable cultural relics in Henan Province, ranking second in the country in number, including 5 World cultural heritage sites (Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Yin Ruins in Anyang, Dengfeng "Tiandi Zhong" historical buildings, Henan Section of the Silk Road and Henan section of the Grand Canal), 420 national key cultural relics protection units, and 1,170 provincial cultural relics protection units; The State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced and approved 13 national archaeological sites park (Han and Wei Luoyang City, Sui and Tang Luoyang City, Yin Ruins, Zheng Han City and other 4 listed, Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty site, Erlitou site, Yanshi City, Chengyang City site, Yangshao village site, Miaodigou site, Jiahu site, Dahe Village site, Sanyangzhuang site and other 9 projects). 970 cultural relics under protection at or above the provincial level were opened to the public.
[71]
By the end of 2022, Henan had 420 national key cultural relics under protection and 1,521 provincial cultural relics under protection.
[110]
|
Estate list
|
Home city
|
|---|---|
|
Luoyang, Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Jiyuan, Sanmenxia
|
|
|
Luoyang
|
|
|
Anyang
|
|
|
Historic buildings between heaven and earth
(
Shaolin Temple
,
Frequent hospitalization
,
Chuzu nunnery
,
Tallinn
),
Three Que in the Eastern Han Dynasty
(
Taishi towers
,
Shaoshi towers
,
Keimu Pass
),
Zhongyue Temple
,
Songyue Temple pagoda
,
Hoi Seon Temple
,
Songyang Academy
,
Star observation platform
|
Zhengzhou
|
|
Sui and Tang Grand Canal
(
Huilocang
,
Hanjia granary
,
Tongji Canal
Luohe Sui and Tang Luoyang section, Tongji Canal Luohe Luokou section,
Luokou warehouse
, Zhengzhou section of Bianhe River in Tongji Canal,
Xingyang Old City
, Kaifeng Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Tokyo City Section in the Tongji Canal, Nanguan Wharf section in the Shangqiu River in the Tongji Canal, Xiayi Section in the Tongji Canal,
Shangqiu ancient city
, Shangqiu Jiyang Town section of Bianhe River, Tongji Canal,
Yongji Canal
,
Hundred Springs
Baiquan River, Weiyuan Temple, Hehe Stone Bridge, Yongji Canal Weihe Hebi Xunxian section,
Liyangchang
, Yunxi Bridge,
Fangcheng weir
Yongji Canal Weihe Anyanghua County section)
|
Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Hebi, Anyang
|
|
Silk Road
(
Han and Wei Luoyang city site
,
Site of Dingding Gate of Luoyang City, Sui and Tang Dynasties
,
Xinan Han Hangu Pass site
Xiaohan Ancient Road Shihaou Section site)
|
The city of Luoyang,
Sanmenxia
|
-
Movable relic
Henan Province is the largest province of cultural relics in the country, the underground cultural relics first in the country, the above-ground cultural relics second in the country, in the province's nearly 100 museums, the total collection of cultural relics accounted for more than one eighth of the country.
[112]
By July 2022, there were 1,773,620 pieces (sets) of movable cultural relics in Henan Province.
[102]
|
name
|
Total collection
|
Quantity of valuable collections
|
|---|---|---|
|
145,135 pieces (sets)
|
53,337 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
53,568 pieces (sets)
|
9396 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
3303 pieces (sets)
|
843 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
12829 pieces (sets)
|
5170 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
23069 pieces (sets)
|
6787 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
50,236 pieces (sets)
|
1768 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
29275 pieces (sets)
|
3688 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
20445 pieces (sets)
|
5406 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
1878 pieces (sets)
|
1395 pieces (sets)
|
|
|
Data up to the end of 2021
[105]
|
||
Henan Province has surveyed more than 1.8 million clues of various types of intangible cultural heritage resources, of which more than 220,000 basic projects have been approved. The province has 3 projects included in the UNESCO Representative List of human intangible heritage (24 solar terms, shadow puppetry, Taijiquan, are jointly declared projects), 113 projects included in the national intangible heritage list, 728 projects included in the provincial intangible heritage list. There are 127 national representative inheritors and 832 provincial representative inheritors. Currently, there are five national demonstration bases for the productive protection of intangible cultural heritage and two national research bases for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. There are 2 national cultural ecological protection experimental areas, 8 cultural ecological protection experimental areas in Henan Province, 33 intangible cultural heritage research bases in Henan Province, and 25 intangible cultural heritage social inheritance bases in Henan Province.
[71]
By the end of 2022, Henan Province had 125 national-level intangible cultural heritage sites.
[74]
|
National Intangible Cultural Heritage List (Selected)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Taihao Fuxi Memorial
|
||||
-
summarize
The folk arts with local characteristics in Henan Province include traditional drama
Yu opera
,
Wan bang
,
Huaibang
,
Large flat modulation
,
overtone
,
Liuzi Opera
,
Daxian Opera
,
Four flat tones
,
Ballad opera
,
Taikang Taoist love drama
,
South le mu Lian play
Luoshan Shadow Play,
Tung Bai shadow play
,
Double chord-string
,
Luojuan opera
,
Two-stranded string
,
Huai tune
,
Cavity drop
,
Heluo Drum
,
Henan pendant
,
Nanyang three-string book
,
Piece in major
,
Suona art
,
Head bend
,
Xinyang folk song
,
Xiping folk songs
,
Yellow River trumpet
, Sheng wind music blowing song, Xiping bronze, Jiaxian bronze,
Unseal the disc drum
,
Zhongzhou drum
, Buddhist music Daxiangguo Temple Fan Music,
Fire Dragon Dance
,
Little lion dance
, Locust Shop lion dance, stilt high fire sedan, Lankao Kirin dance,
Suixian Kirin dance
,
Su family do dragon and phoenix lantern dance
,
A surname
,
The gong will ring
Among them, Yu Opera and Luoshan shadow play have far-reaching influence.
[100]
-
Yu opera
Henan Opera is one of the largest local operas in China and one of the most influential operas in the country. It has been included in the national intangible cultural Heritage list and is popular in more than a dozen provinces and autonomous regions such as Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Taiwan, Anhui, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangsu. In the voice, Henan opera belongs to the Clapper opera system, there are five major schools: Kaifeng as the center of the singing method called "Xiangfu tune"; The singing style centered on Shangqiu is called "East Henan tune", also known as "East Road tune"; The singing style spread in Luoyang is called "West Henan Tune", also known as "Xifu tune"; Popular in the southeast of Henan called "Shahe tune", also called "local bang". In 1949, under the leadership of Yang Lanchun, a comprehensive absorption and substantial reform of the four regional schools of Henan opera singing, the use of scientific pronunciation, into the elements of opera, formed a "modern tone", also known as "modern drama school". In 2009, the Henan Opera Undergraduate Class of the National Academy of Chinese Opera enrolled 24 students from all over the country, making Henan Opera a university major for the first time.
[100]
-
Luoshan shadow play
Luoshan shadow puppetry has been included in UNESCO's intangible Cultural Heritage list. Luoshan shadow play originated in Shenzhou, Hebei Province, and began to multiply in Luoshan County, Xinyang City during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), with a history of more than 450 years. Sheng, Dan, net, ugly when complete, smooth music melody, singing, Daobai elegant and popular appreciation, the band simple and reasonable drama art.
[100]
|
Holding time
|
Host city
|
name
|
|---|---|---|
|
Every year from the first day of the first lunar month to the second day of the second lunar month
|
Shangqiu City
|
|
|
Every year on the second day of the second lunar month
|
Zhoukou City
|
|
|
Every year on the third day of the third lunar month
|
The city of Zhengzhou
|
|
|
It runs from April 1 to May 10 every year
|
Luoyang City
|
|
|
It is held from April 28 to 30 every year
|
Xinyang City
|
|
|
It is held from April 28 to May 5
|
Nanyang City
|
|
|
May 16-18 every year
|
Luohe City
|
|
|
May 18-25 every year
|
Sanmenxia City
|
|
|
It is held from May 22 to June 6
|
Anyang City
|
|
|
It runs from June 26 to July 2 every year
|
The city of Zhengzhou
|
|
|
From August to October every year
|
Jiaozuo City
|
|
|
It is held from August 20 to 26 every year
|
Jiaozuo City
|
|
|
August 26-28 every year
|
The city of Zhengzhou
|
|
|
It is held from August 28 to 30 every year
|
Municipalities by province
|
|
|
It is held from September 6 to 8 every year
|
Zhumadian City
|
|
|
It is held from 8 September to 8 October every year
|
Shangqiu City
|
|
|
Even years on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month
|
Shangqiu City
|
|
|
It is held from September 21 to October 7 every year
|
Nanyang City
|
|
|
From October 18 to November each year
|
Kaifeng City
|
|
|
Around October 20 every year
|
Nanyang City
|
|
|
It is held from November 5 to 7 every year
|
The city of Zhengzhou
|
|
|
It is held from 8 to 10 November every year
|
Xinyang City
|
Henan Province has 4 global geoparks such as Yuntai Mountain, Songshan Mountain, Wangwu Mountain - Daimei Mountain and Funiu Mountain, 15 national geoparks such as the Yellow River and Chaya Mountain, 17 provincial geoparks such as Mangdangshan Mountain in Yongcheng, 3 National mining parks in Nanyang Dushanyu, Fenghuang Mountain in Xinxiang and Jiaozuo Seosan Mountain, and 13 national nature reserves such as Nanyang Dinosaur Egg Fossil Cluster. Yuntai Mountain Scenic spot, Yaoshan Big Buddha Scenic Spot, Chaya Mountain Scenic Area and Qihe Eco-Tourism Area are national eco-tourism demonstration areas.
[106]
By the end of 2022, there were 681 A-level tourist attractions in Henan Province, of which 215 were 4A level or above. There are 361 star-rated hotels and 1,229 travel agencies.
|
Home city
|
List of scenic spots
|
|---|---|
|
The city of Zhengzhou
|
Shaolin scenic spot
|
|
Luoyang City
|
Longmen Grottoes, Longtan Grand Canyon, Luoyang Baiyun Mountain Scenic spot, Laojun Mountain Scenic spot, Jiguan Cave scenic spot
|
|
Jiaozuo City
|
Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area, Xiuwu County (Shennong Mountain - Qingtian River)
|
|
Anyang City
|
|
|
Kaifeng City
|
Qingming River garden
|
|
Pingdingshan City
|
Yaoshan scenic spot
|
|
Nanyang City
|
Laojieling-dinosaur relic Garden scenic spot
|
|
Zhoukou City
|
|
|
Zhumadian City
|
Chaya Mountain Scenic Area
|
|
Shangqiu City
|
Yongcheng Mangdangshan tourist attraction
|
|
Xinxiang City
|
Xinxiang eight ditch scenic spot
|
|
Reference material
[44]
[144]
|
|
Yin Ruins of Anyang
|
Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang
|
Zhengzhou Shaolin Temple
|
Zhengzhou Xinzheng Huangdi hometown
|
Shangqiu ancient city
|
Nanyang Wolonggang Wuhou Temple
|
Nanyang Xixia dinosaur relic Park
|
Nanyang Neixiang county government
|
Shang Qiu Yongcheng Liang Xiao mausoleum
|
Zhoukou Luyi Laozi hometown Taiqing Palace
|
Zhoukou Huaiyang Fuxi Taihao Mausoleum
|
Yuefi Temple in Anyang Tangyin
|
White Horse Temple in Luoyang
|
Shangqiu Yingtian Academy
|
Kaifeng Dragon Pavilion
|
Songshan Mountain, Dengfeng, Zhengzhou
|
Shang Qiu Yongcheng Mandangshan
|
Jiyuan Wangwu Mountain
|
|
Home city
|
Scenic spot name
|
|---|---|
|
The city of Zhengzhou
|
Zhengzhou Yellow River scenic spot
,
Fengle farm
, Fujing Ecological World,
Songyang Academy
,
Zhongyue Temple
,
Xinzheng City Huangdi hometown scenic spot
,
Kangbaiwan Manor
,
Bamboo forest Changshou Mountain scenic spot
,
Zhongyuan pagoda
,
Zhengzhou Green Expo Park
Xingyang Gubai Du Fei Huang Tourist Area, Fangte Happy World, Gubai Du Fengle Cherry Garden scenic spot,
Sanquan Lake scenic spot
,
Silver base International tourism Resort
,
Red Stone Forest scenic spot
,
Du Fu's hometown
Yingtaogou Scenic spot, Fuxi Grand Canyon Scenic spot,
Zhengzhou Garden Expo Garden
, Dengfeng Star Observatory scenic spot,
Jianye Huayi Brothers Movie Town
Dengfeng city big bear mountain immortal Valley scenic spot
|
|
Nanyang City
|
Longtan Ditch ecological scenic spot, Old Stork River rafting,
Baotianman scenic spot
,
Neixiang County Government Museum
, Neixiang Baotianman Canyon rafting Scenic Area, Dabaotianman Primitive Forest Ecological Tourism Scenic Area, Danjiang Xiangyan Temple Scenic Area, Wollonggang Wuhou Temple, International Jade City, Qifeng Mountain Qidingshan Ecological Tourism Area, Yunlu Mountain Scenic Area,
Temple Mountain National Forest Park
,
Tongbai Mountain Huaiyuan scenic spot
, Fangcheng seventy-two Tan Scenic spot, Nanzhao County Wuduo Mountain scenic spot,
Shan-shan Guild Hall
,
Laojun Cave
,
Huazhou Academy
,
Erlongshan Scenic Spot
Henan Danjiang Grand Garden scenic spot, Deyunshan style Botanical Garden
|
|
Luoyang City
|
White Horse Temple in Luoyang
,
Luoyang Guanlin
,
Qian Tang Zhizhai Museum, Xin 'an County
,
Luanchuan county heavy Dugou scenic spot
,
Longyu Bay National Forest Park
,
Luoyang Funiu Mountain ski resort
,
Yangzi Ditch scenic spot
, Baotuzhai Scenic spot,
Yellow River Xiaolangdi Shuili Hub scenic spot
,
Muzhaling tourist area
,
Tianchi Mountain National Forest Park
,
Shenzhai National Forest Park
,
China National Garden
,
Luoyang Sui and Tang ruins Botanical garden
, West Mount Tai Scenic Spot in Henan, China,
Daimei Mountain
Luoyang Lavender Manor, Luoyang Dinosaur Valley rafting,
The Tianhe Grand Canyon
Qingyao Mountain Scenic spot,
Second Journey Cultural Park
Luoyang Hauser International Tulip Flower Sea Joy City, Luoyang Fengxiang Hot Spring Tourism Area, Luanchuan Bamboo Sea Wildlife Park,
Huaguo Mountain National Forest Park
|
|
Xinyang City
|
Dasu Mountain National Forest Park
Hubei-henan-anhui red capital scenic spot, Diamond Tai Cat Ear Peak Scenic Spot,
West Jiuhua Mountain
,
Jigong Mountain scenic spot
,
South Bay Lake scenic spot
,
Lingshan Scenic spot
Xihe Scenic Spot,
Linglong Lake ecological culture tourism area
,
The hometown of General Xu Shiyou
,
Huangbai Mountain National Forest Park
,
Dabie Mountain Camping Park
,
Jinlan Mountain Forest Park
,
Jigong Mountain peach blossom village scenic spot
|
|
Shangqiu City
|
Shangqiu ancient culture tourism area
North Lake Scenic spot, Chenguanzhuang Memorial Hall of Huaihai Campaign, Sun and Moon Lake Scenic spot,
Suixian North lake scenic spot
|
|
Xinxiang City
|
Wanxian Mountain scenic spot
,
Jiulian Mountain scenic spot
,
Bikan Temple
, Huilong Tianjie Mountain Scenic spot,
Jinghua Garden scenic spot
,
Luwang Mausoleum
,
Baoquan scenic spot
, Sedan top Mountain scenic spot, Weihui City Longwu Rock scenic spot, Huixian Guanshan scenic spot
|
|
Kaifeng City
|
Kaifeng Dragon Pavilion
,
Chinese Han Garden
,
Kaifeng Prefecture
,
Kaifeng Xiangguo Temple
,
Baogong Memorial Hall
Kaifeng Tower Park, Lankao Jiao Yulu Memorial Park,
Zhu Xian town Qifeng old garden
,
Long live mountain · Big Song Wuxia City
Tianbo Yangfu Park
|
|
Sanmenxia City
|
Guo State Museum
,
Swan Lake National urban Wetland Park
,
Hangu Pass historical and cultural tourism area
,
Western Henan Grand Canyon
Lingbao Hanshan Scenic spot, Yanzi Mountain Eco-tourism Scenic spot, Niangniang Mountain Scenic Spot, Sanmenxia Yellow River Park,
Double Dragon Bay Scenic Area
, Sanmenxia Yellow River Danxia,
Yangshao Culture Museum
Sanmenxia Ganshan National Forest Park, Shaanxi Pit Courtyard scenic spot, Baicao Garden in Western Henan Province
|
|
Luohe City
|
|
|
Jiyuan City
|
Wangwu Mountain scenic area
,
Wulongkou Scenic Area
,
Yellow River Xiaolangdi Shuili Hub scenic spot
,
Xiaolangdi Yellow River Three Gorges scenic spot
Small gully back · Galaxy Gorge Scenic spot
|
|
Anyang City
|
Yue Fei Memorial Hall
,
Youli Zhouyi Museum
Linzhou City
Wanquan Lake Scenic Spot
Chinese ancient chestnut Park, Anyang Ma Manor, Daokou ancient town
|
|
Xuchang City
|
Yanling National Garden of flowers and trees
Yanling Huadu Hot Spring Resort,
Yuzhou Junguan kiln site museum
,
Dahongzhai scenic area
,
China Jun porcelain cultural Park
Yanling County Golden Rain Vanilla Manor tourist area,
Yanling Wucai Earth sightseeing leisure tourism area
,
Shen 垕 Ancient Town
,
Yanling Jianye green base
,
Yanling Tangyun eco-tourism area
|
|
Puyang City
|
|
|
Jiaozuo City
|
Yuanrong Temple scenic spot,
Jia Ying view scenic area
,
Yellow River Culture Film City
,
Wenxian Chenjiagou scenic spot
South-to-north water diversion Tianhe Park, Mengzhou hometown Mogou scenic area
|
|
Zhoukou City
|
Laozi hometown tourist area
,
Zhoukou Guandi Temple
Wildlife world, Taiqing Palace, Jianye Canal Town, Shangshui County Ye Manor
|
|
Zhumadian City
|
Jinding Mountain Scenic Spot
,
Nanhai Buddhist Temple
,
Tongshan Scenic Spot
,
Choshanzhigou Revolutionary Memorial Hall
Old Leshan scenic spot
|
|
Hebi City
|
Yunmeng Mountain scenic spot
,
Kollingsan
,
Dae伾 Mountain
, Wuyan Mountain Tourist area,
Chaoyang mountain scenic spot
Sangyuan Town · Taiji Map Scenic spot, Adouzhai Scenic spot in Heshan District
|
|
Pingdingshan City
|
Thrush Vale
,
Shimantan National Forest Park
(Erlang Mountain Scenic spot, lamp bench scenic spot)
,
Pingdingshan Museum
,
Yaoshan Grand Canyon rafting
,
Sansu Garden
,
Temple of fragrant hills
,
Fengxue Temple
Jiaxian Yaozhuang tourist area
|
|
Reference material
[45] 44 -
[146-148]
|
|
|
Agricultural specialty
|
||||
|
Linzhou hawthorn
|
Inner hometown
dogwood
|
|||
|
Lushan ginger
|
Huangchuan decorated duck
|
|||
|
Special snack
|
||||
|
Break a seal
Spring chicken in pot
|
||||
|
Zhumadian sesame oil
|
|
statesman
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A surname
Fuxi
|
||||
|
Chen Ping
|
||||
|
-
|
-
|
|||
|
Military personnel
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Thinker and writer
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
calligrapher
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Painter
|
||||
|
Zhao Ji
|
||||
|
Craftsman
|
||||
|
Military and political circles
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Wang Jun
|
|||||
|
[59]
Li Guoying
|
Xu Qiling
[62]
|
Li Qiaoming
[63]
|
Wang Guanghua
[80]
|
Wang Kai
[88]
|
Zhang Guoqing
[89]
|
|
Scientific community
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Zhang Guowei
|
|||||
|
Wang Xiaodong
|
|||||
|
Li Yongfang
|
|||||
|
Literature, academia
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
||
|
Henan business community
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Li Wei
|
Jiang Ming
|
||||
|
Huang Ru Lun
|
|||||
|
Sports circles
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Show business
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mo Xi 'er
|
|||||
|
Fan Pengfei
[67]
|
Ma Ke
[67]
|
||||
|
Zhang Zifeng
[67]
|
|||||
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||
On October 15, 2019, the Ministry of Transport identified Henan Province as the first batch
Building a powerful country in transportation
Pilot area.
[32]
On December 25, 2020, Henan Province was awarded the "Advanced Province (city) Award of Unpaid Blood Donation" by the National Health Commission.
[46]
In April 2022, Henan Province was selected into the list of provinces to be encouraged in the field of transportation construction in 2021.
[76]
In 2022, Henan Province was included in the national forest resource value accounting pilot list.
[79]
