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Francis (Latin: Franciscus, Italian: Francesco, Spanish: Francisco, English: Francis) is an Argentinian of Italian descent who was born in Argentina on December 17, 1936
Buenos Aires
, Jesuits,
Catholicism
266th
Pope
, yes
Roman Catholic Church
The first non-European Pope, and the first from
Society of Jesus
The Pope
[7]
.
Francis, whose real name is Jorge Mario Bergoglio, joined the Jesuit order in 1958. In 1992 he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires. In 1998,
consecrate
For the Archbishop. In 2001, he was promoted to
cardinal
. In March 2013, he was declared Pope of the Roman Catholic Church
Saint Francis of Assisi
The name of the honorable title
[8]
. Since becoming Pope, Francis has broken with many traditions of the traditional Catholic Church, such as publicly saying that divorcees and gays should be accepted
[34]
And appointed women to the synod of bishops
[9]
. In addition, he carried out the Holy See reform by cutting the salary budget and legal regulations, publicly apologized for the sexual abuse of children by clergy in the past, and demanded "zero tolerance" to investigate clergy involved in sexual abuse
[1]
[11] 10 -
.
12 - [13]
.
In 2013, Francis was named Time magazine's "2013 Person of the Year."
[8]
; In 2014, he was ranked first among the 50 Greatest Leaders in the World by Fortune magazine
[22]
. In the same year, he was named "the World's 100 Most influential People" by Time magazine.
[59]
; From 2014 to 2015, he was named the fourth most powerful person in the world by Forbes for two consecutive years
[60]
[64]
.
- Chinese name
- Francis
- Foreign name
-
Franciscus
Francesco
Francisco
Francis
- alias
- Jorge Mario Bergoglio (Jorge Mario Bergoglio)
- nationality
- Argentina
- Place of Birth
- Argentina Buenos Aires
- Date of birth
- December 17, 1936
- Have faith in
- Catholicism
- duty
- Pope
catalogue
- 1Character experience
- ▪Early days
- ▪Join the Society of Jesus
- ▪episcopate
- ▪Be elected Pope
- 2Diplomatic activity
- ▪The United Nations
- ▪Russia
- ▪Ukraine
- ▪America
- ▪Cuba
- ▪China
- ▪Other countries
- 3Speech and opinion
- ▪Gay tolerance
- ▪Science and religion
Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires on December 17, 1936, to an immigrant family of Italian descent. His father, Mario, was an accountant for the railway company, his mother, Regina, was a housewife, and Jorge was the eldest of five children
[8]
[14]
.
While in high school, Jorge graduated from the Escuela Tecnica Industrial N° 27 Hipolito Yrigoyen and, after qualifying as a chemical technician, worked for a while in a food laboratory. He then chose the path of the priesthood and enrolled in the Seminary of Villa Devoto
[15 to 16]
.
At the age of 21, a small part of his right lung was removed due to a pneumonia infection
[16]
.
Jorge as a teenager
Jorge as a teenager
Jorge entered on March 11, 1958
Society of Jesus
Apprentice, go
Chile
Study the humanities. In 1963, he returned to Argentina and earned a degree in philosophy at the College of SAN Jose in SAN Miguel
[14]
.
1964-65 in Argentina
Santa Fe
The city's University of Notre Dame teaches literature and psychology. In 1966, he taught the same course at the Salvatore College in Buenos Aires. From 1967 to 1970, he studied theology and earned a degree at SAN Jose College
[14]
.
In December 1969,
Be promoted to a priest or priest
for
abbe
. Between 1970 and 1971, he continued his training at the University of Alcala de Henares in Spain, completing his Jesuit studies on April 22, 1973
[14]
.
On 31 July 1973, he was appointed Jesuit representative to Argentina, a post he held for six years. He continued to teach at the university and served as president of SAN Jose College and pastor of the Diocese of SAN Miguel. In March 1986, he went to Germany to complete his doctoral thesis
[8]
[14]
.
Jorge in his youth
Jorge in his youth
On May 20, 1992, he was ordained by the Pope
John Paul II
His appointment as auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires took place on 27 December
Jin Mu
for
bishop
[8]
[14]
.
On 28 February 1998, following the death of his predecessor, Cardinal Guarazino, he became Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Catholic Archdiocese of the Oriental Rite of Argentina
[8]
[14]
.
He was appointed on 21 February 2001
cardinal
He was awarded the title of San Roberto Bellarmino. In October of the same year, he was appointed General Counsel of the tenth General Assembly of the Episcopal Synod
[8]
[14]
.
In April 2005, he participated as a Cardinal elector in the papal conclave. In the same year, he was elected President of the Argentine Bishops' Conference for a three-year term, and was re-elected after completing his term in 2008. Before 2013, he had been in
See of Rome
He is a member of the Liturgical and Sacramental Ministries, the Priesthood Ministries, the Religious Ministries, the Pontifical Council for the Family, and the Pontifical Council for Latin America
[8]
[14]
.
Cardinal Jorge in 2008
Cardinal Jorge in 2008
In February 2013, the Pope
Benedict XVI
Announced his abdication for health reasons. On 12 March, 115 cardinals attended a conclave to elect the Pope, and on the following day Jorge was selected as the 266th Pope, known as Francis, who took office on 19 March
[8]
17 - [19]
.
On 19 March 2013, he celebrated his inauguration Mass at the Vatican
On 19 March 2013, he celebrated his inauguration Mass at the Vatican
In April 2013, Francis established a Pontifical Commission of eight cardinals from five continents to assist the Pope in the reform of the Holy See, and to discuss and plan for the reform of the Holy See. In July, Francis made his first foreign trip to a site where migrant smugglers often die
The island of Lampedusa
He visited the stowaways stranded on the island, held Mass with the people, and criticized the inhuman actions of European countries in intercepting foreign immigrants. In September, at the Vatican
St. Peter's Square
Initiate a day of prayer and fasting, a day of prayer and hunger strike for peace in Syria
[8]
.
2014年3月，方济各透露与中国国家主席
Xi Jinping
The exchange of letters became the first Pope to write to a Chinese leader to reveal that he had received a reply. After arriving in Korea, he began a 5-day pastoral visit to Korea
[20-21]
. December 2nd"
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
", with from
Episcopal Church
,
Orthodox Church
,
Buddhism
,
Hinduism
,
Judaism
and
Islam
Many religious leaders signed the Joint Declaration of Religious Leaders Against Modern Slavery.
[72]
.
In September 2015, he visited the United States and was invited to address the United States Congress, becoming the first Pope to do so
[97]
. After leaving for New York
United Nations Headquarters
, in
UN General Assembly Summit on Sustainable Development
A keynote speech was delivered before the opening, focusing on the protection of the environment and the fight against poverty and exclusion. We call on leaders of all countries to set aside partisan and ideological interests and work for the common good of mankind
[75]
.
February 12, 2016, Francis and Russia
Orthodox Church
patriarch
Kirill I
in
Cuba
capital
Havana
The talks have been held since 1054
The Great schism between East and West
After the first meeting. The two men met behind closed doors and signed a joint declaration calling for the protection of human rights in the Middle East
Christian
Immunity from persecution
[30]
.
Patriarch Kirill I and Pope Francis
Patriarch Kirill I and Pope Francis
Accessed February 3, 2019
The United Arab Emirates
To be the first to visit
Arabian Peninsula
The Catholic Pope of Rome
[45]
. During a visit to the Azha Mosque in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, with
Islam
Sunnite
The leader, the Great Azhar
imam
Sheikh Ahmed Tayeb co-authored the declaration "Human Fraternity for Peace and Coexistence in the World," which urges religious and political leaders to end war, conflict and environmental destruction
[66]
[78-79]
. On the 21st of the same month, the Vatican held a four-day anti-sexual abuse summit on the theme of "Protecting Children in the Church", aimed at eradicating the widespread phenomenon of sexual abuse by clergy within the Catholic Church
[1]
.
March 2021, visit
Iraq
He became the first Pope to visit Iraq
[82]
. Period, with Iraq
Shiah
Spiritual leader
The Ayatollah
Sistani
To discuss the security and life of Christians in Iraq and the role of religious leaders in stopping the suffering of the people
[90]
.
In 2022, more trips began to be postponed or cancelled due to issues such as knee pain, occasionally requiring the use of a wheelchair, but the overall physical condition seemed to be relatively good
[46]
. In July, travel to the capital of Alberta, Canada
Edmonton
On a six-day "penance" trip to promote reconciliation between the Catholic Church and Aboriginal Canada over the dark history of residential schools for aboriginal children
[47]
.
In August 2023, he traveled to Lisbon, Portugal for a 5-day visit and hosted
World Youth Day
Grand ceremony
[55]
.
In September, the size of the Catholic visit was less than 1,500 people
Mongolia
[6]
. On the 30th of the same month, 21 new cardinals were promoted, including the Bishop of Hong Kong, China
Zhou Shouren
[48]
.
Vatican City State
As a sovereign state, China has established diplomatic relations with 183 countries, regions and organizations in the field of foreign relations
OECD
Members and
The United Nations
, the OSCE,
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
,
Universal Postal union
,
World Intellectual Property Organization
And other important international or regional organizations. As Pope, Francis usually meets with heads of state when he visits countries with which he has established diplomatic relations
[65]
.
United Nations agency, 19 March 2013
World Food Programme
Executive Director Cousin and Director General Dasilva were invited to attend Francis' inauguration
[67-68]
. As Secretary General of the United Nations at the time
Ban Ki-moon
Da Silva was received by the Pope
[68]
. Ban Ki-moon visited Francis at the Vatican on April 9, 2013, May 9, 2014, and March 18, 2015, in accordance with UN practice
[69-71]
.
In 2015, Ban Ki-moon visited Francis
In 2015, Ban Ki-moon visited Francis
On September 25, 2015, Francis made his first visit to the United Nations headquarters in New York, where he received representatives of the United Nations staff and delivered a keynote address in the auditorium of the General Assembly before the opening of the UN Special Summit on Sustainable Development
[74]
. On 29 October 2018, President of the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly
Oh, Espinosa
Visiting Francis at the Vatican
[77]
. On 20 December 2019, the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations was appointed
Guterres
Visiting Francis at the Vatican
[80]
.
Russia and the Vatican officially established relations in March 1990, and diplomatic relations were established on December 9, 2009
[85]
. President of Russia
Putin
Talks with Francis began when he arrived in Italy on several working visits. In addition to international hot issues, there are also topics that have attracted international attention since 2015
Ukraine issue
[84-86]
[89]
.
In 2013, Putin met with Francis
In 2013, Putin met with Francis
On May 13, 2023, Francis received at the Vatican the President of Ukraine who was visiting Rome
Zelensky
. The meeting, which lasted about 40 minutes, was Zelensky's first face-to-face meeting with Francis since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and their second since February 2020, and focused on the humanitarian and political situation in Ukraine
[56]
.
The United States and the Vatican formally established diplomatic relations in 1984 and have worked closely together on a range of issues, including Italian elections
[95]
. On March 27, 2014, the President of the United States arrived in Rome
Obama
First, he will meet with Francis at the Vatican, where he will focus on protecting life, immigration reform and religious freedom
[96]
. On September 24, 2015, Francis began his first visit to the United States
[97]
.
Mr. Obama met with Francis in 2014
Mr. Obama met with Francis in 2014
On May 25, 2017, the President of the United States
Trump
Visit the Vatican to meet with Francis for talks on fighting terrorism, responding to humanitarian crises, protecting human rights and religious freedom
[99]
. before
2016 U.S. Presidential election
Trump and Francis have sparred over Mexican immigration
[98]
The media believed that although the meeting between Trump and Francis in 2017 seemed to be harmonious, it was like a "secret war".
[100]
.
Francis receives the Vice President of the United States at the Vatican's Pontifical Palace on January 24, 2020
Mike Pence
[91]
. In October of the same year, U.S. Secretary of State
Mike Pompeo
In response to China's accusations, Francis canceled a scheduled meeting with him
[92]
. On October 29, 2021, after becoming President of the United States
Biden
First visit to the Vatican, meeting with Francis
[93]
.
On September 20, 2015, Francis arrived in Havana, Cuba, as President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers
Raul Castro
Led officials to the airport to greet the Pope. Earlier, in an effort to restore diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba, Francis had sent a letter to Raul Castro urging improved relations between the two countries
[101]
. During his visit, Francis traveled to Cuba's former leader
Fidel Castro
Talk at home and give each other books
[87-88]
.
China broke off diplomatic relations with the Vatican after 1951 because the Vatican maintained so-called "diplomatic relations" with Taiwan. Since the second half of 2016, the Vatican has expressed its recognition of the appointment of bishops by the Catholic Church in China, and the Pope has publicly received bishops appointed by China. The Chinese side also said that it is always sincere in improving China-Vatican relations and has made unremitting efforts to push for new progress in the process of constructive dialogue and improvement of bilateral relations
[36]
[63]
.
In September 2018, Vice Foreign Minister of China
Wang Chao
A meeting was held in Beijing with the head of the Vatican delegation, Vice Minister for Relations between the Holy See and the States Camillelli, and a provisional agreement on the appointment of bishops was signed. In October 2020, after friendly consultations between the two sides, China and the Vatican decided to extend the provisional agreement on the appointment of bishops for two years; In October 2022, the two sides decided to extend the interim agreement for another two years
[57]
.
In addition to these visits, Francis has also met with various heads of state, including, but not limited to, the following: In May 2017, State Counsellor and Foreign Minister of Myanmar
Aung SAN Suu Kyi
He traveled to the Vatican for a meeting with Francis, after which the Vatican formally established diplomatic relations with Myanmar
[102]
. In November, Francis made his first visit to Myanmar, where he met with Aung SAN Suu Kyi and the commander-in-chief of the National Defense Forces
Min Aung Hlaing
[103]
; In November 2019, he traveled to Japan with the Japanese Prime Minister
Shinzo Abe
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Japan
Taro Aso
meet
[2]
; In 2021, visit Cyprus and Iraq and other places to meet
Nikos Anastasiades
,
Mustafa Kadimi
Wait for national leaders
[83]
[94]
.
Francis calls for tolerance
homosexuality
It believes that homosexuality should not be marginalized. In his Apostolic exhortation "The Joy of Love", published in March 2016, he stated that "every human being, regardless of sexual orientation, should be respected and taken seriously for his dignity, and that 'any unfair discrimination against them should be avoided', in particular any form of aggression and violence." These families should be accompanied with respect so that those with homosexual tendencies can receive the assistance they need."
[34]
[51]
.
In 2020, Francis spoke out about same-sex couples
Civil union
", stressing the need to create a civil union law to protect the rights of the gay community
[43]
. In December 2023, it approved priests to offer blessings to same-sex couples, but said the blessing did not represent the Church's endorsement of same-sex relationships and could not be performed in religious ceremonies that bless marriage
[52]
.
Francis agreed
Pius XII
,
John Paul II
Such is the Pope's position on scientific theory, that is, the view of modern science
Big bang
harmonious
Evolution theory
It does not contradict the "creation theory of God", but rather confirms the existence of God, because evolution and development are preconditions for the emergence of things that can evolve, and this is the creation of God
[35]
.
In his Apostolic exhortation, The Joy of the Gospel, issued in November 2013, he argued for a union between science and faith, and that the Church had no intention of stopping the development of science. The dialogue between faith, reason and science will open new horizons of thought and expand the possibilities of reason, to the benefit of the whole society, and will be the way to the search for harmony and peace
[54]
.
Francis emphasized the need for Catholic believers and people around the world to love and protect the natural environment. In his May 2015 encyclical, "Blessed Be Thou," he promoted the concept of holistic ecology, arguing that the worst consequences of environmental shocks are borne by the poorest, exacerbating the world's inequities; The deterioration of the environment is closely related to the moral degradation of human beings, which makes people chase too much profit and so on
[44]
.
In October 2023, Francis issued the Apostolic exhortation "Praise Be to God", noting that the world's current response to the climate crisis is inadequate, for example, the average emissions per person in the United States are about twice that of China and about seven times that of the poorest countries. He believes that a broad change in the irresponsible way of life associated with the Western model will have an important and long-term impact in order to achieve sustained progress on the path of true mutual care
[53]
.
Francis noted that while developments in many areas have improved the welfare of many people, the majority of his generation still live in extreme poverty every day. He advocated relief for the poor, valuing rather than excluding the poor, and rejecting money worship and violence. He denounced the West's obsession with consumption and pleasure, arguing that the extravagant celebration of Christmas was not in keeping with the original purpose of the holiday. In addition, he has criticized Western countries
Developing country
It holds that for many countries, globalization has led to accelerated damage to the roots of local culture. As a result of imitating the thinking and style of other cultures, they have been invaded by some trends that emphasize economy rather than morality, exacerbating the phenomenon of inequality and injustice
[37]
[39]
[54]
.
The year 2015
Syria
During the refugee influx, he proposed that every Catholic diocese in Europe take in one refugee family, and said the two Vatican dioceses would lead by example to help cope with the influx of tens of thousands of refugees fleeing the scourge of war
[29]
.
Over the years, Francis has called for greater unity around the world, condemning and intervening in wars and conflicts in various countries. He believes that behind the war, countries use the war to sell or test weapons, which also hurt innocent people
[26]
[42] 41 -
. To achieve human development as a whole, the world must work tirelessly to avoid wars between nations and between people. Moreover, efforts must be made towards the immediate realization of a nuclear-weapon-free world and the full implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
[76]
.
In 2014, Francis brokered a deal to end half a century of diplomatic ties
Cuba
And the United States to resume diplomatic relations between the two countries
[24 to 25]
. In 2016, Francis stepped in
Venezuela
The situation prompted the government to open peace talks with the opposition
[38]
. Since 2022, on several occasions, he has expressed his willingness to mediate in the Russia-Ukraine conflict to help
Russia
and
Ukraine
A "mutually agreed" plan to end the conflict was reached, but Ukraine refused to negotiate
[33]
[56]
.
Francis has repeatedly met with victims of sexual abuse by clergy, declared that sexual abuse of children by clergy is a crime, said that sexual abuse of children is "presiding over the ritual of worship of demons", and tried to curb the epidemic of clergy sexual abuse through reform measures, such as the establishment of bishops' trial courts, the establishment of an anti-sexual abuse commission, and public apologies for clergy sexual scandals. In July 2018, Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, Bishop emeritus of Washington, D.C., who was accused of sexually abusing minors, was removed from office.
[1]
[27-28]
[32] 31 -
. In 2019, it lifted the Roman Catholic Church's policy of keeping cases of child sexual abuse highly confidential
[81]
.
|
A given year
|
Evaluation unit
|
Awards/achievements
|
|---|---|---|
|
2013
|
China International News Forum
(Selected by about 50 Chinese media)
|
Top 10 People in the Spotlight Abroad (3rd)
|
|
2013 Person of the Year
|
||
|
2014
|
The World's 50 Greatest Leaders (# 1)
|
|
|
Time Magazine
|
The 100 most influential people in the world
|
|
|
Prospect Magazine
|
World thinker
|
|
|
The World's Most powerful Person (# 4)
|
||
|
2015
|
The World's Most powerful Person (# 4)
|
(The above information is for reference
[8]
[22-23]
[60] 58
[64]
)
Shepherd's badge
Papal coat
These images had previously appeared on the coat of arms of Bergoglio when he was Cardinal of Buenos Aires. After his papacy, the color of the stars and the flowers on the coat of arms was changed from silver to gold, and later the stars were changed to octagonal stars, and the flowers were modified
[61]
.
At the bottom of the coat of arms is the Pope's motto in Latin, "MISERANDO ATQUE ELIGENDO" (Chosen in love). The motto is taken from the sermon of St. Beda, who was commenting
Saint Matthew
The Gospel story of the Calling says, "Jesus saw a tax collector, looked upon him with affection, chose him, and said to him, Follow me.
[61]
.
Name and alias
Signature of Francis
Following the papacy, documents such as Encyclicals and Exhortations are usually issued. Among them,
encyclical
It is an official circular letter from the Pope to other dioceses, unifying catechism and resolving internal disputes as a means and method of governing the Church.
exhort
It is a document which does not involve the revision of Canon law and regulations, and whose main purpose is to persuade and exhort in the form of a wide publicity
[104]
. As of March 14, 2024, Francis has issued three encyclicals and seven exhortations during his inauguration
[105-106]
.
|
Release time
|
type
|
filename
|
|---|---|---|
|
June 29, 2013
|
encyclical
|
Lumen fidei (Light of Faith)
|
|
November 24, 2013
|
exhort
|
The Joy of the Gospel (Evangelii Gaudium)
|
|
May 24, 2015
|
encyclical
|
Praise be to you (Laudato si')
|
|
March 19, 2016
|
exhort
|
The Joy of Love (Amoris laetitia)
|
|
March 19, 2018
|
exhort
|
Rejoice and rejoice (Gaudete et exsultate)
|
|
March 25, 2019
|
exhort
|
The Living Christ (Christus vivit)
|
|
February 2, 2020
|
exhort
|
Beloved Amazon (Querida Amazonia)
|
|
October 3, 2020
|
encyclical
|
Brothers (Fratelli tutti)
|
|
October 4, 2023
|
exhort
|
Laudate Deum
|
|
October 15, 2023
|
exhort
|
This is faith (C 'est la confiance)
|
(The above information is for reference
[105-106]
)
In February 2016, in the film"
Beyond the sun
"Beyond the Sun," in which he played himself, was the Pope's film debut. Francis asked the film company to produce the film, hoping to convey the message of Jesus to children, and all profits from the film will be donated to two charities in Argentina
[62]
.
In August 2017, at least 62 conservative Catholic scholars and clergy accused Francis of spreading heresy, something they said had not been done since 1333. The letter of accusation was handed to the Pope on 11 August, with 40 signatories, and was later signed by 22 more after the incident was made public. The letter did not accuse the Pope of being a heretic, but criticized him for promoting seven "heresies," chief among them the granting of communion to divorced and remarried Catholics. Francis has not publicly responded to the letter
[40]
.
Local time on December 31, 2019, Francis at the Vatican
St. Peter's Square
While greeting the crowd, a woman pulled him over. In the video, he is visibly upset and starts slapping the woman's hand in an attempt to get away, Shouting at her. The next day, the Pope apologized for the gaffe, saying, "We have lost patience many times, and so have I," and "I am sorry for setting a bad example yesterday."
[49 and 50]
.
On July 4, 2021, Francis was sworn in
Colonic diverticulitis
She went to the Gemelli Hospital in Rome for surgery to remove part of her colon. After the operation, she was alert, did not need assistance breathing, and was in good condition overall
[3-5]
.
Francis is a religious leader of global stature with a faith that transcends all faiths and is a voice of conscience in the cause of global sustainable development. He spoke out on behalf of the world's refugees and migrants and in solidarity with those caught up in conflict and poverty. He is committed to helping struggling families and to eliminating modern slave labor. He believes in the importance of creating pathways of opportunity for young people and building Bridges between communities
[73]
.
Eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations
Ban Ki-moon
Review)
There are very few leaders who can make us want to be better people, and Pope Francis is that leader. The holiness of the Pope touches the world through his message to the poor, the marginalized, and the homeless. More than that, people are inspired by his actions, his patience, his gestures, these simple but profound actions
[107]
.
The 44th president of the United States
Obama
Review)
