Spanish bullfighting originated in ancient Spain Religious activity (Cattle killed as a sacrifice to the gods), 13th century King of Spain Alfonso X This began as a ritual and later evolved into a bull race (real bullfighting appeared in the mid-18th century). Spain has more than 300 bullfights (the largest being Madrid Ventas Bullring, which can hold 25,000 people). From March to November every year Spanish bullfighting festival And sometimes every day doudou Sunday and Thursday are usually bullfighting days.

Chinese name: Spanish bullfight
Foreign name: Spanish: toreo, Portuguese: tourada, English: bullfight

origin: Spain Ancient religious activities
Feast day: March 19 - October 12 Spanish Bullfighting Festival
Racing cattle: African purebred bull 400kg-500kg
Player address: matador

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Bullfighting history

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EDITOR

The Spanish word for bullfighting is toreo, corrida de toros, or tauromaquia, Portuguese tourada, corrida de touros, or tauromaquia, is a sport of man and bull fighting. The people involved in bullfighting are called matadors and are mainly popular in Spain, Portugal and Latin America, especially Spain National skill . The history of bullfighting dates back to Prehistoric times Cattle worship and frescoes.

Flag of Spain

Spanish bullfighting has been around for centuries, even millennia. in Aldamira Found in a cave Neolithic age In the rock wall paintings, people have seen some records of people fighting with cows. According to history The man who once ruled Spain Ancient Rome Julius Caesar loved bullfighting on his horse. Later, bullfighting developed into standing on the ground and fighting cows. At this point, the rudiments of modern bullfighting were basically formed. In the six hundred years that followed, this Competitive sports It has always been regarded as a symbol of bravery and good war, and was quite popular among the Spanish nobility.

By the middle of the 18th century, House of Bourbon During his reign, the first king, Felipe V, hated the sport and believed that it should be banned because of its cruelty to members of the royal family. Since then, this traditional noble patent has been spread from the royal palace to the people.

Now, in this The Iberian Peninsula On the 19th of March, bullfighting is regarded as a noble art and is celebrated every year Saint Joseph The seven-month period starting on October 12, Spain's National Day, is known as bullfighting season. Which was in March Valencia celebrated Hansuri And in June Granada The Feast of the Eucharist will be a series of grand bullfights, in addition, the popular is we are familiar with the annual The Running of the Bulls . ^[1]

Bull presentation

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EDITOR

Spanish bullfight

The bull used in the Spanish Matador is a wild animal of pure blood and is generally violent North Africa Bulls. They're in special enclosures Cattle breed Cultivated, after four to five years can be used for competition. But the bull's aggressive nature is not trained, it is born. In fact, all bulls are used for bullfighting Colour blindness So no matter what color of cloth you put in front of its eyes, the bullfight is not feeling, only shaking objects can stimulate their fight (the red side of the red and yellow cape in the hand of the matador is used to provoke the bull, the yellow side to calm the bull is an unsubstantiated rumor), So don't be surprised if one day a bull runs into a speeding train. Official bullfights weigh between 400 and 500 kilograms. Student matadors typically deal with two to three hundred kilograms of cattle under the age of three. During the show, any bull that is not stabbed to death by a matador will eventually be led into the bullpen and stabbed to death by a sword.

matador

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EDITOR

A dashing female bullfighter

In Spain and throughout the Spanish-speaking world, matadors are regarded as brave men and are respected and worshipped by the people of the country. A Spanish bullfighter In a position higher than that of ordinary celebrities and entertainers. This unique group of people has elegant, courageous souls, they are the perfect combination of technical and physical strength, feminine and brave. In fact, bullfighting is not only for men, women have been involved in the sport until the 1930s, only later female bullfighters were banned. But in the past decade, many women have joined in this brave challenge. In the Oscar-winning screenplay Talk to her Spanish actress Rosario Frores Rosario Flores shows the image of Lydia, a strong and brave female bullfighter. Although the Spanish government prohibits children under the age of 16 from participating in bullfights, in those who speak Spanish In the region, the sport is wildly promoted.

Spanish bullfight

The dress of today's Spanish bullfighters still inherits the tradition of their 16th century predecessors. The main matador generally uses red clothing, which is inset with gold and some gold ornaments, so that it appears shiny and brilliant when doing action in the sun. In the 16th century, people used to wear hairstyles, so the main matador wore headdresses. This tradition was continued, and gradually, the headdress became an ornament. The main matador is the only person wearing a headdress in the arena, which has evolved into a symbol of the main matador's identity. In addition, the red cloth and cloak are also two very important tools. The red cloth is the patent of the main matador, in fact, the so-called red cloth is a red side and a yellow side, which is just in line with Flag of Spain The color is the same. The three matador assistants carry the cape, which differs from the red cloth in that the red side is replaced by pink. A matador's set of tools includes a spear, six flower markers, four different swords, and a dagger. In the initial stage of the show, the main matador usually uses a sharp sword without an elbow and supports a red cloth to lure the bull, and in the final stage of the stabbing, the short sword with an elbow is unveiled and the matador stabs it into the heart of the bull's back. In addition, the main matador is equipped with a crosshead sword, which is used to stab bulls Central nerve Yes.

Main process

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EDITOR

Spanish bullfight

A bullfight consists of three matadors fighting six bulls for two rounds each. In Spain, all bullfights are scheduled for the afternoon. Spaniards are used to lazy habits, not on time, the only thing on time is to watch the bullfight. In addition, bullfighting must be in the sun, as in most parts of Spain Temperate continental climate Mediterranean style in some areas Climatic condition Therefore, it can only be performed between March and November each year. Each of the three matadors had a team of assistants, including three flower darters and two mounted spearmen. It is difficult for the audience to predict the outcome of each showdown, because it depends on many factors, such as the courage and skill of the matador, but also depends on the bulls, some of the fierce bulls raised by the famous farms directly threaten the matador's victory and even life. In fact, for bullfighting, the bull and the matador are equally important because of its reception Degree of training And ferocity of the relationship to the matador's luck, in the history of the famous matador are inevitable to die on the battlefield, and finally the fate of being picked to death by the cow.

The whole show begins with the entrance of the matador, the two leaders, all dressed in the 16th century, riding horses first. They ran straight to the stand where the chairman was sitting and asked him to give them the keys to the cattle pen. At this time, the whole room was extremely quiet, and the audience waited for this sacred and solemn scene. Then the band played loudly The Matador March In the sound of the music, the three matadors each rate their own class into three columns at the same time. The matador's silk suit shone brightly in the sun. They walked around the ring in a characteristic manner, then came to the president and bowed to him, waiting for the matador to leave the arena. The chairman waved his backhand and the horn sounded, which was to announce that the gate of the cattle pen was open and the cattle ran out, that is, the bullfight began. The above introductory parts vary from place to place, but they are all the same.

The whole bullfighting process includes four parts: teasing, spear piercing, flower dart and formal fight. Teasing is the whole show prelude . Since this bull starts wild, three matador assistants are responsible for encouraging it to run all over the place and depleting its initial energy. After a few rounds, armored pikemen on horseback appeared, and they pierced the bull's back and neck with long spearheads, punctured its blood vessels, bled it, and opened a passageway for the main matador to drop his sword. The horses they ride are covered with armour and their eyes are covered to prevent fear. When a bull is stabbed, it becomes more violent, so it is not uncommon for the spearman to be tipped over and stabbed. Therefore, it is necessary for three assistants to move forward to distract the bull and withdraw the spear.

After the spearman completes his task, the spearman takes the stage on foot, holding a pair of wooden poles, decorated with flower feathers or paper, with metal hooks at the front end of the spear, standing alone in the position, and enticing the bull towards him Make an impact . When the bull rushes up, the flower dart is quickly pierced into the back and neck, if pierced, the hook will be tied to the back of the bull's neck, and it also plays a blood-letting role. Due to the short time to aim, charge, and thrust, and the need to judge the bull's charge, the movement needs to be clean. But sometimes someone can only hit one dart, or miss both, and the crowd will boo. However, if the cow has less than or equal to 4 flower darts, it can be allowed to make up one more stab, but it misses again, that is, there will be no such opportunity. This also makes it more difficult for the master bullfighter.

Finally, the main matador with a sword and a red cloth came on the stage and began to perform some tricks and dodging to show his strength, such as chest dodging, that is, when the bull rushes to the straight line towards itself, the leg slips and the bull rushes close to the body, and there are other tricks such as" Belonika That is, a red cloth is thrown at the bull's face to provoke and tease the bull. Belonica was originally the name of the virgin who brushed the face of Jesus at the time of his crucifixion, because of his movements similarity , hence the name. Others include matadors who stay put and coaze the bull around its circular body.

The final stage, the final assassination, is also the climax of the bullfight. The matador aims at the neck of the bull with a sharp sword with an elbow, and then draws the bull to charge towards it, and then rushes forward to meet the bull himself thrust To the heart of the cow. So the cow will fall to the ground in a very short time. The stab is the most skillful, the matador must use the sword and the eyes flush On tiptoe, hand horizontal pressure, force, sword into the cow behind the wrist to shake the sword slightly left bend to break the heart's main ventricle, which requires high speed, strength and accuracy . There are three types of assassinations: the man does not move and the ox rushes; At this time, the matador is static in the aiming stage, which is conducive to preparation, aiming and judgment. The second is that people move and the cow does not move, that is, in the time when the cow is watching, the matador rushes forward, aiming while rushing, until the sword enters the cow, and the cow is also forced forward to Pierce deeper. The third is that people move cattle also move, which is the most difficult to grasp and the highest level of assassination action. That is, the matador rushes to the cow, and the bull also rushes to the person from a certain distance, and the matador judges the parts of the cow in motion and accurately starts the hand, which is extremely complicated and difficult to master, but if it is used well, it is the cow's Time of death The shortest, the prettiest may even fall to the ground.

If the bull has lost his fighting ability after being stabbed, but will not fall to the ground for a while because the sword is not deep enough or the bull is strong enough, then the matador or his assistant will stab the bull with a cross sword or short sword dagger Central nerve When the cow immediately falls to the ground and dies. In one's garb festoon the Mule car When the bull is dragged away, the matador will accept the cheers of the audience, or throw his hat to the audience, and accept the cheers, applause and flowers thrown by the audience, and the matador will enjoy the reservation according to the lowest to highest level of assassination The ears of an ox , retain oxtail The honor of being carried out of the front door.

Bullfight reward

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EDITOR

1. Accept applause

Spanish bullfight

single matador After a successful bullfight, he is rewarded with a round of applause, which he and his companions usually only face dais The direction of the bottom audience, receiving people's flowers, applause and knight hats. This is the minimum type of reward a matador can receive.

Star rating: ☆

2. Take a lap around the arena

If a matador's performance is satisfactory, he and his three assistants (short javelin throwers) will be honored with a lap of honor, and they will circle the ring to receive applause and cheers from the people in the stands, as well as throwing flowers, hats, gifts, etc.

Star rating: ☆☆

3. One ear reward

If a matador's teasing, action, assassination and so on make people feel very satisfied with the whole process of performance, the whole audience will wave white for him handkerchief After seeing more than 80% of the audience waving white handkerchiefs, the president of the Presidium will decide to give the matador a bull ear reward , including the privilege of a lap of honour. In other words, the audience has the right to reward the matador with an ear or not.

Star rating: ☆☆☆ ☆

4. Binaural Rewards

If the matador's performance makes the audience crazy, on the basis of having decided to reward the matador with a bull's ear, the vast majority of the audience continue to wave the white handkerchief and ask the presidium to reward the matador again, and the chairman of the presidium has the right to decide whether to reward the matador with a second bull's ear. A matador who gets two bulls' ears proves that he has achieved great success.

Star rating: ☆☆☆☆ ☆

5. Double ear plus oxtail .

On rare occasions, the presidium would reward a famous matador with both ears and an oxtail after a successful performance. This is the highest level of reward, and the eight first and 45 second class bullfights in Spain are extremely strict about this award, usually no more than 10 times a year in total. As of May, no matador had ever been so honored.

Star rating: ☆☆☆☆☆ ☆☆

6. Prince Gate

Through "Prince Gate" is only available Seville The prize is only available in the Maestranza, but not in any other bullring in Spain. When a matador wins a prize of more than three bulls in a two-round match with two bulls, the Maestranza Arena opens the front "Prince Gate" for the matador, who rides on the shoulders of another man to show off, and passes through the "Prince Gate" to the cheers of the spectators. It is also a great honor for a matador.

Star rating: ☆☆☆☆☆ ☆☆

taurobretto

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EDITOR

In the long history of bullfighting, countless excellent bullfighting songs were born, and there are nearly 200 songs about bullfighters in Spain alone. The famous "Spanish bullfight song" is loved by people. The music is full of passion, joy, enthusiasm, enthusiasm and unbridling, showing the bravery of the matador, popular all over the world, and has become a perennial song World famous music .

Originally from Spain march The music is majestic, Dance style Very masculine. It's used everywhere in Spain Bullfight dance Instead of the march dance. The paso doble is a dance influenced by bullfighting. The brass band above the entrance of the bullfighting arena is always playing the march, that is, the Spanish so-called paso doble music, the inspiration for the formation of the Paso Doble is from this music. It is also because of this music that the pace of bullfighting itself is inspired. In short, the paso doble is an interpretation of the bullfighting; The role of the male dancer can be compared to that of a bullfighter, ballerina It represents the red cloak used to attract the attention of bulls. Classify the paso doble as Latin America Dance, it's incredible because it's completely European and it originated in Spain.

Bullfight protest

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EDITOR

A dashing female bullfighter

There is a lot of controversy about this traditional activity. Some voices protested:" Spain The bullfighting process is actually very simple, first make the bull angry, and then, two spear fighters on tall horses, armed with spears, Straight thrust The back of the cow. Stab the back of the cow until it's bleeding. Two more spear The hand inserts the spear with the curved hook accurately into the back of the bleeding cow, two darts at a time, a total of three times. finally matador Appearance, he first tired the bull exhausted, and then by the bull killer raised a long sword to stab the heart of the bull, the bull suddenly gushed blood, fell to the ground and died, the matador is in the triumphal music to accept the audience's congratulations. It seems cruel. And yet the gentlemanly gentlemen and ladies admired the executioner as a hero." Even in Spain, there is a growing backlash against this practice, which takes place every year during bullfights March and demonstrate Condemn such acts. As a result, the bullfighting show in Spain has gradually lost its former scenery, and the scene of the West mountain has appeared. In July 2001, Spain announced a ban on the sale of fighting dead drugs on the market beef . Selling bull beef is the main income of cattle breeders, and the ban means that cattle breeders will give up breeding because they can not afford the high cost of domestication, and the world-famous Spanish bullfighting will have no cattle to fight. Bullfighting is a traditional event in Spain, but it does not seem to be practiced in other countries. In 2001, Moscow A group of men prepared for a bullfight, and then Mayor Luzhkov announced: In view of the animals protectionism Under intense pressure from the people, religious figures and youth groups in Moscow, the decision was made to ban bullfighting.

Bullfighting province

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EDITOR

matador

On July 29, 2010, in a province of Spain, the country of bullfighting Catalonia , local council Vote on The animal protection Act was amended to ban bullfighting from January 1, 2012. This made the province the first in Spain to ban this traditional activity. The Catalan regional parliament voted 68 to 55 to ban bullfighting.

Spain's second largest city Barcelona, known as the center of anti-bullfighting, held its "last" bullfight on September 25, 2011. Since then, bullfighting has been banned in Barcelona.

Catalonia The regional government has decided that from January 1, 2012, the entire region of Catalonia will completely ban bullfighting, which has been going on for centuries. In July 2010, the Catalan regional parliament voted to approve the resolution. Before that, Spain's The Canary Islands Bullfighting was outlawed in 1991. ^[2]

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