Proto-Germanic

The evolution of Proto-Germanic languages began when the pronunciation of the proto-languages began to diverge due to geographical separation. As phonetic habits vary from place to place, the sound slowly changes.

According to a dominant academic view of the origin of the Germanic language, it began about 4,500 years ago, i.e Nordic Bronze Age Before that, speakers of Indo-European languages started The Germans The "birthplace of the theory" (or simply called Urheimat ) The central area, arrived at located Sweden Minami Hoa Jutland The vast plains of Denmark and northern Germany, known at the time as the Jutes. This is the only land where no pre-Germanic place names have been found. The area was already inhabited before these settlers arrived, and the lack or incompleteness of place names must indicate that the Proto-Indo-Europeans had moved in so long, so ancient, and so frequently that the existing names were repeatedly changed. If the archaeological view of common languages is a straightforward approach (rather than a straightforward assumption), then the identity of the speakers of Indo-European languages should be identified as more broadly spanning Corded ware culture period (aka Striped pottery period) or The Tomahawk culture period It may also have been involved before all the way to Western Europe Neolithic age late Funnel neck pottery culture period The founder of...

Proto-germanic languages followed in Urheimat Successful archaeological discoveries strongly demonstrate that Proto-Germanic speakers lived in southern Scandinavia and a wide area as far west as the Dutch coast and east as far as the Westura River before the languages really diverged into separate Germanic branches around 750 BC.

Proto-germanic languages are by definition considered to be the linguistic building blocks that constitute the ancestors of all confirmed Germanic languages since 500 AD. It was used throughout the late Bronze Age in Northern Europe (about 2500 BC - 500 BC) Proto-Indo-European Dialects were proposed and identified as" Pre-Proto-Germanic Or, more colloquially, "Pre-Germanic", although no derivative other than Germanic has been identified. By 250 BC, Proto-Germanic had divided into five larger Germanic languages, one in the east, two in the west and two in the north.

On the basis of Historical linguistics The theory of Proto-Germanic is seen as Tree model That is, if all the languages derived from a language can be analogized as genealogical lineages in biology, then Proto-Germanic can appear in the genealogical diagram as a crossing point or a nodule from which all descendants can be derived, and Proto-Germanic itself can be the end of a branch by another nodule Proto-Indo-European Derive it. One of the problems with the nodule is that it would mean involuntarily enforcing the existence of some fixed language, whereas in fact "Proto-Germanic" must have undergone continuous sound changes over such a long time series that any law or grouping would only take effect after these changes had been completed.

American historical linguist Wilfried Lyman (Winfred P. Lehmann) Jacob Greene Jacob Grimm's "First Germanic phonological variation" (A.K.A Green's law and Werner's law His theory that pre-Proto-Germanic languages were derived from Proto-Germanic languages, and his "upper limit theory" is a forced limitation of spoken or stressed syllables. The view of mainstream scholars is that Proto-Germanic languages underwent a "high and low pitch change" consisting of a variable phonemic speech, as a series of rules determined the placement of stress according to the length of the syllable of the word.

The fixation of stress directly causes the sound change of unstressed syllables. To quote Lyman, the "lower limit" is the degree to which the final -a or -e sound in an unstressed syllable can be lowered. For example, woyd-a in Proto-Germanic. Another scholar, Antonson, agreed with Lyman on the upper limit theory, but soon found evidence that no phonemic decline had occurred in the Gulune script: ekwakraz. wraita, "I wakraz ... He wrote (this)". "We must find a new 'lower limit' for Proto-Germanic languages."

Antonsen's personal vision was to divide Proto-Germanic into two parts: the early part consisted of stress fixation and "spontaneous vowel changes", while the late part was defined by ten complex rules describing both vowel and consonant changes.

We can infer when these words were borrowed from Proto-Germanic languages by comparing them with the time of the Germanic phonetic transition. However, since there is no accurate record of when the incident occurred, the accuracy of these inferences is still questioned.

According to linguists, Proto-Germanic nouns have six cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and vocative), three numbers (singular, even, and majority), and verbs have only two tenses: present and past. Nouns, verbs and adjectives have strong and weak forms. The grammar of Proto-Germanic languages is relatively simplified compared to other Indo-European languages (such as Latin and Ancient Greek) at a similar stage. The stress always falls on the first syllable.