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Namibia

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The Republic of Namibia

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The Republic of Namibia (formerly known as Namibia) South West Africa To the north, it is adjacent to Angola and Zambia, and to the east and south Botswana and S.Africa West of the Atlantic Ocean. The coastline is 1600 km long. Most of the area is 1,000 to 1,500 meters above sea level. The western coastal and eastern inland areas are deserts, and the north is plain, covering an area of 824,269 square kilometers. Population 2.57 million (2022) ^[8] 88% are black, and whites and people of color make up about 12% of the population. The Owambo are the largest ethnic group, making up 50% of the total population of Windhoek, the capital, and the country is divided into 14 administrative districts.

15th to 18th centuries, Netherlands , Portugal , Britain After the colonists invaded. 1890 quilt Germany Occupy. It was occupied by South African troops in July 1915 South West Africa (present-day Namibia). On 17 December 1920, the League of Nations "entrusted" South Africa with control of the territory. South Africa annexed it in 1949. In 1960, the South West African People's Organization was formed and began to fight for national independence. In 1966, the United Nations General Assembly changed the name "South West Africa" to "Namibia" in accordance with the decision of the people of South West Africa. Independence was achieved on 21 March 1990, becoming the last country on the African continent to achieve national independence. The next day, China Established diplomatic relations with Namibia.

Namibia is sparsely populated and rich in mineral resources. Mining, fishery and animal husbandry are the three traditional pillar industries, while the manufacturing industry is underdeveloped. Namibia is World Trade Organization Member, you're in Southern African Customs Union , Southern African Development Community African Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, Southern African Development Community Free Trade Park and African Continental Free Trade Area ^[5] Namibia 2022 Gross domestic product 12.61 billion dollars, Gross domestic product per capita About $4,911, with an economic growth rate of 4.6%. ^[1]

Chinese name: The Republic of Namibia
Foreign name: The Republic of Namibia
Abbreviated form: Namibia
continent: Africa
capital: Windhoek
Major city: Walvis Bay , Swakopmund
National Day: 21 March 1990
National song: Namibia, The Land of Courage
Country code: NAM
Official language: English
currency: Namibian dollar
Time zone: UTC+1
Political system: A semi-presidential republic
Population number: 2.57 million ^[8] (2022)
Population density: 3.1 persons per square kilometer ^[4] (2020)

Major nationality: The Owambo, Kavango, Damara, Herero, and Caprivi, Nama, Bushmen, Rehobert, and Tswana peoples.
Major religion: Christianity
Land area: 824269 km²
Water area ratio: ignore
Total GDP: $12.349 billion ^[8] (2023)
Per capita GDP: That's about $4,086 ^[8] (2023)
International telephone area code: 264
International domain name abbreviation: .na
Road access: Drive on the left
National motto: "Unity, freedom, justice."
Largest city: Windhoek
Geographical highest point: Brand Mountain
International organization: WTO , Non-aligned movement
Old name: South West Africa
Leading institution: University of Namibia

catalogue

▪National bird
6Population nationality
7political
▪regime
▪constitution
▪congress
▪Political party
▪government
▪judiciary
▪dignitaries
8economy
▪summarize
▪Industrial and mining industry
▪Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

A Herero woman

Before the arrival of Western settlers, the local population of Namibia engaged in fishing and hunting, and there was a farming industry.

In the 15th century, Dutch, Spanish, British and other colonists came one after another.

In 1884, Germany occupied the coastal area and in 1890 the whole area.

It was occupied by South African troops in July 1915 South West Africa (present-day Namibia).

On December 17, 1920, League of nations South Africa was "entrusted" to rule the land. South Africa annexed it in 1949.

In April 1960, South West African People's Organization On 26 August 1966, he led the people in the armed struggle for national independence.

In May 1967, a special session of the General Assembly decided to establish the South West Africa Council (later renamed United Nations Council for Namibia As the local administration, it was responsible for ending the illegal occupation by South Africa.

June 12, 1968 United Nations General Assembly Rename "South West Africa" to "Namibia".

On 29 September 1978, the United Nations passed Resolution 435, calling for the end of South African rule and the independence of Namibia through a UN-supervised referendum.

In November 1989, elections for a Constituent assembly were held under United Nations supervision, and the South West African People's Organization won power.

In February 1990, Sam Nujoma Elected as the first head of State.

On 21 March 1990, Namibia officially declared its independence as the Republic of Namibia. It also marked the end of the colonial era.

In April 1990, it was admitted as the 160th member state of the United Nations.

Geographical environment

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Regional location

Namibia is located in southwest Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north and northeast, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. With an area of 824,000 square kilometers, Namibia ranks 15th in Africa and 34th in the world. It is about 1300 kilometers long in the north and south, narrow in the south and wide in the north, 480 to 930 kilometers wide in the east and west, and the coastline is about 1600 kilometers long. ^[5]

landform

National map

Namibia has long, narrow coastal plains; Inland are all plateaux, mountains, generally 1,000 meters above sea level, the highest point 2,600 meters. The central part is the central highland; The east is part of the Kalahari Basin; The western coastal area is a desert plain. Located north of the west Brand Mountain At 2,610 meters above sea level, it is the highest point in the country. south Orange River And northern The Kunene River Respectively are the same S.Africa and Angola The boundary river.

Tectonically, Namibia is located in the northwest of the famous Kalahari Craton, and the oldest exposed strata in its territory is the Lower Proterozoic, with an exposed area of about 4600 bedrock and about 54% of the area covered by Tertiary to modern deposits (the Kalahari beds). In terms of regional tectonic unit composition, the regional geological structure of Namibia consists of the following three types of units:

The shield area is mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest of Namibia, and is composed of the early Mesoproterozoic metamorphic rocks directly exposed by the basement and the ancient igneous rocks intruding into it. The metamorphic protorocks are a set of Marine geosynclinal deposits, and the main metal mineralization in them are Au, Cu, and Cu. Pb and Zn Let's wait.

The rift active zone is widely distributed in Namibia. In the late Proterozoic period, large-scale rifting occurred in the ancient land of Namibia, in which extremely thick rift-type deposits developed. Folding and deformation occurred in the late rifting period, accompanied by the intrusion of igneous bodies, and the main metallic mineralization in the ancient land of Namibia included Cu, Pb, Zn, U, Mo, Fe, Sn, W, rare earth, Au, etc.

Deserts of Namibia

The platform areas developed above the metamorphic basement and rifting active zone are unmetamorphic and lack of tectonic change Sedimentary rock Ward.

The strata developed in Namibia by age are: (1) Lower middle Proterozoic Vaalian and Mokolian: a set of meso-basic volcanic rocks, Pyroclastic rock and Clastic sedimentary rock Most of the deposits suffered from stronger metamorphism and became Metamorphic basement . (2) Upper Proterozoic Damara system: a set of intercontinental rift type deposits, mainly in the early period Fluvial facies , Lake facies Clastic rock deposits and rift volcanic rock deposits, and Marine clastic rock and carbonate deposits in the middle and late period. (3) Cambrian system Nama group: For a set Platform cover Type deposits consist mainly of a set of shallow Marine facies Clastic rock , Carbonate rock Sedimentary composition. (4) Karo. Sequence: a set of platform cap deposits, composed of two sets of sedimentary rock and volcanic rock series, sedimentary rock series is located in the lower part, mainly composed of sandstone, siltstone, shale, containing important coal seams, age from the Carboniferous period Triassic period ; The volcanic series is located in the upper part, formed in the Jura ~ Baikui period.

Under the influence of Pan-African orogeny, the Namibian tectonic line is mainly NW and NE trending, and mainly consists of a series of thrust faults and fold structures, which not only control the distribution of igneous bodies in Namibia since the late Proterozoic, but also control the later period Sedimentary basin Formation and Sedimentary rock The exhibition of...

Climatic characteristics

Namibia has a subtropical arid and semi-arid climate with an average of 300 sunny days per year, making it one of the driest countries south of the Sahara. The average annual rainfall is 270mm, and the annual rainfall varies greatly from less than 50mm in the coast, 350mm in the central region to 700mm in the northeast, except for the most southern rainfall in winter (June-September), 70% of the country's rainfall is concentrated in November to March of the following year.

Due to the higher terrain, the temperature is slightly lower than other regions of the same latitude in the world, mild all year round, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. The year is divided into four seasons: early spring in September, summer in December, autumn in March, and winter in June. The average daytime temperature in the mainland during summer is 20-34°C, with the remote northern and southern regions often exceeding 40°C. The average daytime temperature in the mainland in winter is 18-25°C, and the night temperature is often below 0°C, and there is often fog. The coastal areas are affected by the Benguela cold current, and the temperature is maintained at 15-25°C all year round, and fog is often present at night.

Natural resources

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Namibia is very rich in mineral resources, known as the "strategic metal reserve" said. More than 30 minerals have been mined, the most valuable of which are diamonds, uranium, copper, lead, zinc and gold, 90% of which are exported.

Namibia's Marine fisheries are extremely rich, being the third largest fishing country in Africa and the third largest source of income after mining and tourism, with fishery exports accounting for about 15% of total exports. The main products are cod, tuna, sardines, bamboo pod fish, lobster, crabs, 90% of which are exported. There are only about 300 fishing vessels registered in Namibia, with an annual catch of 500,000 to 800,000 tons, an annual output value of about 480 million US dollars, and a direct employment of 16,800 jobs. ^[1]

Administrative division

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regionalization

Namibia is divided into 14 administrative regions (provinces), which are: Zambezi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango East, Okavango West, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto and Otjozondjupa. The capital is Windhoek (Windhoek). ^[1]

Major city

capital Windhoek Located in the central plateau, 1650 meters above sea level, population 405,000, the highest annual temperature of 30℃, the lowest temperature of 7℃. Is the national political, economic, cultural center and transportation hub, industry and commerce, tourism prosperity, there are international airports and convenient road networks and railway lines.

Other important cities are Oshakati, the commercial and transportation center on the northern border, which is also the second most populous city. Chumeibu is the northern mining and smelting center, rich in copper, gold, lead, zinc, etc., convenient transportation, cultural and sports facilities are complete. Luderitz Port is a major fishing port on the southwest coast and is a famous tourist spot and diamond mining area. Swakopmund It is a famous coastal city (30 kilometers from Whale Bay), the city is clean and cool, business, tourism boom, is a summer resort. Karibibu is a semi-precious stone and industrial ore base in central and western China. Ochivalongo is a central farming center with convenient transportation and a wildlife park nearby. Kitmanshoop is a major transportation town in the south and a center for purple lamb farming. Orangemond is a diamond processing center. ^[5]

National symbol

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EDITOR

flag

Coat of arms of Namibia

Flag of Namibia It was opened on 21 March 1990. The flag is rectangular in shape, with a 3:2 ratio of length to width. The top left and bottom right of the flag are blue and green two equal right triangle, a red broadband with white thin edges on both sides from the lower left corner diagonals to the upper right corner. In the upper left corner of the flag was a golden sun with 12 rays of light. The sun symbolizes life and power, and golden yellow represents warmth and the plains and deserts of the country. Blue symbolizes the sky, Atlantic Marine resources and water and their importance; Red symbolizes the heroism of the people and expresses their determination to build an equal and better future. Green represents the country's plants and agriculture; White symbolizes peace and unity.

National emblem

Coat of arms of Namibia It is a shield with a flag pattern painted on the center, and the yellow at the bottom of the shield represents the vast Namib Desert ; Embedded beneath the desert is a white sash inscribed in English with the country's constitutional principles: "Unity, liberty, justice." The osprey with wings above the coat of arms represents water resources, and the diamond, the country's main mineral resource, is painted under the eagle's claw. On either side stand two of Namibia's endemic African right-angle antelopes, epitomizing the wealth of natural resources.

National anthem

Namibia, The Land of the Brave

Namibia, brave land, we have won the battle for freedom, glory to those who fought for it. With love and loyalty, we are united in building the beautiful Namibia, our country Namibia. On lovely plains, the banner of freedom is hoisted. Our country Namibia, our motherland Namibia, we love you.

The national flower

Millennial orchid

National bird

Coruina rufibretus

Population nationality

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The Himba people of Namibia

According to the 2018 Labour Force Survey report released by the Namibia Bureau of Statistics, Namibia has a national population of 2.414 million. The population is 50.1% in rural areas and 49.9% in urban areas. With a population density of less than 3 people per square kilometer, it is one of the lowest in the world. The labor force accounts for 45.2% of the country's population, of which 0.07% of the labor force has a college education or above. In 2021, it has a population of 2.59 million.

Of Namibia's 14 provinces, the central Khomas province has the largest population, accounting for 18.5% of the country's population. The northern district of Ohangwena accounts for 10.8%, and the district of O 'Musati accounts for 10.5%. The provinces of Kalas and Hardab in the south, Kunene in the north-west and Omaheko in the east have smaller populations.

The Owambo are Namibia's largest ethnic group, making up 50% of the country's population. The other major tribes are the Kavango, Damara, Herero, as well as the Caprivi, Nama, Bushman, Rehobert and Tswana. ^[5]

political

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EDITOR

regime

The Constitution adopted in 1990 states that Namibia is a sovereign, independent, united and secular republic; Implement the separation of powers, the two-house parliament and the Cabinet system of the prime minister. Since independence, the political situation in Namibia has remained stable. The People's Party Government attaches great importance to education, health and infrastructure construction, pays attention to the improvement of people's lives, and keeps developing economic and social undertakings. In November 2009, the presidential and National Assembly elections were held, which resulted in the victory of ZanU-PF and the re-election of its candidate Hifikepne Pohamba as president. Afterwards, President Pohamba appointed Geingob as Prime Minister. In November 2014, the presidential and National Assembly elections were held, and Geingob ran as the Party's presidential candidate and was elected president with 87% of the vote, taking office on 21 March 2015. In November 2019, the country held its sixth post-independence presidential and National Assembly elections, and President Geingob was re-elected with 56.3% of the vote, and took office on March 21, 2020. On 4 February 2024, President Geingob died of illness. Vice President Mbemba takes over as President in accordance with the constitution and serves until March 2025 when Namibia's newly elected president takes office. ^[8]

constitution

The current constitution was enacted in February 1990 and has since been amended several times. The Constitution stipulates that the country shall implement the separation of powers, the two-house parliament and the cabinet system of the president, who shall be the head of state, the head of government and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces for a term of five years and shall not exceed two terms; On the recommendation of the Cabinet, the President may announce the dissolution of the National Assembly and call national elections; The President shall resign and a new president shall be elected within 90 days of the dissolution of Parliament; Amendments to the Constitution must be approved by a two-thirds majority in each house of Parliament. ^[1]

congress

It consists of a National Assembly and a National Council. The National Assembly is elected for a term of five years. The current National Assembly, formed in March 2020, has 104 seats, of which the PNP holds 63 seats out of 96 directly elected seats, and eight members nominated by the President for a term until March 2025. The current Speaker of the National Assembly, Peter Katjavivi, has been in office since March 2015 and will be re-elected in March 2020.

The National Council consists of 42 representatives elected by the country's 14 district councils. At least two meetings a year. The president has no power to dissolve the National Council. The sixth National Committee was established in December 2020 and will serve until December 2025. Chairman, Hon. Lukas Sinimbo Muha. ^[1]

Political party

There are more than 40 political parties, large and small, 10 of which have seats in the current National Assembly. The main political parties are:

(1) SouthWestAfrica People's Organization-SwAPo-Party: the People's Group PARTY, the ruling party. Founded on April 19, 1960, the predecessor of the Owamboland People's Organization was established in 1958, which received wide support from the Owambo ethnic group and other social strata, began the armed struggle in August 1966, and won the election of the Constituent Assembly in November 1989, becoming the ruling party. The first National Congress of independent Namibia was held in December 1991, and it was decided to change from a national liberation organization to a mass political party. The seventh National Congress was held in November 2022, with Hage Geingob and Netumbo Nandi-Ndeitwa re-elected as President and Vice President respectively, and Sophia Haningwa re-elected as General Secretary. The Central Committee held a meeting in March 2024 and decided to hold a special party congress in April 2025 to elect a new party chairman.

(2) the mass democracy movement (PopularDemocraticMovement) : formerly known as stern Hal democratic alliance, renamed maldives in January 2018. It was formed in November 1977 by a coalition of 10 ethnic groups of the White Republican Party and regrouped in 1989 to include 12 political parties and factions that declared themselves "against both communism and racism". In 2003, its important members, the Republican Party and the National Unity Democratic Organization, announced their withdrawal from the union. The current president is McHenryVenaani. The party won 16 seats in the 2019 general election.

(3) the progress of democracy and the conference (RallyforDemocracyandProgress) : in November 2007, a former foreign minister sheedy, wave, jose, vines, and former mining and energy minister jie saja, jose to form. He was elected for the first time in the general elections held in November 2009 and won eight seats in the National Assembly. Advocates the further consolidation of democracy, respect for human rights, opposition to dictatorship and authoritarian systems, and opposition to personality worship; We will intensify efforts to reduce poverty and actively promote social and economic development. The party won one seat in the 2019 general election.

(4) LandlessPeople's Movement (LandlessPeopleMovement) : Founded in 2016, it advocates radical land reform policies. The current chairman is BernadusSwartbooi. The party is currently the third largest party in the National Assembly with four seats.

(5) independent patriot party (IndependentPatriotsforChange) : change was established in August 2020, the attention livelihood of the people, the pursuit of change. The current chairman is PanduleniItula. ^[1] ^[8]

government

this The government will be formed in March 2020. Following the death of President Geingob in February 2024, the cabinet was partially reshuffled. The main members are: President Nangoro Mbemba, Vice President NetumboNandi-Ndaitwah (female), Prime Minister Sarah Kuggailuwa-Amadhila (female), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Works and Transport JohnMutorwa; Minister of International Relations and Cooperation PeyaMushelenga; Minister of Presidential Affairs Christina Hoebes (female); FransKapofi, Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs; Albert Kavanagh, Minister of Interior, Immigration and Security; Lucia Iphumbu, Minister of Industrialization and Trade; LipumbuShiimi, Minister of Finance and Public Enterprise; Anna Njipondoka, Minister of Education, Arts and Culture; AgnesTjongarero, Minister of Sports, Youth and National Services; Emma Theofelus (female), Minister of Information and Communications Technology; DoreenSioka (female), Minister of Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction and Social Welfare; CalleSchelttwein (female), Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Land Reform; ErastusUutoni, Minister of Urban and Rural Development; KalumbiShangula, Minister of Health and Social Services; Itathkandji-Murangi, Minister of Higher Education, Training and Innovation; Pohamba Hifeta, Minister of Environment, Forestry and Tourism; Dereck Klazen, Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources; YvonneDausab, Minister of Justice; Minister of Labour, Industrial Relations and Job Creation UtoniNujoma, Minister of Mines and Energy ThomasAlweendo and others. ^[8]

judiciary

It consists of the Supreme Court, District Court and District Court. The Supreme Court justices and the Attorney General are appointed by the President's Cabinet of Commerce and the Judicial Advisory Council. District and local court judges are appointed by the Minister of Justice. Supreme Court Justice Peter Shivute. ^[1]

dignitaries

Former president Hager Geingob . He was born on August 3, 1941, of the Damara ethnic group, in Otzonjupa Province, northern Namibia. He received his bachelor's and Master's degrees in Political Science in the United States from 1964 to 1974, and his doctorate in Political Science from the University of Leeds in 2004. In his youth, he joined the Liberation Movement of Namibia, and was one of the drafters of the independence Constitution of Namibia. From 1975 to 2002, he was a member of the Political Bureau of the People's Party. After independence in March 1990, he became Prime Minister and served until 2002. He retired from politics in August 2002 and moved to the United States in 2003, where he was invited to serve as Executive Secretary of the Global Alliance for African Affairs (GCA), an intergovernmental international organization. He returned to politics in 2004. In 2007, he was re-elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the People's Party and served as Vice chairman of the People's Party and leader of the Party group in the National Assembly. He was appointed Minister of Trade and Industry in April 2008. He became Prime minister again in 2012. He was elected president in November 2014 and took office in March 2015. In November 2017, he was elected Chairman of the Party. He was re-elected president in the November 2019 election and took office in March 2020. On February 4, 2024, Hage Geingob died. ^[1] ^[6]

Nangoro Mbemba : The President. Born on August 15, 1941 in Ohickoto, Northern California, he received a Bachelor of Science degree from Southern Connecticut State College and a master of Science degree in biology from the University of Connecticut. He joined the Group at an early age. 1993-1996 Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Development; He was Minister of Finance from 1996 to 2003. 2003-2005 Minister of Information and Broadcasting; He was Minister of Education from 2005 to 2010. From 2010 to 2012, he was Minister of Safety and Security. 1998-2022 Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee; He was elected general secretary of the People's Group in 2012 and stepped down in 2017. He was appointed Vice President in February 2018 and reelected in March 2020. He succeeded Geingob, who died of illness, as president in February 2024 and served until March 2025. ^{7 [8]}

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

It is one of the countries with the richest Marine fishery resources in the world, and its mineral resources and output such as uranium and diamonds rank among the forefront in Africa. Mining, fishing and farming and animal husbandry are the three traditional pillar industries, while planting and manufacturing lag behind. After independence, the government of the People's Party has formulated five five-year economic development plans (the fifth national development plan is 2017-2022) and the 2030 vision plan, vigorously attracting foreign investment to develop manufacturing, mineral product processing, tourism and financial services, supporting the development of black enterprises, while paying attention to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of whites, and maintaining steady economic growth. In 2014 and 2015, the economic growth rate reached 6.4% and 6.0%, respectively. Since the beginning of 2016, affected by low international commodity prices and domestic drought and weak infrastructure, the economy has fallen into a technical recession. In order to reverse the predicament, the government has cut budgets and reduced expenditure, and strives to promote the export of agricultural and animal husbandry products and tourism to earn foreign exchange, and actively develop industrial parks. After the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, Namibia's pillar industries such as tourism have been hit hard, making economic development more difficult. In July 2022, the Nigerian government announced that it had successfully contained the epidemic, cancelled all epidemic prevention measures, and gradually returned to the right track of economic and social activities. Driven by the sustained recovery of mining, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and tourism, Namibia's economy has gradually recovered.

Key economic data for 2023 are as follows (source: Namibian Bureau of Statistics, London Quarterly Economic Review, World Bank Report, etc.) :

Gross Domestic Product: $12.349 billion

Gross Domestic Product per capita: about $4,086

Economic growth rate: 4.2%

Inflation rate: 5.9%

Total external debt: $8.3 billion

Foreign exchange reserves: $2.78 billion

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈18.45 NA yuan ^[1] ^[8]

Industrial and mining industry

The manufacturing sector is underdeveloped and 80% of the market is controlled by South Africa. There are about 300 manufacturing enterprises, more than 90% of which are small-scale private enterprises, and the main industries are food and beverage, textile and clothing, leather processing, wood processing and building materials chemical industry. Mining is the traditional pillar industry of Namibia, 90% of mineral products are exported, mainly producing uranium oxide, diamonds, gold and so on. In 2020, Namibia produced 5,413 tons of uranium. Namibia is an important supplier of diamonds. In recent years, the sales market of nano diamonds has expanded, in addition to the United States, but also sold to the Middle East and Japan and other places.

Namibia's minerals are:

(1) Diamonds. Diamonds are Namibia's most important mineral product, ranking sixth in the world in production, and almost all rough or semi-processed diamonds are exported. Between 2016 and 2019, diamond production was 1.57 million carats, 1.8 million carats, 2.028 million carats and 1.713 million carats respectively. According to data from the Central Bank of Namibia, Namibia's diamond production in 2020 was 1.461 million carats, down 14.7% from the previous year, and exports were 7.1 billion NTD, down 24.5%. Namibia De Beers Marine Diamond Company was established in January 2001 and is the largest Marine diamond company in Namibia, 70% owned by De Beers Company and 30% owned by Namibia Diamonds Company. In recent years, Namibia's offshore diamond production has been increasing, even exceeding onshore diamond production.

(2) Uranium. Eight uranium deposits have been discovered throughout Namibia, mainly in the Namib Desert along the Atlantic coast of Erongo Province. Uranium reserves of about 280,000 tons, accounting for 5% of the world's reserves, is Namibia's second most important mineral product. The current production accounts for about 10% of the world's production, ranking first in Africa and fourth in the world. In 2012, uranium production in Namibia increased significantly, reaching 5,514 tons, an increase of 30.4% compared to the same period last year. Since then, affected by the fall in the price of uranium in the international market, uranium production has continued to decline, and production reached a low point in 2015, only 2,947 tons. According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the production of uranium products in Namibia in 2020 was 6,382 tons, down 2.2% year-on-year, but due to the depreciation of the exchange rate and the rise of international uranium prices, export revenue increased by 25%, reaching 11.4 billion NA.

(3) Copper. Namibia's copper reserves are about 2 million tons. Copper production has declined since independence. The 100-year-old Chumaibu copper mine is the largest mine and in 2020, Namibia exported 46,356 tonnes of copper.

(4) Lead. Namibia has about 1 million tons of lead reserves, making it the largest lead producer in Africa. Lead is mainly produced in the Chumaib, Kombat and Roshpina mines.

(5) Zinc. Namibia has approximately 11.8 million tonnes of zinc reserves, making it the third largest zinc producer in Africa. Zinc is mainly produced in the Roshpina region, located 25 kilometers north of Roshpina, the Scorpion zinc mine is the most important zinc mine, for the open pit mine, has proven zinc reserves of 24.8 million tons, the average grade of 10.96%, the annual output of 150,000 tons of high-grade zinc, by the British and American base metals company in Namibia owned by the Scorpion zinc mine company. According to the Central Bank of Namibia, Namibia exported 103,218 tonnes of zinc in 2020.

(6) Gold. Namibia has about 10,000 tonnes of gold reserves, mainly located west of Chumaibu and between Karibibu in the Midwest and the west coast. According to the Central Bank of Namibia, Namibia exported 6,399 kg of gold in 2020.

Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery

Fishing and fish products, another important industry in Namibia besides mining, grew by 6.1% in 2019 and accounted for 2.8% of GDP. The Ministry of Fisheries of Namibia has made a major effort to develop the aquaculture industry, calling for the active participation of new and diverse fish fishing rights holders in the capture, processing and marketing of seafood. In 2014, the Ministry of Fisheries announced that the government would no longer prohibit foreign investors from acquiring fishing rights in Namibia, but would not allow Namibian companies to sell fishing rights to foreign investors. Namibian fishing enterprises are mostly controlled by Spanish companies, with a small number of joint ventures and local companies, mainly in the ports of Walvis Bay and Luderitz, employing about 14,000 people and about 300 fishing vessels. The most harvested species are cod and mackerel. Namibia is the largest supplier of cod to the European Union, and exports to Europe account for about 30% of all fish export earnings. Namibia's average annual Marine catch of 550,000 tons, worth about N7 billion (about US $540 million), ranks third in Africa and 30th in the world. The Namibian Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources decided to allocate fishing quotas according to the performance of each fishery company, with non-performance companies being cancelled or penalized, and a new mechanism for allocation of fishing quotas was introduced in January 2016. In 2020, Namibia's fishery export revenue was N10.118 billion, down 3.8% from the previous year.

Agriculture is one of Namibia's main economic pillars. Animal husbandry income accounts for more than 50% of the total income of agriculture and animal husbandry, mainly raising cattle and sheep. In 2020, the value of annual exports of meat and livestock products was N954 million, down 37.1% year-on-year. Most of the livestock products are exported to South Africa and Europe, and to 22 countries around the world. The purple lamb skin from Namibia is famous around the world under the brand Swakara. Agriculture and animal husbandry in Namibia are greatly affected by the climate. About 15% of Namibia's land is owned by the state, 41% is commune land owned by various tribes, and 44% is private land. There are 26 agricultural regions in China, with an area of 69 million hectares of arable land. Crops are mainly produced in the north, and the Chumebu-Hrutfontein-Ottavi region is the main base of corn production, known as the "Golden Triangle of grain production". The province of Caprivi is a potential food producing area, with the main food crops such as corn, sorghum and wheat. Due to the lack of rainfall in most parts of the country, the small area of good fields, most of the land is poor, agriculture is underdeveloped, crop output is low and unstable, 70% of the country's food is dependent on imports, 91% of the imported food is from South Africa, and 440,000 people are still food insecure, accounting for 18.3% of the country's population. Since 2010, 73,000 tons of grain have been stored, with an estimated value of N328.5 million. Of this, 36,000 tonnes are used for the government's food relief programme, which increases the food supply in case of natural disasters. ^[5]

tourism

Tourism is relatively developed, and the output value accounts for about 10% of the GDP. Beaches, nature reserves and other tourist attractions are concentrated in the northern and southern regions, of which the northern Aytosa Park is famous in the world. In 1997, she became a member of the World Tourism Organization. In recent years, the number of international tourists to Namibia has increased year by year. In 2016, a total of 1.47 million foreign tourists visited Namibia. Namibia has favorable conditions for the development of tourism, mainly featuring colorful landforms, prominent biodiversity, attention to ecological protection and relatively perfect transportation infrastructure. From 2014 to 2019, tourism has developed rapidly, gradually becoming the fourth pillar industry in Namibia. International agency Bloomberg ranked Namibia as one of the 20 most popular travel destinations in the world, and Forbes magazine ranked Namibia as the most affordable travel destination in Africa. In 2019, according to the World Economic Forum's Tourism Competitiveness Index, Namibia was ranked fourth among sub-Saharan countries, behind Mauritius, South Africa and Seychelles. Namibia's tourism industry is expected to create 122,000 direct jobs by 2029, accounting for 15.7% of total employment in the country. Foreign visitors mainly come from SADC member states. The number of Chinese tourists visiting Namibia has increased rapidly.

Prior to COVID-19, tourism was the third largest foreign exchange earner among Namibian industries, after mining and fishing. From 2012 to 2018, tourism grew at an average annual rate of 7.2%. Due to the impact of the epidemic, the contribution rate of tourism to Namibia's GDP dropped to 2% in 2020, generating foreign exchange revenue of N1.9 billion, down 37.3% year-on-year. According to the Central Bank of Namibia's 2020 annual report, the number of jobs created by tourism has dropped by 30%. ^[5]

Finance and finance

Namibia is a member of the Southern African Customs Union and the Rand currency area. Fiscal and financial power is concentrated in the central government, and 90% of fiscal revenue comes from taxes. Revenue from the Southern African Customs Union accounts for 20-30% of annual revenue. 65% of the banks are owned by foreign capital.

Namibian dollar front

The Bank of Namibia is the central bank of Namibia. There are 4 commercial banks in Namibia: FirstNational Bank of Namibia Limited, Standard BankNamibia limited, Nedbank Namibia Limited) and Bank Windhoek Ltd. The first three banks are subsidiaries of South African banks in Namibia. In addition, Namibia has four state-owned specialized banking institutions, an SME bank and a microfinance bank.

On September 30, 1992, the Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) was officially established, and in 2005, the Namibian Stock Exchange was the second largest stock exchange in Africa by market capitalization and the fifth largest stock exchange in Africa by trading volume. The Namibian stock market is developing rapidly, but it is dominated by Dual Listing companies, which are mainly issued on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Primary market (Primary list), and locally listed companies are relatively small. The Namibia Stock Exchange is divided into the Main Board (Main Board) and the Development Capital Board (Growth Enterprise Board). ^[5]

foreign trade

The main exports are mineral products, fishery products, livestock products and primary processing products, of which mineral exports (excluding diamonds) accounted for 36% of exports, and diamonds accounted for 16%. The economy is strongly dependent on imports, and most of the means of production and living need to be imported. Nearly 90% of imports come from South Africa. The main export markets are South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, etc.

According to the Namibia Bureau of Statistics, Namibia's exports in 2020 amounted to N88.7 billion (about 5.46 billion US dollars), down 3.8% year on year; Imports were 108.3 billion NA ($6.66 billion), down 3.5 percent year on year. The trade deficit reached 19.56 billion NAD (about 1.34 billion U.S. dollars), slightly less than in 2019. According to Chinese Customs statistics, the total import and export trade between China and Namibia in 2020 was $781 million, an increase of 10.1% year-on-year. Among them, China exported 223 million US dollars to Namibia, up 12.6 percent year-on-year, and China imported 558 million US dollars from Namibia, up 9.1 percent year-on-year.

Namibia's largest trading partner is South Africa, which accounts for 27.8% of Namibia's total trade. In 2020, Namibia's largest exporter remained China, accounting for 36% of Namibia's total exports, an increase of 10.1 percentage points from the previous year. ^[5]

Foreign capital

Namibia has a free market economy and welcomes foreign investment. According to the World Investment Report 2021 released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Namibia will attract foreign investment flows of -75 million US dollars in 2020. By the end of 2020, Namibia's foreign investment stock stood at $6.07 billion.

According to the Central Bank of Namibia, Namibia's direct foreign investment flows in 2020 will be -82 million US dollars; By the end of 2020, Namibia's foreign investment stock stood at $6.07 billion. According to the central bank of Namibia, The main sources of foreign direct investment in Namibia in 2020 were South Africa (37.8%), China (31.7%), Mauritius (9.5%), the United Kingdom (5.7%), Canada (2.8%), the British Virgin Islands (2.5%), Germany (1.8%), Malaysia (1.5%), Spain (1.3%), and the Netherlands Orchid (1.2%). ^[5]

Foreign aid

From 1990 to 1998, the total amount of foreign aid was about 4.788 billion NA, mainly from Germany (accounting for 30% of foreign aid), Sweden (accounting for 23% of foreign aid), Norway, the United States and so on. The aid is mainly used to create jobs, reduce income inequality and alleviate poverty. In 2010, Namibia received $2 billion in development assistance, mainly for AIDS prevention and control, education, agriculture and infrastructure construction. ^[1]

culture

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EDITOR

aphorism

Unity, liberty, justice

Language

English is the official language, and the most popular local languages are Owambo and Nama, other languages are Afrikaans, German, Portuguese and so on. People usually speak two or three languages. The primary level includes the local language, and the language of instruction at the post-secondary level is English. ^[5]

religion

Namibia (2 photos)

90% of Namibia's population is Christian, with the rest following primitive religions. ^[5]

custom

The customs and habits of Namibia have both the prominent characteristics of African indigenous people and the distinct colors of Europe. Namibians pay attention to politeness and etiquette, and believe that proper appellation is a reflection of knowledge, culture and cultivation.

In social interaction activities, Namibians attach great importance to meeting etiquette, pay attention to the dress of social interaction activities, popular "respect the old and respect the elder", "women first". When invited to the home of a Namibian friend, you should attend the appointment at the agreed time, which is respect for the host. ^[5]

ART

Nano-dance Sketch by Chen Yuxian

The rhythm of Namibian dance is strong, and its movement characteristics mainly emphasize the expressivity of each part of the human body, such as head, neck, shoulders, chest, waist, hip and limbs, the most prominent of which is the swing of the head, the rise and fall of the chest, the flexion and extension of the waist, the swing and rotation of the hip. Frescoes on caves in Bushmen settlements south of the equator show that dancing took place more than 6,000 years ago. There are no strict rules for dance movements, only a more uniform rhythm and rhythm. The costumes were rudimentary and the dancers were mostly naked except for a covering around their waists. With the development of production and civilization, shells, feathers, colored seeds, small beads, various metal products, plant fiber fabrics, and various animal skins were elaborately processed and embellished for dance decoration.

Festivals

National holidays in Namibia include: New Year's Day (1 January), Independence Day (21 March), Good Friday (the Friday before Easter), Easter (the first Monday after the full moon of the vernal equinox, between 21 March and 25 April), International Labour Day (1 May), Kassinga Day (4 May), Africa Day (25 May), Ascension Day (40 days after Easter, Between 1 May and 4 June), Heroes Day (26 August, commemorating the start of the armed struggle in 1966), Human Rights Day (10 December), Christmas Day (25 December), Family Day (26 December). Namibian businesses and shops generally work five days a week and close on Saturday and Sunday. Businesses and shops are generally closed on holidays, but some are now open half a day on Saturdays and Sundays. ^[5]

Military affairs

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EDITOR

After independence, the Namibian government established a unified National defense Force with a total strength of 19,000 troops, including 16,700 soldiers in the army, 1,100 in the Air Force, 1,200 in the Navy, and 14,000 in the police force. ^[1]

traffic

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EDITOR

railway

Namibia has a railway history of more than 100 years, during the German colonial rule of 1894-1915, a number of railways were built, some of which are still in use today. Namibian Railways is exclusively managed by TransNamib, a state-owned company. The total length of Namibian railways is about 2687 km, all of which are narrow gauge railways with a gauge of 1067mm. Among them, 48% of the railways meet the SDAC railway 18.5 tons of axle load standard, and the rest of the axle load is 16.5 ~ 17.5 tons, and the speed is basically 60 km/h.

Namibia's existing railways are in poor condition, most of which have fallen into disrepair, mainly for bulk cargo transport such as agricultural products, minerals and building materials, while the rest are container transport, sightseeing routes and long-distance passenger routes from the capital to other towns. ^[5]

highroad

The northern highway built by Henan International Company

According to the latest data from the Highways Authority of Namibia, the total length of Namibia's roads is about 48,875.27 kilometers, of which 7892.7 kilometers of B-grade asphalt roads, 26,046.5 kilometers of sand roads, 13,315.6 kilometers of dirt roads, and 299.9 kilometers of salt and mud roads, most of which are in good condition. The average annual passenger transport is 50,000 passengers and 180,000 tons of cargo.

According to the World Economic Forum's 2020 Competitiveness Report, the quality of Namibia's road infrastructure is among the best in the world, ranking 23rd globally and first in Africa. ^[5]

Water transport

The coastline of Namibia is 1600 km long, and there are two ports, Walvis (also known as Whale Bay Port) and Luderitz.

The port of Whale Bay is the fifth largest port in Southern Africa and is operated by Namport, which functions as a port authority. Whale Bay Port has 11 berths with a length of 500 meters and a maximum draft of 10 to 12.8 meters. There are terminals for bulk cargo, containers, oil tankers and fishing boats, complete handling and storage facilities, with an annual throughput of 5.3 million tons of bulk and general cargo and a container volume of about 250,000 TEU. Up to 8 million tons of cargo can be transported annually, with an average handling efficiency of 8,000 tons per day. Upon completion of the container terminal, the capacity will be doubled to handle 750,000 standard containers per year. In the 2020/2021 financial year (April 1, 2020 - March 31, 2021), the cargo throughput of the Port of Whale Bay and Luderitz increased by 11%, with a net increase of 633,000 tonnes. Among them, standard container throughput increased by 5%, an increase of 7,338 TEU.

There is no inland transport in Namibia. ^[5]

Air freight

There are airports in all major cities in Namibia, with 27 registered airports and 360 small airstrips. There are two international airports in the country: Hosea Kutako International Airport in the capital and Walvis Bay Airport in the port city of Walvis Bay. Hosea Kutako International Airport is capable of landing all large passenger and cargo aircraft. ^[5]

society

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EDITOR

electricity

Namibia's electricity supply system, part of the Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP), currently consumes 600MW of electricity per year, about half of which is imported from South Africa. The Luakana Falls power Station in the north has an installed capacity of 347MW and can generate electricity for half of the year; The capital standby coal power plant, with an installed capacity of 90MW, was built in 1968; Whale Bay has a heavy oil generator set with an installed capacity of 22.5MW, which is being expanded to 150MW. The remaining insufficient part is imported from South Africa and Zimbabwe, and 220MW transmission lines are built. The country has 11,709 km of transmission lines and 149 substations. In 2020, the total installed capacity will be 760MW, and the total electricity imported to the grid will be 4702GWh, of which the local power generation will be about 2000GWh. ^[5]

education

After independence, Namibia established a universal education system and made primary education free and compulsory in 2012. There are 1,500 primary and secondary schools and special schools in the country. The main institutions of higher learning are the University of Namibia and the Namibian University of Science and Technology, as well as more than a dozen secondary technical schools and normal schools. The University of Namibia is the country's only comprehensive university, established in 1993, with more than 4,000 students. In recent years, Namibia's education investment has continued to increase, according to Namibia's 2021/22 budget report, basic education was approved 13.8 billion yuan, higher education was approved 3.1 billion yuan, accounting for 23.2% and 5.3% of the total budget, respectively, the total was slightly reduced compared with the previous year, the proportion increased. At present, the enrollment rate of primary education is 93.6 percent, the enrollment rate of high school is 49.5 percent, and the penetration rate of higher education is 24 percent.

Namibia's national literacy rate has risen from less than 75% at independence to 90% today. Namibia has also signed joint research and science and technology cooperation documents with South Africa, Germany and China, but the development of education still faces challenges such as high dropout and failure rates, a serious shortage of classrooms and unsatisfactory teaching quality. ^[5]

medium

There are 192 news agencies and organizations throughout Namibia.

There are more than 10 kinds of newspapers and periodicals. The five dailies are TheNamibian, The New Era, TheNamibian Sun, The Republikein (Afrikaans) and Wen Wei Bao (German). Others include weekly newspapers such as The Namibian Economist, The Southern Times, Namibia Today and the Windhoek Observer. There are also magazines such as Insight Namibia and Big Issue Namibia.

The Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) is a national broadcaster founded in 1990 and funded 64% by government grants. Namibia has 10 radio channels broadcasting in 13 languages, including English, German and Afrikaans, as well as a number of regional languages, reaching an audience of 90% of the population. There is one television channel, mainly in English, with an audience of 45% of the country's population. In July 1998, NBC began to cooperate with Chinese television programs. There is also a private television station (One Africa TV) and several private radio stations.

Namibia Press Agency (Nampa) operates on a government grant and is a semi-official news agency based in Windhoek that shares information with various news agencies around the world. South Africa has a television station in Namibia. ^[5]

Medical treatment

At the beginning of independence, the government reformed the colonial Health and social services and established Primary Health Care. There are 34 hospitals, 267 clinics and 44 health centres; There are 6,435 beds, or 3.6 per 1,000 people. There are also many private clinics. The Namibian government attaches great importance to improving the medical and health conditions of the people. According to the 20201/22 budget report, the medical and health expenditure accounts for about 13.6% of the total financial budget, but according to the rough estimate of the Regulatory Authority of Financial Institutions of Namibia, the medical insurance currently covers about 410,000 people. It accounts for only 17% of the country's population (the rest of the population suffers from a shortage of key drugs, health workers, and medical equipment in the public health system).

The Himba people of Namibia

After years of efforts, Namibia's HIV infection rate has stabilized. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV dropped from 20 percent in 2005 to 4 percent in 2013, and new cases dropped by 50 percent. At the same time, 85% treatment coverage was achieved. But there are still a few malaria cases in the north. The Ministry of Health of Namibia has confirmed an outbreak of hepatitis E in Khomas and Erongo provinces of Namibia from February 10 to April 5, 2020, with a total of 182 cases of hepatitis E. According to the Namibian "New Times" reported that 200 pigs in Naomshati Province were confirmed to be infected with African swine fever in 2020, and 61 pigs died. In addition, due to increased rainfall in 2020, there was a surge in malaria cases in the Kavango region of Namibia. On July 2, 2020, Namibia's New Times newspaper reported 7,000 malaria cases in Kavango region, compared to 1,582 in the same period in 2019. According to the news released by the Namibian Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Land Reform, the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic was detected in Kasenu village, Kasiku District, Nazzambezi Province, on June 3, 2021, and the area within a 30-kilometer radius of the village has been designated as a control area, banning all cloven-toed ungulate animals from leaving or passing through the control area, and starting to implement active monitoring and livestock vaccination measures.

According to the cooperation agreement between the two governments, China has sent medical teams to Namibia. The Namibian medical team mainly engaged in acupuncture and massage at the National Ka Tutura Hospital in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, to promote traditional Chinese medicine culture. Since 1996, medical teams have been sent to Namibia for a two-year term, and in 2018, they have been sent for an 18-month term. The medical team consists of 4 members, including 2 doctors and 2 nurses. They are selected by Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission from the third grade A TCM hospital. The doctors are from the departments of acupuncture and massage, and the nurses have no special professional requirements. The 13th medical team for Namibia has been operating in Namibia since January 2020. ^[5]

Physical education

Since 1992, Namibia has sent athletes to participate in the Olympic Games and won 2 silver MEDALS that year. He won two more silver MEDALS in 1996. In 2004 and 2008, there was no medal revenue. Track and field at the London Olympics will be a good competition for them.

diplomacy

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EDITOR

Foreign policy

To date, the Najib government has established diplomatic relations with 150 countries. It pursues a foreign policy of non-alignment and good-neighborliness, emphasizes that diplomacy serves economic development, supports the strengthening of cooperation among African countries, and stands for the establishment of a new international political and economic order, the strengthening of South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue. Pay attention to neighborhood diplomacy. We will strengthen economic and trade ties with neighboring countries and Asian countries. ^[1]

Attitude towards international events

Oppose hegemonism and Power politics , refers to as colonialism The new form advocates the establishment of just and reasonable International politics The new economic order.

Believing that globalization must benefit all and should not lead only to selective prosperity and should not further impoverish or marginalize third countries, which would endanger world peace and stability. Yet in existence International order Next, developing countries are unable to compete with Western developed countries due to their backward economy Globalization process In a position of pillage. Developing countries should strengthen cooperation to survive in economic globalization. The United Nations should help developing countries maximize the benefits of globalization and promote the sharing of economic growth and prosperity.

Advocating unity and cooperation among African countries, Africans must take control of their own affairs Fate African problems should first and foremost be solved by Africans themselves.

We support the OAU's position on the reform of the United Nations, and believe that the United Nations should play a greater role in maintaining world peace, promoting development, resolving regional conflicts and other issues The Security Council There should be two Permanent member On behalf. Advocates the gradual limitation and eventual elimination of the veto.

Think" 9/11 The impact is huge, but how to eradicate the root causes of terrorism is worth thinking about. It is argued that only the leaders of all countries in the world work together to build a fair society in order to eradicate poverty, ignorance, disease and hunger can the fundamental solution to the problem of counter-terrorism be solved.

Believes that the final decision on the settlement of the question of Iraq rests with the United Nations and not with a few States or groups of States. It is undesirable to adopt unilateralism on such issues, and all countries, strong or weak, should follow the norms of multilateralism.

External relations

Relations with China

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Namibia established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1990. In March 2018, the two countries established a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership.

Geingob said that China has provided valuable support and assistance to Namibia for a long time and is an old friend and good friend of Namibia. Namibia is making efforts to speed up national construction and hopes to deepen friendly cooperative relations with China. Namibia is willing to create favorable conditions for Chinese enterprises to invest.

中纳建交以来，中国完成了打井、经济住房、儿童活动中心、农村小学、青年培训中心、灌溉工程、水产养殖中心、毛泽东中学等援助项目。

In 1994, the two countries signed a trade agreement. In 2004, the two countries established the Joint Economic and Trade Commission mechanism, which held its second meeting in April 2007 and the third meeting in March 2018.

In 2023, the bilateral trade volume was US $1.31 billion, up 16.5% year on year, of which China's exports were US $560 million, up 5.9% year on year, and imports were US $750 million, up 25.9% year on year. China mainly exports mechanical and electrical products, textiles, furniture, etc., and imports natural uranium and mineral products (lead, manganese, copper ore).

The two governments have signed agreements on cooperation in culture and education. China has sent a number of professors and lecturers to Namibia to teach. From 1994 to the end of 2017, I received a total of 262 Namibian students on scholarship. Currently, nearly 500 Namibian students are studying in China. China has sent a total of 60 medical teams to Namibia in 15 batches. There are four Chinese medical experts in Namibia. In December 2005, China announced Namibia as an outbound tourist destination for Chinese citizens. China and Namibia have also signed extradition treaties and mutual legal assistance treaties. So far, there are 13 pairs of sister provinces (municipalities) between the two countries. In June 2018, the national U23 men's football teams of China and Namibia played a friendly match at the 2018 Chinese Football Association China International Football Match held in Chongqing. In August 2019, a delegation of Chinese astronauts visited Namibia. ^[9]

China has several large infrastructure development projects and resource extraction projects in Namibia Swakopmund There is also a satellite tracking station near Swakopmund. The article also mentioned that China decided at important meetings to strengthen its national defense forces in order to meet China's security and development interests and conform to its existing international status. A spokesperson for Namibia's Ministry of Defence, Lieutenant Colonel Monica Sheya, confirmed that she had seen the reports and "believes the matter is being discussed at a higher level and once a decision is made, the Ministry will inform the nation; That's all I can say."

On March 18, 2020, Chinese Ambassador to Namibia Zhang Yiming donated 1,000 sets of COVID-19 test kits to the Namibian Ministry of Health. ^[2]

Relations with African countries

We attach great importance to developing relations with African countries, especially neighbouring countries of the Southern African Development Community. We advocate that SADC countries establish common mechanisms to promote trade, investment and regional economic development, and support the work of SADC political, defense and security institutions. Support the African Union in leading African affairs. From August 2018 to August 2019, Na served as the rotating Chair of the Southern African Development Community. In September 2022, President Geingob went to Angola to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Lorenzo. In August 2023, President Geingob attended the 43rd Summit of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in Angola. In March 2024, President Mbemba visited Angola and Botswana. ^[1] ^[8]

With western, Northern European countries

It has close economic and trade ties with Western and Northern European countries, and Germany, Sweden, Norway and France are the main aid donors. After independence, Namibia joined the Lome Agreement and signed a number of economic, trade, cultural and technical cooperation agreements with Western and Northern European countries. The main areas of EU assistance to Namibia include education, rural development, capacity and infrastructure building, governance and NGO activities, with the aim of helping Namibia promote poverty reduction and sustainable growth. The country has a special relationship with Germany, with nearly 40,000 white Germans and 30 schools teaching German. The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) was reached with the European Union in 2014. In 2021, a reconciliation agreement was reached with Germany over the genocide. In November 2022, during the United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Egypt, President Geingob and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen signed the NaEU-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement. In October 2023, President Geingob went to Brussels to attend the first EU "Global Gateway" Forum and the first Namibia-EU Important Raw Materials and Green Hydrogen Business Forum, and held talks with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. ^[1] ^[8]

Relations with the United States

The United States is one of Namibia's major donors, providing $10 million to $15 million annually in bilateral and regional development funds. American firms account for more than a third of foreign firms in Namibia. The Peace Corps Youth Volunteer Program has been in operation since Namibia's independence and currently has about 100 young volunteers serving in government agencies, small and medium enterprises, clinics, schools and community organizations. In 2001, Namibia received the status of a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). In 2006, the United States was accepted as a beneficiary of the Millennium Challenge Account. In June 2019, President Geingob traveled to Mozambique to attend the U.S.-Africa Business Summit. In July 2023, Vice President Mbemba traveled to Botswana to attend the U.S.-Africa Business Summit. ^[1] ^[8]

Relations with other countries in Asia

In recent years, Namibia has actively pursued the "look East" policy and strengthened cooperation with Asian countries. While attaching great importance to relations with China, China has actively strengthened cooperation with Japan, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and other countries in natural gas development, civil service training, distance education, agriculture, Marine fisheries, port construction, human resources, tourism and other fields to expand economic and trade exchanges. In August 2019, President Geingob traveled to Japan to attend the Yokohama Summit of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD). ^[1]

Relations with Russia

In October 2019, President Geingob attended the first Russia-Africa Summit in Russia. In July 2023, Vice President Mbemba and Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ndeitwa attended the second Russia-Africa Summit in Russia. ^[1] ^[8]

travel

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EDITOR

Bird's eye view of the capital Windhoek

capital Windhoek At an altitude of 1,680 m, it is located in the center of Namibia and has a population of 310,000, one quarter of whom are of European descent (1992 census). The city has administrative buildings, the National Museum, secondary schools and the African Augustinian High School. The towns of Katura and Komasdar near Windhoek are heavily populated by Africans.

From Windhoek city, you can reach the Idoxia National Park in the north. Established in 1907, the park covers an area of 22,270 square kilometers and has a wide variety of animals. There is also the Idoxia salt pond in the garden. The characteristic large depression is in the northern industrial area of the city.

Port town Walvis Bay Also translated Walvis Bay It used to be South African enclave Located on the west coast of Namibia, it is an important port and Tourist city . It has a busy cargo port, beautiful seaside scenery and wild seafood. Visitors can see the huge salt flats, fire birds filled with the weir lake, can also take a cruise on a yacht, play with dolphins, visit the unforgettable Seal Island, or ride a glider or ATV to enjoy the desert scenery, experience the magic of nature.

Etosha Safari Park

Traditional dances of Namibia

Etosha Park Located in northern Namibia, with an area of about 23,000 square kilometers, is Sub-saharan Africa The largest and most famous safari park. As early as 1907, the then governor General of Germany declared the park to be an animal sanctuary, since then the park area has been constantly changing, in 1956 to nearly 100,000 square kilometers, once became the world's largest wildlife park. After independence, Namibia attached great importance to the protection of the environment and natural resources, and wrote the sustainable use of wild resources into the constitution. About 15.5 percent of the country's land is listed as a national park or nature reserve, so that various rare and endangered animals can be protected. In 1999, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism established the "Wildlife Entertainment Company Limited", and all national parks and nature reserves were managed as enterprises to better develop, use and protect wild resources. As one of the most famous tourist attractions of Etosha Park, the government has been paying the park to implement professional management, take various measures to protect the animals and environment in the park, and strictly control the number and scale of hotels in the park, so that the park still maintains the original style. The Namibian government has declared the park a World Natural and Cultural Heritage site. ^[3]

Bhopa Falls View

English name: Popa Falls, due to the Kavango River in the river Botswana and The Okavango Delta On the way through the Bhopa Falls, the flow rate is very fast, the water washed away the ground is the bottom of the collapse and the formation of only 2-4 meters high, but the width of 1.2 kilometers long Bhopa Falls. Bhopa Falls gets its name. However, the name Bopa Falls is inaccurate, as it is just a series of rapids along the Okavando River, the third longest river in southern Africa. It's not a waterfall. But the scenery in and around Bhopa Falls is beautiful.

Bhopa Falls is also part of the mahango National Zoo, so you can see many birds here, such as parrots, swifts, hornbill Black tit, short-toed thrush, owl, etc. You can also see all kinds of things here Wetland plant Among them, amphibians and reptiles mainly include frogs, turtles, lizards, geckos and snakes.

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