Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
The Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial), also known as Equatorial Guinea, is located in west-central Africa
Atlantic
, our Northern neighbor
Cameroon
, East, south and
Gabon
Border on. By the mainland
Muni
Area sum
Gulf of Guinea
Within the island of Bioko, Anoben, Corisco and other composition, land area of 28,051 square kilometers, the country is divided into 7 provinces, 18 districts and 30 municipalities,
population
1.7 million (2023).
[22]
The main ethnic groups are distributed on the mainland
Aromatic family
(about 75% of the population) and lives in
The island of Bioko
Of the Bubi ethnic group (about 15% of the population).
From 1471 to 1778, Portugal occupied Annoben, Bioko, Corisco and other islands. In 1778, Portugal included the three islands in the Ogowe River (in present-day Gabon) to the Niger River coastal area of the Spanish sphere of influence. In 1845, Spain established colonial rule in Equatorial Guinea. In January 1964, Equatorial Guinea implemented "internal autonomy". On 12 October 1968, the Republic of Equatorial Guinea was declared independent. On 1 January 2018, Equatorial Guinea officially became a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. He will serve until December 31, 2019.
[1]
Equatorial Guinea is yes
The United Nations
,
African Union
,
Economic Community of Central African States
, Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States,
Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries
Other members of international organizations, economies to
Planting industry
Main, main
exit
The product is cocoa, followed by coffee.
In 2022, Equatorial Guinea
Gross domestic product
$13.8 billion,
Gross domestic product per capita
About $9,200, GDP growth of 3.6 percent.
[2]
18 [19]
- Chinese name
- Republic of Equatorial Guinea [2]
- Foreign name
-
The Republic of Equatorial Guinea
[2]
(English)
República de Guinea Ecuatorial (in Spanish) - Abbreviated form
- Equatorial Guinea, Equatorial Guinea
- continent
- Africa
- capital
- Malabo [2]
- Major city
- Bata
- National Day
- October 12, 1968
- National song
- "We Walk the Path"
- Country code
- GNQ
- Official language
- Spanish , French , Portuguese [2]
- currency
- Central African Financial Cooperation Franc [2] (FCFA)
- Time zone
- UTC+1
- Political system
- Presidential republic
- National leader
- Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo [2] (President)
- Population number
- 1.7 million [22] (2023)
- Population density
- 50.0 people/km2 [11]
- Major nationality
- Fang, Bubi
- Major religion
- Catholicism , Islam
- Land area
- 28051 km² [2]
- Total GDP
- $11.6 billion [19] (2023)
- Per capita GDP
- That's about $6,823 [22] (2023)
- International telephone area code
- 240
- International domain name abbreviation
- .gq
- Road access
- Drive on the right
- National motto
- "Unity, peace, justice"
- Largest city
- Bata
- Central bank
- Bank of Central African States
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- 3Natural resources
- 4Administrative division
- ▪regionalization
- ▪Important city
- 5National symbol
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- 6Population nationality
- ▪population
- ▪nation
- 7political
- ▪regime
- ▪constitution
- ▪congress
- ▪judiciary
- ▪Political party
- ▪government
- ▪dignitaries
- 8economy
- ▪summarize
- ▪Industrial and mining industry
- ▪Agriculture and fishery
- ▪Telecommunication industry
At the end of the 15th century, Portuguese colonialists invaded
Gulf of Guinea
Coastal areas and
Bioko
Corisco, Anoben and other islands. The island of Bioko was occupied by Spain in 1778 and in 1843
Muni
Colonial rule was established in 1845. It was classified in 1959
Spain
The two overseas provinces. In December 1963, the Spanish authorities held a referendum in Equatorial Guinea to adopt the "internal autonomy" law. In January 1964, "internal autonomy" was granted. Independence was declared on 12 October 1968 as the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, with Macie Nguema as President. In August 1979, Obiang, deputy minister of the National Revolutionary People's Armed Forces, launched a military coup and established the Supreme Military Council headed by him. Obiang became president in August 1982 and dissolved the Military Council in October of the same year. In 1988, grass-roots elections and general elections were held nationwide. National elections were held on 25 June 1989, and Obiang was re-elected as president. He was re-elected President in February 1996. On June 2, 2017,
United Nations General Assembly
Election of Equatorial Guinea as a non-permanent member of the Security Council for 2018 and 2019.
[3]
Chiji is located at 2.21°-0.55° North latitude, 9.20°-11.25° East longitude. The total land area is 28,051.46 square kilometers, which is composed of two parts: mainland and island. The mainland area is 26,017.46 square kilometers, the island area is 2034 square kilometers, mainly Bioko and Anoben two large islands. Others include the islands of Crisco, Great Elobe and Little Elobe. The mainland part, called the Muni River Region, is bordered by Cameroon to the north, Gabon to the east and south, with a total border length of 539 km and maritime borders with SAO Tome and Principe and Nigeria.
[13]
The coastline of Equatorial Guinea is 482 km long. The coast is a narrow plain with a straight shoreline and few harbours. Inland is a plateau, generally 500-1000 meters above sea level. The Central Mountains divide the Muni River region to the north
The Benito River
And the southern Utamboni River basin. All the islands
Volcanic island
An extension of the Cameroon Volcano in the Gulf of Guinea. Bioko Island has many extinct volcanoes, and the central Stibel peak is 3,007 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the country. Each island is formed by volcanoes, rugged terrain, the highest point 3,007 meters; Part of the mainland has a 15-25 km wide coastal plain, and the inland is a plateau mountain with an altitude of 600-900 meters.
[4]
Equatorial Guinea
The equatorial climate is rainy
It is humid, rainy and cloudy, with an average annual temperature of 24-26℃. The average annual rainfall in the coastal areas of the mainland is 2112.6 mm, the average annual rainfall days are 152 days, the maximum daily rainfall is 144 mm, and the hourly rainstorm intensity is 23.5 mm. The annual temperature varies between 15 and 32 degrees Celsius; The average annual relative humidity is 88.8%. The annual average sunshine is 5 hours, the average sunshine in January and February is the longest, more than 6 hours; September and October have the shortest average sunshine, less than 4 hours.
Annual rainfall in Malabo is about 3100 mm; The annual temperature varies between 15 and 34 degrees Celsius, with an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius; The average annual relative humidity is 85%, with a low of about 80% in March.
The whole year is divided into two rainy seasons and two dry seasons, March-May and September-November are rainy seasons, December-February and June-August are dry seasons; Bioko Island has only one rainy season and one dry season, from May to October, and from November to April.
[5]
Equatorial Guinea has oil, natural gas, phosphate, gold, bauxite, zinc, diamonds and other resources, proven crude oil and natural gas reserves of 1.1 billion barrels and 36.8 billion cubic meters, respectively. In 2020, the daily output of oil is about 109,200 barrels, and the daily output of liquefied natural gas is about 16,700 cubic meters, mainly by US and British companies. It is rich in forest and fishery resources, with a forest area of 1.626 million hectares, a forest coverage rate of 58%, and an exclusive maritime economic zone of 312,000 square kilometers. It is rich in tuna, African yellow fish and prawns, with an annual fishing capacity of 70,000 to 100,000 tons.
[13]
Equatorial Guinea is divided into 7 provinces, 18 districts and 30 municipalities.
The names of the seven provinces are Litoral, Centro-Sur, Kie-Ntem, Wele-Nzas, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur and Annobon.
[6]
Important cities have capitals
Malabo
,
Luba
,
SAN Antonio
,
Bata
,
Evernayon
,
Ebebiin
,
Mongomo
Etc.
[7]
.
The capital Malabo, with a population of about 210,000, is located in the north of the island of Bioko, south by the Basile Peak and north by the Gulf of Guinea. Founded in 1827, the city was named Clarence by the British. After the Spanish occupation, the city was named Santa Isabel after Queen Isabel II of Spain. After Equatorial Guinea became independent in October 1968, it was designated as the capital and renamed Malabo. The new city of SIPOPO, which opened in June 2011 as the venue for the 17th and 23rd summits of the African Union, has become a new international conference and tourist destination in Equatorial Guinea.
[8]
Second capital
Bata
It is the largest commercial port and economic center of Equatorial Guinea, located on the west coast of Equatorial Guinea. Once a slave trading center, Bata was a 200-strong military outpost at the beginning of the 20th century, and later mainly engaged in forestry development. Bata's urban landscape retains traces of the political and social evolution of the Spanish colonial period. Freedom Square (formerly known as Bell Tower Square) is the center of large gatherings and parades, surrounded by old colonial buildings. In the middle of the square stands the monument of the fallen soldiers who overthrew the Macie regime, and behind it is the big market of Bata Central.
[8]
Flag of Equatorial Guinea
It is a rectangle, the ratio of length to width is 3:2. On one side of the flagpole is a blue isosceles triangle, on the right side are three parallel broad bars, from top to bottom are green, white and red, and there is a national emblem pattern in the center of the flag. Green symbolizes wealth, white symbolizes peace, red symbolizes the spirit of the struggle for independence, and blue symbolizes the sea.
Flag of Equatorial Guinea
Flag of Equatorial Guinea
Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea
A square coat of arms. On its white shield is a tall, stout kapok, a tropical tree that grows in wetlands. The upper end of the shield has six six-pointed yellow stars, symbolizing the six original regions of the country, and the lower end of the sash reads in Spanish "Unity, peace, Justice".
Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea
Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea
We followed the path (Caminemos Pisando las Sendas)
[2]
)
The total population of Equatorial Guinea is about 1.4 million (2021), with the island and mainland accounting for 27.8% and 72.2% of the total population, and the urban and rural areas accounting for 76.1% and 23.9% of the total population, respectively. The most populous cities are Bata (310,000), Malabo (210,000), Ebibein (94,000), and Mongomo (88,000).
[13]
With the exception of a few Bighamis, most are descendants of Bantu immigrants. The main ethnic groups are the mainland Fang (about 75% of the population) and Bioko Island Bubi (about 15% of the population), the main national languages are Fang and Bubi. There are also the Kom, Benha and Bubeha.
[13]
The government of Equatorial Guinea is
Presidential republic
.
Since taking office, Obiang has been actively committed to maintaining stability and developing the economy. His Democratic Party won an overwhelming majority of seats in the 1993, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2015, and 2022 elections. In recent years, Obiang has continued to pursue a policy of national reconciliation and political pluralism, reshuffling his cabinet, cracking down on corruption, and cleaning up official bureaucracy in order to improve the efficiency of public administration. We will speed up infrastructure construction and increase investment in agriculture, education and medical care. In November 2011, Equatorial Guinea held a referendum and passed a constitutional reform plan that limited the presidential term, established the post of vice president and the Senate. In February 2012, Obiang signed a decree to enact a new constitution. Parliamentary and municipal elections were held in May 2013, which were overwhelmingly won by a coalition led by the ruling Democratic Party. In November 2014, the fifth National Political Dialogue Conference was held. In April 2015, Obiang announced the dissolution and reorganization of the government to streamline its institutions. In May, the outcome of the Fifth National Political Dialogue Conference was implemented, and laws such as the Law on Political Parties, the Law on Presidential Elections, the Law on Referendums, Municipal and Bicameral Elections, the Law on Freedom of Procession and Assembly, and the Law on the financing of Political Parties were amended. A presidential election was held in April 2016, which Obiang won with 93.7% of the vote, and he was sworn in for a seven-year term on May 20. In November 2017, parliamentary and municipal elections were held, which were won by a campaign coalition led by the ruling Democratic Party. In January 2018, the Government announced that a border crossing by foreign mercenaries had been foiled in December 2017. In July, the sixth National Political Dialogue Conference was held. In October, the 50th anniversary of independence was celebrated. In August 2020, Obiang ordered a reshuffle of the government. In November 2022, early presidential, parliamentary and municipal "three-in-one" elections were held, and the election coalition led by the ruling Democratic Party won the election by an absolute majority, and Obiang was re-elected as president.
[22]
Adopted in June 1982, amended in November 1991, and amended again in November 2011. The Constitution stipulates that Equatorial Guinea implements the republic system and is an independent, democratic and unified country. Separation of legislative, judicial and executive powers. The President shall be the Head of State and Head of Government, embody national unity and represent the State, and shall be directly elected by the people for a term of seven years, with a maximum of one consecutive term.
Formerly known as the House of People's Representatives, it is the country's highest legislative body. In November 2011, a new constitution divided parliament into a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Senate has 70 members, 55 directly elected and 15 appointed by the President for five-year terms; The House of Representatives has 100 members who are directly elected for five-year terms. In the November 2022 elections to elect new members of both houses of Congress, a Democratic-led coalition won 100 House seats, 55 Senate seats, and all city council seats. The Speaker of the Senate is Maria Teresa Efua Asangono, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives is Gaudencio Muhaba Mesu.
It consists of the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor General's Office, the Court of Appeal, the Court of First Instance, the Municipal Court, and the Supreme Military Court. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ in the country, with four divisions: civil, criminal, administrative and customary law. The General Prosecutor's Office is an advisory body to the State legal supervision authority and the Council of State. Supreme Court President David Nguema Obiang Eyang. Attorney General Nyo Ncha Nguema Mange.
[13-14]
Equatorial Guinea now has 17 legal political parties. The main ones are:
(1)
Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
(Partido Democratico De Guinea Ecuatorial) : The ruling party, founded in 1986. The Chairman is the current President
Obiang
General Secretary
Jeronimo Osa Osa Ekoro
(Jeronimo Osa Osa Ecoro).
(2) Convergencia Social Democratica Popular: Founded in 1992, it advocates liberal democracy. The current general secretary is
Santiago Ondo Ntugu Angsomo
(Santiago Ondo Ntugu Anguesomo).
(3)
Democratic social alliance
(Union Democratica Social) : Founded in 1991 in Gabon. The current chairman is
Miguel Mba Nzang Mikui
(Miguel Mba Nzang Mikue).
There are also the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal), the Convencion Liberal Democratica, and the Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea (Partido Socialista De Guinea) Ecuatorial, Accion Popular De Guinea Ecuatorial, Convergencia Para La Democracia Social and Partido Social Democrata, etc.
[13-14]
The current government was formed in February 2023 and consists, in addition to the President, of Vice President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, Prime Minister Manuela Roca Botey, Vice President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, Vice President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, and Vice President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue. Clemente Engonga Nguema Onguene, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education, University Teaching and Sports; Angel Masie Mibuy, Second Deputy Prime Minister (Legal Affairs and Parliamentary Relations); Alfonso Nsue Mokuy, Third Deputy Prime Minister; Alejandro Evuna Owono Asangono, Minister of State for Mission in the Presidential Office; Lucas Abaga Nchama, Minister of Regional Integration Affairs, Prime Minister's Office; Nicolas Obama Nchama, Minister of State for Security; Faustino Ndong Esono Eyang, Minister of State for the Interior and Local Institutions; Damaso Mitoha Ondo 'o Ayecaba, Minister of Health and Social Welfare; President Juan Antonio Bibang Nchuchuma, Minister of External Security Affairs; Simeon Oyono Esono Angue, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Overseas Chinese Affairs; Sergio Esono Abeso Tomo, Minister of Justice, Religious and Correctional Institutions; Victoriano Bibang Nsue Okomo, Minister of Defense; Fortunato Ofa Mbo Nchama, Minister of Finance and Budget; Gabriel Mbega Obiang Lima, Minister of Economic Planning and Diversity; Clemente Ferreiro Villarino, Minister of Public Works, Housing and Urban Planning; Alfredo Mitogo Mitogo Ada, Minister of Labour, Employment Promotion and Social Security; Juan Jose Ndong Tomo, Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development; Diosdado Obiang Mbomio Nfono, Minister of Forests and Environment; Francisco Medina Catalan, Minister of Fisheries and Water Resources; Antonio Oburo Ondo, Minister of Mines and Petrochemicals; Benjamin Bakale Nkara, Minister of Trade, Industry and Enterprise Promotion; Gervasio Engonga Mba, Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy; Pamela Nse Eworo, Minister of Information, Media and Broadcasting; Maria Consuelo Nguema Oyana, Minister of Social Affairs and Gender Equality; Honorato Evita Oma, Minister of Transport, Post and New Information and Communication Technologies; Eucario Bacale Anfue, Minister of Public Functions and Administrative Reform; Norberto Bartolome Mensuy Mane Andeme, Minister of Civil Aviation; Rufino Ndong Esono Nchama, Minister of Culture, Tourism and Handicraft Promotion; Patricio Bakale Mba, Minister of Youth and Sports.
President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mange
Vice President and Vice Chairman of the Democratic Party. Born in 1969, the eldest son of President Obiang. He began his career in the army and then became involved in business. He began his political career in the late 1990s. He has served as adviser to the President on forest affairs, Minister of Forests, Fisheries and Environment, Minister of Infrastructure and Forest, and Minister of Agriculture and Forest. In 2012, he became the second Vice President in charge of national defense and security. He was appointed Vice President in June 2016. In January 2023, President Obiang reappointed him as Vice President.
[2]
[15 to 16]
The economy suffered for a long time after independence. The economic restructuring plan was launched in 1987. After the development of oil in 1991, the economy turned around. From 1997 to 2004, the average annual economic growth rate reached 31.9%. In 2012, the per capita GDP exceeded 20,000 US dollars, making it one of the fastest growing African countries. In 2007, the second National Economic Conference was held, and the national Economic and social development vision plan for 2008-2020 was formulated. While strengthening the development of the oil and gas industry, infrastructure construction such as transportation, communications, power and health was fully launched to promote diversified economic development. In February 2014, Equatorial Guinea held the first Economic diversification Conference, which officially launched the process of economic diversification, focusing on the development of five strategic industries, including agriculture and animal husbandry, fishery, petrochemical and mining, tourism, and financial services. In July, the government established the 2020 Holding Company and co-Investment Fund, which aims to effectively utilize oil and gas revenues and provide financial support for economic diversification. In May 2021, the Equatorial Guinean government issued a decree announcing the implementation of the "Equatorial Guinean Agenda 2035" national sustainable development strategy in the "Vision Plan 2035". In recent years, due to the decline in international crude oil prices, the decline in oil production, and the severe impact of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the economy has continued to negative growth, foreign exchange reserves have been significantly reduced, and financial difficulties.
The main economic data of Equatorial Guinea in 2023 are as follows:
Gross Domestic Product: $11.6 billion.
GDP per capita: about $6,823.
GDP growth rate: -6.5%.
Currency name: Central African Financial Cooperation Franc, referred to as "Central African franc".
Exchange rate: 1 USD ≈605.7 CFA francs.
Inflation rate: 2.5%.
(Source: London Quarterly Economic Review third Quarter 2023 Forecast)
[22]
African franc
African franc
Oil is a pillar industry, with oil revenue accounting for 79% of total fiscal revenue, with an average daily output of 109,200 barrels in 2020. It is mainly controlled by four American companies, Exxon-Mobile, Hess, Noble Energy and Marathon, and the British Trident Energy.
[13]
Corn is a common meal in Equatorial Guinea
With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, the proportion of agriculture in the economy of Equatorial Guinea has decreased year by year, but it is still one of the main means of livelihood of the people. The country has 850,000 hectares of arable land, of which 770,000 hectares are in the mainland region and 80,000 hectares are in the island region. About 70 percent of the working population is engaged in agriculture, but they cannot produce enough food for themselves. The main crops are cassava, banana, corn and peanuts, but there is no large-scale production, family cultivation, small area, original production method, low yield, most of them are used for self-sufficiency, a small amount of sales. The local soil climate is suitable for planting bananas, cassava and other tropical crops, and there is no large-scale planting of high-yield cash crops such as rice, wheat, corn and cotton. Cocoa and coffee used to be the traditional export products of Equatorial Guinea, mainly produced in Bioko island. Due to insufficient funds, poor management, and the sharp drop in international market prices in recent years, many plantations have been abandoned, cocoa and coffee production has gradually shrunk, and the annual output of cocoa has dropped from a maximum of 45,000 tons to less than 500 tons. In 2019, China successfully planted rice on a demonstration farm in Equatorial Guinea, with an average yield of 593 kilograms per mu. In the same year, a rice planting training course was held for Equatorial Guinea.
Equatorial Guinea has 312,000 square kilometers of exclusive fishing area, fishery resources are relatively rich, produce tuna, African yellow croaker and prawns and other economic seafood, but the actual catch is not high. Due to the lack of necessary equipment and technology, coupled with the lack of advanced management system, necessary capital investment and policy support, the fishermen of Equatorial Guinea have long used the original fishing methods, driving canoes to go out to sea to fish. In recent years, the Equatorial Guinean government has taken a series of measures to support the development of fisheries, as one of the keys to economic diversification, the establishment of a fishing company to meet the domestic aquatic consumption demand, but the company lacks mechanical fishing vessels and related skills, and hopes to cooperate with foreign companies to carry out fishing. Nearly 40 fishing boats from France, Spain and other EU member states fish for tuna in the waters off Anoben Island.
[13]
Republic of Equatorial Guinea gold coin stamps
Since the beginning of the production and export of oil in the 1990s, the oil industry has become the most important source of fiscal revenue for Equatorial Guinea, and the national revenue has increased significantly and the fiscal strain has eased. In 2005, Equatorial Guinea issued a decree that the central government would allocate 10% of its annual fiscal revenue to local governments for local construction projects. However, due to the reduction of crude oil production and the drop in international oil prices in recent years, government revenue has gradually shrunk. In 2020, the fiscal revenue will be about 2.1 billion US dollars, and the fiscal deficit will account for 10% of GDP.
Since the collapse of the Credit Bank of Equatorial Guinea in 1985, there has been no national bank in Equatorial Guinea. In April 2006, the Commercial Bank of the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea agreed to jointly establish the National Bank of Equatorial Guinea. In September, the National Bank of Equatorial Guinea was opened. In recent years, the banking industry has developed greatly. At present, there are 4 banks operating business, and the main customers are foreign companies in Equatorial Guinea. The insurance industry has developed more slowly, with three insurance companies and one reinsurance company in the country.
In 2023, the total import and export trade volume is 4.7 billion US dollars, of which exports are about 3 billion US dollars, imports are about 1.7 billion US dollars, and the surplus is about 1.3 billion US dollars. Both daily necessities and means of production depend on imports. The main importers are Spain, China, the United States and the Netherlands. Oil and timber are the main exports. The main exporters are China, Spain, Portugal and India. In recent years, with the rapid development of the petroleum industry, petroleum has not only replaced wood as the main export product, but also reversed the situation of long-term deficit in foreign trade.
[22]
According to UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2021, Equatorial Guinea is expected to attract 15.09 billion US dollars of foreign investment by the end of 2020. In 2020, Equatorial Guinea is expected to attract foreign investment flow of 530 million US dollars, mainly from the United States and British Petroleum, as well as Morocco, Egypt, Italy, France and some Chinese contract engineering enterprises.
[13]
The aid came mainly from Spain, France and the relevant agencies of the United Nations. Spain resumed official aid to Equatorial Guinea in December 1999. In 2002, the World Bank restarted cooperation with the Government of Equatorial Guinea in the areas of transportation, road construction, port renovation and human resources training. In 2005, the United Nations Development Programme and the government of Equatorial Guinea signed an agreement, the United Nations over five years to provide 9 million US dollars to fight AIDS. In 2005, Spain and France provided 23.9 million US dollars and 4.2 million US dollars of official aid to Equatorial Guinea respectively. In 2006, Amerada-Hess donated US $40 million to the government of Equatorial Guinea for the education of children and the training of government officials. In August, Amerada-Hess signed an education cooperation agreement with the government of Equatorial Guinea, providing $20 million to help Equatorial Guinea develop basic education. Since 2008, the EU has stopped providing aid to Equatorial Guinea through the EU Development Fund due to the fact that Equatorial Guinea disagrees with some of the provisions of the Cotonou Agreement on economic and trade cooperation between the EU and ACP countries.
The first official language is Spanish, the second official language is French, and the third official language is Portuguese. National languages: Fangs on the mainland and Bubi on Bioko Island.
[13]
82% of the population is Catholic, 15% Islamic and 3% Christian.
[13]
The people of Equatorial Guinea are very polite, and wearing shorts, vests and shirtless are not allowed in public. The traditional clothing of Equatorial Guinea is called "robe", which is a wide one-piece skirt with bright colors and is generally worn during festivals.
[8]
The diet of the indigenous people is mainly peanuts, cassava, potatoes, corn, bananas, pumpkins, fish, etc. Traditional processing methods are mostly mashed with wooden sticks and cooked or fermented. A dish of pumpkin or peanuts wrapped in banana leaves with fish, meat or vegetables is called "little white Anna" and is traditionally eaten by locals.
[8]
Official holidays in Equatorial Guinea: New Year's Day on January 1, International Labor Day on May 1, President Obiang's birthday on June 5, Freedom Coup Day on August 3, Constitution Day on August 15, Independence Day (National Day) on October 12, Christmas Day on December 25. A five-day work week, Saturdays and Sundays are closed.
[13]
The army consists of the navy, the army and the air force, with a total of more than 5,000 personnel, including 3 battalions of the army, 1 battalion of the Navy and 1 company of the Air Force. The system of compulsory military service and life tenure of officers shall be implemented. President Obiang is the supreme commander of the armed forces. The army is ill-equipped and outdated. In recent years, Equatorial Guinea has made great efforts to strengthen its military strength. In June 2014, Equatorial Guinea launched its first self-built warship, the light cruiser "Viller-Enzas".
[2]
[14]
Currently, there are only two weekly newspapers and six publications in Equatorial Guinea. The weekly newspapers are "Ebony" and "Poto Poto", both sponsored by the Equatorial Press Department. Garcetta was the only folk publication allowed to be published. There are also "Insurance", "Venus", "Hello, Red Chi", "Bantu" and "Kapok".
The Government has one national radio station in Malabo and one in Bata. In March 2005, a shortwave station of Radio Bata was launched with the assistance of China. The privately owned Radio Assunga broadcasts news and entertainment programmes. In 2005, the University of Equatorial Guinea opened the University Radio station, which mainly broadcasts educational programs.
Both Malabo and Bata have national television stations. In 2006, the Malabo Television Center was built with the assistance of China. Mango, the son of President Obiang, runs the private Asunga Television station. Kamerigan operates satellite television in South Africa, transmitting more than 20 international television programmes. The first printing plant was established in Malabo in 2007. The official website of the government of Equatorial Guinea mainly contains news and relevant information about Equatorial Guinea.
[13]
[21]
The education system is divided into three levels: primary, secondary and higher. The primary school lasts five years and education is compulsory. Children start school at the age of 6, and about a quarter of them are enrolled in private or missionary schools. In the 2018-2019 school year, there were 936 primary education schools nationwide, of which 60.5 percent were public schools and 39.5 percent were private schools, with 118,004 students. There are 232 secondary education schools, of which 20.3% are public schools and 79.7% are private schools, with 3,651 students. There is only one university in the country, the National University of Equatorial Guinea, which has cooperation agreements with universities in Spain. The University of Equatorial Guinea consists of the University headquarters and six faculties in Malabo and Bata, teaching, health, agriculture and administration. It consists of 2 departments and 16 majors. The government does not offer scholarships. Most oil companies offer scholarships to Equatorial Guinean students. The teacher-student ratio is 1:82. Spain and France have large cultural centers and language schools in Malabo respectively. Only 3.2 percent of the 7,500 civil servants in the government have a college degree. In order to adapt to the rapid development of the oil industry, the government established the "Oil Technician Training Center" in Malabo in 2005 to provide vocational education. According to UNESCO's 2013 Education for All Global Monitoring Report, the adult literacy rate in the minority is 94%, the highest in sub-Saharan Africa.
[13]
[21]
Equatorial Guinea's health condition is poor, and diseases are prone to epidemic. The main infectious diseases are typhoid fever, hepatitis, malaria, yellow fever, rabies, AIDS and so on. Sixty-eight percent of people do not have access to running water, and 63 percent of patients do not receive timely treatment. Average life expectancy is 63.85 years. According to the Human Development Index published by the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report 2020, Equatorial Guinea ranks 145th out of 189 countries.
There are 2 district hospitals, 4 provincial hospitals, 12 district hospitals, 42 medical centres, 300 health posts and 1019 beds. There is a health school in Bata. The country has 58 doctors, 165 medical technicians, and more than 800 nurses and service personnel, with an average of 21 hospital beds per 10,000 people.
[13]
Equatorial Guinea began competing at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, but from 1984 to 2004, they failed to make a breakthrough on the field and have yet to win an Olympic medal.
[9]
Equatorial Guinea's postal services are mainly concentrated in large cities. Postal services in small towns and remote areas are not well developed. Express delivery companies such as EMS, DHL and FEDEX operate in major cities.
Equatorial Guinea has a number of Internet operators such as GETESA, GUINEANET, GECOMSA, OFFICE, and the total operator is Equatorial Telecommunications Infrastructure Management Company (GITGE). The level of Internet service is generally low, the speed is slow, the fee is high, and the network users are mostly concentrated in cities.
[13]
Equatorial Guinea's national road network is about 3,952 kilometers, of which 2,469 kilometers are distributed in the mainland area, 253 kilometers of roads are distributed on the island, and 1,230 kilometers of forest roads. The national highway is 1009 kilometers long, of which about 400 kilometers are asphalt pavement.
[13]
[20]
Car ownership in Equatorial Guinea is growing at about 23 per cent a year.
[14]
Malabo and Bata are the main airports. There are four airlines in the country, of which Seiba Intercontinental Airlines is a state-owned company and operates nine aircraft. In addition, Cameroon, Gabon, Nigeria, Spain, Switzerland, Cote d 'Ivoire and other national airlines have regular flights from Malabo to Madrid, Libreville, Douala, Abuja, Dakar, SAO Tome and other places. In October 2012, the national Airlines of Equatorial Guinea launched the Malabo - Madrid route.
[13]
[20]
Malabo and Bata are important seaports. Malabo Port has a handling capacity of 1.5 million tons. In 2007, Bata Port started the reconstruction and expansion project, the first phase of the project was completed in 2012, and has built 1 general berth of 50,000 tons, 35,000 tons, 30,000 tons and 20,000 tons, and 2 berths of 10,000 tons of refined oil, which is the largest port in the country. The throughput in 2019 and 2020 will be 8.4 million and 5 million tons respectively. In December 1998, the "Leo Campo" passenger and cargo dual-purpose ship belonging to a shipping company of Panama undertook domestic and international routes such as Malabo - Bata - Annoben - SAO Tome and Principe - Cameroon. In recent years, Equatorial Guinea's maritime industry has developed to a certain extent. In October 2000, the Government of Equatorial Guinea purchased a passenger and cargo ship "DJIMLOHO" to operate passenger and cargo operations on the island of Bata-Malabo-Anoben.
[13]
[20]
We pursue a foreign policy of non-alignment, good-neighborliness and pluralism. We stand for strengthening friendly and cooperative relations with other countries on the basis of peaceful coexistence, equality and mutual benefit. We oppose hegemonism and power politics and demand the establishment of a new international political and economic order. We oppose foreign interference in the internal affairs of African countries, and advocate that African countries formulate common strategies and strive for a normal environment for development. We oppose Western interference in other countries' internal affairs under the pretext of human rights. We actively participated in international and regional affairs. Member of the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States and the Central African Economic and Monetary Community. In May 2017, Equatorial Guinea officially joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). In June, Equatorial Guinea was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2018-2019. In February 2018, Equatorial Guinea assumed the rotating presidency of the UN Security Council.
[2]
[17]
Relations with China
The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1970. Since then, bilateral relations have developed smoothly. During President Obiang's state visit to China in April 2015, the two countries established a comprehensive cooperative partnership featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, important visits by the Chinese side include: Vice Minister of Posts and Telecommunications
Luo Shuzhen
(August 1980), Vice Minister of Water and Power Li Daigeng (August 1983), Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Zhou Jue (June 1986), Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs
Yang Fuchang
Zhu Xun (August 1991), Minister of Geology and Mineral Resources (October 1993), Deputy Minister of the International Department of the Central Committee
Huan Guoying
(July 1994), Vice Premier and Foreign Minister of The State Council
Qian Qichen
(January 1997), Vice Foreign Minister Ji Peiding (June 1998), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Xu Jialu
(July 2002), Minister for Foreign Affairs
Li Zhaoxing
(January 2007), Vice Minister of Commerce
Wei Jianguo
(March 2007), Deputy Minister of Commerce
Gao Hucheng
(December 2008), Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun (who served as Assistant Foreign Minister in March 2009 and attended the AU Summit as Special Envoy of the Chinese government in June 2011), State Councilor Dai Bingguo (July 2010), Minister of Commerce
Chen Deming
(February 2011) Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Zhao Hongzhu
(September 2013), Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Ming (June 2014), Minister of Foreign Affairs
Wang Yi
(January 2015) Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Wang Jiarui
（2016年1月），习近平主席特使、工业和信息化部部长
Miao Wei
(May 2016), Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee
Xu Lvping
(December 2016), Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Ming (May 2017), State Councilor and Minister of National Defense
Chang Wanquan
（2018年2月），习近平主席特使、全国人大常委会副委员长
Zhang Chunxian
（2018年10月），习近平主席特别代表、中共中央政治局委员、中央外事工作委员会办公室主任
Yang Jiechi
(January 2019), etc.
The following leaders of Equatorial Guinea visited China: Vice-president Eyeg (August 1974), President Macie (September 1977), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Marcelino (March 1983), President Obiang (August 1984, April 1990, September 1996, November 2001 and October 2005), Attended the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in November 2006, the Day of the Equatorial Guinea Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo in August 2010, the opening ceremony of the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in July 2012 and visited China, paid a state visit to China in April 2015, and attended the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in September 2018), Minister of Foreign Affairs Enneme (May 1991), Speaker of the Parliament Salomon (June 2001), Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Francophonie Micha (June 2005, December 2007, June 2008, March 2009, June 2010, May 2011, April 2012 at the fourth session of the Joint Economic and Trade Committee), Minister of Finance and Budget Marcelino Owono Edu (February 2007), Minister of Finance and Budget Estanislau Don Maravo (March 2009), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Mba (July 2012 at the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation), General Secretary of the Democratic Party Nguema (June 2013), Second Vice President Mange (November 2013), Democratic Party General Secretary Ossa (June 2014, October 2016), Vice President Mange (July 2017), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Oyono (June 2019 to attend the FOCAC Beijing Summit Coordinators meeting, official visit to China in March 2023), etc.
[17]
China and Equatorial Guinea have signed an economic and technical cooperation agreement and a trade agreement, and have set up a mixed economic and trade committee, which has held five meetings so far. In 2023, the bilateral trade volume between China and Equatorial Guinea is 1.57 billion US dollars, of which China exports 210 million US dollars and imports 1.36 billion US dollars. In the first quarter of 2024, the bilateral trade volume between China and Equatorial Guinea reached 350 million US dollars, of which China exported 50 million US dollars and imported 300 million US dollars.
There are more than 20 Chinese contractors in Equatorial Guinea, mainly engaged in power, transportation, housing and other projects.
[24]
Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Equatorial Guinea, the exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in such fields as culture, education and health have been constantly strengthened. In 1982, the two countries signed an agreement on cultural cooperation. Since 1977, China has accepted Chiaki scholarship students to study in China. The total number of Equatorial Guinea students studying in China in the 2022-2023 academic year is 584, of which 201 are scholarship students. In October 2014, Hanban signed a cooperation agreement with the National University of Equatorial Guinea on the establishment of Confucius Institutes. In May 2015, the Confucius Institute at the National University of Equatorial Guinea was established. In February 2020, Equatorial Guinea donated US $2 million to support China's fight against COVID-19. In February and April 2021, China provided two batches of COVID-19 vaccine assistance to Equatorial Guinea. In June 1971, the two countries signed the Protocol on the agreement of the Chinese government to send medical teams to Equatorial Guinea. So far, the Chinese side has sent 33 batches of medical teams with 639 personnel to work in Malabo and Bata respectively.
China and Equatorial Guinea signed an agreement on visa exemption for holders of diplomatic, service and official passports in October 2005, which came into force in January 2006. On July 7, 2017, the two sides amended the above agreement through the exchange of notes, extending the scope of visa exemption to Chinese citizens holding ordinary service passports and Equatorial Guinean citizens holding special service passports, with effect from August 6, 2017. In June 2014, the Consulate General in Bata was opened.
[23]
In October 1970, the Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea was signed. During President Obiang's visit to China in April 2015, he issued the Joint Statement on the Establishment of Comprehensive Cooperative Partnership between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.
[10]
The Supreme heads of State of China and Equatorial Guinea met
The Supreme heads of State of China and Equatorial Guinea met
Relations with Spain
Spain was the former suzerainty of Equatorial Guinea. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1977. Relations were restored in 1979 when Obiang came to power. Spain is the second largest trading partner of Equatorial Guinea, with bilateral trade volume of about 900 million US dollars in 2021. Each year, Brazil provides about 25 million US dollars in aid to Equatorial Guinea and is the main donor country of Equatorial Guinea. Relations between the two countries were strained in 1993, and Spain suspended official institutional cooperation between the two countries. In December 1999, Spain decided to resume official assistance to Equatorial Guinea. After an attempted coup in Equatorial Guinea in March 2004, the government accused Spain of involvement in the coup, and relations between the two countries were strained, but later eased. In January 2006, Equatorial Guinea announced that it would revoke the political asylum of the exiled Equatorial opposition leader Severo. In November, President Obiang paid an official visit to Spain. During the visit, President Obiang attended the opening ceremony of the Equatorial Guinean Embassy in West Africa. In July 2007, the Foreign Minister of Equatorial Guinea visited the West. In July 2008, Prime Minister Milam visited Spain. In July 2009, the Spanish Foreign Minister visited Equatorial Guinea. In February 2011, President Xi visited Equatorial Guinea. In November 2012, Foreign Minister Mba of Equatorial Guinea visited Spain and signed an agreement on cooperation between Equatorial Guinea and Spanish Airlines with Foreign Minister Garcia of Equatorial Guinea. In April 2013, Foreign Minister Mba of Equatorial Guinea visited Spain. In March 2014, President Obiang went to Madrid to attend the state funeral ceremony of former Spanish Prime Minister Luis Suarez. In June, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy attended the 23rd African Union Summit in Equatorial Guinea. In July, former Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero visited Equatorial Guinea. In June 2017, Foreign Minister Mba of Equatorial Guinea visited Spain. In May 2018, Spanish Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Fidel Castro visited Equatorial Guinea. In October, the State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs went to Equatorial Guinea to attend the celebration of the 50th anniversary of independence.
[2]
[18]
Relations with France
Equatorial Guinea joined the Central African Franc Zone in 1985, and French was officially declared the second official language in 1997. The trade volume between the two countries in 2021 is 130 million US dollars. France provides about US $20 million in annual aid to Equatorial Guinea, and has sent advisers to the presidential palace, the Ministry of Defense and other government departments. The two countries have mixed committees. President Obiang has visited France many times. In October 2007, President Obiang went to France to attend the 34th session of the General Conference of UNESCO and met with President Sarkozy. In March 2010, President Obiang met with French Army General Manuel Pate, Director of Defence and Security Cooperation, in Malabo. In November 2015, President Obiang went to France to attend the Paris Conference on Climate Change. In January 2017, President Obiang attended the 27th Franco-African Summit in Mali and met with French President Francois Hollande. In October 2018, French President Emmanuel Macron sent a special envoy to Equatorial Guinea to attend the 50th anniversary of its independence. In September 2019, President Obiang and his wife attended the funeral of former French President Jacques Chirac. In November, President Obiang went to France to attend the Paris Peace Forum and meet with President Emmanuel Macron. In 2021, the Supreme Court of France announced that it rejected the appeal of the Vice President of Equatorial Guinea Mange in the "illegal assets case" and upheld the guilty verdict. The Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued statements condemning the verdict. In November 2022, President Obiang met with the Special Envoy of the French President and Director General of the African and Indian Ocean Department of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Luis Bigault.
Relations with the United States
The United States is one of Equatorial Guinea's major trading partners, with bilateral trade volume of about 300 million U.S. dollars in 2021. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1976. Relations were restored in 1979 when President Obiang came to power. In 1993, the United States openly criticized the government of Equatorial Guinea in terms of democracy and human rights, and withdrew its Peace Corps. In 1994, the United States downgraded diplomatic relations with Equatorial Guinea from the ambassadorial level to the charge d 'affaires level. The US embassy in Equatorial Guinea was closed in 1996. Since then, the relations between the two countries have improved significantly due to the cooperation in the oil field. In 2000, the United States opened an honorary consulate in Bata. In June 2003, during President Obiang's visit to the United States, the two sides signed an agreement on non-deportation of each other's citizens to third countries and international courts. In October of the same year, the US Embassy in Equatorial Guinea reopened after being closed for seven years. In February 2006, US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer led a delegation to Equatorial Guinea. In April and October, President Obiang visited the United States twice. In February 2010, President Obiang visited the United States. In April, Foreign Minister Micha of Equatorial Guinea visited the United States. In May, the US Assistant Secretary of State visited Equatorial Guinea. In December 2011, President Obiang visited the United States and received an award from the Sullivan Foundation. In June 2012, President Obiang visited the United States and held a forum on Investment opportunities in Equatorial Guinea. In April 2013, President Obiang went to New York to attend a special session of the United Nations. In August 2014, President Obiang attended the first U.S.-Africa Summit in the United States. In September, President Obiang went to the United States to attend the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly. In September 2015, Second Vice President Nguema went to New York to attend the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly. In March 2016, President Obiang met with the visiting U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Sullivan. In November 2020, President Obiang called to congratulate Joe Biden on his election as US President. In January 2021, Vice President Manger met with the visiting Acting Deputy Secretary of Defense. In October, President Obiang and Vice President Manger met respectively with visiting White House Deputy National Security Adviser Jonathan Feiner. In February 2022, President Obiang and Vice President Mangue met with visiting U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Molly Fey. In December, President Obiang went to the United States to attend the US-Africa Summit. In April 2023, Vice President Manger spoke by phone with Jonathan Feiner, Deputy National Security Adviser to the President of the United States.
[23]
Relations with Portugal
Equatorial Guinea is actively seeking membership in the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries. In April 2013, Equatorial Guinea appointed its first ambassador to Portugal. In July 2014, President Obiang attended the 10th Summit of the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (CPLP) in Timor-Leste, at which Equatorial Guinea became the ninth member of the organization. In March 2016, Foreign Minister Mba of Equatorial Guinea attended the extraordinary meeting of Foreign Ministers of the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (CPLP) in Lisbon and met with his Portuguese counterpart Jose Manuel Santos. In December 2017, Speaker of the Parliament of Equatorial Guinea Muhaba went to Portugal to attend the seventh session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Community of Portugal. In April 2021, President Obiang attended a video conference of the Forum of Portuguese-Speaking African Countries (PALOP). In May, the first Business Summit of the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries was held in Malabo, capital of Equatorial Guinea. In July, Foreign Minister Oyono of Equatorial Guinea represented President Obiang at the 13th Meeting of Heads of State and Government of the Community of Portugal. In March 2022, President Obiang met with the new Executive Secretary of the Community, Luiz Felipe da Costa. In June, President Obiang attended the second session of the United Nations Ocean Conference and visited Portugal, where he met with Portuguese President Antonio de Sousa. In July 2023, President Obiang met with the Deputy Speaker of the Portuguese Parliament, Jose Manuel Silva. In August, President Obiang attended the 14th COMP Summit.
[23]
Relations with African countries
We attach importance to maintaining good-neighborly and friendly relations with neighboring countries. In the early 1970s, there was a territorial dispute with Gabon, and after the mediation of the OAU, the two countries signed the Agreement on Good Neighbourliness and the Agreement on the Delimitation of Land and Sea Borders. In recent years, with the discovery of oil off the coast of Equatorial Guinea, it has become increasingly important to determine the territorial sea boundary with Nigeria, Gabon, Cameroon and SAO Tome and Principe, and Equatorial Guinea expressed its willingness to resolve the relevant issue through negotiations.
In 1985, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon reached an agreement in principle on the joint development of natural resources in Corisco Bay. In February 2003, the Canadian Defense minister landed on the disputed island of Mbane and declared it Canadian territory. The Equatorial Guinean government immediately issued a statement, reaffirming that the island is the territory of Equatorial Guinea and demanding that the Canadian side immediately withdraw its troops from the island. In July 2004, President Obiang and President Bongo signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) in Addis Ababa under the mediation of the United Nations to jointly develop the resources of Mbane Island. In February 2006, President Obiang and Canadian President Bongo went to Geneva to meet with UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan to mediate the territorial dispute between the two countries. In March, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan visited Equatorial Guinea to continue to mediate the territorial dispute between the two countries. In September, President Obiang paid a working visit to Gabon, during which the two heads of state said they would peacefully resolve the territorial dispute between the two countries. In June 2009, President Obiang attended the funeral of Canadian President Bongo. In October, President Obiang attended the inauguration ceremony of President Ali Bongo. In the same month, Canadian President Ali Bongo visited Equatorial Guinea. In January 2012, Equatorial Guinea and Canada jointly hosted the 28th Africa Cup of Nations. In September, during the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly, President Obiang announced that the territorial dispute with Gabon would be referred to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. In January 2013, President Obiang visited Gabon and attended the Extraordinary Summit of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community. In April 2016, Canadian President Bongo paid a state visit to Equatorial Guinea. In July, President Obiang visited Canada. In November 2016, President Obiang and President Bongo signed a special agreement on the sidelines of the 22nd Climate Change Conference in Marrakesh in the presence of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, agreeing to submit the disputed islands of Mbane, Cocoteros and Conca and the disputed boundary to the International Court of Justice. In December 2017, President Bongo of Gabon visited Equatorial Guinea. In August 2018, President Bongo visited Equatorial Guinea. In June 2019, President Obiang and his wife attended the 10th anniversary of the death of former Canadian President Haji Omar Bongo. In July, President Obiang paid a working visit to Canada. In March 2021, Equatorial Guinea submitted the special agreement signed with Canada in 2016 to the International Court of Justice, and the court announced the formal commencement of proceedings. In March 2022, President Obiang met with Prime Minister Osuka. In October, the government of Equatorial Guinea submitted documents related to the territorial dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. In January 2023, Gabon President Bongo paid a state visit to Equatorial Guinea, during which the two sides pledged to resolve the territorial dispute peacefully. In September 2023, Nguema, the interim President of Gabon, visited Equatorial Guinea.
Equatorial Guinea has a maritime delimitation dispute with Cameroon. In March 1999, Equatorial Guinea unilaterally declared its maritime boundary in accordance with the provisions of the Middle Line of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Cameroon, Nigeria and Gabon dispute this. In February 2010, the Foreign Minister of Cameroon visited Equatorial Guinea and held consultations on the delimitation of the boundary between the two countries. The two sides reached an agreement on maritime delimitation and signed a joint communique. In May 2010, the Deputy Prime Minister of Cameroon visited Equatorial Guinea and President Obiang met with him. In the same month, President Obiang attended the 50th anniversary of Cameroon's independence. In September 2012, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon signed an agreement on mutual exemption of diplomatic and service passports. In November, President Obiang visited Cameroon. In March 2014, President Obiang met with Minister of Civil Affairs Belinga during a visit to the Presidential Palace of Cameroon. In May 2020, Vice President Mangue met with the ministerial representative of Cameroon's presidential Office responsible for defense affairs. In July, President Obiang met with the Cameroonian Foreign Minister and the ministerial representative of the Presidential Office in charge of defense affairs. In July 2021, President Obiang met with Cameroon's Minister of Economy, Planning and Territorial Remediation, Osman. In March 2023, President Obiang and his Cameroon counterpart signed an agreement on the joint development of border gas fields.
In September 2000, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo visited Equatorial Guinea and the two heads of state signed a maritime boundary agreement. In April 2002, President Obiang visited Nepal and the two sides signed an agreement on joint development of the maritime zone. In March 2006, President Obiang visited Nepal. In December, the two countries signed an energy cooperation agreement. In May 2007, President Obiang attended the inauguration of the new president of Nigeria. In July 2008, President Obiang met with former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo. In May 2011, President Obiang attended the inauguration of Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan. In February 2015, President Obiang visited Nepal. In May, President Obiang went to Nigeria to attend the inauguration of new President Muhammadu Buhari. In March 2016, Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari paid an official visit to Equatorial Guinea, where he met with President Obiang and signed an agreement on the establishment of a Joint Committee on Maritime Security Monitoring and Patrol. In January 2018, President Obiang visited Nepal.
In June 1999, Equatorial Guinea and SAO Tome and Principe signed an agreement on the delimitation of the maritime boundary between the two countries. In 2007, President Obiang went to SAO Tome and Principe to celebrate independence. In 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the President of SAO Tome and Principe visited Equatorial Guinea several times. In August 2013, President Obiang met with Prime Minister Gabriel of SAO Tome and Principe. In March and August 2015, SAO Tome and Principe President Carlos da Costa visited Equatorial Guinea twice. In October, President Obiang visited SAO Tome and Principe. In February 2016, President Obiang met with visiting SAO Tome and Principe Prime Minister Jose Manuel Trovada. In November 2017, the Prime Minister of SAO Tome Trovada visited Equatorial Guinea. In October 2018, President Carvalho of SAO Tome and Guinea attended the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Equatorial Guinea's independence. In August 2019, President Ricardo Carvalho paid an official visit to Equatorial Guinea. In April 2022, President Nova of SAO Tome and Principe paid a state visit to Equatorial Guinea. In April 2023, the Prime Minister of SAO Tome Trovada visited Equatorial Guinea.
In 2007, President Obiang attended the 50th anniversary of Ghana's independence. In 2009, Equatorial Guinea and Canada signed a bilateral aviation cooperation agreement. In 2010, Canadian President Mills visited Equatorial Guinea. In 2012, President Obiang and President Mills exchanged visits. In August, President Obiang went to Canada to attend the funeral of President Mills. In January 2013, President Obiang attended the inauguration of President Mahama. In February 2015, President Obiang visited Canada. In March 2016, Equatorial Guinea's Prime Minister Barack Obama attended the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the country's independence. In August 2017, President Akufo-Addo visited Equatorial Guinea. In September 2018, Prime Minister Obama went to Canada to attend the funeral of former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
In 2012, President Obiang visited Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Chad, Uganda and Senegal, attended the opening ceremony of the 18th African Athletics Championships in Benin, attended the summit of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community in the Congo (Brazzaville), attended the funeral of Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles, and visited Equatorial Guinea by the Presidents of Benin and Burundi. In January 2013, President Obiang visited Gambia, Angola, Congo and other countries, attended the 20th African Union Summit in Ethiopia, and attended the swearing-in ceremony of President Mugabe in Zimbabwe. President Yayi of Benin, Interim President Djotodia of the Central African Republic, President Sirleaf of Liberia, President Issoufou of Niger and President Conde of Guinea visited Equatorial Guinea respectively. In 2014, President Obiang visited Eswatini, Rwanda and Egypt, attended the Summit of the 10-Member Heads of State Committee for the Reform of the African Union Security Council in Brazzaville, attended the swearing-in ceremony of President Jacob Zuma in South Africa, and attended the 15th Summit of the Organization of La Francophonie in Senegal. Central African Interim President Samba Panza and South African President Jacob Zuma visited Equatorial Guinea respectively. In 2015, President Obiang visited Chad, Algeria, Guinea and Benin, attended the 24th African Union Summit in Ethiopia, the inauguration ceremony of the new president in Namibia, the opening ceremony of the new Suez Canal in Egypt, the celebration of the 55th anniversary of independence in the Republic of Congo, and the Summit of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community in Gabon. He also served as the rotating chairman of the Organization and went to Guinea to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Conde. President Issoufou of Niger, President Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Interim President Kafando of Burkina Faso, President Conde of Guinea and President Yayi of Benin visited Equatorial Guinea respectively. In January 2016, President Obiang went to Namibia to attend the summit of the 10-Member Reform Committee of the AU Security Council, paid an official visit to Zimbabwe and attended the 26th AU Summit in Ethiopia. In February, President Obiang met with visiting Benin Prime Minister Zinsou, Central African President Addison Vadera and Cape Verde Prime Minister Carlos Pereira. In March, President Obiang went to Central Africa to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Sondra. In April, President Obiang went to Niamey to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Issoufou of Niger. Foreign Minister Mba of Equatorial Guinea visited Tunisia. In May, President Obiang attended the inauguration ceremony of Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni in Kampala. Foreign Minister Mba officially announced his candidacy for the chairmanship of the AU Commission for 2016-2020 in Ethiopia. In June, President Obiang visited Chad. In July, President Obiang met with visiting Guinea-Bissau Prime Minister Bajiro Ja. In the same month, he met with visiting Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe. In August, President Obiang met with visiting Burkina Faso President Pierre Kapolei. In January 2017, President Yayi of Benin visited Equatorial Guinea. President Obiang went to Ethiopia to attend the 28th African Union Summit, during which he met with the President of South Sudan, the President of Uganda, the King of Morocco and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. In March, President Obiang visited Angola. President Obiang visited Mozambique and Uganda in April. In June, King Mswati III of Eswatini visited Equatorial Guinea. In July, President Francois Touadera of the Central African Republic visited Equatorial Guinea. In August, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni visited Equatorial Guinea. In September, President Obiang went to Angola to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Lorenzo. In January 2018, President Obiang visited Uganda, Vice President Mange went to Liberia for the inauguration ceremony of President Weah, attended the 30th African Union Summit in Addis Ababa, and President Touadera of Central Africa and President Conde of Guinea visited Equatorial Guinea. In February, President Obiang paid state visits to Ethiopia and Tunisia. In March, President Kagame of Rwanda, rotating Chairman of the African Union, visited Equatorial Guinea. In April, President Obiang visited Djibouti and Vice President Mabuza, Special Envoy of the President of South Africa, visited Equatorial Guinea. In May, President Obiang visited Zimbabwe, Vice President Mange attended the inauguration ceremony of President Bio in Sierra Leone, and Foreign Minister Oyono visited South Africa and Mozambique. In October, President Guelleh of Djibouti, King Mswati III of Eswatini, President Fonseka of Cape Verde, President Nkurunziza of Burundi, President Mnangagwa of Zimbabwe and President Gomes of Guinea-Bissau attended the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Equatorial Guinea's independence. In January 2019, President Obiang visited Rwanda. In March. President Obiang and his wife visit Congo. In April, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa visited Equatorial Guinea and President Obiang visited Cape Verde. In June, President Obiang visited Ethiopia. Vice President Mangue traveled to Mozambique to attend the 12th U.S.-Africa Business Summit. In September, President Obiang and his wife went to Zimbabwe to attend the funeral of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe. In January 2020, Prime Minister Abiy of Ethiopia visited Equatorial Guinea. In February, SAO Tome and Principe Prime Minister Jesus visited Equatorial Guinea. In June, the Minister of External Security Affairs of the Presidential Office of the People's Republic of China, Gerard Bibon, met with the President of the Central African Republic, Francois Touadera, in Bangui. In August, President Obiang met with the Special Envoy and Special Adviser of the President of Burkina Faso in Malabo. In November, Mrs. Ndayishmieche, President of Burundi, visited Equatorial Guinea. In December, President of the Central African Republic Francois Touadera visited Equatorial Guinea. In March 2021, President Embaro of Guinea-Bissau visited Equatorial Guinea. In April, President Obiang and the First Lady attended the inauguration ceremony of President Sassou in the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). In May, President Obiang and the First Lady paid a state visit to Qatar. In June, President Fonseca of Cape Verde paid a state visit to Equatorial Guinea. In December, Mohamed Idriss Deby, Chairman of the Chadian Military Transitional Council, visited Equatorial Guinea. In March 2022, President Obiang met with Saudi Royal adviser Khatan, and Vice President Mange visited Uganda and met with President Museveni. In June, President Nyusi of Mozambique visited Equatorial Guinea. In September, President Obiang visited Angola and attended the inauguration ceremony of President Lorenzo. In the same month, Obiang met with President Embaro of Guinea and Vice President Mange visited Serbia and met with President Vucic of Serbia. In October, Mauritanian President Ghazwani paid a state visit to Equatorial Guinea and attended the commemoration of the 54th anniversary of Equatorial Guinea's independence. In May 2023, President Obiang met with the Special envoy of the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Special Envoy of the Transitional President of Guinea. In July, President Obiang met with the Special envoy of the President of Burkina Faso. In August, President Obiang met with President Casama of the National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau. In September, President Obiang paid a state visit to Belarus.
[23]
International conference
In June 2011, the 17th Summit of the African Union was held in Malabo, the capital of Equatorial Guinea. In February 2013, the third South America-Africa Summit was held in Malabo. In June 2014, the 23rd AU Summit was held in Malabo. In September, the award ceremony of the second UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea Prize for Life Sciences was held in Malabo. In November, the second Turkey-Africa Summit was held in Malabo. In January 2015, the 30th Africa Cup of Nations was held in Equatorial Guinea. In July, the International Conference on Fighting Ebola in Africa was held in Malabo. In November 2016, the fourth Arab-African Summit was held in Malabo. In May 2017, the fourth summit of the AU Security Council Reform Committee of Ten Heads of State was held in Malabo. In March 2018, the award ceremony of the fourth UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea Prize for Life Sciences was held in Malabo. In April 2019, the 7th General Assembly of the Organization of African Oil Producing States was held in Malabo. In June, the Round Table on the Financing of the African Solidarity Trust Fund and the 54th Annual Meeting of the African Development Bank were held in Malabo. In September, the second African Infrastructure Development Planning Policy Dialogue was held in Malabo. In November, the 5th Natural Gas Exporting Countries Forum was held in Malabo. In April 2022, the 32nd FAO Regional Conference for Africa was held in Malabo. In May, the AU Special Humanitarian Summit and Donor Conference was held in Malabo.
In 2015, President Obiang attended the third India-Africa Summit in India and the Third Summit of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum in Iran. In 2016, President Obiang attended the 6th Tokyo International Conference on African Development in Kenya. Prime Minister Tomey went to Papua New Guinea to attend the 8th ACP Summit and announced that the Government of Equatorial Guinea would contribute €500,000 to the fund for the activities of the Group. In 2017, President Obiang attended the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in New York and the 5th EU-AU Summit in Cote d 'Ivoire. In 2018, President Obiang attended the International Solar Alliance Summit in India, the 31st African Union Summit in Mauritania, the 12th Summit of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries in Cape Verde, and the 73rd United Nations General Assembly in New York. In February 2019, during Equatorial Guinea's presidency of the UN Security Council, President Obiang chaired a high-level open debate on "Mercenary activities as a source of insecurity and instability in Africa" at the UN General Assembly. In the same month, President Obiang attended the 32nd African Union Summit in Ethiopia. In July, President Obiang went to Niger to attend the Special Summit on the establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area and the Coordination Meeting between the African Union and Sub-regional Economies. In August, President Obiang and his wife attended the 7th Tokyo International Conference on African Development in Japan. In October, President Obiang and his wife attended the first Russia-Africa Summit in Russia. In the same month, he attended the 18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Azerbaijan. In November, Equatorial Guinea hosted the fifth summit of the Forum of Natural Gas Exporting Countries. In July 2020, President Obiang attended the 17th Economic Community of Central African States Heads of State Summit by video conference. In September, President Obiang addressed a summit commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations. In December, President Obiang attended a special video conference of the heads of State of the Economic Community of Central African States. In February 2021, President Obiang attended the 34th AU Summit by video and delivered a speech. Vice President Mangar led a delegation to attend the 13th Air India 2021 International Air Show. In April, President Obiang attended a video conference of the Forum of Portuguese-speaking African Countries. In May, President Obiang attended a meeting of the AU Development Agency (AUDA) Steering Committee of Heads of State and Government via videoconference. In July, President Obiang attended the UNAIDS High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS by video. In January 2022, President Obiang led a delegation to attend the 20th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Economic Community of Central African States. In July, Vice President Mange attended the 21st Summit of the Economic Community of Central African States and met with President Tshisekedi of the Republic of Congo. In March 2023, President Obiang attended the 15th Summit of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community in Cameroon. In August 2023, President Obiang attended the 15th BRICS Summit in South Africa.
[23]
Equatorial Guinea tourist attractions have Malabo Old City, Baxilai Peak, Biao Lake, White Beach, three Fort and other places can see the scenic spots. Among them, the Bahilai Peak is a national reserve, and climbing requires a tourist permit. There are almost no other tourist service facilities, and there are no tour companies. There are 3 five-star hotels and 2 four-star hotels. The remaining hotels are in medium condition. Small hotels are in poor condition. Main hotels in Malabo city: Sofitel President Hotel (standard room price in 313-539 euros/night), Sofitel West Popo Hotel, Hilton Hotel, Eight three Hotel, Paradise Hotel, Bay Hotel, Tropical Hotel, etc. Main hotels in Bata city: Carmen Hotel, Plaza Hotel, etc.
[8]
