Yang Yuchun six years old Family school At the age of 17, he turned to martial arts because of his family's decline. Qianlong Forty-four years (1779), Yang Yuchun Zhong A surname The following year he was elected to join the army. In the last years of Qianlong, he followed phokangan Suppression of Gansu Tago Uprising, Taiwan Lin Shuang Wen uprising , Gu Zhou Miao uprising And participate in The Battle of Gurkha Was deeply appreciated by him. Since the Jiaqing Two years (1797), led the army suppression Chuan Chu Bai Lian uprising Repeatedly fought meritorious, history said, "in the spring to seek courage are absolutely, stagger Half wiped out." ^[4] . In the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806), the plan was put down Ningshan new recruits riot . Jiaqing 18th year (1813), to Minister counsellor Identity rate army suppression Tenrikyo Uprising And Shaanxi Nanshan Xianggong uprising. Daoguang six years (1826) to depute Governors of Shaanxi and Gansu His post led the army to defeat Changel rebellion And recovered the four western cities of southern Xinjiang. Daoguang eight years (1828), officially served as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. After the execution of Zhang Gel, because of the work of the picture Ziguangge . Daoguang fifteen years (1835), to the first Zhao Yong Hou Write an official post He died two years later at the age of 78 ^[1] . Be awarded with dauphin , The Ministry of Military Affairs Posthumous title" Chungtake ". ^{[45
]}

Yang Yuchun history Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang three dynasties, in Jiaqing, Daoguang two dynasties, ranked the first commander. In every military service, he is always in the vanguard. He fought hundreds of times in his life, changing the method of battle, often charging into the battle, never being wounded, and Yang Fang It is called "Eryang". He was called "Hasa. Master class " ^[35] . Emperor Jiaqing Call him "the Blessed General" ^[4] . Qing people because of its high happiness and longevity, even compared it to Guo Ziyi ^[49] . He is the author of the book "Military Preparation for Victory" ^[48] .

( Overview diagram source ^[5] )

alias: Yang Zhongwu ^[49] , Poplar beard , Yang Shizhai , Hasa Kiban ^[6]
word: Sai
age: Qing Dynasty
Ethnic group: The Han nationality ^{[51
]} (said to be the descendants of the Longnan Di people)
Place of Birth: Sichuan Chongzhou
Date of birth: January 30, 1761 ^[47]
Date of death: The year 1837

Major achievement: Participate in repression Chuan Chu Bai Lian uprising
pacify Changel rebellion
Major work: Military Preparation for Victory
eigenname: Yang Yuchun
Official post: Governors of Shaanxi and Gansu
peerage: The first is a show of courage
Posthumous gift: dauphin , The Ministry of Military Affairs
Posthumous title: Chungtake

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biography

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EDITOR

Raise up brave generals

Yang Yuchun Yu Qianlong Born on December 25, 25 (January 30, 1761) Chonggyeongju Baixian Village (now Sichuan Province) Chongzhou City White Grind Village, western suburbs) ^[47] . Some later scholars have proved that Yang Yuchun's distant ancestors came from Longnan foundation ^{[51
]} .

At the age of six, Yang Yuchun entered his grandfather Yang Zhankui's private school and began to study. Because of her studiousness, she was affirmed by Yang Zhankui's "childhood has adult degree" ^{[51
]} . At the age of 17, he turned to martial arts because of his family's declining fortunes. Qianlong forty-four years (1779), the examination A surname Ren Sichuan A surname . ^[7]

In the 45th year of Qianlong (1780), the imperial Court selected Yang Yuchun to serve superintendant . He later followed the general Fuza Fuconan Suppression of Gansu Tian Wu Uprising , Taiwan Lin Shuang Wen uprising Deeply appreciated and promoted by Fukang An, successively promoted to Qingyun sum , Senzong . ^[8-9]

With the conquest of Nongerkha, arrived near Yangbu, taken from the "Yang Zhong Wu Hou Xuanqin Jiqing Map"

In the 56th year of Qianlong (1791), Kingdom of Gurkha (now Nepal The feudal lords invaded the Tibetan areas of the Qing Dynasty and invaded Shigatse , destroy Tashilhunpo Temple . The following year (1792), the court appointed Fukang An as minister of war, to counterattack. Yang Yuchun with Fukang an for the war, promoted to Sichuan city guard right camp garrison. ^[8]

In the sixtieth year of Qianlong (1795), the Miao people of Guzhou revolted (see entry Shi Liu Deng revolted against Qing Dynasty (Outbreak, Yang Yuchun with Fukang An rate of army suppression, fighting to lift the rebels on the smell of the brain siege, and aid Songtao, alone to lead the army through the "mountain danger" Zhanggui Creek, to dare to die 40 people as the vanguard, from the path into the rebel camp, the rebels thousands of people, straight to the Songtao city, once again relieved, rewarded plume , Upgrade City . After lifting the siege of Yongsui, Yang Yuchun was given the title "vigorous courage. Baturu ". After the rebel leader Wu Bansheng was captured, Yang Yuchun was promoted to the rank of Guerrilla general . All in charge Guarja Erdenbo When he attacked Tea Mountain, he was surrounded by rebels. Yang Yuchun led the strong men to attack the rebels, capture the mountain, "vertical and horizontal determination, when the often invincible", its bravery to Fu Kang An marvel, was immediately promoted to Participating general . After the recapture of Qianzhou, Yang Yuchun was promoted to Luodingying in Guangdong Deputy general . ^[10-12]

Seek both courage and excellence

Subject article: White Lotus Uprising

Miao chaos after the peace, Chuan Chu White Lotus Religion The rebellion troubled the Qing court again. Jiaqing Two years (1797), Yang Yuchun with the promotion of economic strategy minister Erle Denbao rushed to Hubei, put down the White lotus religion Qin Jiayao, Lin Zhihua and others led the rebel army, break the Bayye Mountain, in Changyang , Xuan 'en , start , Enshi And defeated the rebels one after another. After the death of Lin Zhihua, Tan Jiayao turned Padong into Changyang, occupied the village of Li, and continued to resist. Yang Yuchun sent 300 men to take the night through the village path, and the village front brigade of officers flanked, so that the rebels died in battle, rock jumping up to thousands of people. Qin Jiayao led more than a thousand people to break the siege again Return to the state Finally report the village. Finally reported the walled "steep wall of rock", Yang Yuchun overnight sent troops climbing on, and finally captured Qin Jiayao, Zhang Zhengchao and so on. ^[66]

In the Third year of Jiaqing (1798), Yang Yuchun followed Erdengbao to Shaanxi, where he defeated Li Quan's rebels at Lantian and then at Zixiling Kojunde The Rebel Army. In May, Yang Yuchun returned to Hubei and participated in the transfer from Shaanxi to Hubei Tanagi The siege of Zhang Hanchao's department, pursued Zhang Hanchao all the way to Shaanxi, in Ordinary interest Meng Shiling defeated Zhang Hanchao again. September, in Guangyuan Wu Jiahe defeated Gao Junde and Li Quan again. Soon after, Yang Yuchun's father died, and the court gave him gold to handle his father's funeral and ordered him to accompany him in mourning. Yang Yuchun went on to destroy the Bazhou rebels at Guanyin Ping, Dapeng Village and Qingguan Mountain Rochitine Ministry, because of the work promoted to Gansu Sining The town of Commander in chief . ^[67]

In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Yang Yuchun followed the Erdengbao campaign and killed Xiao Zhanguo, Zhang Changgeng, Leng Tian Loc Such as the rebel army, and make the rebel leader Wang Guangzu captured, the most meritorious service, shock Sichuan, Shaanxi area. Subsequently, he was responsible for the pursuit of Zhang Zicong's department, and from summer to autumn, he successively attacked Liangshan, Yunyang, Taiping, Kaixian County , Tongjiang Defeat it. Zhang Zicong embarrassed, many times with Fan Renjie, Gong Jian, Ran Tianyuan The ministry united and finally prepared to unite with the Ministry of Wang Teng-ting. Yang Yuchun captured the Maanzhai held by Wang Tenting, captured his subordinate Jin Younian at Tuyazi, and killed Ruan Zheng 漋 at Yunwu Mountain in Guangyuan. After winter, Wang Dengting retreated from Shaanxi to Sichuan, where he joined Ran Tianyuan. Erdengbao then rate Yang Yuchun and Mukdenbu in Cangxi County MAO Erya Join forces against the rebel army. Mukdenbu violated the agreement and took the lead in the attack, which was defeated by the rebels, thanks to Yang Yuchun, who rejected the enemy with the waste base, and threw the burning grass torch to the mountain, and fought all night to avoid a major defeat. Subsequently, Wang Dengting, defeated by Yang Yuchun and others, fled alone Pujiang County He was finally captured by local forces. ^[68]

In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Yang Yuchun was promoted to the post Lieutenant Ganzhou , with Mukdenbu in Handle both sides equally They defeated Zhang Tianlun's army and followed Erle Dengbao to pursue and defend Yang Kaijia around Shangluo Longju Chai Annihilate the remainder of Zhang Hanchao Liu Yungong and Liu Kaiyu. Because of his great achievements in battle, the court awarded him a title Yun Qi Wei occupation . At this time, Erle Dengbao considered that Yang Yuchun and Mukedenbu had different opinions for many years, and since the Cangxi War, the contradiction between the two people was deeper, so he recommended Yang Yuchun to "seek courage and good, but when one side", and let him independently lead the army "and divide the road with the economic planner and counselor to suppress the thieves". The court ordered Yang Yuchun to command the identity of a separate division to lead the battle, along Weihe River West, suppression 汧 long The rebels in the area. In May, just as Yang Yuchun and Wu Jinzhu department in Hanyin the Hand SLATE And copper money cellar fierce battle, Yang Kaijia suddenly attacked from the path, so that Yang Yuchun under the enemy. Since the The period of the day from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. to The period of the day from 5 p.m. to 5 p.m. The official army is deeply surrounded. Wu Jinzhu under the general Pang Hongsheng wearing a white robe, holding the flag, straight to Yang Yuchun kill. When two people were close at hand, Pang Hongsheng was shot after the team fell horse, killed on the spot. This accident caused a great loss of morale of the rebels, one after another to retreat, just when Erdengbao led the army to aid, Yang Yuchun and his troops a place to pursue the rebels to Yangxian County MAO Ping killed Yang Kaijia and captured Chen Jie, another leader of the uprising, at Dashisaka. In August, Yang Yuchun Cheng County flume , Fengxian County Pan Jiagou killed Wu Jinzhu, Song Mazi respectively. ^[69]

In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), Yang Yuchun was in Shiquan County The Stone Pagoda Temple defeated Ran Xuesheng's group, and in the process of pursuing Ran Xuesheng, detected Gao Tiande, Ma Xueli, Wang Tingzhao Such as the rebel army has been driven by the main force of the official army to the five Lang dam, so by night launched an ambush, scattered the rebel army, and then, he from Sloping Yu Pass Pursue all the rebels and block their escape into Gansu. He won the battle again in the steel shop factory, and in one day and night, he traveled four hundred miles, and finally reached the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi Anzi ditch Wang Tingzhao was captured, while Gao Tiande and Ma Xueli fled to Chanjia Rock. Yang Yuchun judge they intend to from Ninchaung Flee, then quickly self Oblique valley Rushed to the Erlang dam, in the Longdong River ambush, will be Gao Tiande, Ma Xueli Department in one net. After the war, Yang Yuchun recruited eight hundred elite soldiers from the surrendered rebel army and was subsequently given the title of Jin A surname This World. ^[70]

Subsequently, he destroyed Zhang Tianlun and Ran Xuesheng at Sunjiapo, pursued them into Sichuan, and finally captured Ran Tiansi and Wang Shihu alive at Baoxiaoya on the Tongjiang River. At this point, the rebels "famous people wiped out a few", the rest of the people are hiding in the mountains and forests. Yang Yuchun was slow to "hunt down" these rebels and was severely reprimanded by Emperor Jiaqing. ^[70]

In the autumn of the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), Yang Yuchun defeated the "Bazhou Bai" rebel army of the White Lotus Sect and was transferred to the Ministry of Civilization Guyuan Prefect. Emperor Jiaqing was basically put down because of the White Lotus uprising, Yang Yuchun in the process of suppressing the uprising outstanding war, "wipe out the head of the rebellion", so he was promoted to second class A light car is a captain This World. ^[13]

In 1803, the eighth year of Jiaqing, Yang Yuchun's mother died, and Emperor Jiaqing, upon hearing of the death, gave Yang Yuchun a funeral leave of 40 days. At this time, more than a thousand men of Gou Wenwen rose up between the Han River under Gou Wengrun's call. The various government troops were weak and difficult to strike, and the progress was not smooth, until Yang Yuchun returned to the front line, morale was greatly boosted, and he won many times in Hongshan Temple, Pingxi River and other places, and finally put them down. Since then, "the atmosphere of thieves has become clearer" and the situation has gradually stabilized. ^[71]

Quell mutiny

Subject article: Ningshan new recruits riot

At the beginning of the eleventh year of Jiaqing (1806), Yang Yuchun returned to the court in triumph, and Emperor Jiaqing issued an edit allowing him to return to his hometown to continue mourning for his mother for 100 days, until the end of his vacation. June, Shaanxi Ningshan Town stationed troops because of the Guyuan governor Yang Fang He stopped sending salt rice silver and was greatly dissatisfied, so he killed his lieutenants and guerrillas and launched a mutiny. The army attacked the city and broke up the prison, and grew to more than 10,000 men. Yang Yuchun was now on his way to Xi 'an and immediately contacted the governor of Shaanxi after hearing of the mutiny Fang Weidian Gallop to the front of the army. Sent by Emperor Jiaqing Lead the chambermaid Wumit Rang To Shaanxi to deal with the matter, and ordered Yang Yuchun to guard Fang Chai Guan. The combat effectiveness of the mutiny is higher, and the official army engages with it, losing many times. At this time, Pu Dafang, one of the leaders of the mutated army, saw Yang Yuchun, knelt down and complained to him about the embezzlement of soldiers. After Yang Yuchun pacifies Pu Dafang, seized the opportunity to divide the army, and Yang Fang force, decided to ensue. He side by the soldiers slow attack, one side to make Yang Fang riding into the camp to persuade them. A few days later, Pu Dafang captured Chen Dashun and Chen Xianlun, who had initiated the mutiny, and took them to Yang Yuchun to surrender. Yang Yuchun then led Pu Dafang in the mouth of the river to break the rest of the mutines, beheading its leader Zhu Xiangui. At this point, Ningshan town stationed troops mutiny was quelled. After the incident, the colonel asked permission for the surrender of the mutiners to return to the army, but was severely reprimanded by Emperor Jiaqing, Yang Yuchun was also demoted to the town of Ningshan, Pu Dafang and other more than 200 people were finally exiled to the army Xinjiang Guard the borders. ^[72]

Be deeply trusted

In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing (1808), Yang Yuchun entered the pilgrimage to see, and Dry cleaning door The bodyguard was still awarded the title of governor of Guyuan. ^[14]

Jiaqing 18th year (1813), Tenrikyo Uprising Burst, in which Li Wencheng Part occupied Hua County . Upon hearing the news, Emperor Jiaqing sent Zhangjia, Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu Na Yancheng To suppress the rebel army, Yang Yuchun served Minister counsellor Assist Na Yancheng. In the face of the rebellion, concentrate on the best Daokou Town Yang Yuchun did not launch a strong attack, but led 80 soldiers to the west along the canal reconnaissance, on the way to defeat the rebels far more numerous than his own, but also to take advantage of the victory across the river, repeatedly attacked the rebels, at the cost of losing two people, so that they lost morale. After that, Yang Yuchun decisively ordered people to cut the pontoon bridge, burn the ferry, launch a general attack, and successfully conquered the crossing. After winning all the way in Taoyuan and Huixian County, he eventually surrounded the slippery county seat with various departments. He dug tunnels to lay mines, blasted the wall out of the gap, and then held the soap flag, the first to seize, commanding the army into the city. Li Wencheng, seeing that the tide was turning, set himself on fire and died. In December, the Tenrikyo uprising subsided. ^[15] ^[74]

The siege, slippery city immediately difficult to break through, and the outside of the rebel forces and surging harassment unceasingly, so clear the outside trapped rebels, both to eliminate the enemy, but also to the inside rebel army to deter, is the key to the slippery city victory. Later, "On (Emperor Jiaqing) repeatedly talked with the minister (Jiaqing) 18 years of slippery county, Yang Yuchun mostly". Jiaqing Emperor on merit, into the seal Yang Yuchun second class BARON , wear Yellow jacket . ^[15] ^[74]

In the first month of the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814), Yang Yuchun led the army to suppress the van workers in Nanshan, Shaanxi Five thousand uprising Two months later it was put to rest. A baron of the first rank. After suppressing the rebellion, Yang Yuchun returned to Beijing to resume his command. Emperor Jiaqing took him by the hand and said, "I am of the same age as your minister, and my strength is still strong. If there are military affairs in the future, your minister must take charge of me alone." He had a beard on his face and praised him many times. ^[16]

Defend the western frontier

Subject article: Put an end to the Changger rebellion

In August 1820, 25th year of Jiaqing, Daoguang Emperor Enthrone. In September, Yang Yuchun Prince Shao Bao , grant Eye wing ^[40] . ^[17]

Daoguang County In October, 1825, Yang Yuchun Acting appointment Governors of Shaanxi and Gansu ^[18] ^[39] . There is a Qing generation, to Yu Shuai And those who rose to the rank of governor of the frontier, Yue Zhongqi Later, Yang Yuchun was the first person ^[54] .

In June of the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), Baishan School leader Chang Ger in the United Kingdom colonialism With the support of, collusion The Khanate of Hohan (now Republic of Uzbekistan Eastern), Afghanistan and other foreign forces instigated Kashgar (modern Xinjiang) Kashgar ), Yingjisha (present-day Xinjiang Yingjisha), Yerqiang (present-day Xinjiang Shache (a county in Henan Province) ), Khotan (present-day Xinjiang Khotan The four cities rebellion in southern Xinjiang. In July, the Daoguang Emperor issued a decree appointing Yang Yuchun as imperial minister to suppress Zhang Ge and so on. He was immediately appointed with the governor of Shandong, Guarga Wulonga Joint counsellor of military affairs ^[41] , assist General Yangwei Saltuk Long Led Shaanxi, Gansu, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Sichuan five provinces Qing army will attack the rebels, and adjust Uria Sutai As well as Ili cattle, camels, 20,000 military horses. In October, the Qing Army of Shaanxi arrived first Akzo . commander-in-chief Yang Fang Captured the strategically important Kelping (present-day Xinjiang), about 250 li southwest of Aksu Keping County ), both cover the main force in Aksu concentration, open the path to the west. In November, Yang Yuchun, Chang Ling and Wu Long Chi went on a crusade.

On February 6, the seventh year of Daoguang (1827), the main force of the Qing army advanced westward from Aksu. On February 14, to Balchu (present-day Xinjiang Bachu Three thousand troops were left to prevent the rebels from turning around the rear. On February 22, as far as Dahe Guai, the rebels attacked the Qing camp by night with 3,000 men and were defeated. The next day, they arrived at Hun Abat (present-day Xinjiang Province) Jiashi East), the rebels were defended against the hills by twenty thousand, and the position was five or six miles long. Changling, Yang Yuchun rate of the main force by the front, Yang Fang by the right wing, Wulong A by the left three way attack. The rebels repeatedly attacked from the hills down, were repelled, and finally retreated, and the baggage and livestock were captured by the Qing army. On February 25, as far as Shabdur (now Jiashi West), the rebels defended tens of thousands of rivers and DAMS, and used the reed lake to break the water and silt to create a water barrier to prevent the Qing cavalry from attacking; Reserves were deployed behind the position. Yang Yuchun and others attacked with infantry from the front to cross the water barrier, and cavalry from the two wings of the roundabout, implementing a side attack. When the gunpowder carried by the rebels exploded, the Qing army took the opportunity to attack and cut its array into several sections, so that it did not look at each other. The rebels fought hard at first, but then saw their leader, Setibaldi, shot and killed. ^[19] ^[65]

The Qing army chased the Hunhe River for 30 or 40 li. Chang Geer trend, moved to Avabat Zhuang, according to the Gangback River array, shaped like geese wings. On February 27, the Qing army reached Awabat. That night, Yang Yuchun sent Jilin strength to ride one thousand, divided into two routes between the left and right secret roundabout to ambush after the rebel array. At dawn the next day, infantry was deployed from the front and cavalry from the flanks. The rebels pretended to retreat, trying to lure the army to mount the guard, and when they reached the halfway slope, they carried out a joint attack. The infantry of the Qing army used multiple shots and shielded each other with fire to meet the enemy one by one. When they reached the halfway slope, the Tengai soldiers dressed in tiger skin colors jumped out to charge, and the rebel horses were frightened and confused, and fought hard according to the posts. The cavalry, ambushed behind the line, launched a surprise attack from behind, and the rebels were defeated and more than half were wiped out. ^[65]

Taking advantage of the victory, the Qing army reached Hunhe on February 28 The Chakmak River The North Shore. Chang 'ar's rebels built a defense of 100,000 along the north bank, stretching for more than 20 miles. The Qing troops harassed and harassed the rebels in small groups throughout the night. The second night of the wind, flying sand. Long Ling to the enemy I outnumbered, afraid of the rebels to take the opportunity to counter, to withdraw the army ten miles, wait for the wind to stop and attack again. Yang Yuchun put forward: "This is heaven in the praise of our army, the thief does not know the number of our troops, and worried that our army will soon cross the river, the opportunity is not lost!" And as a guest army, we should take advantage of a quick war, which is not sustainable." That the weather is dark, the rebels can not tell how many troops, more unfavorable to our army across the river, it is appropriate to surprise, attack its unprepared, the opportunity to miss, so sent 1,000 Heilongjiang Solon The cavalry swam across the river below to contain, while the main force raced across the river by dark, gaining the upper hand. At daybreak, the whole army crossed and concentrated their artillery on the rebel camp. The rebels fled in chaos, and the Qing army took advantage of the victory and pursued them to the city of Kashgar. Zhang Ge led a few remnants from Muji (present-day Xinjiang Blenkule Lake Northwest longitude Uzberi Pass Fled the area of the Brutdarvas Mountains (in present-day Tajikistan), which the Qing army captured The Battle of Hun River The victory. ^[19]

In this battle, the Qing soldiers diverted the enemy and caught him by surprise. Yang Yuchun at any time by all the time and geographical, disadvantageous to advantage, strategize, decisive, it can be seen that his understanding of the art of war, the operation of the good. ^[74]

On the first day of March, the Qing army recaptured Kashgar city and captured it alive Andijon Under the army leaders Tyrihan and Samuhan were four thousand rebels. On the beginning of March 5, Yang Yuchun recaptured Ingishar; On March 16, Yerqiang was recaptured. In May, Yang Fang defeated 5,000 rebels at Kunla (present-day Khotan West), captured their leader Yunus, and retook Khotan. At this point, the four cities in the west of southern Xinjiang occupied by the Zhanger rebels for a year were all recovered by the Qing Army. Yang Yuchun due to merit Prince Taibao . After Zhanger fled, the Daoguang emperor ordered Yang Yuchun to enter first. ^[19]

"Pacify Hui Jiang, Suppress and Capture the Rebel Descent Battle Tu Yang Arbat Battle"

The Battle of Tu Shabdur Trang for the Suppression and Capture of the Renegades in Huijiang

"Pacification of Huijiang, Suppression and Capture of the Rebels, Battle of Tu Awabatzhuang"

Battle Map of Pacification and Recapture of Khotan

Battle Map for Pacifying Huijiang and Capturing the Rebellious Descent · Reclaiming Kashgar

( Atlas reference ^{[60] 56 -} )

In the first month of the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), Yang Fang pursued all the way and captured Zhang Ge in Tiegai Mountain. After the news reached Beijing, Yang Yuchun entered the pilgrimage to see, the Daoguang Emperor awarded Yang Yuchun as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and ordered people to draw his portrait Ziguangge . ^[20]

Win both fame and fame

Yang Yuchun in Ziguangge painting image and Daoguang Emperor's calligraphy praise (2 photos)

In the tenth year of Daoguang (1830), Changel's brother Yusupu entered the frontier with thousands of troops from Brut and Andijan Karun Harassment. Yang Yuchun acted again Imperial minister To lead this standard soldiers stationed Sukju Dispatching, finally put down the rebellion in Kashgar and other places, and once again maintain the unity of the Qing Dynasty. ^[78]

In the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835), Yang Yuchun resigned from office with old age and returned to his hometown. Yang Yuchun resigned before returning, Daoguang emperor ordered its slow trip to the capital to see, into a Zhao yong Hou, in the book to support food full salaries. And presented to the imperial Ziguangge portrait axis. ^[21]

Daoguang 16th year (1836) winter, Governors of Sichuan Eshan went to Beijing to see Emperor Daoguang. Daoguang Tete book "Fu, Shou" two words, and out The inner palace Twelve taels ginseng The life of Hubei mountain back to Sichuan reward Yang Yuchun. ^[22]

( Atlas section reference materials ^[47] )

Awhile and awhile

February 28, 17th Daoguang (April 3, 1837) ^[2] night ^[31] Yang Yuchun died at the age of 78 in the "Wangheting" villa outside the south gate of Chengdu ^[1] . Emperor Daoguang heard the obituary, posthumously gave him dauphin , The Ministry of Military Affairs , be offered sacrifices Xianliang Shrine , Village sage Memorial Hall , Posthumous title "Loyal Wu", so later generations also called Yang Yuchun "Yang Zhong Wu Hou". ^[23] In the imperial sacrificial text, Dao Guang Di said, "I remember the hale and hearty beard, the sound and appearance are still in the present; Report yellow hair to fragrance, miss Mizeng behind "a sentence to express their sorrow. ^[49] The government and the opposition know its obituary news, are deeply sorry, and even rushed to Chengdu to pay their respects. According to people who came from the Northwest at that time, the people of Shaanxi and Gansu "mourned the Lord especially... Private sacrifice, and camp Buddha to recommend the public." We can see its image in the minds of local people. ^[78]

On March 16, 1839, in the nineteenth year of Daoguang, Yang Yuchun was buried on the west Hill of Chongqingzhou. ^[24] Later moved to Chongqingju Niangang ancestral tomb.

Major influence

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EDITOR

Military activity

Yang Yuchun history Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang three dynasties, every military affairs, all from Wu gallop. Yang Yuchun experienced hundreds of battles in his life, each time taking the lead, risking the arrows, sometimes the crown is broken, sometimes Robe hakama He wears them all without a single injury, and the world calls him a "blessed general." ^[4] ; He claimed to be "God-given black flag", and his unit would fly a black flag in every battle, called "Yang's Black Flag Army". ^{[52
]} . He is good at using troops to outsize the crowd, surprise victory, both suppression and relief, encirclement and aid, and attach importance to the construction of the army, control the army has the law, but also can create their own methods, forging mobile brigade, so that in each campaign, the internal fight against the rebellion, the external maintenance of unity, played an important role in consolidating the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and became a famous name in the Qing Dynasty. ^[74] ^[78] Its military activities are mainly as follows:

In the early years, Fukang 'an suppressed the Tianwu uprising in Gansu Province, the Lin Shuang Wen uprising in Taiwan and the Miao uprising in Guizhou and Hunan.

Jiaqing two years (1797). He began to participate in the suppression of the Chuan-Chu Baipeng uprising, and was heavily relied on by the Minister of Economic Strategy Erle Dengbao. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), he led the army to fight independently as a commander and successively captured or killed Qin Jiayao, the leader of the rebel army. Rochitine , Leng Tian Loc , Nguyen Cheng Long, Wang Tingzhao Et al.
In the eleventh year of Jiaqing (1806), in June, the troops stationed in Ningshan Town of Shaanxi Province mutinied because of the reduction of hair and silver. Mutineers storm cities, prisons, kill officials. When it grew to more than ten thousand people, Yang Yuchun used both suppression and soothing, and disintegrated the mutiny with the technique of attacking the heart, and successfully put down the mutiny.
In the 18th year of Jiaqing (1813), the counsellor minister led troops to suppress the Hua County Tenrikyo Uprising Through the tactics of encircling points and attacking aid in the future, the thieves were destroyed, and then the city was bombed with gunpowder to recover Hua County; And suppress the Shaanxi Nanshan Xianggong uprising.
Daoguang six years (1826), into Xinjiang Pingding Changel rebellion . ^{[45
]} ^[74]

Govern the place

Yang Yuchun is here Governors of Shaanxi and Gansu In the last ten years, he requested the removal of Shaanxi pear tribute, cut down redundant personnel, cut down the army, organized reclamation, and repeatedly tried to improve Horse government ^[77] Although the measures were not fully implemented, they still contributed to the development of the Northwest Frontier. ^[78]

Promote the general

Yang Yuchun has the understanding of people, praise, promote talent "such as less than". He rose from the ranks Yang Fang , recommend Qi Shen ^[35] , appreciation Xiang Rong In the cold ^[42] The first two were important generals of the Daoguang Dynasty, and the latter one was the main general of the Qing Army in the early period of the pacifying Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. His subordinates also have the main town side, such as Wu Tinggang (Overland Governor of Guangdong), Zhu Tingbiao (Governor of Zhejiang Province), You Dongyun (General soldier of Ningxia Town), etc. ^[38]

Historical evaluation

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EDITOR

phokangan "This will help you." ^[32]

Guarja Erdenbo And so on: "All generals in the spring only to seek courage and excellence, can be a side." ^[4]

"Yang Zhong Wu Hou Xuanqin Jiqing Map" depicting Yang Yuchun's achievements

Aisin Gioro Chao Durian "The country has been rising for a long time, and women and towns were opened due to the accumulation of labor in martial arts, and most of them were not practiced in martial arts at the beginning. Therefore, the change of Sichuan, Chu, general commander do not know more soldiers, resulting in failure. Among those who have experienced hundreds of battles and made outstanding achievements, Yang Shizhai Jun Men is the most. ... Public beard great appearance, good to control the soldiers, his subordinates are evil bandits anyway With a long knife hanging from the waist, the shape is dangerous, and the public is arrogant, and loves them as parents. Therefore, in the past ten years, the enemy has been defeated and the price is remarkable. ... (promote subordinates) have Guo Linggong to Li Xiping ( Li Sheng ), Hun Taiwei ( 浑瑊 ) The wind. ... This town Shaanxi more than dozens of years, and Yong Jian like the old cloud." ^[32]

Aisin Gioro Minning :

A young man can never go back. Clap a horse across the spear, good through the thief team. The counsellor's army, the city was defeated. Give to the border, no shame in the simple. ^[49]
Three dynasties and two dynasties Feng Qi Tich Khanh A lot. ^[49]
The father into the sight of honor, merit to the whole international peace. Xuan Li Three dynasties invited favour tin, lyric hundred wars broadcast prestige. Official and martial really difficult, will be honest never more. Jin Jue pay for the future generations, Lin Quan to live long. ^[49]
Yang Yuchun public loyalty to the country. The agency of the world is solid. I am convinced. ^[63]
Yang Yuchun, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, proclaimed labor in the outside world, meritorious. ^[64]
Since the Qianlong period, he served in the army with martial arts. In every case of military affairs, there is no exception. Experienced many wars, experienced three dynasties, proud of the achievements... In frontier affairs, control is appropriate. Old prestige, known at home and abroad. Faithful and loyal, the country The backbone is strong My minister. ^[25]
I hope your father will live a few more years, if the country is in trouble, although he can not support the war Chen, I ask him, but also have an idea. He (Que) did not have a serious illness at the time, this is no illness. My father is loyal and brave, I believe that I always want to be considerate of my father solid service to the country, he is underground, also like. ^[26]
And the father Yang Yuchun, Xuanli has years, war achievements, and frequent Xinjiang mail. ^[62]

Zhao Guang "Training of soldiers must first practice will, material art, loyalty and courage, as in the past Yang Yuchun generation, Miao can not get, what is the urgency?" ^[37]

Jiang Shaohai: "all over to the deviation will be collected, actually string reciting class Confucian." ^[54]

Li Xing : "The public born and Shen Yi, solemn speech and smile. Long beard more than feet, when the battle is tied into a braid, a hundred times heroic. Many call their fathers with their beards. Army times of ten years, war achievements can not be won. Those who want to divide the work, often push against it. There is a taboo, a long time to shame. If a man has a skill, he must store it for the use of the state. Today's Hunan governor Yang Fang and Guizhou Governor Yu Buyun were among the dead. Xuanli three dynasties court, the loyalty is known, down to the field husband wild old, outside to the poverty and absolute amount, also do not know his name and enjoy his life and work. Although there is no Gong today, but the Gong's name is inherent. And the kingdom shall cease for ever and ever." ^[27] ( Monument to the God of Yang Gong in Zhongwu )

He Riyu : "Since produce From the size of the army hundred wars, not in the line, the public Wei body repair beard, every battle must swing a knife, big call for the battle, the vanguard, so the service, the nature of stern and Yi, the family has the law. But friends under the control, then modest retreat gentle, not to jue proud, not to merit self-cutting. Therefore, the court and the opposition have no words, please follow the scholar rate, with the grace of sweet and bitter, and the common reward of work can, a bing to the public. He died happy for it. It is a famous man in modern times." ^[28] ( Epitaph of Yang Zhong and Wu Gong )

Wei Yuan :

Sun Tzu said of the use of troops: "The whole army is the first, and the destruction of the army is second." Therefore, on the second Yang Laolie, should be called the first to appease Ningshan. ^[76] ( Jiaqing Ningshan Mutiny )
Jiaqing Chuan, Shaanxi army, two Yang Qi name. ^[76] ( Yang Fang's Arrest from Nanshan )

Li Wandu :

Among the Han people in this dynasty, Zhao Gongliangdong and his son, Liang Gongnai and Yue Gongzhong Qi were promoted to governor, and they won the Gong and five. ^[75] ( " The state puts things right first " )
The public beard is raised, the eyes reflect the sun, and the light can shine on people. Life without a wife, but the integrity of the clean. When he was governor, he was in control of military affairs, official affairs and border affairs. ^[75] ( A Brief Introduction to the Affairs of the State Dynasty )

Zheng Guanying "In the beginning of the country, the sea is a criminal offense, and Yao Qisheng , Shi Lang , Blue texture , Li Zhifang The general will come out; San Francisco The same rebellion, and Yue Le , Mujan , Zhao Liangdong , Liang Huafeng , Wang Jinbao The general will come out; Quasi Karma inside rush, and super yong prince Tseling The general will come out; Four 犂 courts, and Zhaohui , Minh Swee The general will come out; Gold seed pound hole, while Asa, Heranca The general will come out; Chuan Chu expedition and suppression, while Erdengbao, Rang Tai , Yang Yuchun, Yang Fang The general will come out; Hair, twist and other inverse vertical and horizontal disturbance, and Xiang, Zhang, Jiang, Ta, Luo, Li generals only out." ^[29] ( On Reserving Generals and Talents )

anonymity "Between Qianlong Jiaqing, the prevention of paths is strict, such as Yue Xiangqin's service to Jinchuan, two Yang Hou's flat teaching bandits, although relying on the task and long, and be rewarded as a hero, will be. Flag register However, the origin of the system is old." ^[55] ( " Salt and despise each other " )

Zhao Erxun "The battle of Chuan and Chu shall be decided after the exhaustion of the forces in Yu." Material Wu Xiao fierce, extracted in the line, but invincible, attack all take, Jae but two Yang and Rothschild For the crown. In the spring to seek courage are absolutely, play Kou half for the destruction. Think in the thief, terrain, risk 阨, strong beam is not its mok. As for loyalty forget private, body name is Tai, meet the spring long, solid for sparse Gou; And think to servze owl Jie, the end of the name, Huan in the banner often." ^[4] ( " Draft of Qing Dynasty history " )

Ge Xu:

Chengdu Yang Zhongwu Yuchun, Jia, Dao time general also, with martial arts from the recruitment of bandits started, experienced hundreds of battles, all overcome... . ^[6] ( Anecdotes of Famous People in Qing Dynasty )
Qi Shen For the general CAI Jia, the general, Yang Zhongwu and outside, will push the new wild Qi Yongyi Gongshen. ^[6] ( Anecdotes of Famous People in Qing Dynasty )
Jia, Dao between the general, the first push two Yang, fame, shining. ^[43] ( Anecdotes of Famous People in Qing Dynasty )

Chae Dongfan "The Battle of Ranhun River, Grow old And want to return, lucky to rely on Yang Yuchun's plan to cross the river, expel back to the chiefdom, in order to restore the West four cities, is long do but one Khanh Siong The flow of ya, micro Yang Zhongwu, I know it is also useless also. The suggestion of donating to the West to defend the East is especially perverse. The West four cities are the shield of the East four cities. Without the West four cities, can there still be the East four cities? Xuanzong stern rebuke, forced to annihilate the enemy, and cover the capture of the work, Yang Fang, full of no material, everything will be for Han, and the Qing court still to the right full left Han for the trick, also strange to find the phase of the troubled world. The purpose of this return is actually a combination of two Yang, compared with the full staff, especially see the merits of two Yang." ^[30] ( " The romance of Qing history " )

Xing Yutian:

Yang Yuchun was a famous military general in the middle of Qing Dynasty. He played an important role in maintaining the feudal rule of Qing Dynasty in Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties. ^[74]
His life through Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang three dynasties, is the rise of the Qing Dynasty in the decline of a star, but also in the early Qing Dynasty rare Han governor... Compared with the achievements of the previous few people in the Qing Dynasty, it is particularly difficult to rise in the spring in the Chengping world. ^[74]

Anecdotal allusion

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Font alias

Yang Yuchun word time Zhai ^[4] According to its character, people called it "Yang Shi Zhai". He has so many whiskers that people call him "Yang Beard". The people back to fear its prestige, called "Hasa Xiaban." "Hasa" is what the Han people call "beauty. Beard and beard "; "Xiaoban" is Manchu, meaning "minister", "senior official" or "adult". ^[36] . ^[35]

Interaction between two young people

Yang Fang When he first joined the army, he was recommended by Yang Yuchun and recruited Miao phokangan Appreciate and get promoted. Yang Fang good plan, Yang Yuchun good war, two people for the cloth, meet for brothers. The relationship is described as left and right hand, "can not be separated", and called "two Yang". ^[33-34] ^[38]

Introduced poplar taro

In the first month of the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), Yang Yuchun, in order to suppress the uprising of Xianggong in Nanshan, Shaanxi, put troops in Brick Ping and Pingli Mountain, because the army was short of food, and led the soldiers to plant in the mountain Potatoes , present Shaanxi Langao County The "official Garden" is its remains. The local people once called the potato "Yang taro" to commemorate the introduction of Yang Yuchun. Later, "Yang taro" was mistaken as "potato" and became one of the main grains in the mountains. ^[44]

Strict governance of the family

Yang Yuchun managed his family properly and strictly. His strict requirements and discipline of his children were also well-known in the ruling and opposition parties at that time. According to history, Yang Yuchun "nature is stern and Yi, governing the family has the law, but friends under the control, then modest retreat and mild, not to Jue proud, not to merit self-destruction, so the court and the opposition have no idle words" ^[4] . ^[46]

Yang Yuchun is very strict with his children's education, so that "the children are very strict with their family traditions." ^[4] . Yang Yuchun has a younger brother and two sons. Younger brother Yang Fengchun has been with it in the army, after the promotion to the general. Yang Guozuo, the eldest son, also inherited his father's business and served in the military camp. Second son Yang Guozhen "Little suave, drinking unruly", Yang Yuchun on his discipline is the most strict, in his work is also the most, so that he gradually got rid of the bad habits, and study hard, and later to the township examination. ^[46]

At the end of Jiaqing, Yang Guozhen served as governor of Anhui Yingzhou Prefecture. At that time, his brother Yang Guozuo also introduced to the guard. Emperor Jiaqing considered that the two brothers had not met their father for a long time, so he "and the son leave. Pay a visit to one's parents ". At that time, Yang Yuchun was leading troops stationed in Guyuan, Gansu Province. So, the two brothers traveled thousands of miles from the capital to Guyuan camp to visit their father. Yang Yuchun learned that his son new Yingzhou governor, but not in a hurry to take office, but to the military to visit relatives, very dissatisfied, then ordered not to enter the camp. When Yang Guozhen arrived at the camp gate, he was stopped by the guards and was not allowed to enter. After Yang Guozuo into the camp, kneel father to allow his brother into the camp. Yang Yuchun considered for a long time before letting the guards pass. He met his son in the military court and publicly accused him of having negative royal grace. Yang Guozhen quickly stripped his head and apologized. Yang Yuchun said to him seriously: "I started martial arts, on the promotion to this point, incomparable, often afraid of old do not know the report." How did you begin my life and forget it?" He ordered the punishment of the scepter. The present "civil and military officials to kowtow and beg", and Yang Yuchun resolutely refused, after the rod punishment, all of them "are terrible." In the early years of Daoguang, Yang Guozhen was appointed as a special envoy to Yunnan, and before taking up his post, he bid farewell to Emperor Daoguang. Emperor Daoguang half-jokingly said to him, "It's good." If there is something to be said, let the father know." It can be seen that even the Daoguang emperor also knows the strict family law of Yang Yuchun. ^[46]

It was under Yang Yuchun's strict education that Yang Guozhen made rapid progress. He tried his best to serve the country, successively serving as governor of Henan and Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, "all the officials are sound". ^[4] Did not live up to his father's ardent expectations. ^[46]

Answer the light

Once, when Yang Yuchun entered the pilgrimage, Emperor Daoguang asked, "Do you still read books when you are at leisure?" Yang Yuchun replied: "Minister can't read." Emperor Daoguang then asked, "Do you drink alcohol?" Again answered: "Minister is not good at drinking." The emperor asked, "How do you amuse yourself?" Yang Yuchun said: "Listen to the drums, storytelling " Dao Guang Di said: "I heard that books are good, but what should I do about business?" Yang Yuchun thought: "The matter of money valley Hansi , Criminal law Leave the matter to standard Leave military and political matters to him Te Town I just need assembly That's enough." Upon hearing this, Emperor Daoguang was overjoyed and said, "True Governor!" ^[50]

You know when you're gonna die

When Yang Yuchun was dying, he knew that he was going to die Su Tingyu Make a visit. He leaves the room to meet and hand A surname Give it to Suttingyu, and ask Suttingyu to play for him. At that time, Yang Yuchun was still safe and sound, so Su Tingyu repeatedly refused, and finally had to take the piano back home. That night, Yang Yuchun died. Ge Xu survives in Anecdotes of famous people in Qing Dynasty "In the exclamation:" Is not born from the Ye?" ^[31]

Interpersonal relationship

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relation	name	intro
Five generations ancestor	Yang Ming	At the end of the Ming Dynasty Ninfan .
Great grandfather	Yang Sung-Jo (Yizu-Ri Jo)	A gift Mitsuroku .
great-grandfather	Yang Zongxian	Gift to Doctor Kuanglu.
grandfather	Red bayberry	Gift to Doctor Kuanglu.
father	Yang Tingdong	Gift to Doctor Kuanglu.
mother	Lee	Lady Feng Tai.
Younger brother	Yang Fengchun	Official to Caozhou town, Yanzhou town Commander in chief .
mate	Tian Shi	seal First class lady First lady.
Eldest son	Yang Guozuo	Official to Sichuan Maozhou camp City , add Deputy general PRRRRR.
Second son	Yang Guodong	Attack a Zhao yong Hou, official to Governor of Minzhe .
grandson	Yang Xu	A surname intergrowth .
	Yang Xi	In order to favour Ministry of Punishment Be in charge of .
	Yang Jie	By your grace Guerrilla warfare .
	Yang Yan	Life is unknown.
	Yang Xuan	Life is unknown.

Table Reference: ^[4] ^[27-28] ^[49]

Major work

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Yang Yuchun is the author of 13 volumes of "Military Preparation for Victory", the photocopy of which is now in Chongzhou City Museum in Sichuan Province. ^[48] There are also articles such as "The eldest son Guozuo Family Letter". ^[78]

memorialize

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Relic

Kung Bofu (2 photos)

Sichuan Provincial Museum has "Yang Zhong Wu Hou Xuanqin Jiqing Picture" painted by painter Hu Xueyu, depicting Yang Yuchun's life story; It also includes Daoguang Emperor's imperial pen inscriptions, imperial stele four, Yang Yuchun's portrait in Ziguangge, Yang Yuchun's approval of the old home, and the oracle text. ^{[51
]}

Mansion house

Kung Pao Prefecture, i.e Chongzhou City Museum , located in Sichuan Province Chongzhou City It was the general residence of Yang Yuchun, built in the thirteenth year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1833), and is the only existing senior official residence of Qing Dynasty in Sichuan Province. ^[61]

statue

Chongzhou City also has "Yanghou Island" and the statue of Yang Yuchun on the island, in order to express the memorial to him. ^[48]

rubellite

West of Shuangliu County, Sichuan Kinma River The east coast of the Eraser rock, its name from Yang Yuchun. It is said that during the reign of Daoguang, after Yang Yuchun was given the rank of Marquis, he once rode from Chengdu to his hometown to worship his ancestors, and when he disembarked here, he accidentally knocked off his gauze cap at the slope of the bank and bruised his ear. From then on, the people called the place "rub ear Rock". ^[78]

Character dispute

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Since the Qing Dynasty, it is generally believed that Yang Yuchun's ethnic group is The Han nationality . The Yang clan in Macheng, Hubei once included the ancestors of Yang Yuchun into the" Huguang fills Sichuan "Among the immigrants. And Yang Yuchun himself in individual occasions, such as the answer to the Qing emperor, also used to call himself "Han", many later books followed his theory ^{[45
]} . But Yang Yuchun descendant, scholar Yang Zhengbao ^[53] According to the relevant historical materials, including Yang's music plate and the oral biography of Yang's family, two points of view are put forward: first, Yang's ancestors lived in Chongqing, Sichuan, and were not the immigrants from South China who later "filled Sichuan with Huguang"; 2. Yang Yuchun is a descendant of Diqiang in Northwest China. ^{[52
]}

Historical data index

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EDITOR

Letter of Letters from the Military Department of Emperor Guanglu to the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, First Class Zhaoyong Marquis Zhongwu and Yang Gong God Monument ^[27]

Epitaph on Yang Zhongwu Duke, Dauphin Guanglu, Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. ^[28]

Chronicle of Yang Zhongwu

Annals of Yang Zhongwu

Anecdotes of Celebrities in the Qing Dynasty · Will Lue · Yang Beard Song ^[6]

" Draft of Qing Dynasty history · Volume 347 · Biography 134 ^[4]

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