Xing 'an Mountains

The Greater Khingan Mountains Mountain range The Inner Khingan Mountains The West Hinggan Mountains. locate Inner Mongolia The northeast of the autonomous region and the north of Heilongjiang Province. Heading northeast to southwest, it is a famous mountain in China. Northeast from the south bank of Heilongjiang and The Erguna River South ends at Chifeng Mountain Within the city The West Lamuron River The upper Valley. It is 1,400 kilometers long, 200 kilometers wide and covers an area of 327,200 square kilometers. The altitude is 1000-1600 meters, and the highest is 2000 meters. is Inner Mongolia Plateau with Songliao plain And internal, Outflow drainage The importance of Demarcation line To regulate the climate, conserve water, stability Ecological balance Ensuring agricultural and animal husbandry production on both sides of the mountain has a significant impact.

The mountains in the east are steep and dangerous, the ladder terrain is significant, and the west is gentle and gradually disappears into the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The mountain is more rounded, the ridge is not obvious, and the top of the mountain is smooth. There are large areas in the mountains Low mountain Hill and Intermontane basin Intermountain alluvial one Diluvial plain Valley plain, etc. Mountains have more precipitation, Evaporation capacity Small, moist all year round, conducive to forest development. Forest cover rate More than 60%. There are Xing 'an larch Mainly coniferous forest belt and White birch dominant Broad-leaved forest Belt, is an important forestry production base in China, known as" Green treasure house "Said. ^[1]

Beautiful, rich, simple, natural, without any pollution The Greater Khingan Mountains Forest area, located in the northernmost border of the motherland, her east stretching thousands of miles Lesser Khingan Mountains There are many large grasslands such as Hulunbuir, and South Da is fertile and rich Songnen plain , North and Russia The Union faces each other across the river, in the mountains, the forest, the mighty territory of 80,000 miles, a rough.

amur Greater Khingan Mountains region It is the northernmost and largest modernization in China State-owned forest area With a total area of 84,600 square kilometers, equivalent to 1 Austria Or 137 Singapore . forest Standing volume 501 million cubic meters. It accounts for 7.8% of the country's total stock volume, with a total area of 84,600 square kilometers, a total population of 510,000, and a border length of 791.5 kilometers under its jurisdiction Tahe River , the desert, Huma Mixian, Gagdach , Pine Ridge, Tan Lam , At one's call Four districts and ten Forestry bureau .

Inner Mongolia The Greater Khingan Mountains Key state-owned forest areas It is one of the four state-owned forest areas in China Hulunbuir City, Hinggan League Nine banner cities, under the jurisdiction of 19 forestry bureaus. The total area of forestry main ecological functional area is 106,700 square kilometers, accounting for 46% of the whole Greater Khingan Mountains; Forest area 81,700 square kilometers, Standing tree The total storage volume is 887 million cubic meters, and the forest storage volume is 747 million cubic meters, ranking first in the national state-owned forest area. At present, 70% of the forest is classified as a national priority and general Public welfare forest We have implemented completely closed protection and restricted development, of which 1.1 million hectares have never been developed Virgin forest Eight national and provincial nature reserves totaling 1.24 million hectares. Inner Mongolia yakeshi The city is the political, economic and cultural center of the Greater Hinggan Mountains.

The Greater Khingan Mountains region is located in the northern border of the motherland, bordering the Lesser Khingan Mountains to the east and facing the south Chifeng Mountain with Xilin Gol League It faces the Russian Federation across the river to the west and north. The altitude of the mountain is 300-700 meters, cold in winter and warm in summer, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. Annual mean temperature Minus 2.8 degrees Celsius, Minimum temperature Minus 52.3℃, frost-free period 90-110 days, annual average precipitation 746 mm, genus Cold temperate zone Continental monsoon climate .

Heilongjiang Greater Hinggan Mountains area, the total area of 84,600 square kilometers, population of 550,000, three counties and four districts 10 forestry Bureau, Greater Khinganling Land Committee, Administrative office He Forestry Group company is based in Gagdaqi.

The Great Khingan Mountains is the only remaining piece of pure land, covered with vast forests, known as the "green treasure" reputation. Among them, the Greater Khingan Mountains in Heilongjiang has a forest area of 6.4636 million hectares, and a storage of living trees of 529 million cubic meters, of which, Timber forest 440 million cubic meters of storage, Forest coverage rate It is 75.16%. There are... in the district Wild animal Over 390 species, Plant resources 966 species, a large amount of underground Mineral resources There are 18.34 million mu of five famine resources, and 4 million mu of natural grassland can be used within the territory Basin area It's 710 square kilometers.

In the past 50 years of development and construction of the Great Khingan Mountains area in Heilongjiang Province, the people in the forest area have carried forward the fearless spirit of breaking through the high-cold forbidden zone and selfless dedication, and made great contributions to the modernization of the motherland. By the end of 1999, the cumulative completion Investment in fixed assets 8.8 billion yuan, forming wood Productive capacity 5.44 million cubic meters, cumulatively provided to the state Merchantable timber 103.2 million cubic meters, Pay profits and taxes 3.34 billion yuan. In March 1996, with the approval of the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Planning Commission and the Commission for Restructuring the Economic System, Daxing 'anling Forestry Group Company Officially established, is the first 100 established in the country Modern enterprise system One of the pilot enterprises is also implemented by the state Natural forest protection project One of the key state-owned forest areas. There are 21 large and medium-sized enterprises in the Group, and the total assets have reached more than 8.87 billion yuan. In order to speed up the pace of economic development in forest areas, rapid change of a single Economic structure In consolidating the position of the foundation of the forest, stability Wood production At the same time, relying on the advantages of forest resources, vigorously develop forest products industry, diversification , Local industry , agriculture and township enterprises. The forest product industry is developing in the direction of intensive processing, and 109 enterprises have been built. Wood processing Capacity reached 1.216 million cubic meters, the main products are materials, wood-based panels, floor plates, paper pulp, sanitary chopsticks and other 7 categories of more than 140 varieties. Diversified business areas continue to expand, has built 701 enterprises, products up to 9 categories of more than 200 varieties, among which, Coal production capacity Up to 1 million tons, the gold production capacity of 100,000 taels, ranking first in Heilongjiang Province gold producing cities. Local industries have developed a good momentum of rapid growth through technological transformation. Northern Marvel Series products , from the rong health wine, Hengyou Panel furniture And other famous products sell well at home and abroad. Township enterprises have achieved leapfrog development for five consecutive years. With no pollution, no fertilizer Green product As raw materials of Chinese, American and Taiwanese capital Radix astragali God Limited company, Lixue essence starch Limited liability company Such as the rapid rise of leading enterprises. Potatoes detoxication Research on potato planting has achieved fruitful results. Agriculture has become the fastest growing industry in the region Ecological agriculture Step forward in the direction.

Lofty Xing 'an Mountains, green forest. There are 7.3 million hectares of forest land in the Greater Khingan Mountains region of Heilongjiang, with a forest coverage rate of 74.1%, in the vast green ocean Multiply and prosper Cold temperate zone Red deer , Reindeer , moose (He reaches he), Sika deer , Brown bear , sable , pterosaur , Pheasant , stick chicken, Swan , roe Roe deer, wild boar, Snow Hare And more than 400 kinds of rare birds and exotic animals, Wild plant More than 1000 species, become China High latitude A rare wild animal in the region, Botanical paradise . Among the thousands of mountains and valleys, more than 20 rivers, such as the Gan River, Dobukur, Naduri, Huma and Emur, flow into the Heilongjiang River, the mother river of the people in the border areas. Abundant here sturgeon , Chera , microscale Precious cold water fish such as river snow fish. It is described as "beating deer with sticks to scoop fish and pheasant flying into the rice pot" Wildlife resources It's really too much.

The Greater Khingan Mountains is the highest latitude region in China, and the tourist attractions of the Greater Khingan Mountains can be reached from the west of Gagdaqi Gaxian Cave Travel, but also enjoy The Oroqen nationality , The Daur nationality , The Mongolian nationality The folk customs; Go north to" Arctic Village - Mohe tourism, you can also go to Huma, Manzhouli Border between China and Russia Frontier travel In addition, it is accompanied by grassland Tours among the mountains of the Greater Hinggan Mountains ( Hulunbuir Grassland Xingan League Wulan Maudu Grassland Etc.), is also a good place to experience folklore and pleasing to the eye. Wetland tour, there are Huzhong cold temperate forest National nature reserve , Nanweng River wetland National Nature Reserve, Dobkul River Rafting, Shibazhan Site And other kinds of forest ecology Tourism project The Greater Khingan Mountains Tourism resources It's very rich. ^[2]

Mohe County Arctic Village A small border village located in the northernmost part of China, known as "Arctic Village", "Arctic Village", A city that never sleeps "Said. Is national viewing Northern Lights and White Night Wonderful scenery The best part of the residential houses are mostly brick and tile structure bungalows, and there are still some" Wood carving "Type Log cabin . At the North Pole Village Northern Sentinel , Shenzhou North Pole , ancient water well, Japanese puppet power plant site The northernmost first one, etc. Per annum Summer solstice During the festival, the Summer Solstice Festival is held near the river Bonfire party Singing and dancing all night long.

Every time around the summer solstice, there are nearly 20 hours to see the sun, this is often said Polar day If you are lucky, you will also see the colorful Northern Lights.

Lesser Khingan Mountains It is located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province, China, at 46°28 'to 49°21' north latitude, 127°42 'to 130°14' east longitude. The north is bounded by the central route of Heilongjiang, and Russia Facing each other across the river, the 249.5 km long border is an important gateway to China's northeast frontier. Forestry operation area is 3.86 million hectares.

The Lesser Khingan Mountains belong to the low mountains and hills, and the geographical feature is "eight mountains, half water, half grass and one field". Northern multiplatform, Broad valley ; The central low mountains and hills, the mountain is gentle; The south is a low mountain, the mountain is steeper. The highest peak is mesa It is 1,429 meters above sea level. west Iron force The city is located in Songnen Plain, the terrain is wavy.

northeast Lesser Khingan Mountains Is our country's green treasure house, key forest area. There is a wealth of plant and animal resources, vast virgin forest, almost unadorned is a magnificent natural park. It is second only to Yunnan in number of plant species Tropical rainforest . The main tree species are Korean pine , spruce , Yellow pineapple , Ash tree , Manchurian walnut Birch, elm, Tilia, etc Woody plant 26 families, 53 genera, 114 species; Monkey head , Sewant mushrooms , agaric , fern Dishes, hazelnut , Pine nut More than 200 kinds of Mountain vegetable Wild fruit; Ginseng, Reishi, acanthopanax , Schisandra chinensis , astragalus More than 500 kinds of wild herbs. Forest district Animal resources Rich, mainly include: Black bear , Boar , deer, roe deer, badger, fox, flying dragon, pheasant, Wood frog And various fish .

Lesser Khingan Mountains Forest resources Rich, known" Hometown of red pine "Said. The underground is rich in minerals, most notably gold.

The forest is densely forested with many tree species. There are 2.8 million hectares of forest land, Forest cover rate It is 72.6%, and the total storage volume of living trees is 240 million cubic meters. Forest type It is mainly red pine Mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest . The main tree species are red pine, spruce, fir , Xing 'an larch , Mongolian pine Manchurian willow, yellow pineapple, walnut mountain, poplar, Tilia, birch, elm, etc., vine shrubs throughout the whole Working area .

The forests and ravines of the Lesser Khingan Mountains inhabit Manchurian tiger Red deer, moose, black bear, wild boar, lynx , Hare , squirrel, mink Etc. beasts More than 50 species, Birds There are Hazel grouse , ptarmigan , Chinese merganser , Golden eagle , woodpecker , Owl , cuckoo More than 220 kinds of etc. There are more than 320 kinds of wild herbs in the mountains, among which Velvet deer horn , Bear gall , Musk, Rana japonica oil , Ginseng, Acanthopanax, Schisandra, three needles, codonopsis Astragalus, Rhododendron xinganensis And so on are very valuable. The Lesser Khingan Mountains are still wild fruits, Wild vegetable A fertile area. There are Pine seed , Corylus heterophylla , hickory , sorb , Amur grape grape , Kiwi fruit , persimmon , Indigo fruit More than 30 kinds of mountain fruits such as strawberries; There are mushrooms, fungus, Hericium hericium , Spiny shoot , waterlily , Monkey leg More than 20 kinds of wild vegetable resources, such as bracken, have been collected and utilized, and the development and utilization potential is huge.

There are more than 20 kinds of gold, silver, iron, lead, zinc, aluminum, tin and other metal deposits in Xiaoxing Anling, which have been proved Metal deposit , Ore occurrence There are more than 100 sites, among which the gold reserves rank first in Heilongjiang Province. Nonmetallic mineral Resource distribution More widely. There are limestone , marble, Agate Stone, stone, purple clay, peat, perlite , Crystal Stone, lignite 25 kinds, more than 140 mineral points.

The majestic Lesser Khingan Mountain stretches undulating for thousands of miles. beautiful Tangwang River Rippling green waves, flowing color; Big, lush forests, The mountains are green . Here, the winter is long and the summer is short, the daily temperature difference is large, and the climate changes greatly. The climate characteristics of the four seasons in the forest create a unique landscape: flowers in the snow in spring, cool land in summer, and autumn Five Flowers Mountain Color, winter white world. According to this, the four seasons health tourism can be carried out in spring, summer, autumn, mountain scenery and winter snow. Here not only the four seasons bring you a different scene, that is, every day, every hour is a myriad of weather, making the heart ebb and flow: morning view of the north sea of clouds, evening look lying tiger sun twilight, clear sky, the rain in the mountains. After the rain, the sky was clear, and the whole mountain was submerged in a rolling sea of fog, and the top of the mountain was exposed like a huge one Whale Back, like a fairy island in the sea, and like a sacred mountain in the snow, showing the powerful irresistible force of nature. ^[3]

In Russian it is called Stanov Mountains It is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. from Qin and Han Dynasties From the north of China nomad , include careful , Xianbei (a county in Shanxi Province) Mongolian, Khitan, Jurchen, Oroqen, etc., lived in this area. A small number of Han Chinese also moved here during the Qing Dynasty.

Seventeenth century Tsarist Russia the Cossack in Siberia Expand, in The Outer Hinggan Mountains Heilongjiang basin Armed conflict with the Qing inhabitants. Russia and Qing signed the Sino-Russian Agreement on September 7, 1689 The Treaty of Nerchinsk ". The Treaty of Nerchinsk stipulates that: south of the Outer Hinggan Mountains, The Gerpitzi River And the entire Amur basin east of the Erguna River to the sea, Wusuli River The basin of the land, all belong to China, outside the Hinggan mountains and Oudie Between the area, temporary storage, to be discussed later. The contents of the Treaty of Nerchinsk have been used The Manchu script , Chinese, Mongolian, Russian and Latin Five languages were carved into the boundary tablets. The treaty clearly demarcated the eastern and western borders of China and Russia, legally affirming that the Amur and Ussuri River basins included Sakhalin The vast area is China's territory. ^[4]

However, after entering the 19th century, the ambition of Tsarist Russia revived, constantly invaded northeast China, and illegally occupied the lower Heilongjiang region of China Sakhalin And then advanced to the middle reaches of the Amur River. compel Qing government In 1858 (Qing Xianfeng eight years) signed the unequal "China and Russia. Treaty of Aihui The boundary between China and Russia was moved from the outer Hinggan Mountains south to Heilongjiang, making more than 600,000 square kilometers north of Heilongjiang and south of the Outer Hinggan Mountains Chinese territory be Russia Annex. Since then, the name of the Outer Hinggan Mountains has disappeared from the territory of China.