Paphiopsida bilobata

Cymbidium diphyllum was introduced in 1753 Karl von Linnaeus First classified as Red door Orchid The scientific name is" Orchis cucullata ". Subsequently, diphyllum was transferred to Chirocheta ( Gymnadenia ), Yufenghua ( Habenaria ), Lizard Orchid ( Himantoglossum It was later placed in 1919 Paphiophidia L ( Neottianthe ) in. A 2014 molecular phylogenetic study found that Paphiophidia L ( Neottianthe ), Anaphylla L ( Amitostigma ) and Rhodophyllum L ( Ponerorchis The species are mixed in a clade so that none of the three genera is a restricted monophyletic genus. The genera Paphiotophyllum and Anoplecta are grouped together in the genus Rhodophyllum, and the scientific name of the species is "Microphyllum". Ponerorchis cuculata ". ^[8-9]

The plant is 4-24 cm tall. The tuber is spherical or ovate, 1-2 cm long. Stem erect or suberect, base with 1-2 cylindroid sheath, with 2 subopposite leaves, often with 1-4 small, lanceolate, acuminate sterile bracts above the leaves. ^[7]

raceme A few to more than 10 flowers, often to one side; Bracts lanceolate, erect spreading, apex acuminate, lowermost longer than ovary or flower; Ovary cylindrical fusiform, 5-6 mm long, twisted, slightly arcing, glabrous; Flowers purplish red or pink; The sepals are closely attached to each other in synthetic pockets, 5-7 mm long and 3-4 mm wide; Sepals 5-6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, apex acute, 1-veined; Lateral sepals obliquely falcate lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, base 1.8 mm wide, apex acute, 1-veined.

petal Lanceolate linear, ca.5 mm long x 0.5 mm wide, apex acute, 1-veined, adnate with sepals; Lip spread forward, 7-9 mm long, upper and margin fine mastoid, base cuneate, middle 3-lobed, lateral lobes linear, apex acute, 1-veined, middle lobes longer and slightly wider than lateral lobes, 0.8 mm wide, tapered toward apex, apex blunt, 3-veined; Tapered from a fine cylinder, 4-5 mm long, curved forward in the middle, nearly U-shaped. Flowering August - September. ^[4-5]

It is born at an altitude of 400-4100 meters on the hillside in the forest or grassland. Produced in China Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi (north of Qinling), Gansu, Qinghai, Anhui, Zhejiang (Taishun (Wuyanling)), Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, western Sichuan, northwest Yunnan, east to south Tibet. It is also found in the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Northwestern Ria of Russia, Central Asia, Mongolia, Western Europe, and Nepal. Type specimens were collected from Siberia, Russia. ^{[4-5] [10 ]}

Orchids generally grow in the mountainside valley wall of deep mountains, sloping slopes or stone gaps with good water permeability and water retention, beside sparse mountain grasses, and under the shadow of secondary mixed wood forests. Or where there is shade, short daylight hours or only scattered light leakage. Where the air is humid and air can circulate, it is sometimes born on a cliff beside a mountain stream. Orchids should be planted in an air circulation environment. Sex like Yin, avoid direct sunlight, like wet, avoid dry, 15℃ to 30℃ is the most suitable growth. Poor growth above 35℃. The cold below 5℃ will affect its growth, at this time, orchids are often in a dormant state. If the temperature is too high and the sun is exposed, the leaves will burn or scorch within a day or two. If the temperature is too low and not transferred into the house in time, there will be frostbite. Orchids are succulent roots, suitable for the use of humus-rich sandy loam, drainage performance must be good, should be used to rot leaf soil or humus more mountain soil. Slightly acidic loose soil or iron-containing soil, pH value of 5.5-6.5 is appropriate. ^[2]

It can be carried out in spring and autumn, and is generally divided every three years. Where the plant growth is robust, the pseudocorm dense can be divided into plants, after the division of each bundle to preserve at least 5 linked together pseudocorms. Before dividing the plant, reduce irrigation and make the basin soil less than. After the plant is divided, the pot is first covered with broken tiles on the bottom hole, and then put coarse stones, occupying 1/5 to 1/4 of the depth of the pot, and then put coarse-grained soil and a small amount of fine soil, and then planted with sandy loam rich in humus. Planting depth to just bury the false bulb in the soil, leave 2 cm along the edge of the basin, spread green cloud grass or fine stones, and finally pour water, put in the shade for 10-15 days, keep the soil moist, gradually reduce watering, normal maintenance. ^[2]

LAN Pengqi Lanfang Should choose the place with the back west to the east, the southeast direction is empty, and the west direction has a high wall or a big tree. Can see the first sun, but also can block the sun. Courtyards with clean ambient air and guaranteed humidity. Pay attention to ventilation, exposure, avoid the sun, smoke and so on. If built on the roof or floor balcony, in addition to the above shade, the northwest direction of the main hanging curtain to prevent the afternoon sunset oblique burn grass leaves. It is best to use mud floor or clear water pool under the orchid shed to keep the air around the orchid shed moist. And pay attention to clean the ground to prevent the breeding of pests and diseases. When the outdoor temperature drops to about 0 ° C, the orchid pot must be moved indoors to prevent frostbite. If the weather is fine in winter, the temperature in the orchid house can exceed 15 ° C, but the room temperature drops in rainy and snowy weather, at this time, the temperature should be heated and illuminated to keep the room temperature at 15 ° C. No need to heat at night, keep 5℃. Warming can be carried out in late autumn and early winter to encourage the full maturity of new plants in the current year. After mid-December to the end of January, there is no need to warm, keep the room temperature not less than 5 ° C, and allow its vegetative growth to be very slow. From February onwards, humidification, heating, and full light make orchids enter the growth period in advance. After heating, the new buds germinated in advance, and the new buds were unearthed 45 days after heating. After another 90 days, the plant will become mature. By the middle of June, the second new shoots were unearthed, thus achieving the effect of two batches of new shoots in one year. When heating in winter, attention should be paid to adding light, but it must not be heated continuously for 24 hours so that there is no temperature difference. In addition, the heating should not be too high, more than 25 ° C is harmful but not beneficial. ^[2]

Upper basin (or upturning The time is generally in the spring March-April or autumn October-November. Flowerpots with small mouths, deep POTS and large bottom holes are best. Fresh wild seedlings dug up from the mountains need to be replanted Earthen pot In this way, the orchid mud is easy to dry and has good ventilation. Easy to root out; Only after 2-3 years can the purple sand basin or porcelain basin be replaced. The method of orchid planting (in the pot) is different from the general flowers, especially the famous orchids, and the roots must be washed. Methods Immerse the root in clean water, wash gently with an old toothbrush or brush, do not exert too much force to hurt the root; Use scissors to cut off residual leaves, yellow leaves, broken roots, black and rotten roots, taking care not to hurt the buds. Then put the treated plants in a cool and ventilated place to dry, and when the roots are white and show fine wrinkles and soft, then implant in the pot. ^[2]

Method one After preparing the orchid pot and plant material, put the orchid plant upside down (root on top, leaf on bottom) under the faucet and rinse with slow water, but the water pressure should not be too strong, so as not to hurt the orchid root and leaf. Grab the orchid head with the thumb and index finger, the little finger against the rim of the basin, and fix the root with bamboo chopsticks. When put into the basin, try not to let the root touch the basin wall. Pour a bean-sized mixture of gravel into the bottom one-third of the way down. Then pour in medium plant material to four fifths, filling and leaving as little room as possible. Remove the bamboo chopsticks and shake the plant in the pot. Fill with solid plant material, then fill with large grain plant material to 1.5 cm from the rim of the basin. Finally, pour in the bean seed, so that the false bulbs are all buried in the soil, and then shake fully. Lightly press the plant material with a soil press tool and smooth the surface. After planting, it is better to have the plant slightly higher in the center in the pot. ^[2]

Method 2 Pay attention to the drainage of the basin floor, the mud basin is filled with broken tiles, and the purple sand basin must be covered with perforated nylon gauze. Before planting, lay coarse stones in the basin, accounting for about 2/5 of the depth of the basin, coarse stone cultivation soil, 3-5 cm thick, and then put in bluegrass. When on the pot, pay attention to the roots to self-spread, can not curl. When planting famous bluegrass, be sure to put the old grass aside and the new grass in the center, so that there is room for new grass. When planting, hold the orchid grass in the left hand, add mud to the right hand (to prevent soil penetration into the leaf center), and then lift the orchid slightly to make the root stretch naturally. Then add soil while shaking the pot, so that soil and roots close contact. Then press the soil around the stem by hand, and finally make the basin slightly steamed bun shape (that is, slightly lower around the middle). It is covered with a layer of moss or fine stones, which makes the basin less prone to compaction and reduces water evaporation. After serving, water immediately. The first watering should be adequate. Finally, place the Lampoon in the shade. It is not appropriate to directly bask in the sun within a month, and control watering, it should not be too wet, and the place to be placed in the future should be chosen in the half Yin and half Yang, ventilated and airy, and the place to shine to the sun in the morning. ^{[2] [6]}

Watering in the peak period of orchid growth, once the water shortage in summer, the pot orchid growth is poor, orchids need eight dry, two wet. Watering should be in line with the principle of "dry watering, wet stop, appropriate dry". Water must be fully poured, do not water half. The frequency of watering depends on the plant material. Such as volcanic stone, red brick grain, floating water stone and other hard hydrophobic plant, water supply once a day; Pond mud, humus and other water-absorbing plants can be supplied once every two or three days. Watering is generally carried out in the early morning or evening, do not water and pour at noon. It should be clean and pollution-free, slightly acidic water (pH 5.5-6.5). Orchid root rot, leaf surface appeared black spots, leaf bud rot and other pathologies, mostly related to improper water supply.

After planting a flower plant, the first watering is called "root water". The root water must be poured thoroughly. Generally after the basin to water twice, the first watering, see water from the bottom of the basin after flowing out, and then pour again. Choose the right watering method. Spraying method is usually used, which can increase the air humidity and wash the dust on the leaf surface. However, for flowers with fluff or flowering leaves, it should not be sprayed, but the whole pot should be placed in the basin, so that the water is not flooded, and the bottom hole of the basin is used to seep water, so that the basin soil is moist. Pay attention to the water temperature. If there is a large difference between the water temperature and the soil temperature (more than 6 ° C), the water is placed indoors for a period of time in winter, or a little warm water, so that the water temperature rises to about 15 ° C before watering the flowers; In summer, water should be avoided in the hot sun and during high noon temperatures. Watering time. In spring, autumn and winter, around 10 am and after 4 PM are the most suitable times to water flowers. ^[2]

Farm manure is a good organic fertilizer, but it must be stacked and decomposed for more than a year to apply. This fertilizer can be used to pour 10-20 times the water, as far as possible along the basin, do not touch the roots, do not touch the orchid leaves. When applying fertilizer, pay attention to the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and strictly control the concentration, and Ye Yi Miao should be controlled chlorophyll It is not appropriate to apply nitrogen fertilizer, nor to apply fertilizers containing manganese and magnesium (such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc.), because manganese and magnesium can accelerate the synthesis of chlorophyll for floriculture orchid, if the cultivation of large-petal flowers, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied. Foliar spraying fertilizer mainly, foliar spraying fertilizer can absorb and supplement the nutrition of the orchid plant through the leaves, and will not make the fertilizer contact with the root cause fertilizer damage, is a best way for orchids fertilization. As long as in the growth and development period, adhere to about 10 days for a foliary spray fertilizer, can fully raise orchids, do not need to fertilize the pot. 1∶1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1∶1000 borax fertilizer can be used, and aloe vera liquid can also be used. because aloe Contains a large number of polysaccharides and amino acids and other nutrients, and contains more than 20 minerals, can meet the needs of orchid nutrients, and aloe contains remote aloe tincture can almost kill all germs and viruses, no need to apply pesticides after application. Fertilization should be applied frequently and thin, eat less and eat more: orchids need less fertilizer in the development and growth period, and for robust orchid plants with strong growth, thin liquid fertilizer can be applied every 10-15 days. Mainly natural organic matter. Natural organic fertilizer nutrient elements are more comprehensive, no need to apply other fertilizers, and temperament is peaceful, no side effects on plants, and fertilizer is easy to make the matrix, and most of the fertilizers are acidic, long-term application will cause the matrix acid, cause disease. ^[2]

Usually on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, and less often on the stem, there are raised blisters containing yellow, orange, rusty, or even purplish-black powdery spores. Rust is not fatal and does not kill the leaves, but it weakens the growth of the plant. In addition to cutting the diseased leaves, 65% zinc powder can be used to spray 500-600 times liquid or copper-containing fungicide. ^[2]

Most occur in the season of mildew and rain. At the beginning of the disease, the leaf base is covered with white silk. Causes root rot. Control method: Remove the soil with bacterial basin, sprinkle with pentachloronitrobenzene powder or lime. Radical treatment: pay attention to ventilation and light, basin soil drainage is good. Serious diseased plants are burned. ^[2]

It occurs all year round, especially in the hot and rainy season. The lesion first extends from the tip of the leaf to the root, is brown at first, and then gradually expands and increases, there are many dry black spots, which lead to the death of the whole plant in severe cases. Prevention and treatment methods: In addition to actively changing the environmental conditions, during the onset period, 50% methyltolbuzine wettable powder 800-1500 times liquid spray can be used, once every 7-10 days; Then supplemented with 1% equivalent Bordeaux solution, once every half month, continuous spray 3-5 times.

Commonly known as "blue lice". In the case of high temperature and humidity, the air flow is not smooth, the fastest reproduction. It can be treated with 1% dimethoate or 1500 times 50% mala sulfur spray during incubation period. If the number of POTS is not much, it can also be manually brushed off. ^[2]

Whole grass (Baibu Fuyang Dan) : Gan, Ping. Awake brain back to Yang, activating blood to disperse stasis, bone and muscle. For traumatic shock, bruising injury, fracture.

[Mongolian Medicine] Treating traumatic coma, trauma injury, fracture "Mongolian Herbal medicine Annals". ^[3]

Listed in CITES Appendix II. ^[4]