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Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

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Dr. Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum, the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units
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Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum is located in Jiangsu Province Nanjing Xuanwu District Purple Mountain Southern foothill Zhongshan Scenic Spot He was a great forerunner of the democratic revolution in modern China Sun Yat-sen Mr. Mausoleum and its attached memorial complex, the mausoleum area of more than 80,000 square meters, started in the spring of 1926, to the summer of 1929 completed [47] .
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in front of the Pingchuan, back with green peaks, east Linggoksa , our western neighbour Ming mausoleum The whole building group is built according to the mountain, gradually rising along the central axis from south to north. The main buildings include Bo Ai Fang, tomb road, tomb gate, stone steps, stone pavilion, memorial hall and tomb chamber, etc., which are arranged on a central axis, reflecting the style of traditional Chinese architecture. From the air, it looks like a "freedom bell" lying flat on a green pile blanket. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum architecture integrates the essence of ancient Chinese and Western architecture, solemn and simple, do not innovate [48] .
All the buildings of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum have achieved excellent results in form combination, color application, material expression and detail treatment. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum music stage , Guanghua Pavilion , Flow pavilion , Yangzhiting , Depository of Buddhist Sutras , Xingjian Pavilion , Yongfeng Society , Yongmulu , Zhongshan Academy Such as the buildings around the mausoleum, forming the main landscape of the Mausoleum scenic area, the harmonious unity of colors has enhanced the solemn atmosphere, both profound meaning, and magnificent momentum, and are masterpieces of architectural masters, with high artistic value, known as" Modern Chinese architecture The first mausoleum in history." [42] .
In 1961, the Mausoleum was declared by The State Council as One of the first key cultural relics under national protection [46] ; In 1982, it was listed as National scenic spot ; In 1991, it was listed by the National Tourism Administration Top 40 tourist attractions in China ; In 2007, it was listed as the first batch National AAAAA tourist attraction ; In 2016, selected as the first batch of" Chinese architectural heritage of the 20th century Directory [1] .
Chinese name
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Foreign name
The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Geographical position
Nanjing Xuanwu District The southern foot of Purple Mountain
age
The Republic of China
Floor space
About 80,000 m²
Protection level
One of the first key cultural relics under national protection [46]
Opening hours
8:30-17:00, closed on Mondays for maintenance [40]
Approving unit
State Council, People's Republic of China
numbering
1-019-001-019
categorize
Revolutionary sites and revolutionary memorial buildings

catalogue

  1. 1Historical evolution
  2. ▪The death of one's husband
  3. ▪Funeral preparation
  4. ▪Site selection of mausoleum
  5. ▪Mausoleum design
  6. ▪Cemetery construction
  1. ▪Fengan Grand Ceremony
  2. ▪Follow-up management
  3. 2Building layout
  4. 3Main building
  5. ▪Mausoleum architecture
  1. ▪Mausoleum architecture
  2. 4History and culture
  3. ▪An account of an audience at the Tomb
  4. ▪Related story
  5. 5Cultural relics protection
  1. 6Honorary title
  2. 7Tourist information
  3. ▪Admission ticket
  4. ▪traffic

Historical evolution

broadcast
EDITOR

The death of one's husband

Sun Yat-sen died in Peiping
On March 12, 1925, at 9:30 am, Dr. Sun Yat-sen died of gallbladder cancer in Tielion Hutong, Beiping (today's Beijing), causing grief throughout the country. The day before he died, Sun offered to follow suit Lenin Keep the body and ask to be buried Nanjing . Deathbed pair Soong Ching-ling , Wang Jingwei Some people said, "When I die, I can be buried in Nanjing. Purple Mountain Because Nanjing was the place where the provisional government was established, we should not forget the Revolution of 1911."
In fact, as early as March 1912, Sun Yat-sen said to Hu Hanmin while hunting on the Purple Mountain: "After I die, I would like to ask the Chinese people for a cucutta to house the body."
After Sun Yat-sen's death, according to his will, his body was embalmed in Union Hospital and temporarily placed in Biyun Temple, Xiangshan, Beiping, to be buried after the mausoleum was completed Nanjing . It was the dutiful guard of the wake that kept us safe.
Sun Yat-sen had ordered the funeral ceremony and coffin to be modeled after Lenin's format for the public to pay their respects. However, when Sun Yat-sen died, the glass casket presented by the Soviet Union failed to arrive in time, and had to be temporarily placed in a Western-style glass-covered wooden coffin, parked in the stone pagoda of Biyun Temple in Xiangshan in Beiping. On March 30, 1925, when the Soviet government sent a fiberglass coffin, Mr. Sun Yat-sen's body had been in the coffin for more than half a month, due to improper technical reasons at that time, the remains could no longer be viewed by future generations, and had to be buried.
Aerial view of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Funeral preparation

On April 4, 1925, the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Peiping prepared for the burial and elected it Zhang Jingjiang , Wang Jingwei , Linson , Yu Youren , Dai Chuanxian , Yang Shukan , Shao Lizi , Song Ziwen , Kong Xiangxi , Ye Chufen , Lin Huanting , Chen Qubing Twelve people were responsible for Sun Yat-sen's funeral work and prepared for the funeral committee. [42]
On April 18, 1925, the first meeting was held at Zhang Jingjiang's home in Guangrenli, Chengdu Road, Shanghai. It is recorded that from April 18, 1925 to June 18, 1929, the funeral Preparation Committee held 69 meetings, Such important matters as raising funds for Dr Sun Yat-sen's funeral (including funds for the mausoleum project), asking for designs for the mausoleum, selecting contractors for the mausoleum project, reforestation and greening of the mausoleum and lining up of Mr Sun Yat-sen's coffin in Beijing to be buried in Nanjing, etc., were discussed and decided on many occasions by the funeral preparation committee. [42]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Site selection of mausoleum

In April 1925, Soong Ching Ling and others visited the tomb site at Purple Mountain
As early as the first year of the Republic of China (1912), when Sun Yat-sen took office as provisional president in Nanjing, he visited Purple Mountain several times. On March 10, 1912, after Mr. Sun Yat-sen resigned as provisional President, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin and others to Purple Mountain. Seeing the green hills and the river in front of him, he smiled and said, "After I die, I will still be able to dust a handful of dust from a handful of people to house my body." [42]
Dr Sun Yat-sen's coffin temporarily ordered the Biyun Temple. Sun Yat-sen has long said that he hopes to be buried in Purple Mountain after a hundred years, and on the occasion of his death, he will still be buried in Nanjing Purple Mountain to charge his family and the sick. Mr. Sun has a will: "After my death, I can be buried. Purple Mountain Because Nanjing is the seat of the provisional government, I will not forget it Xinhai Revolution Aye." In accordance with Sun Yat-sen's will, the spiritual pivot was temporarily placed in Peiping Xiangshan Mountain Temple of Azure Clouds Inside, the mausoleum was built in Nanjing Zhongshan. Chen Yunhe The poem "Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum" has a famous sentence: "Life is a Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum standing, I have the honor to board the end of your life." [42]
In accordance with Sun Yat-sen's will to be buried in Nanjing Zijin Mountain, before the establishment of the funeral preparatory committee, the Beijing Funeral Office had sent Lin Sen to Nanjing to explore the initial burial site. After Lin Sen returned to Beijing, he reported to the Funeral Office, whose representatives approached Duan Qirui's government. [42]
On April 4, 1925, the Beijing Government Secretary's Office telephoned the Nanjing supervisor Lu Yongxiang , Governor of Jiangsu Korean Jun To take proper care of them. After the establishment of the Funeral Preparation Office, the family members and representatives of the funeral Preparation Office, Lin Huanting and Ye Chucang, first investigated the tomb site and determined the order of work. (1) Determining the site of the tomb; (2) Surveying burial sites; (3) negotiating the enclosure of land; (4) Solicit mausoleum patterns; (5) To decide on the design of the mausoleum; (6) contract work by bidding; (7) Start work. [42]
Zijinshan site selection
On the morning of April 21st, Soong Ching-ling , Sunke They arrived in Beijing (Nanjing) from Shanghai, attended the Nanjing meeting of all walks of life to mourn Sun Yat-sen in the morning, and went to Purple Mountain in the afternoon. First to Hu Shan, which is a hill on the west side of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the terrain is too low to be used as a tomb site, then climbing east to Xiao MAO Mountain, on the way to find two small slopes, both higher than Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, could not make a decision that day. The next day, climb again, from the top of the mountain to Xiaomaoshan Wanfu Temple, this temple is located on a platform northeast of today's Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, seen from the top of the mountain, found Zixia Lake There is also a platform, but the area is small and unusable. Soong Qingling said the tomb site should not be chosen on the top of the mountain, should be built on the southern slope of Pingyang, after field investigation, he returned to Shanghai. [42]
On the evening of April 23, the funeral preparatory Committee held a second meeting to determine the location of Zijinshan Zhongmao hillside as the tomb site, and decided to send director Yang Xingfo to Ning to contact the enclosure, measurement, photography, and preparations for the mausoleum. [42]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Mausoleum design

Zhongshan Mausoleum design second prize, model photo; Third prize, Yang Xizong
At the same time of the site selection and enclosure of the mausoleum, the work of soliciting the design pattern of the mausoleum is also actively carried out.
On May 2, 1925, the funeral committee set the total amount of the prize money at $5,000.
On May 13, the funeral preparation committee passed the "Regulations on soliciting patterns for Mausoleum prizes" drafted by Sun Ke and the architectural consultant to Soong Tzu-wen, the standing committee member responsible for the project.
On May 15, the funeral preparatory committee issued an announcement in the newspaper, asking for the design of the mausoleum in Zhongshan. In the Regulations, the funeral Preparation Committee made provisions on the nature, function, architectural style and building materials of the mausoleums: First, the mausoleums should reflect the "special and commemorative nature"; Secondly, the memorial hall and burial chamber should be easy for the public to enter and worship, and there should be an open space outside the memorial hall for 50,000 people to hold large-scale commemorative activities; Thirdly, the architectural style of the memorial hall must be "ancient Chinese style", or "according to the spirit of Chinese architecture"; Finally, in order to permanently preserve the building, it is required to use stone and steel triad, not brick and wood materials; The regulations also require mausoleums to be simple and solemn, not extravagant.
It was originally scheduled to be closed on August 31 for a period of three and a half months, but was later extended to September 15 due to requests from overseas applicants. [42]
By September 15, a total of more than 40 designs were received, all of which were displayed on the third floor of Shanghai Continental Company. From September 16 to September 20, the funeral Preparation Office invited the evaluation consultant to the showroom to read and judge. Members of the judging committee include all funeral preparation committee members, family representatives, and employ four experts as consultants, namely civil engineers, Nanyang University rector Ling Hongxun , German architect Park Shi, Chinese painter Wang Yiting The sculptor Li Jinfa. [42]
On September 20, 1925, a joint meeting of the funeral preparatory committee and their families was held on the third floor of the Continental Company in Sichuan Road, Shanghai, to judge the application patterns. Present at the meeting were Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke and his wife, Lin Huanting, Ye Chucang, Kong Xiangxi, Chen Ke Bing and Yang Xingfo. The special evaluation consultant also wrote a written evaluation report the day before, and Yang Xingfo reported the evaluation results of the consultants at the meeting. Everyone agreed on the first and second prizes, but there were different views on the third prize. Finally, the list of winners was approved:
Lv Yanzhi design draft
Grand prize Lv Yanzhi ; Second prize Model photo ; Triple prize Yang Xizong . Honorary Awards: 1. Cyrill Nebuskad; 2. Zhao Shen; 3. Francis Kales; 4. C.Y.Anney and W.Frey 5. W.l. Goldenstaedt; 6. Zdanwitch and Goldenstaedt Construction Company, etc. [42]
The winners will be notified by a letter from the funeral preparation committee, and the non-winners will each present a portrait and writings of Sun Yat-sen as a token of appreciation. Meanwhile, in" Republic of China Daily "," declare "And other newspapers to publish the results of the judgment. From September 22 to September 26, the public exhibition was open for five days, and more than 1,000 people came to visit every day. Various Chinese and Western newspapers in Shanghai published articles to comment on the design of the mausoleum as an unprecedented architectural design competition in history. [42]
At 4 PM on September 27, the funeral preparation committee met again at Zhang Jingjiang's home in Guangrenli, Chengdu Road, Shanghai, examined and compared the mausoleum patterns, specifications and valuation tables designed by Lv Yanzhi and Fan Wenzhao, and unanimously decided to adopt the mausoleum patterns designed by Lv Yanzhi, and hired him as the mausoleum architect. [42]
Lv Yanzhi design pattern, the plane is an alarm bell, the meaning of "arousing the people", the appearance of the hall gives people a solemn and solemn sense, the whole building is simple and solid, in line with the Chinese concept, and the Western architectural spirit, the essence of ancient China and Western architecture, in line with the spirit and spirit of Sun Yat-sen. The Zhongshan mausoleum design by Lv Yanzhi integrates ancient Chinese architecture, such as brackets, eaves rafters, gate, and mountain roof, and other national styles, while drawing from Western architecture, such as the ghost Hall with heavy eaves and mountain style four-corner fortress square house, which is both solemn and simple, but also innovative. In particular, its global plan is an alarm bell, so it is unanimously praised by the reviewers. The building of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has removed the Shinto stone carvings of the ancient imperial mausoleum, and retained the "archway", "Mausoleum gate", "stele pavilion", "Memorial hall" and "tomb chamber". After the memorial hall, the tomb is connected with the memorial hall, and people can visit the tomb from the memorial hall. [42]
Lv Yanzhi scheme plan
In the report, Nanyang University President Ling Hung-hoon praised Lu's design pattern as "simple and thick, best suited to the nature and topography of the tomb, and all the planes are bell shaped, especially. A large wooden bell Thought of warning the world."
Lv Yanzhi was hired as the chief architect of the mausoleum and was designed and constructed by Lv Yanzhi, a famous architect who won the prize of the mausoleum sample.
On March 18, 1929, Lv Yanzhi presided over the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Zhongshan mausoleum project has not yet completed, died of illness, at the age of 36. [42]
On May 28, 1930, in recognition of Lv Yanzhi's outstanding contribution to the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the Mausoleum Management Committee passed a resolution to build a monument for Lv Yanzhi in the cornerstone room at the southwest corner of the memorial hall, with the same status and size as the cornerstone. The monument was carved by Czech sculptor Gao Qi, the upper part of the bust of Lv Yanzhi, and the lower part of the inscription engraved on the right office: "The architect of the Prime Minister's mausoleum Lv Yanzhi died of overwork, and the management committee of the Prime Minister's mausoleum decided on May 28, 1999, to erect a stone to commemorate." [42]

Cemetery construction

  • Phase I project
Aerial photo of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum during the Republic of China
After the design of the tomb and the architect were determined, the funeral preparation Office began to prepare for bidding. The bid was opened on December 19, 1925, with only seven bidders, and Yao Xinji won the bid. [42]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was the last project contracted by Yao Xizhou. Because the mausoleum project is huge, required a variety of building materials, often need contractors to advance, so there is no more than 200,000 silver capital manufacturers are difficult to contract this project. According to Yao Xizhou himself, he contracted the mausoleum project from the beginning, not for profit, but "hold a reputation concept, obligation, determination", "when the valuation of the beginning, that is, the concept of worship of great men, so repeatedly cut, the real sense of no profit, and unusual business is different." In fact, Yao Xizhou contracted the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, in addition to painstaking efforts, but also a loss of 140,000 taels of silver. Later, Lin Sen said to Yao, "This time, Mr. Lin has contributed to the repair of the Premier's tomb, and he has lost money. National government I know..." [42]
According to the contract signed between the funeral Preparation Office and Yao Xinji Construction Factory, the mausoleum project officially broke ground on January 15, 1926. On March 12 of this year, the first anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's death, a grand mausoleum laying ceremony was held at 3 PM in the Purple Mountain cemetery. Despite the rain, representatives from all walks of life and party members of the people came to the ceremony in the rain, there were still about 10,000 people, including more than 3,000 people from other places. Deng Zeru, representative of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, presided over the ceremony, Ye Chu-roang as the officiant read the will of the Prime Minister, Deng Zeru delivered a speech, and Yang Xingfo, director of the Funeral Preparation Office, reported on the process of funeral preparation. Then, Deng Zeru, the representative of the Central Party Department, held a cornerstone unveiling ceremony, removing a Kuomintang party flag that was previously covered in the cornerstone, exposing the cornerstone, and engrave on it "The Chinese Kuomintang laid the foundation stone for the mausoleum of Premier Mr. Sun on March 12, 15 years of the Republic of China." The cornerstone written by Tan Yankai and carved by Tang Zhongfang is placed at the southwest corner of the wall. [42]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum old shadow
After May 1927, the progress of the first phase of the project gradually accelerated. Engineer Liu Mengxi personally stayed at the site to supervise the construction. In order to ensure the quality of the mausoleum project, the selection of materials is very particular. "All cement shall be made of the finest Ma and Taishan brand, the walls of the memorial hall shall be made of grey Italian marble, the whitewash shall be mixed with hemp, the floor of the memorial hall and the tomb shall be made of white Italian marble, and shall not have grey markings..." Tensile test of bamboo joint steel in reinforced concrete, strength test of sand, stone and concrete, all by Nanyang University President Ling Hongxun and Xu Peihuang, president of the Chinese Engineering Society, were present and presided over, and inspected with reference to the inspection standards of the American Association for Testing Materials. The construction technical requirements are extremely strict, and the projects must be made into a model in advance according to the detailed drawing once Lv Yanzhi personally reviewed and approved before starting. Some things have to be reported to Lin Sen, the member of the funeral planning committee in charge of the project, for approval. [42]
The first phase of the mausoleum project, including the mausoleum, the memorial hall, the platform, the stone steps, the wall and the stone slope works, undertaken by the Juhai Yao Xinji Construction, started on January 15, 1926, the first blast mountain filling, traced to 1927, due to the military impact, transportation and transportation are great difficulties, so the project is far from the original plan. On April 26, the funeral preparation Office moved from Shanghai to Nanjing, at this time, the National Revolutionary Army returned to Nanjing, the overall situation was decided, and the plan for the completion of the unfinished project was redecided, and the first phase of the Prime Minister's mausoleum was completed in the spring of the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929). Next was to welcome Mr Sun Yat-sen's coffin to be buried. [42]
  • Phase II and Phase III
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
In 1928, the second phase of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum project bid, after discussion and decision of the funeral preparation office, contracted by Shanghai Xinjin Jikang. The original plan of the archway, mausoleum gate, stele pavilion, large wall, guard room, etc. belong to the second phase of the project, due to a variety of reasons, left to the third phase of the project. On November 24, within 10 days of the signing of the contract, the Shinkin Kikang was started. At that time, the national government has set the capital of Nanjing, the transportation of materials are much more convenient than the first phase of the project, in addition to the stone pavement of the reinforced concrete wall in front of the memorial hall and the stone steps are relatively fine, the rest of the excavation, filling, ditches and so on are rough work. Therefore, the second project can be completed by the spring of 1929 according to the time stipulated in the contract. [42]
The third phase of the project was to be carried out after Dr. Sun Yat-sen's retirement. In July 1929, several major newspapers in China published bidding advertisements for the third phase of the Zhongshan Mausoleum project. After Dr. Sun Yat-sen was buried in Nanjing, the funeral preparation Office of Dr. Sun Yat-sen was abolished and replaced by the "Premier Cemetery Management Committee" to continue to preside over the mausoleum project. Lyu Yanzhi's friends, architects Li Jinpei, Huang Danfu and others, according to Lyu Yanzhi design blueprint completed his unfinished career. [42]
The third phase of the project includes: archway, mausoleum gate, stele pavilion, guard room, big wall and other buildings. After bidding, the result was contracted by Shanghai Tao Fu Ji Construction Factory, winning the bid with 419,700 taels of silver, officially started at the end of August 1929, and all the projects were completed at the end of the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931). [42]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
In July 1929, Tao Fu Ji Construction Factory contracted the third phase of the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. At this time, the transportation of building materials was much smoother than the first phase of the project. For example, the glazed tiles used in the mausoleum gate, stele pavilion and archway were ordered from Guangdong Yuhua Company in winter. After firing by Yuhwa Company, it was shipped from Guangzhou to Nanjing in three batches. At the request of the Prime Minister's mausoleum Management Committee, the Ministry of Finance, in addition to granting duty-free passports, also ordered the customs supervision along the way, and the glazed tiles used by mausoleins were reported to be released duty-free. [42]
However, the third part is a huge project and still encountered many difficulties. The large stone tablets in the stele pavilion, the pillars, pillars and beams of the archway are all made of a whole block of giant Fujian granite. Although Tao Fu Ji Construction Factory is a famous construction company, but at that time there is not much modern equipment, mainly rely on manual handling. The procurement of these huge granite stones used in the project, as well as the construction of the building on the southern slope of the Purple Mountain, had to pay a great deal of labor, from the archways, steles, mausoleum gates can still be seen the huge and difficult project. By the end of 1931, the third phase of the project had been completed, marking the completion of the main works of the Mausoleum except for the commemorative buildings. [42]
Overlooking the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum music stage

Fengan Grand Ceremony

Welcome the lining train
On January 14, 1929, the Fengan Committee was established.
On January 18, 1929, the first meeting of the commissioners was held in the Chamber of the National Government, and it was decided to start working in the office of the organization of the National Government, and they actively prepared to welcome the coffin. Nanjing built a 15-kilometre road to lining the coffin from Zhongshan Pier on the Xiaguan River to Drum Tower, Xinjukou and Zhongshan Gate. The three-kilometre section from Zhongshan Gate to Zhongshan Tomb was to be built by the funeral preparation Committee. In May of that year, all the preparations for Dr. Sun Yat-sen's transfer to Fengan were completed. [42]
Held on 23 April 1929, the National Government began He Yingqin "Premier Fengan welcomes the coffin commander".
At 3 PM on May 10, 1929, welcome the lining train from Nanjing Pukou District Departing from Chuzhou, Bengbu, Xuzhou, Yanzhou, Tai 'an, Jinan, Dezhou, Cangzhou, Tianjin and other places, all made a longer stay, and arrived in Beijing at 6 PM on May 21. [42]
On May 26, 1929, when the body was transported from Beiping to Nanjing, a copper coffin custom-made from the United States was placed about 5 meters below the current lying statue.
On May 28, 1929, Sun Yat-sen's coffin arrived in Nanjing from Peiping. After the three-day memorial, a grand ceremony was held on June 1 Fengan Grand Ceremony .
Fengan Grand Ceremony
At 2 am on June 1, 1929, Ying Coffin Road (today Zhongshan Avenue People lining both sides were lining.
At about 3 am, Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke, his wife and children, Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, Song Ziwen The couple, Song Ailing, Mei Wu Zhuangji, and members of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, members of the government, members of the funeral preparation committee, and commissioners to welcome and coffin representatives of various countries arrived at the Central Party Office.
At 4 a.m., the Spirit moving ceremony begins Hu Hanmin The main ceremony, the Lion Rock fort began to salute 101, and then the coffin was removed from the gate and carried to the car by the barman. Soong Ching Ling, Chen Shuying, Sun Wan, He Xiangning Family members and women such as Song Meiling and Song Ailing were escorted by carriage.
At 4:25 am, buglers blew the start of the journey, the hearse started, the funeral procession lasted five or six miles, and the masses along the way reached more than 500,000 people. Fifty-one coffin roads were built along the road, including pine and cypress Main archways, green and white cloth archways and ambulance shelters.
At 9:20 a.m., the hearse slowly drove to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen and stopped in front of the Yougov. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin lowered from the hearse, lifted the coffin, lifted the barman and stepped on the stone.
Fengan Grand Ceremony
At 10:08, the coffin arrived at the memorial hall and stopped in the center of the memorial hall, where the preacher preached and the ceremony was held. Playing mourning music, performing three bows, laying wreaths, reading prayer. Chiang Kai-shek, Tan Yan-kai, Hu Hanmin, Wang Peg-hui, Dai Jitao, CAI Yuanpei accompanied the ceremony. After the ceremony, Kong Xiangxi led the husband to move his coffin into the tomb and settle it in Xieng Khouang, Sun Yat-sen's family members, the central representative Chiang Kai-shek, the old representative Inuyoshi Odenko, the representative of various countries, also entered the tomb. At this time, the Lion Mountain fortress sounded 101 gun salute again, and the people all over the country stopped working and observed three minutes of silence.
At 12 o 'clock, after the completion of security, the personnel who participated in the ceremony in the memorial hall entered the tomb door in turn. After paying their respects, they returned to the memorial hall and bowed again to the mournful sound. Finally, led by his wife Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke and his wife Dane Sai, the tomb door was closed, and the Fengan ceremony was completed.
On June 1, 1929, the Nationalist government held the Fengan Grand Ceremony and moved Sun Yat-sen's body to Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing.
On July 1, 1929, the National government organized the Prime Minister's mausoleum management Committee, and the funeral planning Committee was abolished on the same day, and all matters handled were transferred to the Prime Minister's mausoleum management Committee.
In 1931, the whole Mausoleum project was completed, with an area of more than 80,000 square meters. [42]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum music stage

Follow-up management

In 1938, the Park Management Office of the Industrial Bureau of Nanjing Municipal Government set up a pseudo Zhongshan Cemetery office under it to temporarily maintain the status quo of the cemetery.
On April 6, 1942, Wang Jingwei appoint Chu Minyi The organization of the mausoleum management committee, responsible for the nominal daily work.
On August 17, 1945, the Chongqing Premier Mausoleum Management Committee sent the first batch of personnel back to Nanjing to receive the mausoleum of the puppet Father of the nation and resume the normal work of the mausoleum.
On July 2, 1946, the National Government issued the "Regulations on the Organization of the National Father's Cemetery Management Committee", the original "Regulations on the organization of the Prime Minister's Cemetery Management Committee" was repealed, and the Prime Minister's Cemetery Management Committee was changed to "the National Father's Cemetery Management Committee". Amid the turmoil, the mausoleum management committee has made only minor repairs.
At the end of the Liberation War, Chiang Kai-shek He wanted to move the body to Taiwan, but because the blast tomb would inevitably damage the body, the body has been lying in the tomb of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. [45]

Building layout

broadcast
EDITOR
Plan of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and its affiliated buildings
The mausoleum building is symmetrically arranged on the gentle slope of the southern foot of Zhongmao Mountain according to the north-south central axis. Looking down from the air, the mausoleum of Zhongshan is like a "freedom bell" lying flat, which means "wooden Taoist warning". The Xiaojing Tripod at the foot of the mountain is the spire of the bell, the half-moon square is the arc of the bell top, and the dome of the tomb chamber at the top of the tomb is like a circular pendulum hammer. It means "arouse the people to build a Republic of China". [2]
The stone archway at the south entrance and the slow tomb passage appear as a suspended cable under the bell. The tomb road faces south and is built along the mountain, gradually rising along the central axis from south to north. On the central axis, square, stone square, tomb road, mausoleum gate, steles pavilion, stone steps, large platform, memorial hall, tomb chamber and other buildings are arranged successively, forming the body of the great bell with the surrounding walls. The highest memorial hall is the core building of the mausoleum, with a distance of 700 meters to the arch plane and a vertical drop of 73 meters. The burial chamber behind the memorial hall is represented by the bell knob. [2]
At the entrance to the mausoleum there is a tall granite archway with Sun Yat-sen's handwritten" caritas "Two gold words. From the archway up to the memorial hall, there were 392 stone steps, representing the 392 million compatriots of China at that time; Eight platforms, symbolizing the Constitution of the Three People's Principles and five rights. The steps are made of Suzhou granite. [2]
The whole mausoleum is used with green glazed tiles, granite walls, looks solemn and solemn, blue symbolizes the blue sky, but also in line with Flag of the Republic of China Color - the sky is blue and the earth is red. The blue sky symbolizes the Chinese nation's aboveboard, lofty and great personality and ambition. The blue glazed tiles contain the meaning of the world for the public, in order to show Sun Yat-sen's broad mind for the country and the people. [2]

Main building

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EDITOR

Mausoleum architecture

Sun Yat-sen mausoleum building
To welcome Sun Yat-sen's coffin, they built lining Road from Xiaguan Pier in Nanjing to Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum. Zhongshan Road (also known as Zhongshan Avenue ). The places where the coffin passed were named after "Zhongshan" and "Yi Xian" to commemorate it. ( Zhongshan pier , Zhongshan Bridge , Zhongshan North Road , Zhongshan Road , Zhongshan East Road , Yisen Bridge , Zhongshan Gate , Lingyuan Road ) [2]
Sun Yat-sen Tomb tomb Road, from Bo Ai Fang to the Mausoleum gate, a total length of 440 meters, 36 meters wide, divided into three, the middle of a wide 12 meters, for reinforced cement road, left and right two roads, 4.6 meters wide, two lines of cypress. Between the two sides of the tomb road, from the south to the north, five pairs of rectangular flower ponds are symmetrically arranged, cedar and junipers are symmetrically planted in each pair of flower ponds, closely guarding both sides of the middle road, which is tall and majestic, imposing, and has a strong appeal. Those who walked on the tomb path where Pine and Cypress stood could not help but have a feeling of nostalgia and reverence for Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
The sixth platform of Zhongshan Mausoleum continues to climb to the seventh floor platform, and a pair of imitation copper stone lions are arranged on this large platform. Made by Jiang Wenzi, the third generation descendant of Jiang Yuancheng, a famous carving shop in Fujian Province, the carving art is very wonderful. In the mouth of two stone lions, each has a round ball, which can rotate freely in the mouth without falling out. Later, during the Wang Puppet period, the tooth of a female lion on the west side was damaged, and the ball was lost. A lion cub has also been stolen from her feet.
  • Tripod of Filial Piety
Tripod of Filial Piety
The Tripod of Filial piety is located just south of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. In 1929, after Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin was placed in the Mausoleum, Daijitau and National Sun Yat-sen University In order to express their respect and memory for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, all the students decided to donate money to cast a bronze tripod and put it in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
The Xiaojing tripod was cast by Jinling Arsenal. Dai Jitao attached great importance to the design and casting of the tripod. On April 09, 1932, he put forward specific requirements for the relevant design and casting departments in written form: "Round copper tripod, five sides on the tripod (in case the five sides are not appropriate, six sides can also be), three levels." Ding Ting all brass blowing color (making all by the cemetery). Engraved eight characters on the outward front; Inside the front engraved wisdom, benevolence, yong three words, all set premier word. Tripod contains four bronze stele, engraved on the Tai lady book filial Sutra (such as the word is too large, can be reduced by photography). Three stone platforms below. All four balustrades are carved." Judging from the existing bronze triding stone platform, it is basically consistent with the requirements of Dai Jitao.
On May 07, 1933, a solemn bronze tripod foundation ceremony was held here. Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government, attended the scene and Dai Jitao delivered a speech. After the speech, Dai Jitao and Xin Shicheng carefully put a copper box together in the stone box, the copper box is engraved with the "Premier's Will" written by Dai Jitao, and the "Premier's Legacy" recorded by the teachers and students of Sun Yat-sen University in Nanjing is stored in the box. After the copper box was placed into the stone box, Dai Jitao injected cement into the stone box to seal it, and then slowly lowered the stone box into the foundation about three meters deep from the ground. Later, the stone platform was built and the bronze tripod was cast. Thus, Zhongshan cemetery has added a new landscape.
Tripod of Filial Piety
The Xiaojing Tripod is cast in bronze and has a unique shape. From the structure can be divided into three parts: the bottom is the bronze drum base, the whole body is decorated with patterns, the plane is smooth like a mirror, the center is engraved with a five-pointed star, the five words "design supervision" are engraved around the five-pointed star, and then a circle, the circle is engraved with the names of 11 supervision, such as Xia Hangshi, Han Dong, Yang Guangxu, and the three feet of the bronze tripod are inlaid on the base plane; The middle part is the main body of the bronze triding, the double ears, the two legs are decorated with three open-mouth lion heads, the abdomen is round, the north side is cast with regular script writing "wisdom, benevolence, courage" three characters, the south side is cast with regular script writing "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, faith, justice and peace" eight characters, although has been ground off, can still be seen today, slightly below the abdomen, cast with regular script writing "National Sun Yat-sen University" eight characters; Along the top of the mouth of the bronze tripod is a hexagonal spire pavilion with six columns and three eaves. The roof is covered with small tiles. Inside the pavilion there is a hexagonal rectangular copper tablet inscribed with the full text of the Book of Filial Piety written by Lady Huang Tai, Dai Jitao's mother. The whole ding is 4.25 meters high, weighs about 5 tons, has a maximum diameter of 1.21 meters in the abdomen (one says 1.3 meters), and costs 13,000 yuan.
The stone platform plane is octagonal, its interior is built with reinforced concrete, and the surface is inlaid with Suzhou granite. The stone platform is about three meters high and divided into three layers, the lower layer is about 16 meters in diameter, the middle layer is 12.7 meters in diameter, the upper layer is 4 meters in diameter, and the edge of each layer is surrounded by carved granite balustrades. In the center of the platform is a round stone pier (also known as Ding seat) carved with white jade, and the bronze ding is placed on this stone pier. The stone platform costs 22,700 yuan.
The bronze tripod and the stone table can be called a combination, can not be separated, but during the "Cultural Revolution", the Xiaojing bronze tripod was removed from the stone table and transported to the courtyard of the Zhongshan cemetery engineering team for storage, and the bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen in Xinjukou was placed on this stone table. Until March 12, 1985, on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the death of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the relevant departments moved the bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen to the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Square in the Tibetan Sutras Building, and the triplet of Filial piety was re-placed on the original stone platform. [3]
  • Poai Workshop
Sun Yat-sen tomb Bo Ai square
Zhongshan Mausoleum Arch, also known as Bo Ai Fang, is the entrance to the southern end of the tomb road, where visitors to the mausoleum must pass through. The whole archway has a strong Chinese tradition and style. The archway is 11 meters high and 17.3 meters wide, with three four-column skyward styles.
The top of the archway is covered with blue glazed tiles. Before and after the foot of the four stone columns, the drum stone is held, and the bottom of the column is a rectangular stone seat. The archway is engraved with lotus petals, clouds and painted patterns of ancient architecture. On the frieze of the door of the archway, there is a stone forehead on one side, engraved with the word "Universal love" in the handwriting of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, so this archway is called Universal Love Square. [4]
On the frieze of the archway caritas "Two gilt characters, wide and broad, open space, give people infinite imagination. Dr. Sun Yat-sen usually likes to write these two characters to give people. Nanjing is therefore known as the city of fraternity.
  • Mausoleum gate
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Gate
The Mausoleum gate is built in the middle of the central axis of the Mausoleum, and in front of it is a wide concrete platform that can accommodate more than 10,000 people. The platform is flanked by a carpet of grass. On the left and right lawns, there are ten season-evergreen boxwood balls symmetrical to each other, and six precious thousand-head pines, which look like umbrellas and are exceptionally beautiful. Outside the mausoleum gate, there are semi-circular stone walls on both sides, which are connected with the walls of the mausoleum and guard the Zhongshan mausoleum inside. [5]
On both sides of the mausoleum gate, there are a pair of white marble lions, with smooth and soft neck hair, open mouth and face forward. This pair of stone lions are used to separate the two sides of the building, so that the building is more prominent and the tomb gate is magnificent.
The mausoleum gate was built on a large concrete platform, but it was much higher than that. Visitors climb 20 granite steps before reaching the Mausoleum gate. Its plane is rectangular, 24 meters wide, 8.8 meters deep, 16.5 meters high, traditional Chinese wooden structure form, but all built with granite, its brackets, beams, square and other patterns, are carved very delicate.
Written by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, "The world is for the public"
The roof of the Mausoleum gate is single eaves, covered with blue glazed tiles. The Mausoleum gate has three arches, the middle is larger, and the two sides are slightly smaller, because the two sides of the door are slightly smaller, I feel that the middle door has a sense of scale, showing a tall. The three doors in the south have a plum blossom space imitation copper double leaf, the three doors in the north, there is only a door and no door, and the top of the main door in the south is inlaid with a square stone forehead, engraved with "the world is public" four gold-filled characters. This is the handwriting of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, dignified and simple, handsome and elegant.
The gate of the tomb is five wide, with small rooms in each east and west. The doors are closed all the year round, and six rattan sedan chairs are stored inside, two of which are lying and four of which are sitting, for old and important people at home and abroad to ride when they have an audience with the tomb. These sedan chairs were moved to the bandstand dressing room for safekeeping during the Cultural Revolution.
The large platform in front of the mausoleum has a hard mountain roll-type lounge, with a roof covered with blue glazed tiles. The east room is the guard room, the west room is the rest room, and the indoor is equipped with toilet equipment, which is actually two symbolic decorative buildings. [42]
  • A pavillion built over a stone tablet
A pavillion built over a stone tablet
The Mausoleum Pavilion is built on the second platform behind the gate of the world Weigong Mausoleum. It is made of granite with heavy eaves on the top of the mountain and covered with blue glazed tiles. It is an imitation of traditional wooden structure in ancient China, 17 meters high and 12.2 meters wide. [6]
The gravestone is 9 meters high, weighs dozens of tons, and is carved from a huge piece of granite. When the tombstone was built, tombstone materials were widely solicited from various provinces in China. Fujian Province selected a huge granite stone tablet material, when in the shipment, due to the volume is too large, and extremely heavy, soon loaded into the ship, sank into the water. So he had to rush out a second piece from Fujian granite Ship it to Nanjing. From the Nanjing Xiaguan Wharf all rely on manual log rolling step by step to the purple mountain, and then from the mountain to the hillside pavilion site, which took more than 40 days, which shows that the project was difficult and grand and the perseverance of the construction workers. The large stone tablet that people see in the stele pavilion is made of the second Fujian granite in that year.
About the tombstone inscriptions in the pavilion, when the mausoleum project just started, on March 18, 1926, Mr. Sun Yat-sen's funeral preparation committee had discussed. At that time, he prepared to carve a tombstone, epitaph, biography, etc. for Mr. Sun Yat-sen in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and made a division of labor Wang Jingwei Write an inscription, Hu Hanmin As an epitaph, Wu Zhihui Write a biography, Zhang Jingjiang Write an essay. However, after more than two years, the contents of these inscriptions have not been determined, until January 07, 1928, the funeral preparatory committee held a meeting in Shanghai, that Mr. Thoughts and achievements can not be summarized by words, so it was decided not to use the inscription. Therefore, it is advisable not to use. And it was decided that Tan Yankai would write the inscription.
On March 07, 1930, the Prime Minister Cemetery Management Committee clearly defined the content and writing format of the inscription, and engraved three lines of gold inscription from right to left on the front of the large stone tablet:
"Chinese Nationalist Party buries Premier Sun here, Republic of China 18th June 1"
The characters are facial, the strokes are smooth, the structure is rigorous, and the characters are strong and powerful.
  • Stone step
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum stone steps
From Bo Ai Fang to the memorial hall, there are 392 stone steps, 8 platforms, and a drop of 73 meters. The 392 stone steps represent the 392 million people in China at that time.
From the pavilion to the memorial hall, there are 339 levels of stone steps, symbolizing the 339 members of the Second House of Representatives of the Kuomintang at that time, implying that each person as a step will carry forward the spirit of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, of which 9 means Datong in Kyushu. The front section has 290 levels and is divided into eight sections, symbolizing the Constitution of the Three People's Principles and five rights. The steps are all made of Suzhou Jinshan granite stone. The highest platform is Imperial watch Two, and then the memorial hall. [2]
The stone steps are an important part of the architecture of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which organically connects the archway, mausoleum gate, stele pavilion and memorial hall together, forming a solemn and majestic "alarm bell" whole. The designers and builders of the Zhongshan Mausoleum cleverly divided the 392 stone steps into 10 sections, which is a unique and distinctive layout. Look up from the bottom, see the steps, but not the platform; But looking down from the top, I could see the platform, not the steps. From the seventh floor platform continue to climb 30 steps, 42 steps, 54 steps to the eighth, ninth, tenth floor platform. Here is close to the mausoleum, the slope is steeper, more prominent the memorial hall and mausoleum majestic momentum. Stone railings are built on both sides of the 126-level stone steps, and two lines of railings are set vertically on the stone steps to separate the stone steps into three. The memorial hall of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is built on the tenth floor platform, but from the tenth floor platform, you can walk up nine stone steps to enter the memorial hall door. To here, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a total of 10 floors, 392 stone steps.
  • Memorial hall
The memorial hall is the main building of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, located on the 10th large platform at an altitude of 158 meters. The platform is 137 meters wide from east to west and 38 meters deep from north to south. Located on the highest peak of the mountain and integrating Chinese and Western architectural styles, the Memorial hall of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum absorbs the characteristics of the layout of traditional Chinese mausoleums and adopts a symmetrical arrangement of the central axis. The color of the building does not use the yellow glazed tiles and red walls of the traditional imperial mausoleums, but uses a blue roof and gray and white walls. It reflects Dr. Sun Yat-sen's lifelong desire to pursue democracy.
The hall is 28 meters long, 22.5 meters wide and 26 meters high, and the exterior of the hall is made of Hong Kong granite. The three arches of the memorial hall are carved copper double leaf, and the words "nation", "people's livelihood" and "civil rights" are engraved on the lintel Zhang Jingjiang Six gilt characters are written, and four gilt characters of "Heaven and Earth Zhengqi" are embedded in the Prime Minister's handwriting on the middle door. [7]
At that time, designer Lv Yanzhi's original design, the roof of the pavilion and the mausoleum gate used Glazed tile And the memorial hall is made of copper tiles. Although the copper tile is strong, but the price is expensive, the funeral preparatory committee decided to change to glazed tile: under the eaves to build stone arches on the second floor, the south of the hall has three arches, engraved on the pattern, and each door has two copper doors with plum Spaces.
The central statue of Sun Yat-sen, 4.6 meters high, is the world famous sculptor Paul Lontsky in Paris, France with Italian white marble statue, the base engraved with six reliefs, is the portrayal of Sun Yat-sen engaged in revolutionary activities. Sun Yat-sen dressed in a long gown and mandarin coat, high and wide, holding a long scroll, the deep eyes staring ahead, the dignified body, to the people standing here with unforgettable enlightenment.
Sitting statue of Zhongshan in the memorial hall
The marble on the wall of the memorial hall is engraved with Sun Yat-sen's posthumous book" The National Government's constitution ". There are two tomb doors at the back of the hall, two front doors made of copper, and the door frame is made of black marble. There is Sun Yat-sen handwritten "noble spirit forever" banner. The double door is a single bronze door, engraved with the stone carving of "Sun Yat-sen's Tomb". The entrance is a circular tomb, 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters in height. In the center is a long tomb, above is the white jade lying statue of Sun Yat-sen, buried below the body of Sun Yat-sen. The grave is 5 meters deep and sealed with reinforced concrete.
Around the hall are reliefs reflecting Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary deeds. The marble on the wall of the memorial hall is engraved with Sun Yat-sen's posthumous book" National founding outline "And" Hu Hanmin Et al Prime minister's will The dome is painted with a large Kuomintang Party emblem. [8]
The east and west sides of the front of the memorial hall stand a pair of tall watches, which are carved with Fujian granite. Huabui is 12.6 meters high, with a lower diameter of 2 meters and an upper diameter of 1 meter. The cross section of the table is hexagonal, and the six sides are decorated with relief cirrus moire. From a distance, the table seems to be straight into the sky, rich in a strong sense of three-dimensional. On both sides of the large stone steps, there is a bronze tripod with a red copper cover. Hua table and bronze tripod, set off the memorial hall more magnificent, but also added a solemn and express the atmosphere of mourning.
  • tomb
A portrait of Zhongshan lying in a tomb
The entrance is a circular tomb with a diameter of 18 meters and a height of 11 meters. The tomb is 165 meters above sea level, 700 meters away from the starting plane, with a drop of 73 meters. The top is inlaid with colored mosaics to form the Kuomintang Party emblem, and the floor is paved with white marble. In the center is a long tomb, above which is a white jade lying statue of Sun Yat-sen, which was carved by Czech sculptor Gao Qi according to the image of the body. Sun Yat-sen's body is buried below. In a bronze coffin made in the United States. The tomb is 4 meters in diameter and 5 meters deep and is sealed with reinforced concrete. In the circular chamber, visitors can look down on the lying statue on the coffin around the white jade railing.
The top of the bell is the half-moon square at the foot of the mountain, the tripod at the south end of the square is the bell newt, and the bell hammer is the hemispherical tomb. "Ding" was a symbol of power in ancient times, so the whole bell is meant to "arouse the people to build a republic of China".
With the free opening of the Mausoleum, the tourist flow to visit the Mausoleum has increased dramatically, the number of visitors to the Mausoleum has reached nearly 30,000 people every day, and the weekend is close to 50,000 to 60,000, because the small door of the tomb is too small, only one meter, the internal space is only about 60 square meters, in order to prevent the safety risks of accidents, but also for the safety of tourists and the protection of cultural relics. Generally, the tomb is not open, but it will be opened in time on major festivals.
  • Cemetery perimeter
Near the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, some of the most influential people in the modern democratic revolution, such as Sun Yat-sen's close comrade-in-arms and Kuomintang politicians. In 1928, the National government decided to rebuild the Linggu Temple site on the east side of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum National Revolutionary Army Cemetery In addition, the memorial hall and the memorial tower were built. At the Yulingya Temple Beamless hall The rebuilt memorial hall is engraved with the names and ranks of the soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition and the Anti-Japanese War, and it is estimated that 10 tablets were engraved at that time, with more than 33,000 names. At the north foot of Zhong Mountain, there is a solemn and solemn Aviation Martyrs Cemetery The tombstone is engraved with the names of 3,306 martyrs from China, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries who gave their lives for the Anti-Japanese War.

Mausoleum architecture

intro
picture
bandstand
bandstand It's south of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Square. The stage covers an area of nearly 250 square meters, and behind the stage there is a curved large screen wall with a height of 11.3 meters and a width of 16.7 meters, which has the function of gathering sound. There is a crescent lotus pond in front of the platform. The fan-shaped auditorium is built in front of the pool along the slope, which can accommodate more than 3,000 spectators. [9]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum music stage
Flow pavilion
Flow pavilion Also known as the Water Pavilion, it is one of the monumental buildings of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, built in the winter of 1932, it was donated by the Central Army Military Academy and designed by cemetery engineer Gu Wenyu. Flow emblem building three face water, one side beside the land, flow emblem building with stone steps connected to the bank. The plane is rectangular, 13 meters long and 9 meters wide, surrounded by blue railings about one meter high; Roll the roof of the shed, covered with white glazed tiles; The surface of the column is blue; Rafters with white paint blue pattern; The beam and the tiework are painted; The floor is inlaid with small red octagonal tiles. The three regular script characters of "Flow Emblem Pavilion" were written by Marshal Xu Xiangqian, the first cadet of the Huangpu Military Academy. [10]
Flow pavilion
Depository of Buddhist Sutras
Depository of Buddhist Sutras Also known as Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, it is located in the vast forest between Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Linggu Temple. It was initiated by the Buddhist Association of China in November 1934 and completed in October of the following year. This building was built for the collection of Sun Yat-sen's objects, including the main building, the monk's room and the stele gallery. The main building is a palace-style building, the appearance is like a temple building, a total of three floors, the back of the building has a corridor building, 125 meters long, the wall is inset is donated by General Feng Yuxiang of Henan Songshan blue stone tablet 138, the "Three people's principles" theory of the full text of the tablet, a total of 16 lectures, a total of more than 155,000 words. [7]
Depository of Buddhist Sutras
Meiling Palace
Meiling Palace It is the villa where Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Soong Meiling stayed, officially called the "Residence of the Chairman of the National Government", and has the reputation of "the first villa in the Far East". The main building of the Meiling Palace is a three-story high-eaves mountain palatial building with a green roof Glazed tile . More than 1,000 are carved on the glazed tiles of its eaves A surname It is the only case in China. The whole building is magnificent, the interior is luxuriously decorated with Spin painting In particular, the blue-bottom lark Joan flower pattern comes from the painter Chen Zhifo Hand, unique. Surrounded by trees, flowers fragrance all year round. The car can reach the palace gate, the floor for the reception room, the secretary's office, etc., the second floor is the west of the reception room, the living room, the east is Chiang Kai-shek, Song Meiling couple bedroom. [11]
Meiling Palace

History and culture

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EDITOR

An account of an audience at the Tomb

Millions of tourists visit the Mausoleum every year
Dr. Sun Yat-sen's great achievements and noble personality are respected by Chinese compatriots of all ethnic groups and people around the world. Every year, people from all over the country and all over the world come to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen with reverence.
On June 2, 1929, Chiang Kai-shek, his wife and others went to the mausoleum to have an audience.
November 16, 1930, leader of the Northeastern warlords Zhang Xueliang Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On November 19, 1930, he was a lecturer in the history Department of Tsinghua University in Beijing Wu Qichang He led his students and his family to Nanjing to petition Chiang Kai-shek, and went to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen to cry and hunger strike for four days, which shocked the whole country.
On June 1, 1931, the 9th Panchen Lama Erdeni, the living Buddha of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism, was born Qu Ji Nyima Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
In September 1931, The September 18 Incident After that, students from all over the country visited the Mausoleum petition assembly, always in an endless stream, and the Mausoleum became the preferred place for the vast army and people to express their willingness to resist Japan.
On December 16, 1935, he was a senior member of the Tongmenghui and a famous patriotic general perfantin To the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen dissecting Ming Zhi, in order to wake up the people, after the rescue after escape.
March 1936: Leader of Hebei Senior High School Students National Salvation Society Guo Qing Classmates were arrested, imprisoned and tortured to death. Students and teachers of various schools in Nanjing gathered in the name of an audience with the Mausoleum, crying and Shouting.
Chiang Kai-shek and his wife paid their respects at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
During the fall of Nanjing, although the Japanese upper class out of respect for Sun Yat-sen and the need to win people's hearts, did not fight against the Mausoleum, but the entire mausoleum was still damaged to varying degrees. During the Nanjing Defense War, almost every place in the cemetery area was repeatedly contested. The Japanese used tanks, aircraft, artillery, and fire attacks, which caused great damage to the cemetery mausoleum The main body and most of the memorial buildings were slightly damaged and still intact, while the remaining houses, roads, trees, nurseries, etc., were reportedly destroyed by the Japanese invaders."
On May 7, 1938, to commemorate the thirteenth anniversary of the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Thompson A single flight to Nanjing visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
In October 1943, in order to highlight the status of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and counter the illegal occupation and manipulation of the mausoleum activities by the Japanese puppet regime, Dai Jitao presided over a ritual discussion in Chongqing and formulated a new and more retro color "National Father Mausoleum" sacrifice and worship ceremony.
On March 21, 1946, the 21st anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death, Chiang Kai-shek Lead the people to the tomb.
On May 5, 1946, the Nationalist government held a ceremony in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Before the investigation of the current situation of the Mausoleum, the Mausoleum was repaired and maintained immediately after the ceremony.
Zhou Enlai paid homage to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen
On May 19, 1946, Zhou Enlai 率领中共代表团代表团抵京（南京）不久，在董必武、邓颖超率领下首次晋谒中山陵，周恩来因病未去。
In July 1946, Dr. Sun Yat-sen married his wife Lu Muzhen Lady visited Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
On July 7, 1946, Zhou Enlai made a special trip to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen alone.
On July 8, 1946, Chiang Zhongzheng had an audience with the Tomb.
On August 20, 1946, and November 12, 1946, the CCP delegation once again collectively visited the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On May 5, 1947, a collective of more than 400 senior generals of the National Army shook the country in Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum crying mausoleum incident .
March 1948, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's eldest son Sunke Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
October 16, 1949: Vice President of the Central People's Government of China Soong Ching-ling Have an audience with the Emperor.
On April 1, 1950, Soong Ching-ling left Shanghai for Beijing due to work-related illness, accompanied by Luo Shuzhang and others. Passing through Nanjing, he went to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
1953年，毛泽东谒陵
On February 23, 1953, he was Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman of the Central People's Government Mao Zedong Have an audience with the Emperor.
In October 1954, Beirut, Bolz, Shtura, Bulganin, Khrushchev , Mikoyan , Nehru , Indira Gandhi Have an audience with the Mausoleum.
Mayor of Shanghai on 9 October 1956 Chen Yi Accompany the President of Indonesia Sukarno Have an audience with the Emperor.
Thirty years ago, Cherebanov was the general adviser of the Whampoa Military Academy and Chen Geng was a student of the Whampoa Military Academy. This time, they met again in front of the founder's funeral.
On November 12, 1956, the 90th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, Zhu De , Li Jishen The rate of National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Delegations from the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan, Burma, Korea, Britain, Canada and other countries have visited the Mausoleum.
March 1957 - Prime Minister of the Czech Republic William Siroqui Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
On December 21, 1960, Premier Zhou Enlai of The State Council and Foreign Minister Chen Yi accompanied Cambodia Prince Sihanouk Have an audience with the Emperor.
May 1961 - Chairman of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
On November 12, 1966, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the former acting president of the Kuomintang who returned from overseas Li Zongren Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
In October 1970, former French Prime Minister Demville visited the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
In May 1971, the Head of State of Cambodia, Prince Sihanouk, and his wife met Ye Jianying , Xu Shiyou Accompanied by visit to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
1973年4月，江泽民同志陪同罗马尼亚机械考察团拜谒中山陵。
1974 - President of the Republic of Zaire Mobutu Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum with his wife.
President of North Korea, 22 April 1975 Kim Il-sung Led the DPRK Party and government delegation to the Mausoleum, Vice Premier of The State Council Deng Xiaoping Accompany.
In April 1980, he became Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of The State Council Hua Guofeng Have an audience with the Emperor.
In 1981, during the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Suifang Once came to Nanjing to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen. After that, he returned to China many times and visited the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen several times.
Prime Minister of Sweden, April 1981 Feilding Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum with his wife.
邓小平拜谒中山陵
On June 1, 1982, to commemorate the first anniversary of Soong Ching Ling's death, 25 relatives of Soong Ching Ling (Sun Suying, Lin Da Wen, Lin Shuzhen, Dai Chenggong, Lin Da Guang, Deng Guangyin, Sun Junlian, etc.) paid a visit to Sun Shan Mausoleum.
President of France, 8 May 1983 Mitterrand Have an audience with the Emperor.
1985年2月3日，中共中央政治局常委、中顾委主任邓小平，带着小外孙，在江苏省委、省军区领导陪同下谒陵。
Prime Minister of Australia, May 1986 Hawker Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
4 October 1986 - President of The State Council of the GDR Honecker Have an audience with the Emperor.
On November 12, 1986, the 120th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth ceremony, Sun Zuying Husband and wife, Sun Suihua Mr. And Mrs. Sun Suifang, Dai Chenggong And other relatives of Sun Yat-sen came to Nanjing to attend the ceremony of an audience at the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
On July 15, 1987, Federal Republic of Germany premier Kohl Have an audience with the Emperor.
February 4, 1989, President of China Yang Shangkun Have an audience with the Emperor.
June 1992, Chinese American Chen Xiangmei Lady visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
Lee Kuan Yew paid his respects at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
July 17, 1992, Sun Yat-sen's direct grandson Sun Zhiqiang Led the whole family to an audience.
Prime Minister of Singapore, 27 September 1994 Lee Kuan Yew The couple visited the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On November 15, 1996, the 130th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, Sun Yat-sen's relatives Sun Suihua, Sun Suiying, Sun Zhiqiang, Sun Guoxiong and other generations returned from overseas to form a delegation of Sun Yat-sen's family members to the Mausoleum, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Revolution He Luli Accompanied by the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On October 15, 2001, nearly 100 people, including Sun Suiying, Sun Suihua, Sun Suifang and overseas guests, who came to Beijing to participate in the commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, were vice chairmen of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Ye Xuanping Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
November 12, 2001, the 135th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, Sun Yat-sen's direct grandson Sun Zhiping They had an audience in the mausoleum.
On June 1, 2003, Sun Jianing, great-granddaughter of Dr. Sun Yat-sen ( Sun Zhiqiang Her daughter) came to Nanjing for the first time to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen with her family.
In March 2005, then-vice Chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Party Chiang Pin-kung Led a delegation to the mainland, launched an "ice-breaking trip", for the then chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Party Lien Chan First visit to mainland paving. On March 30, the delegation paid a visit to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing, which is the first time in 56 years that the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) has appointed a delegation to pay a visit in the name of the party to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the KMT.
Lien Chan paid his respects at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
In April 2005, Austrian Chancellor Wolgonff Schusser visited the Mausoleum.
On April 27, 2005, Chinese Kuomintang Chairman Lien Chan led a delegation from the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing and held a tribute ceremony. It was the first time in 56 years since the two sides separated in 1949 that a Chinese Nationalist Party chairman had visited the tomb in person.
May 2005 - Chairman of the People First Party of Taiwan James Soong Visit the mainland, for the warming of Cross-Strait relations to start a "bridge trip", during the visit to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, relive the childhood memories. [12]
On June 4, 2005, Sun Suifen, granddaughter of Sun Yat-sen, made a special trip to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On July 8, 2005, the Mainland delegation of the "New Party to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War" from Taiwan paid a visit to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing. [41]
On November 14, 2006, Sun Yat-sen's relatives and a group of more than 100 people participated in the celebration of the 140th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, and made a special trip to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On 27 May 2008, he was chairman of the KMT Wu Boxiong Led a delegation of 100 people to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen. [13]
Soong Chuyu paid his respects at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
On June 1, 2009, Wu Poh-hsiung, chairman of the Kuomintang of China, led a delegation from the mainland to visit the Mausoleum to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Fengan. [14]
On January 16, 2010, National Assembly of Thailand Chairman guess Qi Chu line of visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
On October 13, 2011, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and people at home and abroad visited the Mausoleum.
Before 2011, the Mausoleum officially received about 1,700 tourists from Taiwan celebrities and civic groups every year. After 2011, the number of receptions reached more than 4,000 a year. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has become a special witness to the "warming" and "warming" of cross-strait relations. [15]
On April 1, 2012, former Prime Minister of South Korea and current President of Seoul International Li Hongjiu Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On 20 April 2012, Vice Chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Party Jiang Xiaoyan The second visit to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Previously, in 2009, he accompanied Wu Poh-hsiung as vice chairman of the Kuomintang.
Ban Ki-moon visited the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen in 2014
On December 11, 2012, Taiwan Straits Exchange Foundation president Forest forest Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen. [16]
On February 12, 2014, head of the Mainland Affairs Council, Taiwan's executive branch Wang Yuqi Visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing. [17]
On March 12, 2014, the 89th anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death, people from all walks of life in Jiangsu Province and Nanjing held an audience at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum to commemorate the 89th anniversary of the death of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the great democratic revolution.
On April 10, 2014, retired generals from Taiwan formed a group to pay homage to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen and the tomb of anti-Japanese martyrs in Nanjing. [18]
Hong Xiuzhu braved the rain to visit the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing
On August 16, 2014, Nanjing Youth Olympic Games On the opening day, the Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon Visit the Mausoleum, into the inner hall to pay homage to the marble sarcophagus. Ban Ki-moon said, "It is a great honor for me to meet the great leader of the Chinese people Sun Yat-sen Mr. Mausoleum. This beautiful resting place is a symbol of his immense influence that continues to inspire Chinese people at home and abroad." [19]
On March 12, 2015, the 90th anniversary of the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, people from all walks of life visited the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing.
On October 31, 2016, at around 9:20 AM, Chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Party Hong Xiuzhu He led a delegation from the Chinese Nationalist Party to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, paid homage to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and delivered a speech at the cemetery's Poai Square. [20]
On November 11, 2016, Ms. Sun Suifang, granddaughter of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, paid a visit to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen.
On November 13, 2016, in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Qi Yuanchun led a delegation of guests from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas to visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen. [21-22]
On the morning of March 28, 2023, Ma Ying-jeou, former chairman of the Kuomintang of China, paid a visit to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing. [44]

Related story

  • Sacrifice and worship ceremony in the period of Republic of China
In October 1943, in order to highlight the positioning of the national temple of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and counter the illegal occupation of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum by the Japanese puppet regime and manipulate the activities of the mausoleum, the examination president Daijitau In Chongqing Beibei hot spring presided over the ritual discussion, the development of a new more retro color "National Father Mausoleum" sacrifice and worship ceremony:
1. The ceremony begins. Two, all stand. Three, the chief priest in position. Fourth, the escort and the sacrifice in turn. Play music. Sixth, incense. Seven, three bow. Eight, the initial dedication: the main sacrifice flowers, a bow ceremony. 9, perform the gift of Asia: the main priest offers tea, a bow ceremony. 10, the final dedication: the sacrifice of the Lord, two bow ceremony. 11. Read the tribute. Twelve, three bow. Play music. Fourteen, rites.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, on August 27, 1945, the Kuomintang army arrived in Nanjing and immediately went to the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen to pay tribute. 159 generals of the navy, army and air force, 52 people of the new six army forward command post, "paying homage to the father of the nation, bowing three times, and circling the coffin." On May 5, 1946, the National Government officially returned to the capital, and held a ceremony in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government. Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum flies the Kuomintang flag and Flag of the Republic of China Under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek Soong Meiling and his wife, more than 5,000 people from all walks of life completed a peak in history of the ceremony of an audience with the Mausoleum, the people who participated in the audience issued a common voice: "Father, we are back!"
October 10, 1946 is the first "Double Ten Day" after the Republic of China, that is, the National Day. On that day, visitors from all walks of life came to the tomb, even more than 100,000, is the largest number of visitors to the tomb during the Republic of China. Because there are too many people, the arch guard is not enough to estimate in advance, so that more than 10 flower POTS in the funeral hall were broken, the soldiers in the arch guard are crowded, and they have to close the mausoleum door, but the crowded visitors have broken the iron gate key, and the gold characters in the funeral hall and the pavilion have been wiped off the gold foil.
mausoleum It's not a playground. It's supposed to be a place of solemnity. Regardless of whether this noisy "carnival" has not disturbed the prime minister's spirit in heaven. As for the construction of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum itself, in fact, there are very strong opposition voices within the Kuomintang, the starting point is not only economic considerations, but also the profound consideration of the essential distinction between Mr. Sun Yat-sen and the feudal emperor. For example, General Feng Yuxiang, there is a poem "Over the tomb occupation of Zhongshan";
There is the Summer Palace in the north and the Zhongshan Tomb in the south.
The weather is not clear, jimi money also countless.
Zhongshan was great, but he was criticized by the world.
Pity the blood of the people! Pity the council!
  • The People's Liberation Army protects the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
In the early hours of April 24, 1949, The Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army With the Third Field Army Yangtse River Entering Nanjing, at that time, the Kuomintang army in Nanjing has retreated, the PLA advance troops into the city, forward pursuit, they found that there is a Kuomintang troops in the cemetery, but this force is not a regular Kuomintang troops, but guard Sun Yat-sen's tomb guard. When the superior leadership of the People's Liberation Army learned of this situation, it was believed that the arch guard unit guarding the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen should be distinguished from the Kuomintang troops participating in the civil war. Immediately, the second Field army 105th Division sent a group political commissar Liu Zhicheng led a group of soldiers into the cemetery, after arriving at the cemetery, they and Fan Liang Such as the head of the defense Department negotiations, the two sides unanimously decided: the People's Liberation Army stationed in the Mausoleum and Sun Yat-sen Ming mausoleum , Linggoksa , Purple Mountain Observatory . The arch guard brigade accepts the reorganization of the People's Liberation Army and continues to serve as the guard of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. [37]
On the morning of the same day, Liu Zhicheng, the political commissar of the regiment, called the cadres of the office to speak, explaining that the Communist Party has always respected Sun Yat-sen, the People's Liberation Army will strictly protect Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum, and charged the officers and soldiers of the Office to work at ease as usual to maintain the normal order of Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum. Then, Liu Zhicheng and other People's Liberation Army officers led by Fan Liang boarded the Mausoleum, inspected the Mausoleum memorial hall, A pavillion built over a stone tablet Mausoleum gate and other conditions, found no damage. Third Field Army, 27 April 1949 commander Chen Yi personally wrote a "protect the Mausoleum" warrant, sent to the Mausoleum, Chen Yi this warrant with a frame, placed in the Mausoleum hall. [37]
November 12, 1949 was the first day after the founding of New China Sun Yat-sen's birthday Anniversary On this day, Nanjing Military Administration Association, Nanjing Municipal People's Government A grand audience was held at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. More than 500 people from all walks of life and representatives of the Municipal Military Management Committee, the municipal government, the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China participated in the audience. Director of the Military Board Su Yu Vice mayor Ke Qingshi Deputy Secretary of the CPC Nanjing Municipal Committee Tang Liang And representatives of the democratic parties and cultural circles Li Fangxun , Wu Yifang , Xu Yangqiu , Chen Zhongfan Representatives of the People's Liberation Army, workers, and students arrived at the funeral hall at 1:30 and stood neatly in front of the sitting statue of Sun Yat-sen. The ceremony of the tomb began in the national song of New China, and Director Su Yu gave a brief speech after presenting flowers to the portrait of Sun Yat-sen. Afterwards, the staff entered the tomb, circled around the tomb of Sun Yat-sen, and the ceremony ended at 12 o 'clock. Since then, every year on March 12 Sun Yat-sen's death anniversary and November 12 Sun Yat-sen's birthday anniversary, Jiangsu province, Nanjing people from all walks of life have to come to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum to hold an audience ceremony, never interrupted. [37]
  • Zhou Enlai protected the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen
On December 21, 1960, Zhou Enlai Accompanied Cambodian dignitaries to visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. At that time, the forest of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was felled in large quantities, and when Premier Zhou and his party passed through the Taiping Gate, they saw a large number of timber harvested along the way and were piled up on the roadside to be transported, he said: "China is so big, can't this wood be supplied?" The next day, all the logging workers withdrew, and the relevant departments no longer asked for wood from the cemetery. In June 1968, Premier Zhou personally instructed that the bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen be placed on the stone pedestal in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Square, and a piece of it be erected in front of the statue 毛泽东语录 . Premier Zhou Enlai, with his prestige and wisdom, protected many important cultural relics in the Zhongshan Cemetery during the turbulent years. [38]

Cultural relics protection

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EDITOR
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
On April 28, 1949, the Nanjing Military Control Commission was established, and on May 10, Nanjing Municipal People's Government Established. Before August 1949, the Zhongshan Cemetery belonged to the military administration period. In August 1949, it was renamed as "Zhongshan Cemetery Management Office" and was subordinate to the Nanjing Municipal Government Garden Management Office.
In 1950, Liu Bocheng When he was the mayor of Nanjing, 20,000 Chinese fir and plane trees were specially transported from Yunnan and planted here.
In July 1951, the Zhongshan Cemetery Management Committee was established. In September of the same year, the branch of Rectification Committee was established, with Gao Yilin as the chairman. In April 1958, the Garden Management Office was merged into the Nanjing Urban Construction Bureau, and the management Committee was also subordinate to the Urban Construction Bureau.
In December 1960, Zhou Enlai Premier and Vice Premier Chen Yi accompanied him Cambodia Head of state Prince Sihanouk Other dignitaries visit the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen. At that time, in order to support agriculture, the authorities requested wood from the cemetery, Purple Mountain A lot of forests have been cut down. Premier Zhou Enlai instructed that "Zhongshan Cemetery is not only Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, but also the people of the whole country, must be protected and managed well." The next day, the loggers pulled out.
On March 4, 1961, The State Council announced the first batch of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum National key cultural relics protection units . [42]
In 1966, the People's Republic of China established the "Preparatory Committee for the 100th Anniversary of the birth of Dr. Sun Yat-sen" and allocated 1 million yuan to comprehensively repair the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. The repair works replaced all the damaged glazed tiles, completely renovated the tomb passage and renovated the mausoleum gate.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum after the snow
The Cultural Revolution began in May 1966, and the Urban Construction Bureau was abolished in June of the same year. At the right time Cultural revolution The word "Universal love" on the plaque of Bo Ai Fang and the Kuomintang Party emblem on the tombstone were considered by the Red Guards to be "universal love". Old habits "Forced to chisel off, the roof of the memorial hall and tomb with color Mosaic The inlaid Republic of China flag was removed and replaced with cement. On the north wall of the memorial hall, Chiang Kai-shek's handwritten "Last Instruction of the Premier", Hu Hanmin's handwritten "Will of the Premier" and Tan Yankai's handwritten "Speech of the Premier Admonishing Party Members" were polished.
In April 1968, the Zhongshan Cemetery Revolutionary Committee was established.
On January 22, 1970, the Jiangsu Provincial Revolutionary Committee decided to add Zhongshan District to the Zhongshan Cemetery, implementing the unified leadership of the party and government, and the cemetery was subordinate to the Zhongshan District Revolutionary Committee.
In April 1975, the Municipal Revolution Committee decided to abolish Zhongshan District, and the cemetery management office was assigned to the leadership of Nanjing Urban Construction Bureau.
After the end of the Cultural Revolution, the 50th anniversary of Fengan in 1979 State Administration of Cultural Heritage Funds were allocated for the renovation of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and the cemetery management office repaired the sewers, completely renovated the steps, and treated the seepage of the building gaps.
From June to September 1981, in preparation for the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, the Management Committee of the Mausoleum began to repair the parts that had been damaged during the Cultural Revolution. The stone engraving of the "Universal Love" plaque was restored, the Kuomintang Party emblem and the Republic of China flag patterns in the memorial hall and tomb were restored, and the engraved characters were re-gilded. The emblem of the Kuomintang Party on the tombstone was originally inscribed in the sun, but it can only be changed to an engraving when it is restored.
People sitting in the rain
In 1982, it was selected as the first batch by The State Council National key scenic spots . [23] In August of the same year, the Municipal Committee and the municipal government set aside the Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen from the Municipal Urban Construction Bureau as a first-level unit of the municipal bureau, and the nature of the national cause remained unchanged.
In 1986, the 120th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, the Mausoleum was repaired again, dealing with the roof leakage, wall cracking and other problems, and carried out the replacement of glazed tiles, rust removal of copper rafters, and restoration of copper doors and Windows of the Mausoleum gate, which was completed in 1987.
In June 1996, the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and Nanjing Municipal People's Government Ning Weifa (1996) 19 document "Zhongshan Cemetery Management Office" was renamed "Zhongshan Cemetery Management Office". Zhongshan Cemetery Administration Bureau It is a public institution directly under the municipal government. At this time the Zhongshan Cemetery was protecting and restoring the existing Cultural landscape On the basis of natural landscape, make full use of superior natural conditions, constantly open up new scenic spots, scenic spots, landscape scenery, cultural relics, historic sites and artificial garden art into one, showing a multi-functional tourist scenic spot.
In 1997, it was named the first batch of "Top 40 Tourist Attractions in China" by the National Tourism Administration. [23]
Lingyuan Road
May 8, 2007, Nanjing City Zhongshan Scenic Spot - Zhongshan Cemetery Scenic Area was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration National 5A tourist attraction . [24]
In 2009, the Zhongshan Mausoleum overhauled the main building and the affiliated memorial building of the Mausoleum and replaced all the blue glazed tiles. [25]
On November 12, 2010, the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government decided that the mausoleum was open to the public free of charge and closed every Monday for maintenance. [26]
In June 2011, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum underwent short-term maintenance for 20 days, and the relief on the base of the memorial hall was repaired. [27]
In mid-September 2011, the mausoleum was closed to the public.

Honorary title

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EDITOR
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum attracts more than 5 million tourists from home and abroad every year, and has won the "National Key Scenic Area", "China's Top 40 Tourist attractions", "National patriotism Education Base", "National Civilized Scenic Area", "National Civilization". National forest park ", "Jiangsu Province Human Settlement Environment Example Award" and many other honors. [28]
The year 1982
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is listed as a national key scenic spot.
The year 1991
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum quilt National Tourism Administration Rated as "Top 40 Tourist Attractions in China".
December 2001
The Middle Hill Mausoleum passes Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences Environmental management system certification center certification audit. [28]
February 10, 2003
China's State Environmental Protection Administration approved Zhongshan Cemetery Scenic Area as "ISO14000 National Demonstration Zone". [28]
June 3, 2005
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum through the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Construction ISO14000 national demonstration zone supervision and inspection. [28]
March 7, 2007
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is listed as the first batch of" National AAAAA tourist attraction It has become the first three 5A-level tourist attractions in Jiangsu Province with the highest acceptance score, ranking among the best in the country. [30] 29 -
The year 2009
Zhongshan Mausoleum Scenic spot was named the first batch of "National ecological Culture Demonstration Base" (only 2 in the country), and successfully selected in the second batch of China's National Natural and Cultural Heritage Preparatory List. [31]
June 2012
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was named "Jiangsu Province Overseas Chinese Cultural Exchange Base". [32]
October 2015
The Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen ranks in the top five of China's top 10 most visited attractions. [33-35]
September 2016
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was selected as the first batch Chinese architectural heritage of the 20th century "Directory. [1]
October 9, 2016
China National Tourism Administration for the first time released the "Eleven" holiday tourism "red and black list", due to the effective flow control, stable tourism order, service management and other reasons, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum scenic spot was praised, and was named "toilet revolution best scenic spot". [36]
November 2022
Zhongshan Cemetery Scenic Area was included in the list of smart tourism scenic spots in Jiangsu Province in 2022. [43]
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Tourist information

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EDITOR

Admission ticket

Free [ The area above the gate of the Mausoleum is open from 8:30 to 17:00 daily, and is closed every Monday for maintenance (except for legal holidays and the birthday and death anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen). The tomb is open from Tuesday to Friday (except statutory holidays) and on the birthday and death anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. [40]

traffic

Public transportation
Route 34 (Bo Ai Line), Route 5, Route 36, Route 55, Route 142, Route 315.
subway
Nanjing Metro Line 2 to Xiamafang Station Get off and take Exit 2 and then change Nanjing Bus No. 34 Bo Ai line up the hill to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum parking lot. [39]
Scenic train
Bo Ai Line (ticket 5 yuan) Stop at: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Parking lot - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Mingzhong Line (fare 2 yuan) Stop: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum - Underwater world - The former residence of the president of the National Government - Sifang ( Plum Blossom Valley East Gate) - Ming mausoleum Parking lot
Lingzhong Line (Ticket price 5 yuan) Stop: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum music stage - Water Pavilion - Linggu Temple Park
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
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