Tokyo metropolitan Government (Japanese: Tokyo Municipality; Tokyo Metropolis), yes Japan the capital ^[1] ^[7] , First-level administrative region , Capital circle Central city ^[2-3] , too Cabinet of Japan and Diet of Japan It is the center of Japan's politics, economy, culture, transportation and many other fields Honshu Kanto region , the east neighbor Chiba-ken , our western neighbour Yamanashi , our south neighbor Kanagawa Prefecture , our Northern neighbor Saitama . It covers an area of 2194 square kilometers ^[8] . As of December 2023, the population is approximately 14.1 million ^[1] ^[16] ^{[48] 47 -} ; Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Tama Regions, island areas 3 most of the composition, jurisdiction of 23 Special district , 26 cities, 5 town 8 villages. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Garrison headquarters Shinjuku ^[8] .

The ancient name of Tokyo Edo The city was founded in A surname Three years (1457). Khanh Chaung Eight years (1603), Tokugawa Ieyasu in Edo Castle Set up Office of the shogun . Meiji It was abolished in January 1868 Shogunate system , changed Edo prefecture to Tokyo Prefecture , Mikado Moving to Tokyo. Showa In 1943, the city of Tokyo was established ^[9] . There are many places of interest in Tokyo The Imperial Palace , Sensoji Temple , Tokyo Tower , Meiji Jingu And other scenic spots; There are Ginza , Akihabara , Shinjuku Such commercial districts; There are also many museums, art galleries, science and technology museums ^[30] .

The topography of Tokyo can be divided from east to west into the Nakagawa Lowlands, Musashino mesa , Tama Hills , Kanto Mountains Four parts; Belong to subtropics maritime Monsoon climate Four distinct seasons ^[34] . The economy of Tokyo is developed and belongs to Japan Financial center There are a number of large multinational corporate headquarters. Tokyo is convenient and has one of the highest density of rail networks in the world Shinkansen , JR East Japan, Private railway, subway equimultiple rail traffic System ^[17] . Tokyo International Airport (Haneda), Narita International Airport It is an important aviation hub in the world ^[18] .

In 2022, the GDP of the Tokyo Metropolitan area is $1.06 trillion, accounting for Japan Gross domestic product 20.7% of the total; Tertiary industry The largest scale, occupy the capital Gross product About 90%; Financial budget $112 billion ^[16] .

Chinese name: Tokyo Prefecture
Foreign name: Tokyo Prefecture (Japanese)
Tokyo Metropolis (English)
alias: Edo
Administrative category: all (first level administrative division)
Subordinate region: Japan Honshu Kanto region
Geographical position: Honshu Kanto Plain south
Area product: 2155 km²
Subordinate area: There are 23 special districts, 26 cities, 5 towns and 8 villages
Government premises: Tokyo Prefecture Shinjuku West Shinjuku 2-8-1

Telephone area code: 035321
Postal code: 163-8001.
Climatic condition: Subtropical oceanic monsoon climate
Population number: 14.1 million ^[6] ^[48] (December 2023)
Famous scenic spot: Tokyo Tower , Ginza , Tokyo Sky Tree , Shinjuku , Akihabara , Sensoji Temple
aerodrome: Tokyo International Airport , Narita International Airport
Railway station: Tokyo Station , Shinjuku Station , Shinagawa Station Etc.
License plate code: Adachi, Hachioji, Tama, Rima, Suginori, Shinagawa, Setagaya
Gross regional product: $1.06 trillion

catalogue

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

In the third year of Kangzheng (1457), Bong Kyoto Ashikaga Shogunate The Order of, Musashino Kawagoe Cheng (This) Saitama City master Shangsugi Dingzheng built Edo city; Because the Kanto Plain is surrounded by mountains and sea, Kamisugi Dinmasa's family minister Ota do irrigation This is chosen as the city site.

In the 18th year of Tianzheng (1590), Tokugawa Ieyasu Sealed into Edo City.

In 1603, with the establishment of the shogunate by Tokugawa Ieyasu, Edo became the political and economic center of Japan.

In January of the first Meiji Year (1868), Meiji Emperor Defeat the Edo shogunate Army and abolish it Shogunate system . In the same year, Emperor Meiji and his reformist troops entered Edo Prefecture and changed it into Tokyo Prefecture. Since then, Tokyo has become the capital of Japan.

In the eleventh year of Meiji (1878), the Izu Islands were placed under the administration of Tokyo Prefecture.

In the thirteenth year of Meiji (1880), Ogasawara Islands were put under the administration of Tokyo Prefecture.

On May 1, 1889, the twenty-second year of Meiji (1889), the central area of Tokyo Prefecture was analyzed and Tokyo City was established, with jurisdiction over 15 districts; Government and city coexist.

In the 26th year of Meiji (1893), the Mitama region was transferred from Kanagawa Prefecture to Tokyo Prefecture.

During the Meiji period (1868-1912), Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo were renovated, using bricks and stones to build houses and cobblestone roads.

In September 1923, the Great Kanto Earthquake devastated central Tokyo, leaving more than 140,000 people dead or missing and 300,000 houses destroyed.

In the 18th year of Showa (1943), affected by the Second World War, Tokyo Prefecture and Tokyo City were abolished and Tokyo Metropolitan Government was established.

At the end of World War II, Tokyo was hit by 102 air raids, and its population plummeted. After the war, Tokyo began a reconstruction program.

In the 22nd year of Showa (1947), Japan implemented a new system of local self-government and elected the first governor of Tokyo.

In 1991, the Tokyo Metropolitan Office moved from Marunouchi to Shinjuku ^[9] .

Administrative division

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EDITOR

History of zoning

On May 1, 1889, in the 22nd year of Meiji, the city of Tokyo was established with 15 districts. In the seventh year of Showa (1932), the city of Tokyo merged the surrounding areas and administered 35 districts. In the 18th year of Showa (1943), Tokyo Prefecture and Tokyo City were merged to form the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. On March 15, 1947, the 22nd year of Showa (1947), the Tokyo Metropolitan District (formerly Tokyo City District) was re-divided into 22 districts. On August 1 of the same year, the old Liangma Town and four other villages were separated from Banqiao District to set up the Liangma District. This year, the Tokyo Metropolitan Area has jurisdiction over 23 wards ^[9] .

Tokyo Metropolitan District Department

Zoning details

According to the official website of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in July 2023, Tokyo has jurisdiction over 23 special districts, 26 cities, 5 towns, and 8 villages, which are divided into three major parts: Ward (special District), Tama Area, and Island area. Among them, the district contains 23 special districts; The Tama region consists of 26 cities, 3 towns and 1 village. The island areas include those located in the southern waters of Tokyo Bay Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands Contains 2 towns and 7 villages; Tokyo Metropolitan Administration (Government) District Headquarters Shinjuku Ward ^[8] .

Owning region	Administrative district name
precinct (including 23 special areas)	Chiyoda Ward , Central area , Harbour district , Shinjuku , Wenjing District , Shibuya , Adachi , Banqiao District , Jiangdong District , Nakano , Setagaya District , Taidong District , Arakawa-ku , Katsura , Meguro , Training area , Suginskiy Rayon , Toshima-ku , Edogawa Ward , North District , Datian District , Shinagawa , Motian District
Tama region (Including 26 cities, 3 towns and 1 village)	Akino City , Futanaka , Hamura , The city of Todaiwa , Kiyose , Kokufenji City , Machida , Musashino City , Tachikawa , Hinode-Machi , Okutama , Akijima , Fukuo , East Kurume City , Hino , Xiaoping City , 狛 Jiang , Mitaka , Beijing , Tama , Hinawara , Chopu , Hachioji , Higashimurayama , Inagi , Koganai City , National city , Musashimurayama City , Qingplum City , Mizuho
Island area (Including 2 towns and 7 villages)	Hachoma , Tsingtao Village , Miyake , Toshima , Oshima , Kamitsujima Village , Nijima , Ozashima Village , Ogasawara Village
Reference materials: ^[11]

Administrative divisions of Tokyo

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Location boundary

Tokyo is located in Japan Honshu East, south of Kanto Plain, south neighbor Gulf of Tonkin Located roughly in the center of the Japanese archipelago. The east is bounded by Edogawa and connected with Chiba Prefecture; In the west, it is bounded by mountains and adjoins Yamanashi Prefecture. The south is bounded by Tama River, adjacent to Kanagawa Prefecture; North and Saitama Connected. It covers an area of 2,194 square kilometers, which is 0.6% of the total area of Japan ^[8] .

Tokyo

landform

The city of Tokyo has an east-west width of about 85 kilometers and a north-south length of about 25 kilometers. In the fifty-seventh year of Showa (1982), 39.2% of Tokyo's land area was mountainous, 7.6% hilly, 29.1% mesa, 12.7% lowland, and 11.4% other landforms (mostly reclaimed land). In terms of land use, in the 12th year of Heisei (2000), 35.8 percent of Tokyo's land was forest, 0.2 percent was paddy fields, 3.9 percent was dry fields, 48.8 percent was street land, and 11.3 percent was other land.

The topography of Tokyo Prefecture and Tama Prefecture can be roughly divided into four parts from east to west: Nakagawa Lowland, Musashino Platform, Tama Hills, and Kanto Mountains. The Nakagawa Lowland is located between the Musashino Platform and the Shimitomo Platform, and covers the eastern part of the Tokyo metropolitan area. It was formed by the Riegawa River diverting the Edogawa River and Arakawa River. In Edogawa ward and Kangdong Ward, there are large areas with an altitude of less than 0 meters. Musashino Platform, which includes the western part of Tokyo Prefecture and the eastern part of Tama Prefecture, is a platform formed during the Pleistocene plateau movement. In the eastern part of the Musashino Platform, there are many small valleys formed by rivers, and the Shibuya area belongs to this type of terrain. These river valleys are also the reason for the numerous ramps in the western part of the Tokyo Metropolitan area. The Tama Hills are a transitional zone between the Musashino Platform and the Kanto Mountains, with the foothills of Takamo in the west and Machida City in the east, and are mainly composed of Tertiary strata. The western part of the Tama region belongs to the Kanto Mountain region formed during the Paleozoic to Mesozoic periods, and parts of it are divided into Fuji Hakone Izu National Park, Chichibu Tama Kafi National Park, and Meiji Shimori Takao National Park. The highest peak in Tokyo is Mount Unori, located on the border of Tokyo, Saitama and Yamanashi prefectures, at a height of 13 meters in 2017. The Tama area of Tokyo has many active faults at the junction of the Kanto Mountains and the Kanto Plain. The surface of the Tokyo metropolitan area is covered by relatively new deposits, and it is difficult to find active faults, but there are active faults, and they are the cause of submetropolitan earthquakes ^[34] .

Location of Tokyo

The island part of Tokyo is mainly composed of the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, as well as the volcanic islands, Nishinoshima Island, and Minamitori Island, which are not inhabited by civilians. The Izu Islands, located 120 to 600 kilometers south of Tokyo proper, include nine inhabited islands - Oshima, Rijima, Nijima, Shikinoshima, Kamizu, Miyake, Ozo, Hacho and Qingdao - as well as more than 100 uninhabited islands. The Izu Islands are all volcanic islands with very active volcanic activities, among which Mount Mihara on Oshima Island and Mount Yuo on Miyake Island are the most frequent. Ogasawara Islands are composed of 聟 islands, Fujima islands and mother islands, the largest of which is Fujima island, with an area of 23.45 square meters. Nishinoshima, located on the western side of the Ogasawara Islands, has experienced several volcanic eruptions since the 25th year of Heisei (2013), expanding its area to 4.1 square kilometers. Located on the southern side of the Ogasawara chain, the largest island is Iwo Jima, which was the scene of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Okinotorishima and Minamitori are both isolated islands, the former being the southernmost and the latter the easternmost of Japanese territory. Depending on the latitude and longitude of the island region, about 30 percent of Japan's exclusive economic zone is administered by the Tokyo metropolitan government ^[27] ^[34] .

Tokyo Prefecture

climate

Tokyo belongs to Subtropical monsoon climate With four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. Spring is generally sunny with light clouds and occasional rain. In the rainy season, it is susceptible to the influence of the retention front and long-term rainfall. Summer comes after the rainy season. In summer, affected by the southeast monsoon, there is more precipitation, high temperature and heat, and there are often typhoons. Autumn is affected by typhoons and autumn rain fronts, and it is easy to rain. Before and after winter, low pressure passes, and strong winds are easy to occur; Because Tokyo is on the leeward side, there are few days of rain or snow, mostly sunny and dry days, and it is the least cloudy season of the year ^[34] .

In the fourth year of Reiwa (2022), the average annual temperature in Tokyo is 15.8 degrees Celsius, and the average annual precipitation is 1598.2 mm ^[16] .

Meteorological data for Tokyo from 1991 to 2020
month	Jan.	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	Oct.	November	December	annual
Mean high temperature (° C)	9.8	10.9	14.2	19.4	23.6	26.1	29.9	31.3	27.5	22.0	16.7	12.0	20.3
Average daily temperature (° C)	5.4	6.1	9.4	14.3	18.8	21.9	25.7	26.9	23.3	18.0	12.5	7.7	15.8
Mean low temperature (° C)	1.2	2.1	5.0	9.8	14.6	18.5	22.4	23.5	20.3	14.8	8.8	3.8	12.1
Mean precipitation (mm)	59.7	56.5	116.0	133.7	139.7	167.8	156.2	154.7	224.9	234.8	96.3	57.9	1598.2
Average relative humidity (%)	51	52	57	62	68	75	76	74	75	71	64	56	65
Average sunshine duration (h)	192.6	170.4	175.3	178.8	179.6	124.2	151.4	174.2	126.7	129.4	149.8	174.4	1926.7
Data source: Meteorological Agency, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, Japan; Statistical scope: From 1991 to 2000 (2020) ^[5]

hydrology

There are 107 rivers in Tokyo, with a total length of about 858 kilometers; Among them, 92 first-class rivers belong to the Tama River system, Arakawa River system, Ligon river system, Tsurumi river system. There are 15 second-class rivers ^[28] . Major rivers in Tokyo include Edogawa , Nakagawa, Ayase, Arakawa , New river bank, Sumida Gawa , Tamagawa Let's wait. Among them, Edogawa It originates from the base point of Sekjuku in Goxia Town, Ibaraki Prefecture, and Noda City, Chiba Prefecture, and flows south Ibaraki prefecture , Chiba-ken , Saitama In the vicinity of Ichikawa City in Chiba Prefecture, the old Edogawa River is divided into "Edogawa Release Road" and "Hara Ryu Road". The "Edogawa Water Release Road" starts from the Yutoku movable weir (Edogawa Estuary weir) and starts from the estuaries of Ichikawa and Funabashi. After the merger of the old Edogawa with the new Nakagawa, from Urayasu The estuaries of Edogawa Ward and Edogawa Ward in Tokyo respectively flow into Tokyo Bay. The river water that flows from the Riegawa River into the Edogawa River merges with the "Kitakiba Waterway" and becomes an important source of water supply for the Japanese capital area ^[21] .

population

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EDITOR

As of the end of the fourth year of Reiwa (2022), the permanent population of Tokyo is 1,4042127, of which 6,889,012 are males and 7,153,115 are females; There were 569,979 foreign nationals ^[16] .

As of October 1, 2020, the estimated population of Tokyo is 14.065 million, accounting for 11.1% of the total population of Japan, ranking first among Japan's 47 prefectures. The population density of Tokyo is 6,410 people per square kilometer, the highest in Japan. In terms of population by region, the population of Tokyo metropolitan area is 9.745 million, the population of Tama area is 4.296,000, and the population of Shimabe is 24,000. There are 7.219 million households, with an average size of 1.95 people per household. The foreign population is 539,000 ^[10] .

In the three years of Reiwa (2021), the number of deaths in Tokyo for the whole year was 127,649, of which 81,409 were over 80 years old; The main cause of death was cancer ^[21] .

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

Tokyo has a developed economy, yes East Asia And the world's most important economic capital New York , London , Hong Kong , Paris , Shanghai , Singapore Together, these cities are regarded as the economic centers of the world. in Three major industries Middle, Tokyo Primary industry The proportion is the smallest, mainly concentrated in the Tama area and the island; Secondary industry Mainly concentrated in the fringes of the Tokyo metropolitan area; Tertiary industry The largest proportion, mainly concentrated in the Tokyo metropolitan area center, including Marunouchi Surrounding a large number of corporate headquarters and Ginza And other traditional commercial neighborhoods ^[16] .

Tokyo night view

Tall buildings in Tokyo

The Tokyo skyline

Tokyo has historically been the economic center of Japan. World War II ( War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression After the end, Japan's economy, including Tokyo's, picked up. In the 1960s, Tokyo entered an era of rapid economic growth. With the introduction of technological innovation and new industries and technologies, Chemical fiber , TV set , refrigerator , Washing machine The mass production of household appliances began, and the life of the people in Tokyo changed greatly. In the 1980s, Tokyo achieved rapid economic growth through internationalization and informatization, and became an international metropolis featuring science and technology, culture and fashion. After the sixty-first year of Showa (1986), Tokyo saw the emergence of" Bubble economy "The phenomenon, Land price and stock Soaring. After entering the 1990s, Japan's bubble economy collapsed. With the continuous economic downturn, the tax revenue dropped sharply, and the Tokyo metropolitan Government faced a financial crisis. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has overcome its financial crisis through two fiscal reconstruction measures ^[9] .

In the fourth year of Reiwa (2022), the GDP of the Tokyo Metropolitan area was $1.06 trillion, accounting for 20.7% of Japan's GDP; Per capita GDP of US $75,500; The budget is 112 billion dollars ^[16] .

Primary industry

agriculture

As of February 2020, there were 9,567 agricultural households in Tokyo, including 4,961 non-profit households and 4,606 profit-oriented households. There are 13,427 hectares of fields and 84,265 hectares of orchards; There were 5,117 agricultural operating entities, of which 615 had no income, 1,172 had less than 500,000 yen, 743 had more than 500,000 yen less than 1 million yen, 1,303 had more than 1 million yen less than 3 million yen, and 524 had more than 3 million yen less than 5 million yen; 491 entities with revenues of more than 5 million yen and less than 10 million yen; 211 entities with revenues of more than 10 million yen and less than 30 million yen; 58 entities with revenues of more than 30 million yen ^[21] .

forestry

As of February of the second year of Reiwa (2020), Tokyo's forest area was 76,160 hectares. Among them, 4,968 hectares of state-owned forest; Indigenous forests (including those owned by local governments) are 71,192 hectares, of which 47,179 hectares are fully privately owned ^[21] .

aquaculture

Tokyo's fisheries can be divided into the Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands and other island areas of fisheries; Fisheries in the inner bay of Tokyo Bay; Inland fisheries centered on the Tamagawa River system ^[35] . In the two years of Reiwa (2020), Tokyo's annual fishery output was 2,755,405 kg, with an output value of 3,089,178 yen. Among them, fish production is 2,374,348 kg, with an output value of 2,709,574 yen; The output of shellfish is 66,323 kg, with an output value of 32,998 yen; Algae production 172,529 kg, the value of 97,550 yen; The output of other aquatic animals was 142,205 kg, with an output value of 249,056 yen. As of the 30th year of Heisei (2018), there were 512 fisheries operating entities in Tokyo. There are 503 individuals, 4 clubs, 3 fisheries cooperative organizations and 2 others ^[21] .

Secondary industry

83.9% of the manufacturing businesses in Tokyo are located in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Ota is home to more than 10% of the manufacturing enterprises in Tokyo, making it the most industrially intensive area in Tokyo. The eastern districts of Adachi, Moda, Katsushika, and Edogawa are also densely populated with factories. The average number of employees of manufacturing facilities in Tama area, the amount of industrial products produced, and the amount of added value are all higher than those in the Tokyo metropolitan area, indicating that the average size of industrial enterprises in Tama area is larger than that in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Since the late 1930s, due to the densification of the Keihama industrial Zone, the Japanese government promoted the relocation of heavy industries such as military factories from the Tokyo Metropolitan area to the Tama area, which promoted the industrialization of Tama.

The industrial distribution within Tokyo has regional characteristics. The manufacturing industry in the downtown area and the northern area of Tokyo is dominated by the printing industry. In the southern part of the city, Oda Ward is dominated by machinery and metal manufacturing, while Shinagawa Ward and Meguro Ward are dominated by electrical machinery manufacturing. The industrial composition in the east of the city is more diversified, and there is no extremely prominent manufacturing industry, but the proportion of daily consumer goods industry is relatively high. The western part of the city is dominated by information and communication machinery and food manufacturing. The electrical machinery manufacturing industry and the automobile industry occupy the highest proportion of industry in Tama area, which shows that the industry in Tama area is characterized by large-scale workshops ^[34] .

As of June 2020, a total of 9,887 entities in Tokyo are engaged in industrial production, with a total of 245,851 industrial workers.

Reiwa three-year (2021), Tokyo industrial production index 85.7%, of which production machinery industry 148.1%, non-ferrous metal industry 115.8%, food industry 106.6%, paper processing industry 105.9%, rubber products industry 101.5%, electrical machinery industry 101.3%. In the first year of Reiwa (2019), the total amount of cash given by Tokyo Metropolitan Industry was 119,096,804 yen, and the amount of raw materials used was 403,063,338 yen ^[21] .

Tertiary industry

The tertiary industry in Tokyo has the largest scale, accounting for about 90% of the GDP of the metropolitan area, which is mainly concentrated in the center of the Tokyo metropolitan area. The value of Tokyo's financial industry exceeds 600 trillion yen, and the average daily trading volume of the stock market is 3 trillion yen ^[46] It is the world famous financial capital, with the headquarters of many large banks and securities companies in Japan. After the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq, the Tokyo Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange outside the United States by market capitalization Tokyo also regards the international financial city as an important development goal ^[36] .

As of June 2016, the 26th year of Heisei, there were 109,536 entities engaged in business and trade work in Tokyo, with 1,472,261 business and trade workers, and the annual volume of merchandise sales was 18,600,270 million yen. Among them, the wholesale industry is 166,915,871 million yen, and the retail industry is 190,086,829 million yen.

In the second year of Reiwa (2020), Tokyo's exports amounted to 15,634,986 million yen, and its imports amounted to 24,347,132 million yen. The Port of Tokyo exported 5,233,124 million yen and imported 10,994,662 million yen. Haneda Airport exports 243,013 million yen, imports 549,446 million yen; Narita Airport exports 10,185,849 million yen and imports 12,803,024 million yen ^[21] .

As of the end of the Reiwa three-year period (2021), there were over 1,500 financial institutions and 1,213 banks (including branches) in Tokyo. The total assets are 23,1482 billion yen and the total liabilities are 300,960.2 billion yen. In the three years of Reiwa (2021), the Tokyo Stock Market has a total of 245 trading days in the year, and there are a total of 2,182 listed companies in the city, with an average daily trading volume of 1,370,725 ^[21] .

Tokyo Prefecture

transportation

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EDITOR

highroad

Tokyo Prefecture Road transport Developed, there are included East Name Highway , Close the automatic lane (highway), Central automatic lane , Tokyo Outer Ring automatic lane And so many high-speed automatic cars The national road ; There are high-speed bay coastline, high-speed central loop line and other cities expressway .

As of April 2022, the total highway mileage in Tokyo is 24,741,402 meters, and the total highway area is 19,0309,050 square meters. The Tokyo Metropolitan Transportation Bureau manages 2,242,769 meters of highway mileage. The East and Central Japan Expressway is 78,238 meters, the Capital Expressway is 201,954 meters, the general national highway is 74,255 meters, and the main local highway is 974,315 meters; In addition, there are also prefectures, districts, municipalities and villages. According to the paving material, cement road 558633 meters, asphalt road 15106429 meters, brick road 189129 meters. As of April 2022, there are 689 Bridges in Tokyo, with a total bridge length of 39,253 meters.

By the end of the third year (2021), there were 3,083,616 registered motor vehicles in Tokyo. There were 375,762 trucks, of which 124,419 were ordinary trucks, 242,060 were minivans and 9,283 were tractor-trailers. There were 2,596,869 buses, of which 1,584,557 were ordinary buses and 1,012,312 were small buses. There are 1,794 paid parking lots with a capacity of 299,313 vehicles ^[21] .

railway

Main line

Tokyo Metropolitan railway system developed, network crisscross, is one of the world's longest rail lines, the highest density of the road network is one of Japan's important railway transportation hub. Railways in the Tokyo metropolitan area can be divided into two categories: public and private. The national railway is operated by the Japan Railway Corporation (Nippon Railway Corporation). JR ) subordinate Tokai Railway (JR Tokai) and East Japan Railway (JR East Japan) operation; Private railway transportation Oda emergency electric railway , King electric Railway Operated by private railway companies such as Tokyu Electric Railway and Seibu Electric Railway.

JR routes and their colors in Tokyo

According to the function, the railway in Tokyo can be divided into two categories: external railway and suburban commuter railway. The Onwai Railway is mainly composed of Shinkansen lines operated by JR Tokai, connecting the Keihanshin metropolitan area and the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area Nagoya metropolitan Area . Suburban commuter railways are mainly composed of JR East Japan Railway and private railways, connecting the suburbs of Tokyo and surrounding cities, bearing the traffic pressure of suburban commuting and school access. Since private railways are not allowed to enter the center of Tokyo, they do not undertake urban commuting tasks ^[17] .

Part of the national railway lines in Tokyo
Line name	Operating unit	Starting station	Terminal station	Abbreviated code	Identifying color
The Tokaido Shinkansen	JR Tokai	Tokyo Station	Shin-osaka Station	-	aurantium
Tohoku Shinkansen	JR East		Shin-aomori Station		-
Yamagata Shinkansen			Sinzhuang Station
The Akita Shinkansen			Akita Station
Kamikoshi Shinkansen			Niigata Station
The Hokuriku Shinkansen			Kamikoshi Miaoke high station
Yamanote line		Tokyo Station (Circle Line)	Tokyo Station (Circle Line)	JY	chartreuse
Keihama Tohoku Line , Root shoreline		Ofunda Station	Yokohama Station	JK	Sky blue
Chuo Line, Green Plum Line, five City Line		Tokyo Station	Otsuki Station (Chuo Main Line)	JC	orange
			Musashi Koichi Station (Koichi Line)
			Okutama Station (Qingmei Line)
Central Line , General military line Parking at each station		Mitaka Station	Chiba Station	JB	yellow
Shonan Shinjuku Line		Qianqiao Station	Odawara Station	JS	red
Keiye line		Tokyo Station	Su I stand	JE	fuchsia
Musashino line		West Funabashi Station	Fuzhong Mocho	JM	orange
Yokosuka Line, Sotake Line, Express Line, Narita Line		Kurihama Station	Narita Airport Station	JO	blue
Yokohama line		East Kanagawa Station	Hachioji Station	JH	turquoise
Utsunomiya Line (Tohoku Line) and Takasaki Line		Tokyo Station	Omiya Station	JU	orange
Minambu Line		Tachikawa station	Hamakawasaki Station	JN	yellow
Tokaido Line and ITO Line		Tokyo Station	Itung Station	JT	orange
Constant plate line fast		Ueno station	Hand taking station	JJ	turquoise
Stop at all stations on the Changpan line		Ayase Station	Hand taking station	JL	gray
Saiteo Line		Osaki station	Omiya Station	JA	green
Eight-high line		Hachioji Station	Goryeo Chon Station	-	-
Reference materials: ^[17]

Shinkansen train

Some private railway lines in Tokyo
Line name	Operating unit	Starting station	Terminal station
Oda Kyu Odawara line	Oda emergency electric railway	Shinjuku Station	Odawara Station
Oda Tama line		New Lily Hill Station	Tangmutian Station
Oda Kuejima Line		Sagami Ohno Station	Katase Enoshima Station
Keio line	King electric Railway	Shinjuku Station	Keiwang Hachi-Prince Station
Keio Well head line		Shibuya Station	Kichiji Station
Jingwang Racecourse line		Dongfuzhong Station	Fuzhong race horse front gate station
Keiwang Gaotail line		Kitano station	Takao Yamaguchi Station
Keio New Line		Sasazuka Station	Shinjuku Station
Keikyu main line	Keikyu Railway	Quan Yue Temple Station	Uraga Station
Keikyu Master Line		Harmachi station	Kojima Nikita Station
Beijing Emergency Airport Line		Koji Station	Haneda Airport Terminal 1 and 2
Kyu teasing sub line		Rokuura Station	Tauko Hayama Station
Keikyu Kurihama Line		Shin-otsu Station	Misakiguchi Station
Beijing cost line	Keisei Electric Railway	Keisei Ueno Station	Narita Airport Terminal 1
Keisei Bet online	Keisei Electric Railway	Oshikami Station	Aoto Station
Seibu Ikebukuro Line	Seibu Railway Road	Ikebukuro Station	Seibu Chichibu Station
Seibu Shinjuku Line		Seibu Shinjuku Station	Honkawa Etsu Station
Seibu Kokuji Line		Kokufenji Station	Higashimurayama Station
Tobu Isesaki Line	Tobu Railway Road	Asakusa Station	Isesaki Station
Tobu Kameto Line		Towing station	Kameto Station
East wudong East line		Ikebukuro Station	Sojourn station
Tokyu Setagaya Line	Tokyu Railway	Sanxuan tea House station	Shimotakaido Station
Higashu Oi-machi Line		Oimachi Station	Gouzhikou Station
Higashu Ikegami Line		Wufutian Station	Urata Station
Tokyu Rural City Line		Shibuya Station	Central Forest Station
Tokyu East transverse line		Shibuya Station	Yokohama Station
Tokyu Mekuroku Line		Meguro station	Hiyoshi Station
Tokyo Linhai High Speed Railway Linhai Line	Tokyo Waterfront high-speed Railway	Shinkiba Station	Osaki station
Tokyo waterfront new traffic Yuriko line	Lily gull	Sinbashi station	Toyosu Station
Tsukuba Express Line	New Metropolitan Railway in the metropolitan area	Akihabara Station	Tsukuba Station
Haneda Airport Line	Tokyo monorail	Haneda Airport Terminal 2	The 浜松町 station
The Disney Resort Line	-	Resort Entrance Station (Circle Line)	Resort Entrance Station (Circle Line)
Reference materials: ^[17]

Tokyo metropolitan rail transit general map

Main station

Station name	Traffic line	Local administrative district	Year of opening	Station code
Tokyo Station	Tokyo Chishita Temarunouchi Line; Tokaido Shinkansen; Utsunomiya Line (Tohoku Line) and Takasaki Line; Keihin Tohoku Line and Neishi Line; Jing-ye Line; Chuo Line, Qingmei Line, Koichi Line; Tokaido Line and ITO Line; Yamanote line; Yokosuka Line, Sotake Line, Express Line, Narita Line	Chiyoda Ward	Taisho three years (1914)	TYO
Shinjuku Station	King Line; Oda Kyu Odawara line; Seibu Shinjuku Line; Toei Oedo Line; Toei Shinjuku Line; Tokyo Chishita Temarunouchi Line; Saitkyo Line; Shonan Shinjuku Line; Chuo Line, Qingmei Line, Koichi Line; Stop at all stations of Chuo Line and Zong Wu Line; Yamanote line	Shinjuku	The 18th Year of Meiji (1885)	SJK
Ueno station	Tokyo Metro Ginza Line; Tokyo Subway Hibiya Line; Keisei main line; Utsunomiya Line (Tohoku Line) and Takasaki Line; Keihin Tohoku Line and Neishi Line; Chang pan line fast; Yamanote line	Taidong District	Sixteenth Year of Meiji (1883)	UEN
Shinagawa Station	Beijing emergency this line; Tokaido Shinkansen; Keihin Tohoku Line and Neishi Line; Tokaido Line and ITO Line; Yamanote line; Yokosuka Line, Sotake Line, Express Line, Narita Line	Harbour district	Five years of Meiji (1872)	SGW
Reference materials: ^[17]

aviation

Tokyo International Airport

Tokyo International Airport Haneda Airport, also known as Haneda Airport, is located in Tokyo Datian District , for Class 4F airport It is an international aviation hub, the national central airport of Japan, and the largest airport in Japan, and was completed in 1931.

Tokyo International Airport is Japan Airlines , All Nippon Airways , Tianma Airlines , Hokkaido International Airlines , Asia Skynet The main operational hub airport of Xingyue Airlines, Singapore Airlines The base of the airport. Linghe Five Years (2023) In summer and autumn, Tokyo International Airport opens flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou , Shenzhen , Tianjin , Qingdao , Dalian , Hong Kong, Taipei And several flights from Chinese cities ^[18] .

Narita International Airport

Narita International Airport (Narita Airport), located in Narita City, Chiba Prefecture, 63.5 kilometers west of the center of Tokyo, is a 4F international airport, an international aviation hub, and Japan's national central airport, which was opened in Showa 53 years (1978).

During the summer and autumn flight season in 2023, Narita International Airport opens to fly to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Chongqing , Nanjing , Hangzhou , Qingdao, Xi 'an , Chengdu , Dalian, Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) , Xiamen (in Fujian Province) , Harbin , Zhengzhou , Kunming , Changchun , Shenyang (in Liaoning Province) , Hong Kong, Taipei, Kaohsiung And many other Chinese cities. There are check-in counters of China Southern Airlines (North wing), All Nippon Airways, Air China (south wing) and other airlines in Terminal 1 of the airport. There are counters of Japan Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Hainan Airlines and Cathay Pacific Airlines in Terminal 2. Terminal 3 is mainly occupied by low-cost airline counters ^[19] .

shipping

Port of Tokyo Located in the southeast of Tokyo, near the Tokyo Bay, it is an important international trade port, an international strategic port, and one of the three major passenger ports in Japan, with a history dating back to the three years of Kangzheng (1457). Tokyo Port has four passenger terminals and a ferry terminal, including Takeba, Ariake (Tokyo Port Ferry Terminal), Qinghai (Tokyo International Cruise Terminal) and Harumi, and cargo terminals such as Oai and Shinagawa ^[39] .

The port of Tokyo has shipping routes to the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Among them, the shipping from Tokyo port to Izu Islands is undertaken by the Tokai Steamboat, passengers board the ship at Takeshi Pier in Tokyo Port, and take the high-speed jet boat to arrive at Oshima Island at 1:45 and Shenzu Island at 3:05; By large passenger boat, it takes 9:55 to arrive at Kamizu Island and 10:20 to arrive at Hacho Island ^[40] . Trips to the Ogasawara Islands are mainly carried by Ogasawara Sea Transport ^[41] .

Linghe three years (2021), the port of Tokyo container throughput reached 4.86 million TEU (International TEU unit), of which foreign trade container throughput reached 4.33 million TEU (international TEU unit) ^[39] .

Public transport

subway

Tokyo's subways are mainly located in the downtown area of Tokyo (ward) and undertake urban commuting tasks by Tokyo Subway Co., LTD operational Tokyo subway (Tokyo Metro) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Transportation Authority All camp under the iron (Toei Subway) consists of two major systems; There are 13 lines with a total mileage of 304 kilometers. Among them, the Tokyo subway has 9 lines, with a total mileage of 195 kilometers; There are 4 railway lines under the capital camp, with a total mileage of 109 km.

List of subway lines in Tokyo
Line name	Operating unit	Operating range	Line length	Number of stations	Opening time
Tokyo Subway Hibiya Line	Tokyo Subway Co., LTD	Kitasumi Station - Nakameguro Station	20.3 km	22 stations	The year 1961
Tokyo Metro Ginza Line		Asakusa Station - Shibuya Station	14.2 km	19 stations	The year 1927
The Marunouchi line of the Tokyo subway		Ikebukuro Station - Ogiwa Station (Main line)	24.2 km	25 stations	1954
The Marunouchi line of the Tokyo subway		Nakano Sakami Station - Fang Nanmachi Station (branch line)	3.2 km	3 stops	1954
Tokyo Subway East-West Line		Nakano Station - Nishinabashi Station	30.8 km	23 stations	The year 1964
Tokyo Subway North-South Line		Meguro Station - Akabanibuchi Station	21.3 km	19 stations	The year 1991
Tokyo Subway Yurakucho Line		Hikoichi Station - Otake Muchihara Station - Shinkiba Station	28.3 km	24 stations	The year 1974
Tokyo Subway subcenter line		Hikoichi Station - Shibuya Station	20.2 km	16 stops	The year 2008
Tokyo Subway Chiyoda Line		Yoyogi Uehara Station - Kitayase Station	24 km	20 stations	The year 1969
Tokyo Subway Hanzo Gate Line		Shibuya Station - Oshigami Station	16.8 km	14 stations	The year 1978

List of metro lines in Duying
Line name	Operating unit	Operating range	Line length	Number of stations	Opening time
Toei Asakusa Line	Tokyo Metropolitan Transportation Department	Sima 込 station - Oshigami Station	18.3 km	20 stations	The year 1960
Toying Mita Line		Platinum Takahashi Station - Nishitakashima Hira Station	24.2 km	27 stations	The year 1968
Toying Mita Line		Meguro Station - Platinum Takahashi Station (Main operation of Tokyo Subway)	2.3 km	27 stations	The year 1968
Toei Shinjuku Line		Shinjuku Station - Honhachiman Station	23.5 km	21 stations	The year 1978
Toei Oedo Line		Shinjuku West Exit - Hikaru Station	12.9 km	38 stations	The year 1991
Toei Oedo Line		Docheikan Station - Docheikan Station (Circle Line)	27.8 km	38 stations	The year 1991
Reference materials: ^[37]

Tokyo Metro map

The Tokyo Metropolitan bus system is well developed, with numerous and complex routes, mainly operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Transportation Authority City bus (Toei Bus) runs between the center of the 23rd ward of Tokyo and the Shii area, parts of Edogawa, and parts of Tama. It has a large number of routes, covering all kinds of sightseeing spots in the central area of Tokyo and the market area ^[20] .

By the end of the third year of Reiwa (2021), there were 15,720 public buses in Tokyo. Duying bus service mileage of 765.1 km, a total of 131 lines, 3831 bus stations ^[21] .

political

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EDITOR

Political structure

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government implements a system of separation of the legislature and the executive congress And the hall.

Tokyo metropolitan Assembly It's from Tokyo legislature Directly elected by the people assemblyman Composed of 127 members, each elected for a four-year term. The leader of the Council is speaker , elected from among the members of Parliament. The Speaker represents the Parliament, presides over its meetings, conducts its business, and expresses the views of the Parliament. The Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly sets up the Assembly Bureau, and the chairman has the power to appoint and remove the staff of the Bureau. The Metropolitan Assembly has nine standing committees, each of which is responsible for specialized review and investigation of matters under its jurisdiction ^{12 - [13]} .

Tokyo Metropolitan Government It is the administrative body of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, whose leaders are called Magistrate of a county It governs the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and is directly elected by the people for a term of four years. The Tokyo Metropolitan Authority consists of the governor's Department, local public enterprises, administrative committees and other departments ^[12] .

Current leader

unit	Position	name
Tokyo Metropolitan Government	Magistrate of a county	Yuriko Koike
Tokyo Metropolitan Government	Deputy governor	Kuronuma Yasushi, Chaoda Tsutomu, Nakamura Renji, Miyazaka Gaku
Tokyo metropolitan Assembly	speaker	Ryoichi Ishikawa
Tokyo metropolitan Assembly	Deputy speaker	Katsuichi Nagashi
Reference materials: ^{[14, 15]}

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

Educational cause

As of May 2021, there are 4,425 schools in Tokyo with 2,345,909 students. Full-time teacher 157,915 people. There are 976 kindergartens, 1,328 primary schools, 801 middle schools, 429 high schools, 160 universities, and 401 junior colleges. By school type, schools in Tokyo are divided into state-run , public , private Three kinds ^[21] .

There are many colleges and universities in Tokyo. University of Tokyo (The University of Tokyo), the first in Japan National university , too Asia Founded one of the first universities, Yu heaven Four years (1684) founded, the Meiji decade (1877) restructured as a university, said Tokyo Imperial University . After World War II (Anti-Japanese War), it was renamed the University of Tokyo. The University of Tokyo is the first university in Japan to be established in accordance with the modern academic system, and it is also the highest academic temple in Japan, and its graduates include many national leaders. In addition to that, Waseda University , Keio University , and Tokyo Institute of Technology Both are well-known institutions of higher learning in Asia.

List of universities in Tokyo
category	University name
National university	University of Tokyo	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Hitotsubashi University	Tokyo Medical and Dental University	Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
	Ochamizu Women's University	Tokyo University of the Arts	Tokyo Gakuei University	Tokyo University of Marine Sciences	Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
	University of Electrical and Communication	Graduate School of Policy Studies University	-
Public university	Tokyo Metropolitan University	Graduate School of Industrial Technology	-
Private university	Keio University	Waseda University	Sophia University	International Christian University	Tokyo University of Science
	Meiji University	Aoyama Gakuin University	Rikkyo University	Central University	Hosei University
	Gakushuin University	Nihon University	Komazawa University	Toyo University	Specialized university
	Tama Art University	Musashino Art University	Tokyo Shape University	Women's Art University	Kuniguin University
	Shiba University of Technology	Seikei University	Chengcheng University	Tokyo Metropolitan University	Tsuda Juku University
	Teikyo University	Asia University	Cherry Lynch University	Ueno Gakuen University	Gakuen Women's University
	Big Wife Women's University	Ohara Graduate School University	Grand Joy University	Gakushuin Women's University	Kitasato University
	Kyonje Women's University	Xinglin University	National University of Music	Grobis runs the Graduate School University	Huiquan Women's College
	Polytechnic university	International Graduate School of Buddhist Studies	Guoshiguan University	Children's education Bao Xian University	Komazawa Women's University
	Industrial energy University	Graduate School of Business Planning	Practical women's University	Shuntian University	Showa University
	Showa Women's University	Showa Pharmaceutical University	Baimei Gakuen University	White Lily Women's University	Sugino University of Clothing
	Soka University	Sacred Heart University for Women	Cheongcheon Women's University	St. Luke's International University	Taisho University
	Daito Culture University	Takayachiho University	Takushoku University	Tama University	Tamagawa University
	Teikyo University of Science	Teikyo Heisei University	Digital Hollywood University	Tokyo Ariake Medical University	Tokyo Medical University
	Tokyo Medical College University	Tokyo University of Medical Care	Tokyo University of Music	Tokyo University of Housekeeping	Tokyo Gakuin University
	Tokyo University of Economics	Tokyo University of Technology	Tokyo Polytechnic University	Tokyo Dental University	Tokyo Cihuikai Medical University
	Tokyo Junshin University	Tokyo Female Gakukan University	Tokyo Women's University	Tokyo Women's Medical University	Tokyo Women's Sports University
	Tokyo University of Theology	Tokyo Seei University	Tokyo Seitoku University	Tokyo Mirai University	Tokyo Pharmaceutical University
	Dongbang University	Kirimoto Gakuen University	Toyo Gakuen University	Niematsu Gakusha University	Nihon Medical University
	Graduate School of Education, Japan	Japan Dental University	Japan University of Social Enterprise	Japan University of Veterinary Life Sciences	Nihon Women's University
	Japan Women's Sports University	Japan Red Cross Nursing University	Japan Sport University	Nihon Culture University	Hollywood College University
	Business breakthrough university	Culture Gakuen University	Graduate School of Culture and Fashion	Bunkyo Gakuin University	Star Pharmaceutical University
	Musashi University	Musashino University	Musashino University of Music	Meiji Gakuin University	Meiji Pharmaceutical University
	Star university	Meku University	Yamazaki Gakuen University	Attention university	Lutheran College University
	LEC Tokyo University of Legal Thinking	Hikaru University

Sports cause

Tokyo is rich in sports facilities, and with Japanese sports characteristics, there are many judo fields, kendo fields, bow dojo, judo halls and so on. Famous large sports facilities in Tokyo include New National Arena (Olympic Stadium), Tokyo Dome , Tokyo Stadium , National Yoyogi Arena , The Japanese Budokan , National technology museum , Tokyo Stadium , Tokyo Aquatics Center Etc. ^[24] .

By the end of 2018, there were 11,423 sports facilities in Tokyo, including 82 standard track and field stadiums (ground arenas), 649 baseball and softball fields, 214 soccer fields (stadiums), 2,167 multifunctional stadiums, 2,431 swimming pools, 2,644 gymnasiums, 303 judo arenas, and 220 kendo arenas. There are 803 tennis (court) courts and 55 table tennis (Zhuoball) venues ^[21] .

Tokyo has hosted the Olympic Games twice, in Showa 39 (1964) 1964 Tokyo Olympics And Ream and Triennial (2021) organized by Ream and biennial, i.e Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Tokyo became the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games and the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games twice. Among them, the two years (2020) Tokyo Olympic Games because COVID-19 The impact of the epidemic has been postponed to three years (2021). In addition, Tokyo has hosted international sporting events such as the Heisei Triennial (1991) World Athletics Championships. The Tokyo Marathon, which has been running since 2007, has now joined World Marathon Grand Slam It has grown into one of the world's major marathons ^[42] .

Owned by Tokyo Yomiuri Giant and Yondo Swallow Two Japanese professional baseball teams, their home fields are Tokyo Dome and Meiji Jingu Baseball Stadium . Tokyo has FC Tokyo , Tokyo green , Savia Machida Sanke J-League The football team. Of the six main venues of sumo wrestling, the first, summer and autumn venues are all in Tokyo National Technology Museum of the two countries hold ^[43] .

Tokyo Olympic logo

Cultural undertaking

Tokyo is the cultural capital of Japan. In order to create a sustainable, digital and harmonious society, the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Life, Culture and Sports has developed the Tokyo Culture Strategy 2030 plan to revitalize the city through art and culture; Give the people access to art, inspire them and bring them happiness; Promote Japanese culture and make Tokyo an international cultural city ^[23] .

Tokyo is the center of Japan's media and publishing industry. Japan's five national newspapers ( Yomiuri Shimbun A surname Asahi Shimbun , Daily news A surname Nikkei , Sankei Shimbun The headquarters are all located in Tokyo, and there are also local newspapers in Tokyo Tokyo Shimbun . Headquartered in Shibuya the NHK NHK is one of the world's largest public broadcasters, providing domestic broadcasts in Japan Wireless television , Satellite television , AM and FM broadcasting, as well as overseas radio and television services. In addition, Japan's five commercial television core bureaus ( Nippon television , TV Asahi , TBS Television , TV Tokyo , Fuji TV Both are located in Minato Ward, Tokyo ^[44] .

By the end of the third year of Reiwa (2021), there were 392 libraries in Tokyo with a collection of 62,735,807 books. Among them, there is one National library (National Library of Congress), with a collection of 11,927,978 books; Two metropolitan libraries (Tokyo Metropolitan Central Library and Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Library), with a collection of 2,741,824 books; There are 389 urban municipal libraries with a collection of 48066005 books ^[21] .

By the end of the Third year of Reiwa (2021), there are 290 museums in Tokyo. According to the type of exhibition, there are 41 general museums, 109 history museums, 94 art museums, 26 science and technology museums, 4 zoos, 7 botanical gardens, 4 animal, water and botanical gardens, and 5 aquariums ^[21-22] .

Major libraries in Tokyo
National Library of Congress	Tokyo Metropolitan Central Library	Tokyo Tama Library

Major Museums (Art Galleries) in Tokyo
Tokyo National Museum	Nezu Art Museum	Edo Tokyo Museum
National Museum of Science	Mori Art Museum	National Museum of Western Art
Tokyo Garden Art Museum	Tokyo Photo Art Museum	Tokyo Museum of Modern Art
Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum	Tokyo Metropolitan Culture Center	Tokyo Metropolitan Art Theater

Medical and health care

As of October 2020, there were 638 hospitals in Tokyo, of which 588 were general hospitals and 50 were psychiatric hospitals. There are 13,889 medical clinics and 10,642 dental clinics. There are 48,072 doctors and 125,867 hospital beds ^[21] .

History and culture

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EDITOR

Origin of name

Tokyo was first Sato Nobuchi Created in the sixth year of Wenzheng (1823) The secret strategy is mixed in the universe "Appeared in. In the book, Sato records the following idea: In order to make Japan active on the world stage, it is necessary to move the capital to Edo and name it Tokyo Osaka Named Xijing, it forms the three Kyos of Tokyo, Xijing, and Kyoto. Later, Japanese restoration politician Oku Poly Tong Influenced by Sato, he also suggested that Edo be renamed Tokyo. In the first Meiji year, Edo officially changed its name to Tokyo.

The Chinese character writing of "Tokyo", up to the early Showa period, also had the usage of writing "Dongjing". "Jing" is a variant of "Jing". The use of Jing is to distinguish it from the ancient Chinese Tokyo. Luoyang or Break a seal Etc.), and later gradually normalized to the same "Jing" word ^[4] .

Cultural relic

Immovable cultural relic

As of the fifth year of Reiwa (2023), the Tokyo metropolitan Government is total World cultural heritage 1, for "Le Corbusier's architectural works - Outstanding Contributions to the Modern Movement", National Museum of Western Art ^[29] ; There are 88 "National Treasures and important cultural treasures (construction)" (Japan's national cultural relics protection units for architecture); There are 441 "registered tangible cultural goods (construction)" (architectural registered cultural relics protection units) ^[38] .

National Treasure · Important Cultural Property (Construction)
Asakusa Shrine	Old Asakura house	Ikegami Honmoji Temple Pagoda	The old Isoano house
Old Iwasaki house	Old Inju Ikeda Yaiki table door	Nagyonbashi	Old Edo City clear water gate
Old Edo Castle Tian 'an Gate	Yuanrong Temple main hall	The Big Field family residence	Old Kaga Ya Hiki Miori temple door
The old main entrance of the Academy of Learning	Shengxiang Bridge	Kuan Yong Temple old Ben Fang table door	Kwanyong Temple Shimizu Hall
Amitabha Hall of Guanyin Temple	Guanyin Temple Renwang gate	The main hall of Guanyin Temple	The old Asaka Palace
Sakurada Gate outside the old Edo Castle	Old Kuan Yong Temple five heavy pagoda	The old Jiuyou Palace	Old Jima Tsujiya Hondi
The first plant of the old brewing laboratory	Old Tokyo Science Museum main hall	Old horse farm cattle 込 mansion	The old Maeda house
Qianzhou bridge	Keio Library	Keio Mita Oratory House	Yan Youyuan Olympic Temple
Yan Youyuan Spirit temple Chi forehead door and water pan house	National Museum of Western Art	Huguo Temple moonlight hall	Huguo Temple this hall
Old Guards Division headquarters building	The Kobayashi house	King Kong Temple Renwang Gate	Vajra Temple Immovable Hall
Old Shibuzawa Ifejima mountain mansion	Free Gakuen Tomorrow Hall	Treasure of the Old Courtyard of Ten Wheels	Changxian Yuan Spiritual Temple Aoyuan
Chang Xian Yuan Spiritual Temple Chi Yamen and Shui Pan She	Shofuku Temple Jizotang	Shinjuku Gyoen Old Yangkan Imperial retreat	Level origin
Grand Hall of Ruisheng Temple	Shengde Memorial Painting Gallery	Sensoji Court	Sensoji Temple two Tenmen
Miscellaneous valley devil mother shrine	Zengshang Temple three liberation gate	Zunjingge Library	Sotomen of the Old Tomeki Temple
Takashimaya Tokyo	The old bomb bridge	Tsukiji Honwish Temple Hondo	Old Tokyo Medical School
Tokyo Station Marunouchi Motoya	Old Tokyo Music School music room	Old Tokyo Imperial House Museum main hall	The old East Palace
East light palace house	The old Nagai house	Bank of Japan main Branch main branch	Nihonbashi
Tokyo Resurrection Cathedral	Nezu Shrine	Okyungwan	Takeya Hikimon
Treasure box printing tower	Ministry of Justice old headquarters	Five towers of this gate Temple	Old Sanhe Island sewage disposal site pump site
Mitsui Main Museum	Mitsukoshi Nihonbashi Shop	Old Miyazaki house	Miaofa Temple iron gate
Meiji Gakuin Imburi Pavilion	Meiji Jingu	Meiji Jingu Treasure Hall	Meiji Life Insurance Co., LTD
Meiji pill	Zhangyuan temple two days gate	Yoyogi Arena	Waseda University Okuma Memorial Lecture Hall

Movable relic

As of the fifth year of Reiwa (2023), Tokyo has 2,070 pieces of "National treasures · Important cultural goods (arts and crafts)" (arts and crafts category national cultural relics); "Registered tangible cultural goods (arts and crafts)" (arts and crafts category registered protection cultural relics) 1; "Registered art" (art and crafts category census registration cultural relics) 31 pieces ^[38] .

Intangible cultural heritage

Tokyo specialty of traditional crafts, is ancient in from India And Chinese came through on the basis of crafts and technology Nara period , Heian period , Muromachi period And so on, along with the changes of The Times and accumulation of Japanese culture and the formation of traditional crafts. The Edo shogunate Initially, it was gradually introduced to Edo (today's Tokyo City). During the Genroku period of the Edo period, as well as the Culture and Munkyo Period, the economic center gradually shifted from samurai to merchants and artisans in the cities. The culture of merchants and artisans was enlightened, and the aesthetic consciousness manifested in the delicacy and elegance of Edo gradually expanded, forming the traditional handicraft of Tokyo. As of December of the first year of Reiwa (2019), Tokyo has 13 Japanese national traditional crafts and 40 Tokyo level traditional crafts ^[25] . As of the fifth year of Reiwa (2023), Tokyo has a total of six items of "important intangible folk cultural goods" (Japan's national intangible cultural heritage) ^[38] .

Tokyo National list of traditional arts and crafts
Murayama Oshima silk	Tokyo dyed small grain	The field is yellow
Edo wood sculpture of human figure	Tokyo silver	Tokyo hand dye
Tama weave	Edo wood ware	Edo and the pole
Edo traditional festival humanoid	Edo Dietachi	Edo Tang paper
Edo woodcut	-

Tokyo important intangible folk cultural property list
Banbashi の Tian You び	Edo の To Kaminrae	Kohanoi の Kajima Odori
Shenjin island のかつお fishing り act	Shimohirai の Phoenix の dance	Nijima の Daeodori

Festival activity

time	name	Main content
January 1st	New Year's Day	Visit temples or shrines on the night of December 31 or the morning of January 1 to celebrate the arrival of the New Year.
mid-January	The Great Black Sky Festival	A kagihara (a sacrificial dance performer) dressed as the god of luck, Big Black Sky, shakes a small hammer on the head of a newly grown young man.
Early February (around the beginning of Spring)	metamerism	Throwing beans to "ghosts" (disguised by people wearing masks and costumes) to drive away evil spirits and pray for good luck, is generally held in places such as Daikuni Soul Shrine, Sensoji Temple, and Zengami Temple
February	Plum Blossom Festival	Host Setagaya Plum Blossom Festival, Yujima Tenmangong (Yujima Tenjin) Bunkyo Plum Blossom Festival, etc. During Setagaya Plum Blossom Festival, interesting cultural activities such as haiku lectures and open-air tea parties are held every Saturday and Sunday.
mid-March	Go too far	Monks recited scriptures while walking barefoot through the still-smoking embers.
March	Cherry Blossom Festival	Ueno Cherry Blossom Festival, Chiyoda Cherry Blossom Festival, Sumida Park Cherry Blossom Festival
mid-May	Kanda festival	Centering on Akinami Kanda, a grand procession was held on the sacred car and mountain cart
Late July	Sumida River fireworks exhibition	Lighting fireworks near Sumida River has the meaning of blessing
July 15th of the lunar calendar	The Festival of Obon	Taiko performs the "Obon Dance Suite" and dances around the elevated platform set up in the grounds of the Tsukiji Honwish Temple
mid-August	The Fukagawa Hachiman Festival	During the ritual ceremony of Tomioka Hachimaga, spectators along the way will throw water to remove foul gas on the sedan bearers
November	Youshi	On the eleventh day of November, a ceremony is held in various temples and pavilions to pray for good fortune and prosperity of business.
December 14th	Akaho Justice Festival	In honor of the 47 wandering samurai, the procession marched from Masugami Temple to Izumi Akuji Temple, with the marchers wearing traditional costumes
Reference materials: ^{[33] 32 -}

Specialty food

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EDITOR

sushi

Sushi is a local specialty food in Japan, divided into nigiri sushi, sushi and other types. In ancient times, the Japanese put seafood into salt and rice pickled fermentation, making long-term preservation of food, that is, the prototype of sushi. With the development of rice vinegar, people gradually began to eat seafood marinated in vinegar rice. Later, people put sashimi on rice balls made of vinegar rice, and gradually became the sushi of today ^[26] .

Soba noodles

Soba noodles is the representative food of Tokyo and is also known as the "ancestor of fast food". When eating soba noodles, tasters are allowed to make noise, which is said to be because they can better enjoy the aroma of soba by inhaling the air ^[26] .

Text burn

One of the specialties of Tokyo, inokiyaki is a mixture of ingredients in a thin batter made with water and served on a iron plate. It is said that at the end of the Edo period, children in Tokyo liked to fry flour dissolved in water on an iron plate and practice words on the batter with a small shovel ^[26] .

Fukagawa rice

Fukagawa rice is a stew of clams, scallions, and tofu, mixed with miso and soy sauce, and then served over rice. During the Edo period, shellfish harvesting was popular in the Fukagawa area near the Sumida River mouth, and Fukagawa rice was the meal of busy fishermen at that time ^[26] .

Loach pot

Loach pot is a casserole dish made of loach covered in a shallow pot and boiled in stock, and eaten with scallions. Liuchuan pot is similar to loach pot, Liuchuan pot also uses loach, but it will cut the back of the loach, and then put it into the stock together with burdock, and drizzle the egg liquid to boil. Loaches have been used in Japanese cuisine since the Edo period ^[26] .

Sumo hot pot

Sumo hot pot uses rich ingredients such as meat, fish and vegetables, and is made for sumo athletes to shape their physique and supplement their nutrition ^[26] .

Braised eel

Yaki eel is also one of the delicacies in Tokyo. In the Kanto region, it is customary to cut the eel in half at the back and roast it directly without seasoning, then steam it in a steamer until it is soft, and finally grill it with sauce. It is said that this is because the samurai culture in the Kanto region was prevalent in the past, and people believed that the way of killing fish by cutting open the abdomen was a metaphor for "cutting the abdomen", which was very unlucky ^[26] .

Scenic spot

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EDITOR

summarize

There are many tourist attractions in Tokyo, including historical buildings, modern buildings, commercial districts, classical gardens, theme parks, museums, art galleries and natural landscapes. Involving entertainment, shopping, history, art, science, animation, architecture and other fields. As of 2023, there is one World Cultural Heritage in Tokyo, which is the National Western Art Museum. A total of 1 World Natural Heritage sites, Ogasawara Islands. The representative historical buildings in Tokyo include the Imperial Palace, Sensoji Temple and Meiji Jingu Temple; Modern buildings include Tokyo Tower, Tokyo Skytree, etc.; Park scenic spots include Shinjuku Gyogarden, Yoyogi Park, Odaiba Seaside Park, Ueno Park, etc. Commercial districts include Ginza, Akihabara, Shinjuku, etc. Tokyo Disney Resort is the main theme park; Tokyo metropolitan museum of science include Tokyo National Museum, National Museum of Science; There are National Western Art Museum, Mori Art Museum, Nezu Art Museum and so on ^[30] .

According to geographical location, the scenic spots in Tokyo are mainly distributed in the Marunouchi, Ginza and Akihabara areas located in the central area of Tokyo. Ueno region in the northern region; Asakusa and Sky Tree around the eastern area; Shinjuku, Harajuku and Yoyogi regions in the western region; In the southern region, Tokyo Tower, Roppongi, Odaiba (waterfront) area and so on ^[31] .

Types of scenic spots	Main attraction
Historical building	Imperial Palace, Sensoji Temple, Meiji Jingu, Nezu Shrine, My Wife Bridge, Old Iwasaki Mansion Garden, Katsushiku Yamamoto Pavilion, Atago Shrine, Shito Teru Palace, Masugami Temple
Modern architecture	Tokyo Tower, Tokyo Skytree, Sun City, Tokyo Metropolitan Hall No. 1, Roppongi Hills Forest Building, Ebisu Garden Plaza, Caretta Shiodome, Bunkyo Civic Center
museum	Tokyo National Museum, Edo Tokyo Museum, Edo Tokyo Architecture Park, Nagaqing Bunko, Japan Olympic Museum
Science and technology museum	National Museum of Science, Japan Science Mirai Museum, Meguro Parasite Museum, Minato Tachi Port Science Museum
gallery	National Western Art Museum, Nezu Art Museum, Mori Art Museum, Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Art, Tokyo Metropolitan Photo Art Museum, Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo Metropolitan Garden Art Museum, Idemitsu Art Museum, Itabashi Ward Art Museum, and Hasegawa Machi Art Museum
theatre	New National Theater, Waseda Matsutake, Laputa Asakaya, Kichiji Temple Theater, Meiji Seat, Shinbunbunura Seat, National Noku Hall, Kabuki Seat, Yannai Noku Hall
stadium	New National Arena, Tokyo Dome, Tokyo Coliseum, National Yoyogi Arena, Japan Budokan, Kokukikan, Tokyo Stadium, Tokyo Aquatics Center
Bridge	Rainbow Bridge, Tokyo Jingmen Bridge, Kiyosu Bridge, Nagai Bridge
Commercial district	Ginza, Akihabara, Shinjuku, Shibuya, Odaiba, Ikebukuro, Harajuku (Omotesando), Tsukiji Market, Nihonbashi, Freedom Hill, Daikanyama, Shinbashi,
park	Nari Azalea Park, Yokonetcho Park, Kiyoshi Creek Park, Water Car Park, Katakura Castle Ruins Park, Koishikawa After Paradise, Rokiyoshi Garden, Komiya Park, Haimura City Animal Park
Theme park	Tokyo Disneyland, Tokyo Disney Sea, Tokyo Dome Amusement Park, Sanrio Rainbow Land, Handkendoba Ninja Agency House, Tokyo JOYPOLIS, Tokyo Lego Discovery Center, Tokyo KidZania, Yomiuri Land, Asakusa Hanayahiki
Reference materials: ^[30]

Geographical area	Place names and attractions
Central area	Ginza, Akihabara, Tokyo Station and vicinity of Marunouchi, Nihonbashi, Tsukiji, Kanda, Tokyo Dome and nearby entertainment facilities, Kagurazaka, Akasaka, Shinbashi, Hamamatsucho
Northern region	Ikebukuro, Tanaka, Ueno, Nest Duck, Nichiori, Akabha, Banbashi, Kitakinami, Shiba, Rima
Eastern region	Asakusa, Ryokuni, Tokyo Skytree and nearby attractions, Toyosu, Kiyosumi, Shirakawa, Fukagawa, Kasai
Western region	Shinjuku, Shibuya, Harajuku, Aoyama, Omotesando, Shimokitazawa, Daikanyama, Kichiji, Nakano, Yoyogi, Koji Temple, Okubo, Niko Tamagawa
Southern region	Odaiba, Shinagawa, Tenonasu, Nakameguro, Roppongi, Roppongi Hill, Azaabu Ten Fan, Tokyo Tower and nearby tourist attractions, Etanoki Valley, Ebisu, Haneda Airport and nearby tourist attractions, Freedom Hill
The Izu Islands Ogasawara Islands	Oshima Island, Rijima Island, New Island, Shien Island, Shinzu Island, Miyake Island, Ozo Island, Hacho Island, Qing No Island, Father Island, Mother Island
Tama region	Mitaka, Futanaka, Chombu, Deep Daiji, Tachikawa, Showa Memorial Park, Tama, Machida, West Tokyo, Hachioji, Takao Mountain, Okutama
Reference materials: ^[31]

Main attraction

Tokyo Tower Tokyo Tower, located in Minato Shiba Park, south of the center of Tokyo, was built in 1958, 333 meters high, the second tallest building in Japan. The Tokyo Tower is modeled after the Eiffel Tower in Paris. There is a large observation deck at 150 meters and a special observation deck at 249.9 meters. The color of the Tokyo Tower is red and white, and the lights change with the seasons, white in summer and orange in spring, autumn and winter. Tokyo Tower has both sightseeing and exercise functions, using outdoor stairs to climb all the way to the main platform of the tower. From the glass platform of Tokyo Tower, visitors can overlook the streets of Tokyo. If the weather is clear, you can see Mt. Fuji in the distance.	Tokyo Tower
The Imperial Palace The Imperial Palace, formerly known as the Imperial Palace, is located in the central Chiyoda district of Tokyo, is the place where the emperor of Japan lives, was built in the 18th year of Tensho (1590), the predecessor of Tokugawa Ieyasu's Edo shogunate. In the east of the Imperial Palace, there are the Imperial Palace Outer Garden and the East Imperial Garden, which are open to the public free of charge for a long time. Inside the Imperial Palace need to go to the official website of the Imperial Palace to make an appointment to visit, there are two double bridge, Fuji see, lotus pond and other historical sites, as well as long and Hall, Fengming Hall, Changyu Hall, palace Hall Hall and other major buildings.	Imperial Palace of Japan
Tokyo Sky Tree Tokyo Sky Tree (Tokyo Sky Tree), located in the east of Tokyo, was built in 2012, 634 meters high, is Japan's tallest building, is also the world's tallest self-standing radio tower, stable transmission of digital television broadcasts to the ground. The Tokyo Sky Tree is blue and white, which blends with the colors of the sky during the day and lights up purple, blue and orange at night. The Tokyo Sky Tree has a "Sky deck" on the 350th floor and a "Sky Gallery" on the 450th floor, where visitors can enjoy the view of Tokyo.	Tokyo Sky Tree
Sensoji Temple Sensoji Temple, located in the eastern part of Tokyo, was founded in 628 and rebuilt after the Second World War. It is a famous Buddhist temple in Japan, with buildings such as Rei Gate, Treasure Gate, Hondo and Five pagodas. There is a trade market in front of Sensoji Temple, selling Japanese specialty goods and food. Every New Year and major festivals, Sensoji Temple will ring the blessing bell.	Sensoji Temple
Meiji Jingu The Meiji Shrine, located in the Harajuku area of Tokyo, which houses the graves of Emperor Meiji and Empress Dowager Akihun, was opened in 1920 and rebuilt after World War II. Meiji Jingu is planted with a large number of trees, forming a dense forest. The Jingu Palace has a Jingu imperial garden, in which there is a Qing Zheng well, according to legend, the builder was the Japanese Warring States period military general Kato Kiyoshimasa. The Torii at the intersection of Northern and Southern Sando in front of Jingu is the largest wooden torii in Japan.	Meiji Jingu
Tokyo Metropolitan Government First hall Ben House The First Hall of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government is the headquarters of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, located in the West Shinjuku area, 202 meters high, opened in 1991, designed by architect Kenzo Tanshita. The design of the hall is mainly post-modernist, with a three-section horizontal and three-section vertical facade similar to that of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. The upper floors are divided into two towers, north and south. Each tower has an observation room on the 45th floor.	Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Tokyo Disney Resort Tokyo Disney Resort, located in Urayasu City, Chiba Prefecture, around Tokyo, is divided into Tokyo Disneyland (Disney Land) and Tokyo Disney Ocean (Disney Sea) Two parts. Among them, Tokyo Disneyland has seven theme areas: World Market, Tomorroyland, Toontown, Dreamland, Animal land, Western Land and Adventure Land. Tokyo Disney Ocean has seven theme areas: Mediterranean Harbor, Arabian Coast, Mysterious Island, Mermaid Lagoon, Lost River Delta, Discovery Harbor, and American Coast.	Tokyo Disneyland
Rainbow Bridge The Rainbow Bridge is a suspension bridge connecting Shibaura and Odaiba in Minato Ward. It was completed in 1993 and is one of the landmark buildings in the Odaiba area of Tokyo. The Rainbow Bridge is 798 meters in length and 570 meters in length. The bridge is divided into two layers, the upper layer is the Capital Expressway No. 11 Taiba Line, the central part of the lower layer is the new traffic Yuriguo track, and the general roads on both sides include the National Highway No. 357 carriageway and pedestrian walkway. A replica of the Statue of Liberty stands in front of the Rainbow Bridge ^[30] .	Rainbow Bridge

Sister city

broadcast

EDITOR

List of international sister cities of Tokyo
City (state)	nation	Date of sister-city conclusion
New York	United States	February 29, 1960
Peking	People's Republic of China	March 14, 1979
Paris	French Republic	July 14, 1982
New South Wales	Australia	May 9, 1984
Seoul	Republic of Korea	September 3, 1988
Jakarta	Republic of Indonesia	October 23, 1989
Sao Paulo	Federative Republic of Brazil	June 13, 1990
Cairo	Arab Republic of Egypt	October 23, 1990
Moscow	Russian Federation	July 16, 1991
Berlin	Federal Republic of Germany	14 May 1994
Roman	Italian Republic	5 July 1996
Reference materials: ^[45]

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