London (English name: London), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The capital, ^[1] ^[17] London is the political center of Britain and the world museum , Library , cinema , theatre, Sports venue and Five-star hotel The largest number of cities. There are 19 Fortune 500 Its headquarters and seven of the world's top 100 universities are located in London. University College London Ranked 8th in the world, Imperial College London Ranked 9th in the world, London School of Economics Ranked 27th in the world, King's College London 33 in the world. One of the world's financial centers. ^[25]

In December 2022, London is in Japan The Mori Memorial Foundation ranked first in the world City Overall Strength Ranking (GPCI) for the 11th consecutive year. ^[3-5] ^[21] London has been ranked number one in the world in a list of 2023 global cities published by an international consultancy. In 2022, America Cornu London is ranked second in the world in the Global City Power Index. ^[6] In November 2020, London was rated Alpha-+ + by GaWC World's first-tier city First place. ^[7] ^[23] in Forbes In the Global City Influence ranking, London is the most influential city in the world, and London beat New York Elected as the world's largest wealth center. ^[8] In 2019, World Federation of Tourist Cities Release 2019 World Tourist city London has been named the most famous city in the world. ^[9]

Chinese name: London
Foreign name: London
Administrative category: capital
Subordinate region: Britain
Geographical position: South East England
Area product: 1577 km²
Subordinate area: City of London, City of Westminster, etc
Government premises: Guildhall
Telephone area code: 0044
Climatic condition: Temperate maritime climate
Population number: 8.83 million ^[26] (2022)

Famous scenic spot: Buckingham Palace , British Museum , Big Ben , Tower Bridge
aerodrome: Heathrow Airport (Heathrow), Gatwick Airport (Gatwick), London Stansted Airport (Stanstead), etc
Railway station: Euston Station (Euston), King's Cross Station (King's Cross), London Victoria Station (London Victoria), Waterloo railway station (Waterloo), etc
Gross regional product: 653.2 billion dollars (2018)
prescription: English (Official language)
Famous university: University College London , Imperial College London , London School of Economics , King's College London Etc.
Average wage: 43,000 Pound sterling (2018 Office for National Statistics data)

catalogue

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

London (5 photos)

London is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The capital, Europe The largest city and the largest economic center. Two thousand years ago, Roman Built this city. For hundreds of years, London has maintained an enormous influence in the world. From the 18th century to the early 20th century, as a world empire -- British Empire London has become the largest city in the world because of its outstanding achievements in the fields of politics, economy, culture, science and technology.

London has been a transport hub and an important city for almost two thousand years. The earliest origins of London are not exactly recorded in history. Many people think London was founded by the Romans. However, archaeological research shows that before the arrival of the Romans, there were traces of human activities such as farming, living and burying the dead in London.

London (6 photos)

By the first century AD, the Romans were under Emperor Claudius Under the leadership of Claudius officially conquered this in AD 43 which later became Britain The place. They are The Thames A settlement was built on the side, named "Londinium". Later, the Romans built a wall here, and gradually built a large city in the area surrounded by the wall.

Although Londinium looks like it Latin But some scholars believe that the word originated from the people who originally lived in the area Celts The language used in Celts may mean a wild place, or a place through which a river flows.

Birth (AD 50)

The year 50 AD ( Roman Empire ). At that time London was known as Londinium (also translated as Londinium). In 1801 London became the largest city in the world.

London (4 photos)

In... Letter to the Romans The record of London is from AD 50, and the name London comes from Celtic the Londinium. Celts It was invaded in AD 43 Britain And then they built a span The Thames After that, they found the favorable location of the site and built a port. Around 50 AD, Roman merchants built a town next to the bridge, and London was born.

In 61 AD, Queen Boudicca led a revolt against Roman rule, and her army marched to London. London was destroyed in the war and rebuilt by Queen Boudicca after the war. The rich in the city built their houses with stone and brick, while most of the poor lived in wooden houses.

Rise and fall (2nd century AD)

By the end of the 2nd century, the six-meter high stone wall surrounding London was built in London, and the population of London had grown to become the largest town in England at that time. With the departure of the last Roman troops from England in 407 AD, the town of London began to decline. The population left the city in large numbers, and only a few fishermen and farmers remained within the city walls. London also lost its function as a city. But it was not long before London was growing again, and a new town sprang up in the city wall surgery at Ventgoden, London. The new town is small and has a population of only about 10,000.

597 monks from Rome came to London from The Saxons Converted Christians. 604, one bishop Was sent to London. Silver coins were minted in London in 640.

In 842 and 851, Danes Two invasions of England, looting and burning most of the town. The invading army occupied the northern and eastern territories of England, including London.

The Recovery, 886 AD.

London Street scene (5 photos)

In 878, the Danes were Alfred the Great Defeated, the British territory was divided into two parts, the Danes took England The eastern territories, including London. Alfred the Great kept the lands in the south and west. Alfred the Great retook London in 886 through peace negotiations, and he rebuilt the walls of the old Roman city. For protection, Londoners who lived outside Rome moved back to the city during the reign of Alfred the Great. In 994, the Londoners repelled the Danes and forced them to evacuate the area.

Contested ground (11th century)

Following the The Anglo-Saxons Later, it was from northwest France that made a deep mark on English history Normans (Normans). Their leader William Claiming the right to succeed the Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor by blood, he launched a major attack. In 1066, William succeeded in his military campaign and became king of England William I Known as" William the Conqueror ".

Although the capital of England was now located at Winchester, southwest of London, William also built strong buildings in the east of London in order to consolidate his position Tower of London To defend against the encroachment of the rebels should also be used as a means of asserting oneself.

in Normans London finally became the capital of England in the 12th century.

Middle Ages (12th century)

Scholars generally believe that after the beginning of Norman rule, England entered the so-called" Medieval times ".

This period was characterized by the gradual consolidation of royal power, and Christian church The expansion of power. London also gradually developed at this time, evolving into a model of two cities combined into one city of London. To the east, the City of London was built on the basis of the ancient city of London by the Romans. The site later developed into The City of London . To the west, City of Westminster The City of Westminster became the seat of the royal family and government.

During this period, the royal family successively built the royal palace in London, and the church also built a number of churches and cloister . In the city of London, the mayor's power is increasingly secure, and business is booming.

Many of London's most famous buildings were built during this period, including the famous London Bridge (London Bridge). Construction began in 1176 AD and was completed in 1209, after which it was repeatedly demolished and built.

Downtown London (3 photos)

In terms of the palace, the famous palace was built during this period. Much of the palace was later destroyed by fire. British parliament Is built on Palace of Westminster On the site of. All that remains of the ancient royal Palace is Westminster Hall, which is still visible, and the Jewel Tower next to the Royal Palace, opposite the Parliament building.

The development of the Church at that time also left a footprint. Some of the famous churches built during this period were formerly monasteries Westminster Abbey (Westminster), St Paul's Cathedral (St Paul's Cathedral, Great St Bartholomew, etc.) In addition, a number of monasteries were built during this period, a notable example being the Charterhouse of the Carthusian Order.

Natural and man-made disasters (14th - first half of 17th century)

London was as affected as the continent between the 14th and 17th centuries plague The invasion of... fatal The Plague The plague pandemic depopulated London dramatically. It is estimated that only two-thirds of the population survived.

In 1642, the English Parliamentarians and royalist The war between men begins. In 1643, the Royalists tried to capture London, but the two armies met 10 kilometers west of St. Paul's Cathedral. The Parliamentarians were superior to the other, so the Royalists were repelled.

London (4 photos)

In 1666, one of the worst fires in London's history broke out Great fire of London (Great Fire of London). About 13,200 homes have been destroyed by the fire, including one St Paul's Cathedral . Some 800,000 people have been displaced. The king ordered the navy to help put up tents for the homeless people in the city. To prevent this from happening again, the king ordered that all houses built in London should be made of stone and brick instead of wood. The fire, allegedly caused by human error, destroyed almost all of London's buildings, but it gave the city a chance to start anew.

Population Growth (16th century)

After the 16th century, with England capitalism The rise of London rapidly expanded in size. In 1500 AD, the population of London was only 50,000, in 1600 the population increased to 200,000, in 1700 to 700,000, the 18th and 19th centuries, London has become the world's largest financial and trading center. By 1900, London's population had risen to two million. By the 1960s, London's population had reached more than eight million. ^[10]

Revival (second half of 17th century - 19th century)

In the second half of the 17th century, a number of fashionable design houses began to be built in and around the Bloomsbury area of London Knightsbridge Several hospitals were also built in these areas during the century: including Westminster Westminster (1720), Guys (1724), St. Georges (1733), London (1740) and London (1740) Middlesex County Middlesex, 1745.

London (4 photos)

London grew rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries, with Industrial revolution And business flourished, so did London's population. In 1834, Parliament building It was destroyed by fire and then rebuilt. The new Parliament building also includes a large clock, which is called" Big Ben "(Big Ben). From 1859 to 1875 cholera The explosion of the sewerage system. Since then, the fatality rate from infectious diseases has been greatly reduced.

In the 19th century, a number of new museums were built in London, including The Victoria and Albert Museum (Victoria & Albert, 1852), Science museum (Science Museum, 1857) and Natural History Museum (Natural History Museum, 1881). new Scotland Yard New Scotland Yard was built in 1891.

The growth of the British Empire has brought great business opportunities to Britain. In order to facilitate the export of products, as well as the entrance of the required raw materials and foreign products, a number of large shipyards have been built in east London. The shipping industry is booming.

By the beginning of the 20th century, London had a population of 6.6 million, making it the largest city in the world.

War Destruction (first half of 20th century)

Two outbreaks in the 20th century World war Caused serious damage to London, including in World War II Some of the damage can still be seen in London.

In the early 1940s, Nazi Germany Air force aircraft carried out intensive bombing raids on British cities, including London, causing heavy damage in terms of property and human life.

In the case of London, the eastern part of the city suffered the most damage, in part because it is a dockyard area, the beginning of one of London's supply lines. Many people living in London were forced to evacuate to other parts of the country.

The Luftwaffe bombing killed an estimated 35,000 Londoners, seriously injured 50,000 and damaged or destroyed tens of thousands of buildings, including St Paul's Cathedral , The City of London A number of churches within.

London (3 photos)

Although restoration work continued after the war, many traces of war damage can still be seen in London. Even so, many new buildings have been built out of the ruins. Fashionable buildings mixed with old houses also add some interesting places to the city of London.

Strong development (the second half of the 20th century)

World War II Later in 1944, due to the rapid expansion of the population of London, it was proposed and planned to establish a site in the surrounding area 20-30 miles from the city of London Satellite town And attract skilled workers from London to work in satellite cities, thereby reducing the pressure of London's overpopulation.

Beginning in the 1950s, London entered the era of prosperity, and the automobile and aircraft manufacturing industry developed rapidly. The docks are also very busy, employing 30,000 people. But starting in the 1960s, because British Empire Has been affected by the gradual disintegration of...

Although immigration to London has declined markedly since 1945, it has increased rapidly in the latter part of the 20th century.

The Thames Across London, the city is divided into north and south. Since the Romans settled, Bridges have gradually been built over the river, the most famous of which is this one Tower Bridge .

Administrative division

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EDITOR

pandect

As of 2016, the Greater London Metropolitan Area is divided into the City of London and 32 surrounding boroughs. The Greater London Metropolitan Area can be divided into the City of London, West London, East London and South London. The City of London is the center of financial capital and trade, West London is the location of the British Royal Palace, the Prime minister's residence, Parliament and government ministries, East London is the industrial area and workers' residential area, and South London is the mixed industrial and commercial and residential area.

The city

City of London

borough

1. Westminster (City of Westminster)

2. Kensington and Chelsea

3. Hammersmith and Fulham

4. Wandsworth

5. Lambeth

6. Southwark

7. Tower Hamlets

8. Hackney

9. Islington (Islington)

10. Camden

11. Brent

12. Ealing

13. Hounslow

14. Richmond (Richmond)

15. Kingston

16. Merton

17. Sutton (Sutton)

18. Croydon (Croydon)

19. Bromley (Bromley)

20. Lewisham

21. Greenwich (Greenwich)

22. Bexley (Bexley)

23. Havering

24. Barking and Dagenham

25. Redbridge

26. Newham (Newham)

27. Waltham Forest

28. Haringey

29. Enfield (Enfield)

30. Barnet (Barnet)

31. hello (Harrow)

32. Hillingdon

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Location boundary

London is located in England On the plains of the southeast, The Thames Throughout it, the city center coordinates are 51°30 'north latitude and 0.1°5' east longitude. Greater London covers an area of 1,577 square kilometres and had a population of around 8.9 million in 2016.

London straddles the lower banks of the Thames River, 88 km from the estuary, the city center coordinates 51°30 'north latitude - 0.1°5' east longitude. The area of Greater London is about 1577 square kilometers, and the area of London city is about 310 square kilometers.

London

landform

London cross The Thames Both sides, mainly plain, flat terrain, low terrain. The city has an average elevation of about 24 m (79 ft).

climate

London by The North Atlantic Current and Westerly wind Influence, genus Temperate maritime climate The temperature difference between the four seasons is small, cool in summer, warm in winter, humid air, rain and fog, especially in autumn and winter.

Summer temperatures in London are around 18°C, sometimes reaching 30°C or more. In spring and autumn, the temperature is around 15°C. In winter, the temperature fluctuates around 6°C. There is a rare freezing in London in winter.

Annual total	Average high temperature ( °C )	Mean low temperature ( °C )	Precipitation ( mm )	Sunshine hours (hours)
Annual total	14.8	7.2	583.6	1461.0

hydrology

London (3 photos)

The Thames It is an important river in London. It rises in the Cotswold Hills near Serencester in southern England and flows from west to east Oxford Turn southeast, pass Reading, turn northeast, to Windsor It turns east again and passes through London, ending at Southend Nearby injection Beihai . The Thames water network is more complex, many tributaries, its main tributaries are the Chern River, the Kern River, the Cole River, the Windrush River, Avonlord River, the Charwell River, the RAE River, the Oak River, the Kennet River, the Loden River, the River Wey, the River Leigh, the Rhoding River and the Darent River.

Natural resources

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EDITOR

Water resources

London (3 photos)

London The Thames The average annual runoff is about 15.9 billion cubic meters, and the per capita occupancy is about 270 cubic meters. London has a high degree of industrialization, and the development and utilization of water resources are mainly aimed at improving the domestic water consumption of urban and rural people, developing industry, inland navigation, aquaculture and water tourism.

Plant resources

In 2011, London's forest covered 300,000 hectares, or about 13% of the city's area.

Animal resources

London Animal resources More abundant, there are hedgehogs, harvest mice and sparrows.

Mineral resources

London's main mineral resources are coal, iron, oil and gas. The total reserves of hard coal are about 17 billion tons.

population

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EDITOR

The Greater London Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Europe. The population of London is 8.9 million (2016). The population of the Greater London Metropolitan area is approximately 14 million (2016).

According to the 2016 census, London is the most ethnically diverse city in the UK, with around 82% white, 10% Asian, 5% black and 3% mixed race. About 2 percent of them are Chinese. 58.2% of the population professes Christianity, while 15.8% have no religious affiliation. Some 21.8% of London residents were born outside the EU. In 2022, London's population will be 8.83 million. ^[26]

economy

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EDITOR

London is the world's largest financial center, controlling 45% of the world's total Foreign exchange Transaction sum gold , silver , Crude oil Etc. Bulk commodity Pricing power, the world's largest bank, insurance , futures and shipping Center. London's average daily foreign exchange turnover is as high as $2.7 trillion, ranking first in the world, and the total wealth of its residents ranks second in the world.

London is the largest city in the world Economic center One of the largest cities in Europe. London and New York rank among the world's top cosmopolitan cities. Finance is the backbone of London, the most important city in the world bank , insurance , Foreign exchange , futures and shipping Center. There are 19 Fortune 500 The company's headquarters is located in London, 75% of the world's top 500 companies The City of London In addition, multinational companies and financial institutions from all over the world have branches in London. About 45 per cent of the world's currency business is traded in London. London Stock Exchange It's the most important in the world Stock exchange center One of them.

Since the aftermath of World War II America Generic world English The department of two major countries, with the advantage of international capital circulation, London and New York London has always been the world's two most important international cities, and London has always been the world's largest financial center city status. ^[12]

London is one of the most important economic centers in the world, too Europe The largest economic center. London is the largest cosmopolitan city in the world, equal to New York. The financial sector is the most important pillar of London's economy. In 2018, London's gross regional product reached $653.2 billion.

The City of London The City of London (also known as the Square Mile) is the largest financial center in London, with many banks, insurance companies and financial institutions. More than half of Britain's top 100 companies and more than 100 of Europe's top 500 companies have their headquarters in London. About 45 per cent of the world's currency business is traded in London. The London Stock Exchange is one of the most important stock trading centers in the world.

There are more than 500 banks in London (until 1991), the largest number of banks in the world, including 470 foreign banks, with a total capital of more than £200 billion in London.

London is the world's largest international foreign exchange market, with a total turnover of £3 trillion per year, and about 45% of global currency business is traded in London. London is also the world's largest market for dollars, with oil revenues from oil-exporting countries trading more than $50 billion a day, accounting for more than a third of the world's dollar turnover.

The Bank of England -- Bank of England Sixteen clearing banks and more than 60 commercial banks are also located here. The most famous clearing banks are Barclays, Lloyds, Midland and National Westminster.

London is the world's largest international insurance center, with more than 800 insurance companies, of which more than 170 are branches of foreign insurance companies.

London has the highest number of banks in the world, including more than 480 foreign banks, and the total capital held in London is the highest of any city in the world. London is the largest international insurance centre in the world Insurance company More than 800, of which more than 170 are branches of foreign insurance companies. The insurance business in London has a long history, strong capital and good reputation.

London is also the world's largest commodity trading market, controlling the pricing power of world commodities such as gold, silver, crude oil, so the international gold name London gold The international silver name London silver .

London Stock Exchange It is one of the four largest exchanges in the world. In addition, there are numerous commodity exchanges in London, engaged in gold, silver, non-ferrous metals, wool, rubber, coffee, cocoa, cotton, oil, wood, sugar, tea and antiques and other valuable or bulk world commodities trading.

London (3 photos)

London is one of the richest and richest cities in the world. There are 4,944 people with assets of more than $30m and nearly 400,000 with assets of more than $1m living in London, both the highest numbers in the world. London is the second richest city in the world in terms of total wealth, and the first in terms of amount New York Very close. From the fourth quarter of 2017 to the third quarter of 2018, London's property market attracted €20 billion of investment, ranking first among European cities, Paris and Berlin It was second and third with €12 billion and €8 billion, respectively.

2022, in International Science and Technology Innovation Center Index It is ranked 4th in China. ^[24]

transportation

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EDITOR

Transport is one of the four policy areas that the Mayor of London is responsible for, but the mayor's financial management of transport is limited, and its executive body is Transport for London Transport for London (TFL). London's public transport system is one of the largest in the world, but it has problems of overcrowding and poor trust, and the London government has prepared a number of large-scale transport investment plans.

Cockney Air transport Very developed, yes Heathrow Airport and Gatwick Airport The two airports. Located on the western outskirts of London, Heathrow Airport is Europe's largest airport by passenger traffic, sometimes taking off and landing nearly 1,000 aircraft a day, with an average of one aircraft taking off and landing every minute during peak air traffic. The city of London is convenient, the subway is the main means of transport in the city. On January 10, 1863, the world's first underground railroad London Underground Traffic began. By 1991, there were nine main lines in London, with a total length of 414 km. London Underground Advanced technology and management equipment, all dispatching and signal systems are automatic control. London began bus service in 1897 and was one of the first cities in the world to have buses. By 1991, there were more than 350 bus lines in the Greater London metropolitan area, with a total length of 2,800 km, and more than 6,600 buses Double-decker bus . In addition, there are about 13,000 in London taxi . The Port of London is the largest port in the UK and one of the world's most famous ports. The territory includes the Royal Docklands, India and Millwall Docklands, Tilbury Docklands, and has established links with ports in more than 70 countries, with an annual throughput of about 45 million tons.

railway

The heart of London's public transport network is London Underground The London Underground, founded in 1863, is the oldest and largest underground railway system in the world. The London Underground also included the world's first underground electric Railway line, the City & South London Railway, which began service in 1890. About one billion passengers travel on London's underground system each year. London Underground's main service area is the city centre and most suburbs north of the River Thames, while the south is served by an extended suburban rail network.

Railways are divided into:

- Bakerloo Line (Brown) London Metro Bakerloo Line (brown)

- Central Line (Red) London Underground Central Line (red)

- Circle Line (Yellow) The London Underground Ring Line (yellow)

- District Line (Green) London Underground Regional Line (Green)

-- Hammersmith & City Line (Pink) London Underground Hammersmith and City Line (Pink)

- Jubilee Line (Silver) Jubilee Line on the London Underground (silver)

- Metropolitan Line (Dark Magenta) London Underground Metropolitan Line (dark magenta)

- Northern Line (Black) London Metro North Line (Black)

- Piccadilly Line (Dark Blue) London Underground The Piccadilly Line (dark blue)

-- Victoria Line (Light Blue) London Underground Victoria Line (Light blue)

-- Waterloo & City Line (Turquoise) London Underground Waterloo City Line (turquoise)

-- DLR (Dockland Light Railway) London Docklands Light Railway

—London Oveground London overground railway

- Elizabeth Line. - Elizabeth Line

- Trams Electric iron ^[19]

Eurostar Eurostar trains run from London's St Pancras station to France Lille And Paris, and Belgium Brussels .

London has one of the busiest and oldest rail networks in the world, with an estimated 3 million passengers a day on the London Underground. Due to the shortage of investment in the London Underground, the ancient infrastructure needs a lot of money to maintain, so the subway aging is particularly serious. Train congestion and delays have become commonplace on some lines. However, there are also lines that have received a large amount of capital investment to build extension projects. Commuter rail and intercity rail generally do not traverse the city, but pull into 14 stations scattered throughout the old city center. The London bus network handles most of the local transport and carries more passengers than the underground. Bus, black taxi And the underground railway became an important representative of London's transport.

aviation

London is an important international air port. There are more than eight airports that use the word" London Airport But most of the traffic goes through one of the five main airports. Heathrow Airport It's the busiest in the world International airport One handles a wide range of domestic, European and interstate passengers and flights. Some cheap and short flights will also be there Gatwick Airport Take off and land.

highroad

Although the public transport system in central London is well developed, the outer parts of London are still dominated by cars. The London Inner Ring Road (around the city centre), the northern (A406) and southern (A205) ring roads (in the suburbs), and a motorway (M25 on the outskirts of the city) encircling the city and intersect with several busy roads. But few motorways run through central London. In the 1960s, a project called "London Ringways" was launched expressway Plans were started to build a highway through the city, but the project was discontinued in the early 1970s due to residents' opposition and excessive costs. London's traffic jams are among the most notorious in Europe, thanks to the city's generally small streets and the fact that the number of cars in the area has nearly tripled since 1960. In 2003, in order to reduce downtown London introduced congestion charges. Vehicles must pay £8 a day to enter designated areas of central London, while residents living in designated areas can buy a pass that is renewed every month.

Water transport

The Port of London is the busiest port in the UK, and the related facilities such as waterway traffic and docks are mainly concentrated in The Thames Along the coast. However, because the Thames is too narrow, larger ships cannot enter the city of London, and instead stop on the lower Thames, although the city of London is still very busy.

political

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EDITOR

London is the political capital of the country. Yes British royal family , government, parliament, and political party headquarters. Palace of Westminster It is the activity place of the upper and lower houses of the British Parliament, so it is also called the Hall of Parliament. South of Parliament Square Westminster Abbey It has been since it was built in 1065 King of England Or where the Queen is crowned and members of the royal family are married.

Buckingham Palace Is the British Royal palace, located in the central area of west London, east St James' Park , to the West Hyde Park It is the place where members of the British royal Family live and work, and it is also the place of major state events in the UK.

Whitehall It is the seat of the British government, the Prime Minister's Office, the Privy Council, the Home Office, the Foreign Office, the Treasury, the Ministry of Defense and other major government agencies are located here. The heart of Whitehall is located 10 Downing Street It is the official residence of successive British prime ministers.

London (4 photos)

London is not only the political center of Britain, but also many International organization The location of the headquarters, including International Maritime Organization , International cooperative alliance , Pen International , International Women's League , Socialist International , Amnesty International Let's wait.

government

Headquarters: Guildhall (City Hall)
Regional government: Greater London Authority
Regional Parliament: London Assembly
City Government: The City of London
Mayor: Sadiq Khan (Sadiq Khan) ^[11] He will be re-elected in May 2021 ^[15] .

Electoral district

British parliament : 74 constituencies
London Parliament: 14 constituencies
European Parliament : London Electoral districts

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

summarize

London is a world leading world-class city, is the world's richest, most developed economy, the most prosperous business, the highest standard of living in one of the cities political , economy , culture , education , Science and technology , finance , commerce , Physical education , media, fashion It is the only event in the world that has been held three times Olympic Games The city. ^[2] ^[22]

Educational cause

London has the largest number of students in the UK and is home to a large number of universities, colleges, schools and academic research institutions. University of London (University of London), Imperial College London (Imperial College London), University of Greenwich (University of Greenwich), City university (City University London) Royal College of Music , Royal College of Art The Royal School of Dance is a famous institution in the UK.

University of London The University of London was founded in 1836 and now has more than 60 colleges Britain It is the largest university in Europe with 125,000 students and consists of more than 50 faculties. Notable among them are:

London School of Economics (London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE)

University College London (University College London, UCL)

King's College London (King's College London, KCL)

London Business School (London Business School, LBS)

Queen Mary, University of London (Queen Mary, University of London)

Royal Holloway, University of London (Royal Holloway, University of London)

London School of Oriental and African Studies (School of Oriental and African Studies, SOAS)

Other famous universities are: University of the Arts London , University of Westminster (University of Westminster, etc.

Sports cause

It was successfully held twice in London in 1908 and 1948 respectively Olympic Games On July 6, 2005, they won the right to host the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was held in London in 1934 British Empire Games In 1966, it was also held in the United Kingdom World Cup ; Thirty years later, the European Nations Cup was also held.

The fourth Olympic Games were held in London from 27 April to 31 October 1908.

Previous bids to host the Games were also made Berlin , Milan , Roman . Primary selection Roman After Rome abstained in 1906 due to financial problems, London hosted the event instead.

The London Olympic Games made a significant contribution to the formalization of the competition system in international sport.

Culture and art

London has five professional symphony orchestras: London Symphony Orchestra , The London Philharmonic Orchestra , the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Philharmonic Orchestra and BBC Symphony Orchestra .

theatre

London is home to dozens of theatres, mostly in the West End. These include the National Theatre, The London Pallas Theatre The Almedia Theatre and the one dedicated to Shakespeare's plays Globe Theatre Let's wait.

museum

London is a famous cultural city in the world. British Museum Founded in the 18th century, it is the largest museum in the world and contains many ancient artifacts from Britain and other countries. The Egyptian cultural Relics Hall in the museum displays more than 70,000 pieces of ancient Egyptian cultural relics; The Museum of Greek and Roman relics, displaying all kinds of exquisite bronze, pottery, porcelain, gold coins, paintings and many large stone carvings of ancient Greece and Rome; The Oriental Museum displays a large number of artifacts from Central Asia, the South Asian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and the Far East. There are also West Asian cultural relics Museum, British cultural relics Museum, gold coin badge museum, library and painting museum. In addition to the British Museum, there are many in London gallery Such as the National Gallery of Art, National Portrait Gallery , Tate Art Gallery and Dovitz Gallery . And the world's detective resort Sherlock Holmes Museum Located in Baker Street Number 221B.

London is one of the four most famous fashion cities in the world (plus: Paris , New York , Milan The world-famous Harrods department store is located in the city.

media

London is a major global media hub, including British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Reuters Several television and radio outlets have their headquarters in London, as well as ITV , Channel 4 ( Channel 4 ) and Channel Five, among others. Cockney Fleet Street Is the concentration of British newspapers, the famous newspapers are" The Times "," Financial Times "," Daily Telegraph "," The Guardian "," The Observer ", "Weekly" and so on.

culture

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At the same time, London is the most important city in the world culture , education , Physical education and Science and technology Center. Cockney museum , Library , cinema and Sports venue The number ranks first in the world, is the only city in the world that has hosted the Olympic Games three times, and has the most famous in the world Film festival , Music festival , Fashion week And the largest number Higher education institution And famous universities, ranked among the world's best student cities.

London at night (8 photos)

Of the 53 new tech companies worth more than $1 billion in Europe, 22 are based in London. According to the Mayor of London's Office, UK tech companies attracted a record amount of venture capital investment in 2017, at nearly £3 billion, with London tech companies attracting £2.45 billion of investment, accounting for 82% of the country's total. In 2017, London attracted far more money than any other major European city, almost Germany Four times more than that France , Ireland and Sweden The sum of.

London's traditional festivals mainly include Christmas, Easter and Thanksgiving, as well as royal announcement day BANK HOLIDAY and the Queen's Birthday.

Special product

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arugula

arugula Also known as purple flower of South mustard, alias, German mustard, etc., English names rocket, arugul. Its fresh leaf juice has a sesame flavor, hence the name. It is widely produced in continental Europe and is loved by Londoners Seasonal vegetable One of them.

Haggis

Haggis It's a traditional dish similar to a big sausage, known locally as mutton chop pudding, which is made by mixing mutton chop with other condiments, filling it with pig intestines, and steaming it.

Scenic spot

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The main attractions in London are The Thames (River Thames), Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), Swiss Re tower (Swiss Re Tower), Palace of Westminster (Palace of Westminster) Elizabeth Tower (Big Ben), Millennium Bridge (Millennium Bridge), The London Eye (London Eye), Greenwich Observatory (Greenwich Observatory), Canary Wharf (Canary Wharf), Millennium dome (Millennium Dome) and St Paul's Cathedral (St Paul's Cathedral, etc.)

Sister city

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New York (United States)	Tokyo (Japan)
Berlin (Germany)	Paris (France)
Peking (China) ^[27]

Honorary title

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On July 11, 2019, the 2019 Xinhua - Baltic Sea International Shipping Center Development Index was released, and London ranked third in the world.

On 10 October 2019, London won the C40 Cities' Clean Air 'Award.

On 12 November 2019, London was ranked second in the "2019 Top 20 Global Cities for Economic Competitiveness". ^[13]

Global 2019 Sustainable competitiveness Top 20, with London in fourth place.

On December 26, 2019, it ranked second on the list of Top 500 Global Cities in 2019. ^[14]

In September 2021, London ranked 30th Global Financial Centers Index (GFCI) second place. ^[16]

On March 24, 2022, the 31st edition of the "Global Financial Centers Index" ranked second. ^[18]

In April 2023, it was ranked the 4th richest city in the world. ^[20]

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