In Warsaw, Republic of Poland The capital, Mazovtia Province The provincial capital, the political, economic and cultural center and the largest city in Poland. Of central Poland Vistula Cross-strait, metropolitan area population 3.78 million, Urban area 510 square kilometers, it is the ninth largest capital city in the European Union, 19 World's first-tier city One of them, tall buildings, heavy traffic, have Europe A few cities together Frankfurt , London , Moscow and Paris There are many skyscraper constituent skyline It is also one of the best green cities in the world, with a total green area of 12,600 hectares, accounting for about 27% of the total urban area, and 77.7 square meters per capita, ranking first among major cities in the world.

Warsaw is Famous historical city , was Central Europe The trade artery of all countries has been a very prosperous place since ancient times, from the 10th century there are settlements, the 13th century to obtain city qualifications, the 15th century city began to have a certain scale, has always been the largest city in Poland World War I World War II period It was occupied at one point World War II smut Serious damage After decades of post-war restoration, it has become a beautiful city.

Chinese name: Warsaw
Foreign name: Warsaw
alias: green capital
Administrative category: capital , Provincial capital
Subordinate region: Republic of Poland
Geographical position: 52°15' N, 21°00' E
Area product: 517.24 km2 (city)
Telephone area code: 4822

Postal code: 00-XXX—02-XXX
Climatic condition: Temperate continental climate
Population number: 1,794,200 ^[6] (December 2020)
Famous scenic spot: Villanuf Palace
aerodrome: Warsaw Okenche Chopin International Airport
Railway station: Warsaw Central Railway Station
License plate code: WA, WB, WD, WE, WF, WH, WI, etc
build: The year 1323

catalogue

Origin of name

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EDITOR

Warsaw in POLISH The name is in honor of the brave spirit of a couple named Walsey and Shava who defied all odds and finally got married. ^[1] in Poland , outfall in Baltic Sea The Vistula River, legend has it Mermaid .

City Symbols of Warsaw

At that time, a young man named Walsey and a young woman named Shawa were accompanied by a boat to Warsaw, the capital of Poland, to explore their homes Mermaid They are their witnesses and their patrons. It gradually developed into a city, and later generations, in order to commemorate them, took their names together as "Warsaw" as the name of the city, and took the mermaid image as the coat of arms of Warsaw.

In 1936, the famous Polish sculptor Rudvika Krakowska-Nitzhova began to sculpture Mermaid statue This statue, like other mermaids, is a naked young woman on the top and a fish tail on the bottom. The difference is that the mermaid statue in Warsaw is tall, the girl holds her head up, holds a shield in her left hand and holds a sword in her right hand, creating a heroic image of defending the motherland. Today, in front of the mermaid statue, flowers are constantly bouquets throughout the year, showing the Polish people's love for their country.

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Warsaw was inhabited in the 10th and early 11th centuries, the city was founded in the mid-13th century and became the capital in 1596.

This in Warsaw World famous city It was founded in the 13th century as a medieval town on the Vistula River crossing. In Polish, Warsaw is Walshava, and legend has it that a couple called Walsi and Shava bravely fought against the king's obstruction and finally got married. People were so impressed by the bravery of the young lovers that they named the city after them, which was later shortened to Warsaw.

Warsaw skyline

It was under foreign rule for more than 200 years from the beginning of the 18th century and was restored as the capital of Poland in 1919.

In 1596, King Sigismund Vasa III of Poland brought the royal family together Central government It moved from Krakow to Warsaw and became the capital. In a war between 1655 and 1657, Warsaw was destroyed Serious damage In the following centuries, it was repeatedly occupied and ruled by other peoples.

In 1918 Warsaw once again became the capital of Poland. in World War II In Warsaw, the beautiful old city was severely damaged, almost razed to the ground, more than 85% of the city's buildings were destroyed, those that were magnificent Classical architecture There was almost nothing left. There were ruins and scorched earth. Some Westerners once asserted: "Warsaw will not return to the earth, at least for 100 years there is no hope." But the facts suggest otherwise. After Warsaw emerged from the war in 1945, the city was rebuilt as it was, not only maintaining the appearance of the old medieval city, but also building a new downtown that exceeded the size and level of the pre-war period. In the process of reconstruction, the protection and restoration of historical monuments have been paid special attention, and almost all of the more than 900 historic buildings in the city before the war have been restored and decorated, and those former palaces, churches, castles, etc., are even more magnificent.

In 1920, the population exceeded one million, making it one of the largest cities in Europe. It was badly damaged in World War II and quickly rebuilt after the war. Industrial sector Numerous to Machinery manufacturing industry The most famous, including electrical machinery, precision machinery, machine tools, aircraft, automobiles, agricultural machinery and other sectors, chemicals (pharmaceuticals, plastics, Chemical fiber ), textiles, food processing and other industries are also well developed. It is also the country's largest printing industry center. Be equipped with Polish Academy of Sciences , many research institutes and societies, the largest in the country Comprehensive university And many higher education institutions. Known for its high degree of greening, the urban green area is 126 square kilometers, and 67 parks are distributed. The northwest suburb of Jerazovovola is a musician Chopin My hometown.

When the plane arrived over Warsaw, looking down from the window, people were greeted by a beautiful and spectacular natural scene. The silver sparkling Vistula River, like a jade belt around the waist of Warsaw, majestic Old Town of Warsaw Standing on the banks of the river, the red spires of medieval European buildings stand one after another. Across the Vistula River Iron bridge On, busy traffic, a bustling scene. On both sides of the busy streets, towering houses, green trees, lawns, stretching into the distance, the whole city is like a giant ship moored in the green sea.

At the beginning of post-war reconstruction, the Polish government made a plan to build Warsaw into a" Mancheng Green modern city "scheme. The original forests and green areas in the city have been preserved and utilized as much as possible, and the outer forests have not been damaged by large-scale reconstruction. In order to reduce industrial pollution in the city, factories are built away from residential areas and away from the city center. The houses in the city are kept in a light color, and the whole city looks fresh refined .

Geographical environment

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Location boundary

The beautiful Vistula River flows quietly through the city from south to north, with lush trees and green grass along its banks. The streets and residential areas are vigorously greening, and lawns are planted under the trees, and there is basically no bare land in the city. On windy days, you don't see much dust in Warsaw. There are nearly 70 large and small parks in the city, with a green area of 130 square kilometers, with an average green area of 78 square meters per person, ranking among the best in the capitals of the world.

Warsaw City Center

The Bristol Hotel

Warsaw Chopin International Airport

The scenery of Warsaw City

Warsaw

The scenery of Warsaw City

Today, the city of Warsaw still maintains the layout of the old town and the new town. All kinds of historical monuments, places of interest are mostly concentrated in the old city, especially the magnificent palaces, huge churches, all kinds of Archery watchtower Every year, the castle attracts a large number of tourists from abroad. The Old town, located on the west bank of the Vistula River, is home to a spectacular collection of medieval red-spired buildings surrounded by 13th-century red-brick buildings Interior wall And 14th century facades, with towering ancient castles at the corners. The famous old building has been known as "Poland. National culture Monument "to the former Royal Palace, the most beautiful and spectacular in Warsaw Baroque architecture Krasinski Palace, Poland Classical architecture Outstanding representative The Palace of Vazinki And the Church of the Holy Cross, the Church of St. John, the Church of Rome, Churches in Russia Let's wait. There are monuments, statues or statues throughout the city, and the bronze statue of the mermaid on the Vistula River is the emblem of Warsaw. Internationally renowned physicist Madame Curie The apartment on Rue Freita where he was born has become a museum.

Warsaw satellite map

In the new town, modern high-rise buildings, one after another, all kinds of shops, restaurants, hotels, guesthouses abound. The residential area with quiet and elegant environment, reasonable layout, convenient life, lush trees, flowers and plants, like a garden. Traffic in the city is smooth and orderly. Colleges and universities, Scientific research institution , Museum of Modern Art, Movie theater The stadium is distributed in various districts and is full of vitality. Climb to the top of the 230-meter-high Palace of Culture and Science and look around the world Tourist city The view of Warsaw is unobstructed.

Warsaw

Climatic environment

Warsaw's climate belongs to Temperate continental climate , Mean air temperature The average temperature in January is -5 ° C, and the average temperature in July is 30 ° C. The average rainfall is 680 mm per year, with July being the wettest month. 2015 Annual mean temperature At 8.6 ° C, precipitation 613 mm.

Economic situation

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EDITOR

Warsaw is the political, economic and cultural center of Poland, and its industries include steel, Machine building (precision machinery, lathes, etc.), automobile, motor, pharmaceutical, chemical, textile, etc., mainly in electronics, mechanical and electrical, food. And the largest printing in the country Industrial center .

Social undertaking

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culture

Warsaw is also home to the Polish Academy of Sciences, Opera house , odeum And the "10th Anniversary Stadium" with a capacity of nearly 100,000 spectators.

education

Warsaw has 14 colleges and universities, established in the 19th century, the University of Warsaw is known for its rich collection of books, and the campus also has botanical gardens and observatory The University of Warsaw is ranked 321st in the 2021QS World University Rankings. 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities in Soft Science 301-400 digits; 2020U.S. News ranked 286th in the world University rankings. ^[2] in QS World University Rankings by subject In, engineering Psychology ranks among the top 200 in the world, and political science and International relations ranks 50-100 in the world.

traffic

Warsaw is the national transportation center and the European road and railway Communication network One of the hubs and the main one in Poland Air port .

Owned by Warsaw rail traffic Including: suburban train, subway, light rail, city bus, suburban bus.

Poland's state-run trains are the best option for long-distance travel and are cheaper than buses. The train signboard will open English alphabet List the station names in order, along with the train time of the station: departure time (Odjazdy) in yellow, arrival time (Przyjazdy) in white. Interregional train (Ekspresowy) is marked in red and "IC" or "Ex" is written before the train schedule. Through train Pospiezny is usually marked in red for the fastest speed; Slow train (Osobowy), marked black, is slower but about 35% cheaper than direct trains. All regional and direct trains have to be booked in advance, and there is usually a box on the signboard with the letter R, which you can direct to Ticket Seller Asking for a miejscowka means making an appointment.

Modern transportation

You'd better buy your ticket before you get on the train to avoid trouble. There are two kinds of tickets: regular and preferential: students and senior citizens Half price Preferential treatment, but foreigners are not allowed to buy Excursion ticket . Remember that foreigners are not allowed to use preferential tickets on buses or trains on domestic lines in Poland if there is no Poland Identification card The use of preferential tickets, after being found, but will be fined a high fine. Sunday tickets are 20% off, and all tickets are valid for the same day, so there may be a long queue to buy tickets, preferably at the station or Special distribution Buy your tickets in advance. The station does not announce whether trains are stopping or not, and sometimes the signs are not obvious.

State-run buses are cheaper and faster for short distances. Like trains, there is a difference between direct trains (Pospiezny, red) and local trains (Osobowy, black). Bus stops are usually crowded to buy tickets; Others require you to purchase tickets from the driver. In the countryside, there is an upside down yellow image Mercedes Where the bus signs, is the bus stop; That's the logo of Polish State Transport (PKS). But when you wave, the bus usually stops. self-help Travelers have big problems getting on the bus, but there's no room for your big backpack.

hitchhike It's legal, but it's dangerous. Wave to stop the car. Usually, foreigners hitchhiking is not a recommended mode of transportation.

Warsaw International airport Chopin International Airport is named in honor of the country's famous composer Chopin. Warsaw Chopin International Airport is a dual-use airport and the busiest airport in Poland. Lot Airlines It has 70 aircraft, with 91 cities in 38 countries Scheduled flight , International route 131 articles with a total length of 196,000 kilometers; Passenger volume 7.17 million people, Volume of freight traffic 41,000 tons. ^[3]

afforestation

The city covers an area of 446 square kilometers, with 65 large and small parks, green streets, green lawns and small flower beds dotted, the whole city is covered in a sea of green shade flowers. The city has a total of more than 12,000 green areas, accounting for about 27% of the total area of the city, and about 77.7 square meters of people, ranking first in the world's major cities.

Another prominent feature of Warsaw's greening is that Urban greening Combined with the fruit gardens, there are 2,700 hectares of fruit gardens, accounting for 6% of the total area of the city. The garden was built with sheds, Special way City dweller For rent. Employees can take the whole family to operate fruit trees here during holidays, or plant vegetables and flowers, and live a "pastoral" life.

History and culture

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EDITOR

Ancient city

The reconstruction of the old city of Warsaw began before World War II.

At that time, Hitler declared that Poland would be destroyed in a short time. The Poles were very angry, but at the time the Polish ruler Weak and incompetent . Out of architecture for the motherland Cultural heritage The love of the University of Warsaw Department of architecture The teachers and students of the old city of Warsaw have made mapping records of the main streets and important buildings. When the war broke out, they hid all the drawings and data in the cave, and although the houses and streets were destroyed, the image of it was preserved. In rebuilding Warsaw after the war, the Soviets advocated building a brand new, Socialist model The new Warsaw. Many Warsaw residents gathered in front of the city hall to discuss, the University of Warsaw teachers and students before the war to draw the old city drawings out of the exhibition, people gradually formed a consensus, to restore the original style of Warsaw's ancient city, and eventually forced the government to change the original decision. When the news of the restoration of the ancient city of Warsaw spread, 300,000 Poles who had wandered abroad suddenly returned. The Polish government complied with the demands of the people and organized them to participate in the labor of rebuilding Warsaw. The whole Poland set off an upsurge of patriotism, and the people's homes were rebuilt, which is the famous "Warsaw Speed" after the war.

Warsaw

The old town of Warsaw was later made a special case in 1980 The United Nations UNESCO is included in the World Heritage List " . World heritage site The people of Warsaw spontaneously rose up to protect their national culture and historical traditions, setting an example for all ancient cities in the world and having an important impact on the preservation of ancient cities in Europe.

diet

Polish people eat soup first, soup types are Beet soup (barszcz), Egg flower Cold soup (chtodnik), barley soup (krupnik) Some barley soup with eggs and Sausages (zurek). There are many types of main meals, the common ones are: meat tart gotabki (roll), containing rice and meat; Fried pork chop (kotlet schabowy); pancake mild cheese (Nalesniki); And all kinds of oceans Boiled dumpling ( pierogi ), such as meat, potatoes, cheese or blueberry Let's wait.

Poles love to drink, especially beer , vodka And special spirits. Zywiec is the most popular type of spirit (12%), and EB is also good, being a bit milder. There is also EB Czerwone, which is darker and has a stronger flavor. There are a variety of beers in circulation, the most famous being Okocim and Piast. There are many types of vodka, from wheat to potato, Wyborowa, Zytnia and Polonez are the more famous, all with specially designed bottles. Kosher Vodka is said to be the highest grade, but the origin of the name Kosher is unknown. There's an herbal Zubrowka vodka that comes with a handful buffalo The grass on the ground, often and Apple juice It's called z sokem jabtkowym. The Miod and Krupnik meals are Upper class Man's favorite. Some Polish amas make moonshine vodka, which I hear is well received.

Marriage custom

Poles take weddings very seriously. Both men and women must first register at the marriage registry office and invite relatives and friends to attend the registration ceremony. The bride and groom choose a man and a woman from their relatives or closest friends to be their witnesses. People who attend the wedding registration ceremony wear formal dress. Polish wedding to play The wedding March Here. As the wedding march sounded, the bride and groom entered the hall, led by the officiator in black robes. The bride and groom stand opposite the officiator, the witnesses and their parents sit in the front row of the hall, and the rest of the people follow. The officiant asks and listens to the bride and groom according to the rules, and then the bride and groom walk out of the hall slowly with the wedding march, the whole ceremony lasts a short time, generally only ten minutes, but it is very solemn and solemn. After the bride and groom walk out of the hall, others attending the ceremony line up in turn, give flowers to the bride and congratulate them.

Religious people have to go to the church after the marriage registration Religious wedding . The bride wears a white gauze dress and the groom wears black Western suit . After the religious wedding ceremony, when the bride and the couple walk out of the church, the prepared coins are thrown on the ground and picked up by the bride and groom one by one. Whoever picks up the most is expected to be the richest. Choose a wedding date to avoid rainy days. According to folklore, if it rains on the wedding day, it will indicate an "unhappy marriage", married life will be "full of dark clouds", and even the God will be sad and cry.

taboo

Poland, like many Catholic countries in Europe, has its share of taboos. Polish Catholic Not every Friday Pork . It is said that Friday is the Good Day when Jesus was crucified, so the Friday before Easter is prescribed as "the Friday before Easter" every year. Good Friday ". Polish dining seats taboo singular, especially taboo 13 people at the same table. They also refrain from holding any ceremonial activities on Friday, the 13th. Not only do 13 people not sit at the table, because it is easy to remind people of the betrayal of Jesus Judas And there is no number 13 in the house, no number 13 in the hotel. If the 13th falls on a Friday, you should not travel. Going out early in the morning, leaving the house and returning again, it is a sign that the day is not good, and if you meet a woman in mourning, a monk or a nun in black robes on the road early in the morning, it is considered unlucky. Poles meet black cats in the middle of the night. It was spilled at noon Cooking oil Are considered unlucky. In Poland, you can't light more than two cigarettes with one match. Europeans do not like to meet the funeral when they go out, and Polish men take off their hats when they meet the funeral. It is also considered bad luck for Poles to leave their top hat on the bed when they come home from outside. Beds in Polish homes are generally not allowed to sit, especially those of unmarried women.

Scenic spot

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EDITOR

The Polish word for Warsaw is Warszawa, which is said to be composed of the names of two lovers, Wars and Zawa. Warsaw has always maintained its old town and New town layout. Various historical monuments and places of interest are mostly concentrated in the old city, especially the magnificent palaces, huge churches, various archery towers, castles, etc., which attract a large number of tourists from overseas every year.

Warsaw

The capital of Warsaw is Poland's political, economic, cultural and Traffic center Founded in the 13th century AD, the city is located on both sides of the Vistula River, the north and south Yan River extends 29 kilometers, 26 kilometers wide from east to west, and covers an area of about 500 Square kilometer . The city is covered with lawns and green Spaces, surrounded by forests on the outskirts, and has the reputation of "Green Capital", which is currently the largest city in Poland.

Warsaw has Polish Academy of Sciences , University of Warsaw (Founded in 1816), Warsaw University of Technology Etc. Institution of higher learning There are national libraries, national museums, National Theatre , art Exhibition hall And other cultural facilities. International Chopin piano competitions began in 1927 and 1935, respectively VIOLIN Contest. Warsaw has always maintained the layout of the old town and the new town, and all kinds of historical monuments and places of interest are mostly concentrated in the old town, especially the magnificent palaces, huge churches, various archery towers, castles, etc., which attract a large number of tourists from abroad every year. In the new town, modern high-rise buildings, one after another, all kinds of shops, restaurants, hotels, guesthouses abound. Up to 230 meters Palace of Culture and Science At the top, look around and enjoy a panoramic view of the world-famous tourist city Warsaw.

Castle Square

Warsaw Castle Square Also known as the Palace Square, it is a huge square located at the southern end of Warsaw's Old Town. In the center of the square is a monument to King Kigmont III, who moved the Polish capital from Krakow to Warsaw.

Royal Palace in Warsaw Also known as Warsaw Castle, it was built at the end of the 13th century. The building is pentagonal, beautiful and magnificent.

The German bombing of Poland in 1939 destroyed the Royal Palace, and in 1971 Social financing Rebuild the palace.

The palace was restored in 1984 and opened to the public.

At the southern end of the Palazzo Square stands a granite column topped by a bronze statue of Chigmont III, who decided to make Warsaw his capital. This column is an older monument of Warsaw and one of the symbols of the city. The palace gallery is full of paintings by the most famous painters in Polish history History of Poland Paintings. The Royal Palace in Warsaw is a cultural symbol of Poland's thousand-year historical tradition and a witness to the rise and fall of the nation. There are many sightseeing carriages waiting for guests on the square, and on the opposite side of the square there is the old palace which is now used as a museum and the small palace Visitor information center .

Warsaw Old Town

Warsaw Old Town Buildings are all Late repair Reconstructed, but this does not affect people's appreciation of its exquisite with. There are many attractions in the old Town, such as the mermaid statue, the Royal palace, the Old Town Square and the Madame Curie Museum. You can spend half a day in the old town slowly admiring the surrounding buildings and tasting authentic Polish cuisine.

Monument to Copernicus

Nicola Copernicus The monument is one of the famous landmarks of Warsaw, erected in front of the Staszic Palace, to commemorate the proposed Heliocentric theory The great Polish astronomer Copernicus Built by...

Old Town Market Square

The central square of Warsaw's Old Town. It was the center of the city until the 18th century, hosting a market. Today the square is surrounded by restaurants, Gift shop The cafe.

Pilsudsky Square

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was built in 1925, World War II During which it was destroyed. Today the tomb of the Unknown Soldier is decorated on the ruins. Engraved on the marble Polish army The place and date of the battle, the tomb contains soil collected from the battlefield where Polish martyrs died. Saxony Park takes its name from the old royal palace in the park, the Palace of Saxony, which served as the birthplace of Poland staff The palace was destroyed in World War II.

National museum

Built in 1926-1938, the museum includes Museum of ancient Art , Foreign Art Museum, Polish Art Museum and Polish local painting exhibition. The museum also has multiple branches.

Holy Cross Church

The Church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw was built between 1679 and 1696 and was the site of protests during World War II Nazi The church was destroyed in the war and rebuilt after the war. The church contains the heart and body of the Polish pianist Chopin Nobel Prize The heart of novelist Lemont.

Palace of Culture and Science

Located next to Warsaw Central Railway Station, it is one of the tallest buildings in central Warsaw. It was built between 1952 and 1955 by The Soviet Union Built and donated to Poland, it is 237 meters high and has 38 floors. The roof has a viewing deck overlooking the city.

Wazinki Park

The year 1766 Kings of Poland The land was purchased for a garden and a Summer Palace. Within the park are the Palac na Wodzie (Water Palace) built on an island in the lake, the Palac Myslewicki Palace (State Guesthouse), the Belweder Palace (presidential residence), the Bialy Dom (White House) in the style of an Italian villa, Italian style the amphitheatre An ancient theater from the 18th century. There is also a bronze statue of the famous Polish pianist Chopin, built in 1926.

Villanuf Palace

10 km south of the city, the former Summer Palace of the Polish king, has "small The Palace of Versailles Said of Baroque The palace building. The palace is surrounded by 43 hectares of large gardens with orangery English garden and Chinese garden.

Presidential Palace in Warsaw

The presidential palace (Pa? ac Prezydencki) is a building Neoclassical architecture It was built in 1818 and stands in front of the building Jozef Poniatowski The statue of Prince Jozef Poniatowski. Here used to be Napoleon The headquarters, is now Presidents of Poland The official residence.

Mermaid statue

The bronze statue is the symbol of the city of Warsaw and is 2.5 meters high. It's the legendary mermaid who conquered the Vistula River nacre .

The Palace of Neberuf

It is more than 80 km southwest of Warsaw. Classic Italian Baroque manor house architecture. 17th century by Netherlands architect Design and construction In the 18th century, it was expanded and built into a beautiful park. Formerly Bishop Rajyovsky Noble manor , is now Warsaw National Museum Branch library. It used to be a meeting place for aristocrats. Many valuable works of art are displayed in the palace. Next to the palace there are stables and two Citrus orchard . There are "Stone women" and early romantic period Shame pole .

Sister city

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EDITOR

Sister city

United Kingdom: Coventry 1957

United States: Chicago 1960

Spain: Madrid In 1981

Germany: Dusseldorf 1989

Japan: Hamamatsu 1990

France: Central region 1990

Canada : Toronto 1990

Türkiye : Istanbul 1991

Germany: Berlin 1991

Israel : Tel Aviv-Jaffa 1992

Argentina : Buenos Aires 1992

China: Harbin 1993

Russia : Moscow 1993

Ukraine : Kyiv 1994

China: Taipei 1995

France: Saint Etienne 1995

South Korea: Seoul 1996

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro 1997

Russia: St. Petersburg 1997

Russia: Grozny, 1997

Republic of Lithuania : Vilnius 1998

Vietnam : Hanoi (capital of Vietnam) In 2000

Kazakhstan : Nursultan , 2002

Latvia : Riga , 2002

Hungary : Budapest 2005

Norse : Oslo 2005

The Philippines : Manila , 2006

Partner city

Georgia : Tbilisi

France: Paris

Czech Republic : Bragg

Armenia : Yerevan (Erevan)

City honor

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EDITOR

In November 2018, World City rankings Release, Warsaw enter World's first-tier city Ranks. ^[4]

December 26, 2019, ranked Top 500 global Cities in 2019 Number 31 on the list. ^[5]

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