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North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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A military alliance led by the United States
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO) NATO or NATO, World War II Later, America In order to contain The Soviet Union To maintain its dominant position in Europe, a group of Western European countries formally established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on April 4, 1949 [33] . Headquartered in Belgium Brussels . NATO has a lot of Nuclear weapon And conventional forces are important to the West Military force . This was after World War II capitalism The sign of a strategic alliance in military terms is Marshall Plan The extension and development of the military field enabled the United States to control European Union The defense system of the American world superpower A sign of leadership. [11-12]
In 1999, at 11:45 PM Belgrade time on May 7 (5:45 am Beijing time on May 8), NATO led by the United States blatantly bombed the Chinese Embassy in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Xinhua News Agency journalist Shao Yunhuan ," Guangming Daily "Reporter Xu Xinghu and Zhu Ying Killed on the spot, dozens injured. Following the escalation of the Ukraine crisis in February 2022, Sweden and Finland simultaneously applied for NATO membership in May of the same year. Finland was officially admitted to NATO in April 2023. [112]
On March 7, 2024, local time, Swedish Prime Minister Christiansen submitted the document of Sweden's accession to NATO to the United States Secretary of State Blinken, the custodianship of NATO documents, marking Sweden's formal accession to the treaty and becoming the 32nd member state of NATO. [98] [107] [112]
Chinese name
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Foreign name
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (English)
Organisation du Traite de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN) (in French)
Abbreviated form
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
dominance
In order to America chief Military alliance
Date of establishment
April 4, 1949
Member state
America , Britain , France , Germany Wait for 32 countries [88]
Secretary general
Jens Stoltenberg
Headquarters location
Belgium Brussels

catalogue

  1. 1Development history
  2. 2Organizational structure
  3. ▪North Atlantic Council
  4. ▪International secretariat
  5. ▪Military commission
  6. ▪North Atlantic Council
  7. 3Organization member
  8. ▪Membership status
  9. ▪Development trend
  10. 4Symbolic sign
  1. ▪banner
  2. ▪News media
  3. 5Main activity
  4. 6Military deployment
  5. ▪Combat troops
  6. ▪Military base
  7. 7Military action
  8. ▪Bombing the embassy
  9. ▪Kosovo War
  10. ▪War in Afghanistan
  1. ▪War in Libya
  2. ▪Russia-ukraine conflict in 2022
  3. 8Relevant mechanism
  4. ▪Partnership for Peace Program
  5. ▪Euro-atlantic Partnership Council
  6. ▪Mediterranean dialogue
  7. ▪Istanbul Cooperation Initiative
  8. ▪Global partners
  9. 9Major international events
  10. ▪Break off cooperation with Russia
  1. ▪The largest military exercise since 2002
  2. ▪The United States seeks to cut spending on NATO
  3. ▪70th anniversary summit
  4. ▪2022 Joint military exercise
  5. ▪2024 Joint military exercise
  6. 10Military expenditure development
  7. 11Latest news

Development history

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EDITOR
On April 4, 1949, America , Britain , France , Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg , Canada , Denmark , Norse , Iceland , Portugal , Italy Twelve nations signed the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington. The Convention provides that an armed attack against any of the Contracting States shall be considered an attack against all of them. On August 24, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty entered into force after successive ratifications. [11]
On February 18, 1952, Greece , Türkiye Join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
On May 6, 1955, Federal Republic of Germany Join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
In 1982, Spain Officially joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
In July 1990, the 11th NATO Summit was announced in London Cold war That's it.
In December 1991, NATO decided at the Rome Summit to establish the North Atlantic Cooperation Council with some Central and Eastern European countries.
In January 1994, the NATO Brussels Summit adopted an agreement with the Central and Eastern European countries as well Russia The establishment of the "Partnership for Peace" plan and the dispatch of peacekeeping troops to Bosnia and Herzegovina in December.
In September 1996, NATO published the Study Report on its Eastward Expansion Plan.
In July 1997, Madrid The Summit decided on the first batch of admissions Poland , Czech Republic and Hungary Join NATO.
On March 12, 1999, NATO held a ceremony in Missouri, the United States, officially admitted Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic to the union. [12]
On October 4, 2001, NATO invoked Article 5 of the NATO Charter for the first time, stating that the attacks of September 11 "shall be considered an attack against all Contracting States."
In June 2003, a meeting of NATO defense ministers decided to improve NATO's response capacity by streamlining the military command structure.
On September 1, 2003, the Commander of NATO Supreme Allied Command Europe was officially renamed NATO Allied Military Operations Command, with overall responsibility for the command and coordination of all NATO military operations, and its Supreme Military officer was Craddock, who assumed office in December 2006.
On 29 March 2004, the NATO Summit in Prague reached a decision on the second wave of eastward enlargement and decided to accept it Estonia , Latvia , Republic of Lithuania , Slovakia , Slovenia , Romania and Bulgaria Seven countries formally submitted their respective legal texts of accession to NATO, thus becoming new members of the alliance, expanding the membership of NATO from 19 in the early 2000s to 26. This is the largest expansion of NATO since its founding in 1949.
On April 1, 2009, Croatia and Albania Officially joined NATO, raising the number of member states to 28.
On July 8, 2016, the NATO summit will be held in the Polish capital Warsaw, which will discuss the decision to send four NATO battalions to Poland and the Baltic States. [2]
On June 5, 2017, Montenegro Officially became the 29th member of NATO. [13]
On March 27, 2020, North Macedonia Officially joined NATO as the 30th member of the alliance. [1]
In January 2017, U.S. Marines entered Norway for training for the first time [3] . On November 8, 2017, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held a meeting of defense ministers at its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, and agreed to establish the "Atlantic Command" and "Regional Command". It is the first time in more than 20 years that NATO has added a military command.
On June 7, 2018, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg announced that NATO would create two new commands in the United States and Germany, while increasing the number of military personnel by 1,200. On June 26, NATO published its Joint Air Power Strategy, the first air force strategy document since its inception. [3]
On March 8, 2022, Swedish Prime Minister Jens Andersson said at a press conference that Sweden's bid to join NATO would worsen the situation. [16]
According to reports on March 11, 2022, on March 10, local time, US President Joe Biden met with the visiting Colombian president Ivan Duque When said the United States plans to grant Colombia "Major non-NATO ally" status.
March 25, 2022 22:19 (Beijing time) Mezinsky said that Ukraine's position on not joining NATO and a third country to guarantee security is OK Understood. [22]
On April 25, 2022, the Finnish "Iltalehti" reported that Finland and Sweden plan to apply for the same agreement as early as mid-May Please join NATO. [28] On the same day, the Swedish evening newspaper Aftonbladet reported that the United States and the United Kingdom had reached out to each other Sweden Guarantees of military protection between application and formal NATO membership. [29]
On April 28, 2022, RIA Novosti reported that NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that if Sweden and Finland apply to join NATO, NATO will find ways to ensure the security of Sweden and Finland during the transition period. [30]
At 10 a.m. local time on May 12, 2022, the President of Finland Sauli Niinisto And premier Sanna Marin Issued a joint statement to formally declare their support Finland Apply to join NATO. [32] [37] [45] On May 15, Finland formally decided to apply for NATO membership. [39]
At 5 PM local time on May 15, 2022, Sweden's ruling Social Democratic Party announced that the Social Democratic Party Committee has formally decided to support Sweden's accession to NATO. [40]
At 1 p.m. local time on May 15, 2022, Finnish President Sauli Niinisto and Prime Minister Sanna Marin announced at a press conference held at the Presidential Palace in Helsinki that Finland has formally decided to apply for NATO membership.
On May 16, 2022, the Finnish Parliament will meet to consider Finland's application to join NATO. Finnish Foreign Minister Havisto said earlier that the paper application for NATO membership will be formally submitted to NATO headquarters in Brussels on May 18, 2022. [42]
At 15:00 local time on May 16, 2022, Swedish Prime Minister Andsson and Moderate Party Chairman Christiansen held a joint press conference. Swedish Prime Minister Lars Andersson says his government will apply to join NATO after a parliamentary debate. [44]
On May 17, 2022, the Finnish Parliament voted for Finland to join NATO, with 188 votes in favor, 8 votes against, and 3 absentee votes to approve Finland's application to join NATO. The opposition in the vote came mainly from the left-wing Syriza party, which said joining NATO would increase tensions on Finland's eastern borders and in the Baltic Sea region. 48 - [49]
On May 17, 2022 local time, Swedish Prime Minister Andsson and Finnish President Sauli Niinisto held a joint press conference in Stockholm, Sweden. The two countries will submit applications for NATO membership together on June 18. [50]
On May 18, 2022, CGTN quoted Reuters as reporting, Germany The federal cabinet has approved it Finland and Sweden NATO membership request. [52]
On May 23, 2022, according to Russian satellite News agency Washington, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that Colombia would be granted the status of a major non-NATO ally. [53]
On June 28, 2022, according to the Russian Sputnik news agency, the office of the Finnish President announced that Turkey will support the invitation of Finland and Sweden to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
On June 29, 2022, NATO announced in a communique that NATO member states have formally agreed to invite Sweden and Finland to join NATO. [56]
On June 29-30, 2022 local time, the NATO Summit was held in Madrid, the capital of Spain. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said Wednesday that NATO members have agreed to expand the alliance's rapid reaction force to more than 300,000 troops and decided to provide more support to Ukraine. [57]
On June 30, 2022, according to the Russian satellite news agency, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said at the end of the NATO summit in Madrid that the protocol on the accession of Sweden and Finland to NATO will be signed on July 5.
On July 4, 2022 local time, Finnish Foreign Minister Havistal and Swedish Foreign Minister Linde and NATO Assistant Secretary General Cardenbach completed the final talks on the two countries' accession to NATO at NATO headquarters in Brussels, and Finland and Sweden officially confirmed their willingness to join NATO and assume the political, legal and military obligations under the Covenant. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, Havisto and Linde will officially sign the protocol for Finland and Sweden to join NATO on the 5th local time. The protocol will then be submitted to NATO member states for ratification. [59]
In July 2022, China International Television News, Finland and Sweden officially signed the protocol to join NATO. [60] On July 5, local time, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg and Finnish Foreign Minister Havisto and Swedish Foreign Minister Linde officially signed the Finnish and Swedish accession protocol to NATO in Brussels, NATO headquarters. The protocol will then go to NATO's 30 existing member states for ratification. [61] On July 5, local time, according to Swedish television news, 30 ambassadors to NATO have now signed an agreement for Sweden and Finland to join NATO. [62] On July 18, the U.S. House of Representatives voted to pass a resolution supporting Finland and Sweden to join NATO [65] . On July 27, the NATO Defense College, a Rome-based NATO think tank, released a report saying that Russia may be reserving its air power for future attacks on NATO countries. The British Daily Express directly reported on the report, "NATO issued a terror warning," and interpreted the relevant content as "Putin may be amassing air power for attacks on European countries." [61-62] [104]
On August 3, 2022, the United States Senate voted 95 to 1 to approve the application of Finland and Sweden to join NATO. [68]
On August 9, 2022 local time, US President Joe Biden signed the protocol for Sweden and Finland to join NATO, which will be submitted to NATO after Biden's signature. [69]
On August 27, 2022, the Czech House of Representatives approved the application of Finland and Sweden to join NATO. [71]
On September 30, 2022 local time, Ukraine Signing an application to join NATO. [72]
Local time on November 4, 2022, the Japanese Defense Minister Yasuichi Hamada At a press conference on the same day, Japan officially joined the NATO Cyber Defense Center. [73]
On November 4, 2022, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg that Turkey will not formally approve the accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO until the two countries have taken the necessary "steps". [74]
On November 24, 2022, according to Agence France-Presse, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said that the country's parliament will approve the application of Finland and Sweden to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2023 [75] .
On March 1, 2023, the Finnish Parliament voted 184 to 7 to approve the country's accession to NATO. [77]
On March 9, 2023, Brussels time, representatives of Sweden, Finland and Turkey held talks on the accession of the two countries to NATO in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. [79]
On March 22, 2023, the Swedish Parliament voted to approve the government's proposal for Sweden to join NATO. [80]
2023 - Finnish President Sauli Niinisto signed amendments to national laws required to join NATO on Tuesday, formalizing the country's historic bid, the Associated Press reported. [82]
On March 27, 2023, the Hungarian Parliament voted to approve Finland's application to join NATO. [83]
On March 29, 2023, Hungary suspended the process of approving Sweden's application to join NATO. [85]
On March 30, 2023, the Turkish Grand National Assembly voted to approve Finland's application to join NATO. [86]
On April 4, 2023, Finland officially joined NATO. [87] [90]
On June 15, 2023 local time, European Parliament By a vote of 425 to 38, with 42 abstentions, it passed a resolution urging Ukraine to be invited to join NATO at next month's summit. [93]
On July 5, 2023, according to TASS news agency, citing the content of the official agenda document of the NATO summit in Vilnius, NATO has confirmed the establishment of the so-called "NATO-Ukraine Council" and will hold the first meeting of the Council at the level of heads of state and government on July 12 from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. [95]
On July 10, 2023, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius that the Turkish government has agreed to submit the protocol on Sweden's accession to NATO to its parliament for ratification. [96]
Reported on July 12, 2023, Prime Minister of Japan Fumio Kishida Held talks with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg in Lithuania. The two sides issued new documents "Individual Targeted Partnership Programme" (ITPP), decided to expand cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. [97]
On December 26, 2023, the Turkish Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee approved Sweden's accession to NATO. [98]
On January 25, 2024 local time, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan signed the formal agreement for Sweden to join NATO, the decision was published in the official Gazette of Turkey. At this point, Turkey has completed all the procedures for approving Sweden's membership in NATO. [101]
On January 25, 2024 local time, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan signed the formal agreement for Sweden to join NATO. [102]
On January 26, 2024, the chairman of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee approved the $20 billion sale of Lockheed Martin's F-16 fighter jets to Turkey. [103]
On February 26, 2024, the Hungarian Parliament voted to approve Sweden's application to join NATO. [105] [107]
On March 5, 2024, Hungarian President Johann Shoyuk signed into law the accession of Sweden to NATO. [109]
On March 7, 2024, local time, Swedish Prime Minister Christiansen submitted the document of Sweden's accession to NATO to the United States Secretary of State Blinken, the custodianship of NATO documents, marking Sweden's formal accession to the treaty. On March 11, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held a ceremony at its headquarters in Brussels for Sweden to join the alliance. Sweden became the 32nd member of NATO. [110] [112]
On April 18, 2024, Argentina formally applied to join NATO as a "global partner" country. At the same time, the Argentine government is seeking to improve ties with the West in order to attract investment. [114]
NATO holds Sweden's admission ceremony [113]

Organizational structure

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EDITOR
NATO's main institutions include the North Atlantic Council, the Military Commission, the International Secretariat, and a number of subsidiary bodies and professional committees.

North Atlantic Council

The North Atlantic Council (also known as the NATO Council) is the highest political decision-making body of NATO. It is divided into three levels: the Council of Heads of State, the Council of Ministers and the Standing Council. The Council of Heads of State, known as the NATO summit, meets irregularly to consult and decide on major strategic issues. The Council of Ministers is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, defense and finance ministers of the member states. It is responsible for deliberating major political and security-related issues of NATO and holds several meetings every year. The Permanent Council (also known as the Council of Permanent Representatives) is made up of ambassadorial representatives of member states to NATO headquarters in Brussels and assumes day-to-day decision-making functions of NATO. [12]

International secretariat

The International Secretariat (International Staff) is the organization directly headed by the NATO Secretary General, responsible for preparing NATO meetings, external relations, and providing administrative support to member states' missions at NATO headquarters. There is one deputy secretary General and eight assistant secretaries General in charge of eight business departments. The NATO Secretary General is responsible for the proper functioning of the advisory and decision-making process and ensuring that decisions are effectively implemented. [12]
  • Secretary general
Since its founding on April 4, 1949, NATO has had 13 secretaries General.
Jens Stoltenberg (Jens Stoltenberg). Born on March 16, 1959 in Oslo, Norway, he graduated from the University of Oslo with a master's degree in economics, a Norwegian economist, leader of the Norwegian Labour Party and former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Norway. At the age of 26, he became chairman of the Labour Party's youth wing. Since 1990 he has held important positions in government, Parliament and the Labour Party. Internally, it advocates welfare and social justice, pragmatic economic development and political reform. In diplomacy, we advocate and promote multilateralism under the UN framework. He served two terms as Prime Minister of Norway in 2000 and 2005, his second term lasting until 2013.
On 1 October 2014, he succeeded Anders Fogh Rasmussen as the 13th Secretary-General of NATO. [4]
On March 24, 2022, Norway's tv2 radio reported that NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg has extended his term of office by one year [18] .
NATO Secretary General
ID
name
nationality
Term of office
1
Lord Lord Ismay
Britain
1952-1957
2
Paul Sparks
Belgium
1957-1961
3
Dirk Stick
Netherlands
From 1961 to 1964
4
Manlio Brosio
Italy
1964-1971
5
Joseph Lens
Netherlands
1971-1984
6
Lord Peter Carrington
Britain
1984-1988
7
Manfred Woerner
Germany
1988-1994
8
Willy Klaas
Belgium
1994-1995
9
Javier Solana
Spain
From 1995 to 1999
10
George Robertson
Britain
From 1999 to 2003
11
Jaap de Hoop Scheffer
Netherlands
2004-2009
12
Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Denmark
2009-2014
13
Jens Stoltenberg
Norse
2014-present [91]

Military commission

The Military Committee is divided into two levels: one is the Chief of staff level, which is composed of the chiefs of staff of the member countries participating in the integrated military command system and meets about three times a year; The second is the permanent representative level, holding weekly meetings. The Chairman of the Military Council is elected by the Supreme military chiefs of each member state for a term of three years. The executive body of the Military Commission is the International Military Staff. [12]

North Atlantic Council

North Atlantic Council (NATO Parliamentary Assembly). It is an inter-parliamentary organization of NATO's 26 member states and 17 associated countries, with parliamentarians appointed by each country's parliament and assigned in proportion to the country's population. The purpose of the Parliament is to encourage cooperation between parliaments, to strengthen the links between parliaments and NATO institutions, and to promote the objectives of the North Atlantic Treaty. The Parliament meets in plenary twice a year. [12]

Organization member

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EDITOR

Membership status

NATO headquarters building
As of March 7, 2024 [111] The North Atlantic Treaty Organization has 32 members: Belgium , Iceland , Denmark , Germany , France , Netherlands , Canada , Luxembourg , America , Norse , Portugal , Türkiye , Spain , Greece , Italy , Britain , Poland , Hungary , Czech Republic , Estonia , Latvia , Republic of Lithuania , Slovakia , Slovenia , Romania , Bulgaria , Albania , Croatia , Montenegro , North Macedonia , Finland , Sweden [88] [111] . Headquartered in Belgium The capital of... Brussels . [12]

Development trend

On May 16, 2022, The Swedish government has formally decided to apply for NATO membership . Sweden's statement of intent to join NATO will be presented to the alliance in the coming days. [46]
On June 29, 2022, NATO leaders formally invited Finland and Sweden to join the alliance. Finland and Sweden applied to join NATO in May. Membership of the military organization requires the unanimous approval of all 30 NATO members. Turkey had previously opposed the inclusion of Finland and Sweden unless they met its security demands. Turkey reversed its stance and gave the green light to Sweden and Finland to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. [55]
On July 5, 2022, local time, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, Finnish Foreign Minister Havisto and Swedish Foreign Minister Linde officially signed the Finnish and Swedish accession Protocol to NATO in Brussels, NATO headquarters. The protocol will then go to NATO's 30 existing member states for ratification.
On 27 March 2023, the Hungarian Parliament approved Finland's accession to NATO. [84]
On April 3, 2023, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that Finland will join NATO on April 4. Finland has officially become the 31st member of NATO. [88] On April 4, local time, at the NATO foreign ministers' meeting held at the NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, Finland officially joined NATO, becoming its 31st full member. This is also the first expansion of NATO since North Macedonia joined the alliance in 2020.

Symbolic sign

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EDITOR

banner

NATO flag
The NATO flag was adopted in 1954. The dark blue base of the flag represents Atlantic The circle represents unity and the compass symbolizes the common goal of peace among member states. [15]

News media

publication
NATO Review is published in English, French, Dutch, German, Italian and Spanish (bimonthly), Danish, Greek, Portuguese and Turkish (quarterly), and Ice and Norwegian (annual). [12]

Main activity

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EDITOR
After the 1990s, with Warsaw Pact With the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of NATO, NATO quickly adjusted its strategy to replace the "forward defense strategy" with the "comprehensive crisis management strategy", and tried its best to expand its influence to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union through the eastward expansion of NATO and the implementation of the "Partnership for Peace program", playing an increasingly important role in European security affairs. [12]
On May 28-29, 1991, the NATO Defense Ministers' Meeting decided to replace the "Forward Defense Strategy" with the "comprehensive crisis Response Strategy". A major reduction in the number of troops, the formation of a main defense force composed of seven armies, a rapid reaction force of 70,000 people and the armed forces of member states to form a new three-tier defense system of NATO. On November 7-8, NATO held a summit in Rome and adopted NATO's New Strategic Concept A major adjustment of NATO's military strategy, abandoning the "forward defense strategy" and shifting from the former focus on dealing with the Soviet Union to "conflict prevention and crisis management"; Reducing the size of the force and improving its flexibility, mobility and rapid response capabilities; Adjust the "flexible response strategy" and reduce nuclear weapons, but will still maintain a certain nuclear deterrent. The meeting decided to establish a "North Atlantic Cooperation Council" and invited the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania and the newly independent Baltic states to participate in the first special foreign ministers' meeting to be held in December to determine the political and security consultations and cooperation between the two sides. On December 9, NATO held a meeting of foreign ministers of 16 countries, and the next day jointly held the first meeting of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (hereinafter referred to as "Northern Cooperation Council") with the foreign ministers of former Warsaw Pact countries Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The Northern Council issued a Statement on Dialogue, Partnership and Cooperation, and decided to strengthen the contact mechanism between NATO and former Warsaw Pact member states, holding a meeting of foreign ministers of member states once a year and a meeting at the ambassadorial level every two months. The statement also identified the scope of cooperation between the two sides, including defense programs, arms control, military conversion, science and technology and environmental protection. [12]
On June 10-11, 1993, the NATO Ministerial Council Spring Meeting and the Northern Council Foreign Ministers Meeting were held in Athens. The NATO Council of Ministers has issued a statement saying that NATO is willing to provide air protection to the United Nations peacekeeping force operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [12]
On January 10-11, 1994, the 16 NATO countries held the first summit meeting in Brussels after the collapse of the Soviet Union, mainly discussing the new strategy and internal adjustment of NATO under the new situation Russia And relations between Central and Eastern European countries Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina And so on. The meeting produced the Partnership for Peace Plan and issued the Summit Statement. [12]
On May 31, 1995, at the meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Northern Cooperation Council, Russian Foreign Minister Kozyrev announced that Russia officially joined NATO's "Partnership for Peace Program" and signed the "Bilateral Military Cooperation Program" and the "Framework Document of the Regular Open Consultation System" between NATO and Russia. On December 5, the NATO Council of Ministers approved a study of NATO's eastward expansion and approved Spanish Foreign Minister Javier Solana as NATO Secretary-General. Subsequently, NATO officially approved the dispatch of a NATO-commanded, 60,000-strong multinational force to Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the implementation of the peace agreement. [12]
On 3 June 1996, the spring meeting of the NATO Council of Ministers, held in Berlin, Germany, decided to establish a multinational multi-arms joint task force and agreed that the Western European Allies would use the above-mentioned force on behalf of the Western European Union, without the participation of ground troops from the United States, and would have access to NATO staff, intelligence, communications, transport and logistics facilities. We carry out peacekeeping operations and humanitarian assistance abroad. [12]
On March 20-21, 1997, the United States and Russia held a special summit in Helsinki on NATO enlargement, arms control, and bilateral economic and trade cooperation. On May 29-30, the Spring Council of NATO Foreign Ministers held in Sintra, Portugal, decided to establish a "Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council" to replace the Northern Cooperation Council, strengthen the Partnership for Peace program, and also advocated strengthening NATO's ties with the Mediterranean countries. It also decided to train military personnel for six Mediterranean countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania. On July 8-9, NATO members held a summit in Madrid and unanimously decided to immediately start accession negotiations with Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic and complete the legal ratification procedures before the 50th anniversary of NATO's founding in 1999. On December 2, the NATO Autumn Defense Ministers' Meeting was held in Brussels. The meeting decided to reduce the level of NATO's military command structure from four to three levels, reduce the number of various commands from 65 to 20, and decided to maintain a certain scale of military presence in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the expiry of the NATO peacekeeping Force in June 1998. Spain has decided to rejoin NATO's military integration body as its air superiority claim over the Strait of Gibraltar has been met. On the 16th, the Autumn Council of NATO Foreign Ministers was held in Brussels. The Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the 16 countries and the Foreign ministers of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic officially signed the protocol on the accession of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic to NATO, and ratified the agreement reached at the NATO Defense Ministers' meeting on December 2 on streamlining the military command system and extending the mission of NATO forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [12]
On May 28-29, 1998, the Spring Council of NATO Foreign Ministers was held in Luxembourg, mainly to discuss Kosovo and the nuclear tests between India and Pakistan. The 16 NATO countries also held a meeting of foreign ministers of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council with 28 partner countries. [12]
From March 24 to June 10, 1999, NATO carried out large-scale air strikes against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia without the authorization of the United Nations Security Council. On April 21, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Hungary decided to open their airspace, land and water routes to NATO forces engaged in military operations against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On the 22nd, Romania announced that it would open its airspace to NATO. On April 23-25, the heads of state and government of the 19 NATO member states and the "Partnership for Peace" held a summit in Washington to celebrate NATO's 50th anniversary. On 9 June, NATO and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed an agreement on the withdrawal of Federal forces from Kosovo. 10, NATO Secretary General Solana announced in Brussels, as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has begun to withdraw troops from Kosovo, NATO suspended the bombing of the South. On the 20th, NATO decided to officially stop the bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On December 2, NATO held a meeting of its Defense Planning Committee and nuclear Program group. On December 15, NATO held its autumn Foreign Ministers' Council at its headquarters in Brussels. [12]
February 15-16, 2000, NATO Secretary General Robertson vs Russia During a working visit, the two sides resumed contacts that had been suspended for nearly a year. [12]
On March 24, 2022, local time, the NATO summit was held at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, and the meeting lasted about two hours. After the meeting, the Joint statement of the heads of State and Government of NATO member States was issued, and the decision was made in three aspects.
The first is to continue to provide military assistance to Ukraine, including anti-tank weapons, anti-aircraft weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as anti-chemical weapons and anti-nuclear weapons equipment. It will also provide Ukraine with technical equipment to ensure cyber security.
The second is to strengthen the military deployment of NATO forces in the Baltic Sea, Eastern Europe and the Balkans. In addition to the four battle groups already deployed in the Baltic States and Poland, it has decided to deploy four additional battle groups in Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania, bringing the total strength of NATO in Eastern Europe and the Balkans to eight battle groups, about 40,000 troops. It also includes military deployments in the air and at sea.
Third, NATO members agreed to increase military spending, which will bring each country's military spending at or close to the standard of 2 percent of their gross domestic product. Germany, Belgium and other countries have announced increases in military spending ahead of the meeting.
NATO believes that Russia's military actions in Ukraine have fundamentally changed the security situation in Europe, and that the strategic adjustment that NATO needs to make as a result is long-term and lasting. [19]
On March 23, 2022, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that NATO will significantly increase the number of combat forces deployed on its eastern flank, while reiterating that Ukraine's membership of NATO is "not on the agenda." Stoltenberg told a news conference that he hopes members will agree to strengthen NATO in all areas - land, sea and air. NATO plans to deploy four new combat clusters in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. Together with existing forces deployed in the Baltic states and Poland, NATO will have eight multinational combat clusters on its eastern flank, from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Stoltenberg said that NATO currently has hundreds of thousands of troops at a high level of combat readiness, mainly deployed on NATO's eastern flank.
On March 24, 2022, NATO held a special summit to discuss the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. [20]
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) announced on May 5, 2022 that it will hold an informal foreign ministers' meeting in Berlin, Germany, from May 14 to 15, which will be chaired by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. [34]
On June 29-30, 2022, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Summit will be held in Madrid, Spain. In addition to 30 NATO member states, the NATO summit will also be invited Korea , Japan , Australia , NZ Wait for countries to participate. [54]

Military deployment

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EDITOR

Combat troops

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg (C) attends a news conference after the extraordinary NATO Summit at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, March 24, 2022. NATO heads of state met in Brussels, and in a statement issued after the meeting, they said the alliance would be present Bulgaria , Hungary , Romania and Slovakia Four additional combat troops will be deployed. Thus, on NATO's eastern flank, from the Baltic to the Black Sea, will There are a total of eight NATO combat troops . [21]

Military base

On March 4, 2024, Albania officially opened the Kuchova Air Base, making it the modern center of NATO's future air operations. The base is located in the Bera District, 80 km south of Tirana, on the site of an old military airfield (named Stalin Airport between 1950 and 1990) in the city of Kuchova. Renovation began in 2019. This is NATO's largest project in Albania, and NATO has provided 50 million euros for the modernization of the base. The base is expected to serve Albania and guarantee NATO logistical support, air operations and military exercises. [108]

Military action

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Bombing the embassy

In 1999, at 11:45 PM Belgrade time on May 7 (5:45 am Beijing time on May 8), NATO led by the United States blatantly bombed the Chinese Embassy in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Xinhua News Agency journalist Shao Yunhuan , Guangming Daily journalist Xu Xinghu and Zhu Ying Killed on the spot, dozens injured.

Kosovo War

On June 14, 1998, NATO Secretary General Javier Solana said that NATO would use military means if the international peace mission to resolve the Kosovo issue was thwarted.
On 13 October 1998, NATO issued an "operational order" to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for a phased limited air strike. NATO Secretary General Javier Solana said the implication was that the 16-nation alliance had handed over the decision to take military action in the South to NATO's European Allied commander.
On December 1, 1998, the Upper House of the Dutch Parliament ratified the NATO Enlargement Protocol. So far, since Canada After the first ratification of the Protocol on February 4, 1998, the legislative bodies of the 16 NATO countries have completed the legal procedures for admitting Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic to the treaty.
On December 8-9, 1998, the NATO Foreign Ministers' Autumn Council met Brussels Held, mainly to discuss the new NATO strategy. The United States stressed that in the face of the threat of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, regional and ethnic conflicts, the new NATO strategy should include the "defense of common interests" in addition to the principle of collective defense. NATO foreign military intervention as long as it is consistent United Nations charter Don't have to United Nations Security Council Authorize. Western European countries such as France believe that the interpretation of "common interests" is too flexible, emphasizing that "outside the area" intervention cannot be unlimited, and NATO's foreign intervention should not bypass the UN Security Council. German Foreign Minister Fischer once again expressed hope that NATO will gradually change its nuclear deterrence strategy and make a commitment to no first use of nuclear weapons. Canada, Denmark and Norway supported the German proposal, but the United States, France and Britain firmly opposed it. At the same time, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Committee held a meeting of Foreign Ministers and adopted an action plan for the period 1998-2000. Rotating presidency of the EU Austrian Foreign Minister Wolfgang Schussel held the first EU-NATO meeting with NATO Secretary General Javier Solana. March 12, 1999, NATO in the United States Missouri Held a ceremony to officially admit Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic Join the EU. The three countries said that they joined NATO to seek security guarantees to enable them to achieve the goal of "returning to Europe." United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright He welcomed the accession of the three countries to the treaty and said that this will not be the last batch, because NATO's eastward expansion is not an event, but a process.
From March 24 to June 10, 1999, NATO held a military mission United Nations Security Council Under delegated authority, yes Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Massive air strikes were carried out. In addition to America , Canada In addition, all 13 Western European Allies participated, except Greece, which did not advocate the use of force because of its own interests. Britain , France , Germany , Italy , Netherlands , Spain , Belgium , Denmark , Norse , Portugal Ten nations directly involved in the war, Iceland , Luxembourg There is no air force, but it is supported by funding or providing airports, Austria , Switzerland , Sweden Other traditionally neutral countries have also expressed support for the NATO mission. The President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin issued a statement strongly condemning the NATO air attack on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, accusing it of being an open act of aggression, and decided to immediately freeze relations with NATO, recall the Russian military representative to NATO, and suspend participation in NATO's "Partnership for Peace program."
On April 21, 1999, Czech Republic Bulgaria, Slovakia and Hungary have decided to open their airspace, land and water routes to NATO forces conducting military operations against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On the 22nd, Romania announced that it would open its airspace to NATO.
At 11:45 PM Belgrade time on May 7, 1999 (5:45 am Beijing time on the 8th), NATO led by the United States blatantly bombed the Chinese Embassy in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Xinhua News Agency reporter Shao Yunhuan "Guangming Daily" reporter Xu Xinghu and Zhu Ying Killed on the spot, dozens injured. On the same day, China's ambassador to the United Nations Qin Huasun China strongly condemns the barbaric act of the US-led NATO bombing of our embassy in violation of the UN Charter, and demands that the Security Council immediately convene an emergency meeting to discuss the matter. On the same day, NATO Secretary General Solana issued a statement saying that the NATO missile attack on the Chinese embassy in South Korea was an accident, and NATO will investigate this catastrophic mistake. NATO apologized deeply to the families of the victims and to the Chinese government, but NATO would not stop bombing Yugoslavia unless it agreed to NATO's conditions for stopping bombing.
On May 9, 1999, the Chinese government issued a solemn statement, strongly protesting NATO's bombing of our embassy in Yugoslavia, pointing out that this act of NATO was a gross violation of China's sovereignty Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and Basic norms governing international relations NATO, led by the United States, must take full responsibility for this.
On 9 June 1999, NATO and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed an agreement on the withdrawal of Federal forces from Kosovo. 10, NATO Secretary General Solana announced in Brussels, as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has begun to withdraw troops from Kosovo, NATO suspended the bombing of the South.
On the 20th, Solana issued a statement saying that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia troops and police had all withdrawn Kosovo NATO decided to officially stop bombing the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
On December 2, 1999, NATO held a meeting of its Defense Planning Committee and Nuclear Program Group, and issued a communique stating that NATO's nuclear forces would continue to serve in the "defense of peace, prevention of power and all forms of war." The meeting called on Russia to approve the second phase of restrictions Strategic nuclear weapons The treaty and the start of the third phase of negotiations.
On December 15, 1999, NATO held its autumn Council of Foreign Ministers at its headquarters in Brussels. Deputy Secretary of State James Talbot attended the meeting in place of Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. The conference mainly discussed European security and Western Europe's defense characteristics, American theater missile defense system Kosovo, the situation in Chechnya and other issues. NATO welcomed the decision taken by the EU at the Helsinki Summit to form a European Rapid Reaction Force, but stressed that the EU joint defense plan should not run counter to NATO, but should promote transatlantic relations, requiring the EU to support the six non-EU members of NATO Türkiye , Norse , Iceland , Poland , Hungary and Czech Republic No discrimination.

War in Afghanistan

In August 2003, NATO moved in Afghanistan It started its first operation outside of Europe, with NATO involved Iraq The military police training work.

War in Libya

Libya
On March 19, 2011, French warplanes opened fire on Libyan ground military targets.
The French nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle leaves Toulon, France, March 20, 2011 Naval base To take part in military action against Libya.
On March 22, 2011, NATO imposed an arms embargo on Libya.
On 23 March 2011, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France reached an agreement to transfer military command of the Libya operation to NATO, while participating countries (including Arab country To form a single coalition responsible for directing the action politically.
On 27 March 2011, NATO decided to take over United Nations Security Council The resolution authorizes all targeting Libya The military action.

Russia-ukraine conflict in 2022

On February 25, 2022, the leaders of the member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held an emergency meeting on the situation in Ukraine Jens Stoltenberg It was announced after the meeting that NATO was deploying its rapid Reaction Force to respond quickly if needed. Stoltenberg said that NATO members decided on the 24th to launch the defense plan, according to which the NATO rapid reaction Force part of the land, sea and air forces, but he did not explain where these forces will be deployed. The DPA news agency reported that ground troops could be sent to Romania. Stoltenberg also said that part of NATO's Rapid Reaction Force will be sent to Norway for exercises, which is the first time NATO has deployed the force across the alliance for "deterrence" and "defense" purposes. [14]
On March 16, 2022, defense ministers from NATO member states will meet at NATO headquarters, where they will develop new plans to deter Russia, including additional troops and missile defense systems in Eastern Europe. [17]
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg [25]
On April 9, 2022, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg revealed in an interview with the British "Sunday Telegraph" that NATO's military commanders are being formulated Plans for a permanent military presence on NATO's eastern border . He noted that there are now 40,000 troops on NATO's eastern border, almost 10 times as many as there were before Russia began its military operation in Ukraine. [25]
Chairman of the Committee for Safeguarding State Sovereignty of the Federation Council of Russia, 15 April 2022 Andrei Klimov Means, Among those captured by Russian forces were soldiers from NATO countries . Russia will "let the whole world see what really happened" at his trial. There was no immediate response from NATO. [26]
In an interview with German newspaper Welt am Sonntag on November 27, 2022, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said the West's military and financial support for Kiev ended up costing their societies dearly. [76]

Relevant mechanism

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Partnership for Peace Program

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Partnership for Peace Program At the suggestion of the United States, it was adopted at the NATO Brussels Summit in January 1994. The main elements of the Partnership for Peace Programme include:
I. Before the formal invitation of NATO Warsaw Pact The participation of the State and neutral European countries in the "Partnership for Peace Program" for cooperation and political consultations in military exercises, peacekeeping, crisis control, etc.;
Partner countries may send liaison officers to NATO headquarters;
Third, partners must recognize Western democratic and human rights standards and respect existing borders.
Partnership for Peace Program It is the earliest partnership mechanism established by NATO and the most core component of its partnership network. There are 18 partner countries: Ireland , Austria , Malta , Switzerland , Serbia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Russia , Belarus , Ukraine , Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Moldova , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan .

Euro-atlantic Partnership Council

It was formed by merging the mechanisms of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council and the Partnership for Peace Program. At present, the Council has 50 member states, including 32 NATO member states and 18 European and Eurasian partner countries (the "Partnership for Peace" countries).

Mediterranean dialogue

The Mediterranean Dialogue is the main dialogue and cooperation mechanism between NATO and the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and there are currently seven interlocutors: Egypt , Israel , Morocco , Tunisia , Mauritania , Jordan , Algeria . The scope of cooperation covers military, civil emergency response, crisis management, border security, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, combating the smuggling of light weapons and public diplomacy.

Istanbul Cooperation Initiative

The main target countries are the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries, but it is also open to other countries in the pan-Middle East region. At present, the total Bahrain , Kuwait , Qatar , The United Arab Emirates Four countries joined, Saudi Arabia , Oman Not yet joined. The scope and modalities of cooperation are basically similar to those of the Mediterranean Dialogue.

Global partners

include Japan , Korea , Australia , NZ , Pakistan , Afghanistan , Iraq , Mongolia , Colombia Nine countries. Cooperation between NATO and "global partners" is currently focused on non-traditional security areas, including counter-terrorism, peacekeeping, counter-piracy, non-proliferation, cyber security, and climate change. Following the NATO Madrid Summit in June 2022, NATO invited again Japan , Korea , Australia , NZ Leaders attend the North Atlantic Vilnius Summit in July 2023. NATO renamed the four countries from the "Asia-Pacific four partners" to the "Indo-Pacific Four partners", upgraded their positioning to a "tailored partnership", and carried out cooperation covering military industry, intelligence, network, space, information, climate change and other fields for each country. In June 2023, Japan participated as the only non-member of NATO's "Air Guardian 2023" large-scale air exercise. South Korea and Japan have also joined NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence And conducted cyber offensive and defensive exercises with NATO.

Major international events

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Break off cooperation with Russia

On 1 April 2014, NATO announced a temporary suspension of the alliance Russia The normal cooperation relationship.
At a NATO foreign ministers' meeting attended by Ukraine's acting foreign minister, NATO and Ukraine issued a joint statement. The joint statement said NATO decided to suspend all civilian and military cooperation with Russia and continue exchanges only at the level of the NATO-Russia Council to defuse the crisis in Ukraine.
NATO and Ukraine also said in a joint statement that the two sides need to strengthen cooperation, and NATO will assist Ukraine Reform the defense system. The two sides also said that they do not recognize the legitimacy of Crimea's accession to Russia and still hope to solve the current territorial issue of Ukraine through political and diplomatic channels.
Announced that it would not send troops into eastern Ukraine
On 11 September 2015, NATO's Deputy Secretary General for political issues and security Policy stated that NATO does not plan to send troops to assist Ukrainian forces in the conflict zone in eastern Ukraine. [5]

The largest military exercise since 2002

While Russian air strikes in Syria have become the focus of the United States and the West, the game between NATO and Russia over Ukraine has not diminished any. On October 4, 2015, NATO countries will begin their largest military exercises since 2002 in Italy, Spain and Portugal. The exercise will raise the level of readiness of troops against the backdrop of the crisis in Ukraine. [6]
"Trident Junction" military exercise
The exercise, known as Trident Junction, will run from October 3 to November 6, 2015, involving personnel from more than 30 countries, more than 36,000 troops will be involved in the exercise Italy , Spain , Portugal , Canada , Norse , Germany , Belgium and Netherlands The armies of other countries. In addition, the exercise will be held Atlantic and Mediterranean Take action. [6]
A suicide bomber has attacked a military convoy in Afghanistan
A suicide bomb attack occurred in the center of Kabul, the Afghan capital, on the morning of October 11, 2015, and a NATO military train was attacked, one of which was blown up, and the casualties were unknown. [7]

The United States seeks to cut spending on NATO

In November 2019, according to U.S. defense officials and NATO diplomats, the Trump administration has moved to significantly reduce spending on NATO, and the reduction will be borne by NATO members [8] .

70th anniversary summit

On December 3, 2019, in London, Britain, the Queen of Britain and members of the Royal family hosted the 70th anniversary summit of NATO, a total of 29 heads of state of member states gathered at Buckingham Palace. [9]

2022 Joint military exercise

From January 24 to February 4, 2022, 28 NATO countries led by the United States held a joint military exercise code-named "Neptune Strike 22" in the Adriatic Sea, a total of two aircraft carrier operation groups participated in the military exercise, including the United States" Truman "aircraft carrier operation group, and the Italian" Cavour "aircraft carrier operation group. In total, there are 15 warships and more than 90 aircraft of various types.
The two carrier groups practiced joint maneuvers and the ability to launch simultaneous attacks.
It is worth noting that in the exercise, the United States "Truman" aircraft carrier operation group under the unified command of NATO command, which is the first time after the Cold War. [10]
Noble Partner 2022 military exercise
On August 23, 2022, the Ministry of Defense of Georgia announced that from Azerbaijan , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Estonia , Germany , Britain , Greece , Hungary , Republic of Lithuania , Moldova , Norse , Poland , Romania , Slovakia and Türkiye More than 2,400 soldiers will take part in the US-led Noble Partner 2022 military exercise in Georgia this year. Be from Japan and Sweden For the first time, military personnel will take part in the exercise. [70]

2024 Joint military exercise

Commander in Chief, NATO Europe, 18 January 2024 Christopher Cavalli It announced that NATO will hold the "Steadfast Defender 2024" military exercise from next week until May, which is "NATO's largest military exercise in decades." [99]
On January 24, 2024, NATO's transatlantic Resolute Defender 2024 military exercise was officially launched. The exercise will last until May 31. [100]
On February 21, 2024, local time, NATO held a military exercise called "Brilliant Jump 2024", which was carried out in the Dravsko region of northern Poland. [106]

Military expenditure development

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On March 31, 2022, NATO's 2021 Annual Report was released in Brussels. NATO members excluding the United States increased their military spending by 3.1 percent in 2021, the seventh consecutive year of growth, and a net increase of $270 billion compared to 2014. According to the decision of the special NATO summit held on the 24th of this month, the military expenditure of each member country will continue to increase in the future. [23]
In July 2023, Russian media reported that the defense spending of NATO countries would reach $1.3 trillion in 2023, up from $1.2 trillion in 2022. [94]

Latest news

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EDITOR
April 6, 2022," Indian Express The website published the general secretary of the Communist Party of India Doraisamy Raja NATO is a Threat to World Peace and must be dissolved. [24]
On April 19, 2022, the leaders of the G7, the EU and NATO held a video conference on the situation in Ukraine and agreed that Russia and Ukraine should achieve a ceasefire as soon as possible. [27]
NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said on April 28, 2022 that Finland and Sweden would be able to quickly join NATO if they decide to apply for membership. [31]
On May 5, 2022 local time, According to Yonhap South Korea has officially joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence (CCDCOE), becoming the first Asian country to do so, the National Intelligence Service said.
In May 2022, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that when Sweden submitted an application to join NATO and NATO began to deal with relevant matters, NATO would increase its presence on the Swedish border and in the Baltic Sea region to ensure Sweden's security Whole. [35]
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) announced on May 5, 2022 that it will hold an informal foreign ministers' meeting in Berlin, Germany, from May 14 to 15, which will be chaired by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. [34]
According to CCTV news, on May 9, 2022 local time, Tobias Boding, secretary general of the Swedish ruling Social Democratic Party, confirmed that the party will make a final statement on whether to join NATO on May 15. [36]
In May 2022, Finnish President Sauli Niinisto and Prime Minister Sanna Marin will announce whether the country will join NATO on May 12, 2022. The Finnish president's office said on the same day that President Niinisto and Prime Minister Marin will issue a joint statement on this at 10 am local time.
At 10 a.m. local time on May 12, 2022, Finnish President Sauli Niinisto and Prime Minister Sanna Marin issued a joint statement formally announcing their support for Finland's application to join NATO. [37]
On May 14-15, 2022 local time, NATO foreign ministers held an informal meeting in Berlin, Germany, focusing on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Swedish Foreign Minister Lindh and Finnish Foreign Minister Havisto will also attend the meeting. [38]
On May 15, 2022, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu, attending a NATO foreign ministers' meeting in Berlin, said that Sweden and Finland must stop supporting the "terrorist organization" of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in the country when seeking to join NATO, provide clear security guarantees and lift export bans on Turkey. [41]
On May 14-15, 2022, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held a closed-door foreign ministers' meeting in Berlin, Germany, to discuss, among other issues, the accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO. Russia has warned it will reinforce its border. [43]
In May 2022, Sweden's ruling Social Democrats formally decided to support Sweden's membership of NATO, a historic decision that paves the way for Sweden to apply for NATO membership in the coming days along with neighboring Finland.
On May 17, 2022 local time, according to Swedish television, Swedish Foreign Minister Lindh officially signed the country's application to join NATO. [47]
On May 18, 2022, local time, Finnish Broadcasting Company reported that Finnish NATO Ambassador Klaus Korhonen and Swedish NATO Ambassador Axel Weinhofer submitted the application letter for the two countries to join NATO to NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at NATO headquarters in Brussels at 8 o 'clock local time on the 18th. [51]
On July 1, 2022, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Grushko said that NATO's declaration that it considers Russia the biggest threat is a full-scale confrontation against Russia. The outcome of the NATO Madrid summit shows that NATO has returned to the military security guarantee model of the Cold War era. The accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO will lead to the deterioration of the military situation in the Baltic Sea region, which will be "one of the most tragic events" in the development of European security. If Finland and Sweden join NATO, Russia will take appropriate measures to ensure their security. [58]
On July 5, 2022 local time, the Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau Canada has become the first country to ratify NATO membership for Finland and Sweden. [63]
On July 12, 2022, Ukrainian Defense Minister Alexei Reznikov said that Ukraine has become an associate member of the Multilateral Interoperability Program (MIP), which implements technical cooperation between the militaries of NATO member states. [64]
In 2022, in response to the US-led NATO, 15 tons of depleted uranium bombs were dropped on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999. Directness is responsible for the sharp rise in cancer rates in Serbia today. More than 3,000 victims of depleted uranium bombs have joined the lawsuit against NATO. [66]
On July 27, 2022, the NATO Defense College, a NATO think tank, released a report saying that Russia may be reserving its air power for future attacks on NATO countries. The British Daily Express directly reported on the report, "NATO issued a terror warning," and interpreted the relevant content as "Putin may be amassing air power for attacks on European countries." [67]
On August 14, 2022, according to TASS Paris, French President Emmanuel Macron signed the protocol on the accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO on the 13th local time.
On September 30, 2022, Ukraine signed an application to join NATO [72] .
In March 2023, the Hungarian Parliament voted to block Sweden and Finland from joining NATO. [78] Turkey's NTV television reported on March 23 local time that the foreign affairs committee of the Turkish Grand National Assembly passed the bill agreeing to Finland's accession to NATO on the same day. According to the protocol, the bill will also be submitted to the Grand National Assembly for consideration, and once passed, it will mean that Turkey has officially approved Finland's accession to NATO. [81]
On April 4, 2023, at the NATO foreign Ministers' meeting held at the NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, Finland officially joined NATO as its 31st full member. [89]
On June 15, 2023 local time, the two-day NATO Defense Ministers' meeting was held in Brussels. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said ahead of the meeting that the meeting will focus on how to maintain and strengthen support for Ukraine, further strengthen NATO deterrence and defense, and prepare for the NATO summit in Vilnius in July. Other topics of the meeting include the development of a new defense production action plan and the establishment of a NATO Maritime Center for the security of critical undersea infrastructure. [92]
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