Commander nine steps army patrol five battalion commander

In the Qing Dynasty, the garrison, guard and public security organs of the Capital Division were called "Commander nine men walking army patrol five battalions commanding Yamen". ^[2] Commonly known as "Bujun command yamen". The chief officer is referred to as the "Bu Army commander", commonly known as the "nine gate prefect" (there are nine city gates in the inner city of the capital, respectively: Zhengyang, Chongwen , Xuanwu County Chaoyang, East straight, Fucheng, West straight, Desheng, Anding). The nine governors were in charge of Manchuria, Mongolia, The Eight Banners of the Han Army Infantry and Capital Division Green camp The horse infantry (i.e. Police battalion The specific task of the department is to guard the flood (" flood "refers to the grassroots Army establishment ), inspect the city gates, arrest the thieves, request the prohibition of night patrol, etc. The Bujun leadership was founded in the early Qing Dynasty and has undergone several changes since then. Originally only under the command of the infantry battalions of the eight banners, in the thirteenth year of Kangxi (1674), it began to command the affairs of the nine gates of the capital (originally managed by the military Department), and in the thirtieth year of Kangxi (1691), it also oversaw the affairs of the three battalions of patrol. Official title The full name was changed to "Commander of the three battalions of the Nine Men Marching Army Patrol". In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), the official office was named "Bujun Command Yamen", and in the twelfth year (1734), in Xuanwumen Within the Gyeonggi-do Formally established Government office He moved to North City nine years later MAO Er hutong Also known as" Beiyamen (The Criminal Department, which is also responsible for the trial, is located Nancheng Called "South Yamen"). In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong (1781), the patrol added two battalions on the left and right, becoming five battalions in the middle, South, North, left and right, so the chief officer of the Yamen changed his name to "Commander of the five battalions of the Nine Men Bu Army Patrol". Jiaqing four years (1799) reform Official rank for First rank .

In 1900, Eight-nation allied forces Invade Beijing, set up a public security office, maintain public order. The last commander of the Eight Allied armies before they entered Beijing was Empress Dowager Cixi The queen Mother's cronies are rich and prosperous. The year 1901 Qing Court Following the pattern of the Allied forces, the "rehabilitation association patrol battalion" was set up, which was later renamed "Patrol General Department" to replace the patrol battalion under the command of the former infantry army. In 1902, Prince Su Zainji He led the army and supported the reform of separating the military and police. The Qing Court was formally established in 1905 Police patrol department And set up a modern police school to train police talents. Since then, the military police establishment was separated and the modern police system was initially established.

In 1911, after the Revolution of 1911, in order to maintain its political rule, the Beiyang regime not only did not abolish the "Bujun Command Yamen", but maintained it, only renamed it the "Bujun Command Yamen of the Beijing Division", and administered the general army of the left and right. With this as a tool, he interfered in the social security of the capital and restrained the police to handle cases, which became a very special "yamen" in the early Republic of China. In 1924, Feng Yuxiang The last emperor, Pu Yi, was driven out of Beijing The Forbidden City . On October 5 of the same year, this special yamen was abolished.

Bujun command yamen because of the "military" and "police" attributes, its characteristics are:

Army Attributes: Attached to the Ministry of War; Qing Dynasty's Legion The eight Banners , Green camp The establishment is the same; The source of troops is the eight flags, the green camp soldiers; Conduct military training in accordance with the rules of the Qing Army.

Police functions: Armed guards; Investigation and arrest; Litigation and judgment; Carried out on the population of the capital Social management ; Fire fighting and other tasks In addition, the military command Yamen also undertook some other "police" work. Such as the streets at the time of the ban Cordon off The "clear way" and "welcome" of officials and royals when they go on Tours, Gun salute By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Bujun led the yamen and was even responsible for the inspection and management of foreigners coming to Beijing. In short, although the Bujun commanding the yamen is the "army", the duties and tasks in the capital are "police". The police business he engaged in can be said to basically cover the content of modern policing. Of course, the police business it is engaged in is relatively simple, but also relatively primitive, more lack of regulations and norms. It is the first police-like organ in modern China, especially the police in the capital area Police agency Step army command yamen for its wine.

Commander Jiumen was responsible for the security and public security of the Capital Division, and the troops under his command remained at about 30,000 people for a long time, and the personnel were capable and well-equipped.

From the perspective of organization, personnel and occupation, in addition to the headquarters of the Yamen, the step army has also set up eight flag step barracks, five patrol battalions, sixteen management agencies in the inner and outer cities and Baitashan letter gun management department.

Under the command of the marching army, there are left and right wings. Right wing general One person each with the infantry commander in the same room office; The eight Banners The infantry battalion had one lieutenant on the left and one lieutenant on the right (rank Principal three grades ). The Eight Banners Infantry Battalion was mainly stationed in the inner city.

Patrol five battalions distributed in Outer city And four suburbs. The middle battalion is stationed in Old Summer Palace One belt, by the deputy ( Secondary grade , subordinate to the general army) led by a member, the next division Five flood seasons (370 to 580 officers and soldiers per flood); Nanying Divided into the outer city and the southern suburbs, under the jurisdiction of six flood; The north camp is divided into the northern suburbs, the left camp is divided into the eastern suburbs, the right camp is divided into the western suburbs, and the above three camps have four seasons. The five battalions were arrested for a total of 23 flood seasons. The south, north, left and right four battalions have one participant and one guerrilla. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he added one general soldier each on the left and the right. General left wing Control the southern and left battalions, and the right wing general troops control the northern battalions. A surname Shunzhi ten years (1653), in Baita Mountain (now Beihai Qiongdao) set up five guns, if the capital occurs riots, enemy situation, fire, explosion, then with the gold medal "fired guns"; The inner nine also had five guns each. The white tower fired the gun, then the nine letter guns sounded. The capital garrison officers and soldiers heard the sound of gunfire, immediately Partitioned set Stand by. In the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), Xin Pao and its Management system Hand over the military command yamen. The capital has nine gates in the inner city and seven gates in the outer city, and officers and soldiers are stationed at each gate inside and outside, responsible for access control. Shunzhi early years, guard officer said Menqian Zong . In the thirteenth year of Kangxi (1674), it was set up again City Gate Officer , City Gate School . In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), Chengmenwei changed his name Gate collar ( Principal four grades ), City Gate school changed its name Gate official ( Principal seven grades ). There were nine gates in the inner city, and each gate had two leaders, two officials, and a thousand gates, two men. There were seven gates in the outer city, one for each gate, one for each gate official, and two for each gate thousand. ^[3]

Lonkodo

The Qing Dynasty nine door prefect

Lonkodo (AD? ~ 1728), Manchurian Xianghuang Banner, Tong Jia, Qing Shengzu Empress Xiao Yi Ren Brother, pepper room relatives also. Kangxi twenty-seven years (1688), grant First class bodyguard . For fifty years, he served as the commander of the Infantry Army (also known as the Nine Gate Commander). Fifty-nine years, promotion Rifanwon Shangshu . In sixty-one years, the Father died, and Roncodo was given a new king by the end of the Father Sejong I promise you and your son Yinsi, Grand maester Mazzi Wait, the prime minister's business, Sir, Sir Official official documents . Yongzheng first year (1723), plus Taibao, and collar ribana Things, and charge Records of a society The president of official documents, such as records, please Eye wing Four regiment dragon fill suit, can be described as a very man minister, exceptional grace. This is also the reason why the succession of Sejong was brought about by the internal help of Loncodo. However, since Yongzheng three years, Sejong first solved its step army leadership, and after the knot of the expert, all things deceive hidden crimes, so that the four groups of dragon to pay back, and not reuse the eyes; Then cut his title, order to the present Ningxia Such places to repair the city reclamation land, it can be said that the holy family great decline! Four years later, he decided to take bribes, so he could manage frontier affairs and discuss Russia Borders. The fifth year of Yongzheng, Jongrenfu To report the impeachment auxiliary Duke Abram to Jade ultimatum Wait, Roncordo, hiding in his house. Sejong was furious, and Longcodo was called back to the capital because he was a Lord, and then imprisoned forever with 41 major crimes. His son Yue Xing seized the official, jade pillar hair Heilongjiang. Roncordo made it up himself A person of great wisdom and wisdom And play" Baidi City The day of the order is the day of death." Later historians have confirmed the succession of Sejong Lonkodo To help the matter, cover such angry words, Shilong Kodo after Sejong broke the secret pact, sentimental birds to hide the lament also. Roncordo died in prison in June.

Tondo

The Qing Dynasty nine door prefect

Tondor (1704-1780), also Toendor , Sun Jia's, Zi Zhan Tang , Qianlong An important official of the court, Nian Gengyao Wife's family Coated, Qianlong 24 years, carried in Inlaid with a red flag Manchuria. Dry twenty-two, Emperor southern tour promoted the governor of Jiangsu; On the 27th day, Governor of Guangdong and Governors of Guangdong and Guangxi ;  dry twenty-nine, replace Arigon The Ministry of War in feudal China A surname; Dry thirty, take over from Fu Sen as official officials; Dry thirty-two, By the banquet to speak official , Minister of state , Official official documents Temporary concurrent military affairs, Positive yellow flag Manchuria All in charge Acting in charge of the affairs of the Han army under Xianghuang Banner; Dry thirty-three, plus Prince Taibao , Governor of the Nine Gates, Imperial Concubine Shu Jia brother Gold slip Participate in impeach, leather, Furong an; Dry thirty-four, signed Zuo Du imperial history , award Xiling chief Minister of internal affairs Penalty guard imperial mausoleum; Qianlong 45, the death, the Qing history.

Jiang Linzhao

The Qing Dynasty nine door prefect

Jiang Linzhao (1824-1869), Han nationality, styled Puzhai, styled Yuheng. Shandong (Province) province Qingyun county Jiang Huangqiu Village The man. Always have great ambition, friendship, courage, unswerving. A young man who is a martial arts student is good at riding and shooting. Xianfeng two winter army. His brigade was famous in the Qing Dynasty Jiangbei Camp Stationed in Yangzhou. For meritorious service to the Taiping Army sum . And then because of the work to make up Chaoyang camp thousand total, appreciate five blue wing. Xianfeng three years, but the enemy meritorious, promoted the old state camp, and then for the defense. Xianfeng four years, attack Kwa Chau . At that time, all the Jiangnan armies, especially Zeng Guofan's Hunan Army Many brave and brave to fight, and the Union commanders, Qi Shan, Tomin, Tokhinga There is no general strategy, and time is light. In the meantime, Tomin Ah had fled the night of battle, and the provisional command department although brave to work hard and ineffective, but the reputation of the crown. Then, Dexing A continued to lead the northern army, with the Linzhao Department as the vanguard, conquered Guazhou. And then for the Taiping army to break its pay road, stick to the city of Guazhou more than a month, until there is no food in the army, kill the horse and eat, and the arrival of calm, make the army stable. Take advantage of the cloudy and rainy night, so that the north corner of the city to blow the horn feint The Taiping Army However, in light of the army from the east gate out of the siege. Xianfeng seven years, and conquered Guazhou. Xianfeng praise its courage and good, promoted to Yanzhou town guerrilla camp, reward plume . Xianfeng eight years, attack Jiangpu Win, grant Yanzhou town Zuo Ying Guerrilla. Xianfeng nine years attack Liuhe, due to the defeat of Taiping army reinforcements, and make up the Dezhou battalion. Then conquer the Sangdao Bridge, Lingtang And annihilated Xue Chengliang's department. He was made lieutenant general. In April of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, he fought in Jiangwan, won a great victory, and awarded the Guangxi Yining Association deputy general and general rank. Tongzhi In the first year (1862), he fought in the south of the river, and was not successful in the battle, especially in the southwest gate of Yangzhou, where his achievements were the most prominent, so he was able to add the title of commander in chief. Tongzhi three years, conquered Danyang . Tongzhi Emperor rewarded a group of distinguished senior generals, including Zeng Guoquan and Jiang Linzhao. Chiang Kai-shek's presence and health Batulu ( Manchu language , War hero Award the gold medal. At that time, Jiang Linzhao and Zeng Guoquan have eight deep friendship. ( Zeng Guoquan for Zeng Guofan Nine brother) Tongzhi four years, supplement Tianjin town commander, Kai retreat north, his Majesty saw the emperor, ordered to take Camp of Divine Machinery And to the South. Then he withdrew and served as general soldier of Tianjin Town. Add the governor's name. when twister When he entered Shaanxi, he also made up the general army of Taiyuan Town, Shanxi Province, because of the effective defense and suppression, he still took the name of the commander. (The name of the governor, like a member of the military commission,) Emperor Qing again granted it as General Wuxian Later, he was awarded the title General Zhenwei . And reward three generations of a seal. His former residence, built Chaoyangmen nine men courtyard, called nine men superintendent. Qin gave the house plaque, Engrave Two dragons play with pearls . Named" Governor's mansion ". There are two great houses on the right and the left Stone lion The left is the silent stone lion, the right is the open stone lion, and the mouth contains stone eggs. In front of the house, there are about seven or eight acres of school military field (also known as reading military field) in the north and west of the house, which are surrounded by earthwork for servants and security personnel. The house is armed with everything stable And drink the groom's residence. The building of the mansion is magnificent, and the rumbling sound when you enter the mansion makes you feel solemn. He returned home after six years of treatment. The main diseases are Gunshot wound One wound to the thigh, one wound to the lock Daughter bone , illness due to injury. After recovering from the illness, he was ordered to handle military affairs in Direct East and Tianjin. After the work, and asked for the final care, has not yet returned home, the old disease relapsed, died in the office. It was November 11, the eighth year of Tongzhi, and he died at the age of forty-five.