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Hungarian (Hungarian: magyarok,
English
:
Hungarian
Hungarian pronunciation: Magyar), yes
Hungary
the
Main nationality
, also distributed in
Romania
,
Poland
,
Czech Republic
and
Ukraine
A few live in
America
,
Canada
,
Brazil
with
Australia
Let's wait. Ethnic origin
Siberia
Southwest Bashkir, native language
Hungarian
, belong to
The Uralic family
Finno-ugric language family
Most believe in
Catholicism
Is cognate with their ethnic origin
Muncie
.
- Chinese name
- Hungarians
- Foreign name
-
Hungarians
magyarok - alias
- The Magyars
- Ethnic origin
- Siberia - Bashkir
- Have faith in
- Catholicism
- species
- Hungarian
- distribution
- Hungary , Romania , Poland , Czech Republic Etc.
catalogue
Hungarians
An anonymous man in Persia
geographer
And Galdizi proposed that there were two Magyar tribes, one of which was still staying
The Ural Mountains
Muncie. The other one just left
The Ural Mountains
The Magyars headed for Southern Russia.
The early Magyars were
nomad
Hit the middle of"
Minority nationality
"Because
Eurasia
Many of the nomads exercised
Indo-european languages
and
Turkic
There are very few Ugric speakers like them. Magyars and Turks, Mongols, Scythians did not have much
Blood relation
For generations, they lived in the low southern Ural Mountains
Hilly area
And some live in
Eurasia
The very cold northern end, unlike modern Finns,
Estonians
It's a close relative.
For example, the Huns who appeared in the eastern region of the Black Sea at the end of the 4th century were once widely suspected by historians that they were descendants of the Huns who had been defeated by the Han Dynasty and moved west, but after a series of theories and archaeological excavations, the Huns and the Huns were not directly related, they were more like the earliest group of Ugols who moved south, that is, the Huns
not
The ancestors of the Magyars.
The steppes of Eurasia gave birth to many brave and skillful nomads
Politically, the Magyar royal family has always been considered to be descended from foreign nomad nobility, the earliest mention of Magyar origin in the 9th century AD
Eastern Roman Empire
historian
Constantine Poferogirites spoke of the entry of a foreign tribe, the Kabal
Central Europe
. The royal family of the Magyars, i.e
The Grand Duke of Alpad
Believed to have been sent by the Khazarians. A Khazarian tribal leader, in his capacity as Magyar suzerain, appointed a young nobleman named Arpad as the Magyar Grand duke, and after living in Pannonia, the Magyars remained Khazarian subjects. Later in southern Russia, the Magyars were attacked by the Pechenegs
The Carpathian Mountains
Ten tribes went there, the original name being "on ogur", which means ten arrows and ten Ouigour (seven Magyars and three Khazarian tribes).
The Carpathian Basin
Three sides
Be surrounded by mountains
To the west is the Danube River
The plains of Pannonia
The water and grass here are abundant, the geographical location is safe, there is no other powerful nomadic people around to compete with the grazing land, so the Magyar people decided to take root here to develop their business. Environment is destiny, and the future course of Magyar history will largely depend on the geography of the Carpathian Basin
Humanistic environment
.
From the steppes of southern Russia to
Central Europe
hinterland
The Carpathian Basin
It means moving from barbarism to semi-civilization and semi-barbarism. The Carpathian Basin from
Roman Empire
From the beginning, it was a bridge where Romans and barbarians fought each other, and it still was when the Magyars came into town
The Byzantine Empire
The front line against the barbarians in the north. The interweaving of civilization and barbarism is the biggest characteristic of this region, where different forces play each other, and the result is often wrong
Balkan
, Italy and Central Europe
Political pattern
Make a decisive impact. As a result, the Magyars are no longer the humble nomadic barbarians who lived on the fringes of Europe, but are now thrust into the foreground of history.
The Magyars, who have taken root in the new region, look around and find themselves at a great time in history, because the neighbors around them are either divided and divided, or weak, and each one can be pinched
Soft persimmon
. This is the greatest gift God has ever given the Magyars.
In the south,
Danube
The Byzantine empire on the other side has long since forgotten the glory of the time of Justinian the Great. After the rise of the Arabs, raids by the Avars, invasions by the Slavs, attacks by the Lombards, and repeated harassment by the Pechenegs, the medieval empire was a giant in a quagmire. The Byzantines were overwhelmed by a steady stream of barbarian tribes from the north, as well as aggressive Muslim forces and pirates from the east
Mediterranean
The empire has been on the brink of collapse several times, and it can no longer support it.
In the West,
Empire of Charlemagne
The division left the Germans too distracted by civil war. Ever since
Charlemagne
Within a generation of his death, the empire was in disarray. The emperor's descendants hated each other and fought each other, and were once unified
Frankish kingdom
One split into three.
East Frankish Kingdom
Although the surface is a whole, but the internal has been divided into several separate Dukes, the Dukes have different agendas, and the royal family. In addition, the East Frankish Kingdom was also in constant war with the Vikings in the north and the Slavs in the east, which seriously distracted its strategic attention, so they had to react negatively to the arrival of the Magyars.
In the southwest, Italy is fragmented
Lombardy
The duchy ruled, and there was no unity among the states. Since the 6th century
The Ostrogoth Kingdom
After the collapse, the Lombards began to take advantage of the influx into Italy, but this barbarian royal family was lacking
charisma
Unable to unite the tribes with their influence, the men broke up to divide up the land, before long disintegrating into a multitude of small states. This split lasted for centuries, and was still in disarray until the 10th century.
The Magyars, having grasped the situation around them, decided to take advantage of this troubled time full of opportunities, unprecedented opportunities were waiting, and their time had come.
The Magyars cannot wait to realize their ambitions. They first took by force the 200,000 Slavs living in the Carpathian basin and made them their slaves. It then continued westward into the plains of Pannonia, which offered access to the kingdom of East Frankish in the north and northern Italy in the south, and was far from its old rivals, the Pechenegs, making the rear more secure.
Beginning in the 10th century, the Magyars began to invade all surrounding areas on a large scale, with a frequency of almost every year. They are good on horseback, adept at riding arrows, their speed is unmatched, and they are especially good at using their ancestral weapon, the return of the horse arrow, in battle. The Magyars are extremely cautious both in battle and on the march, and they will hold first when they encounter an enemy
safe distance
, make use of
mobility
Fast encircled on both wings, the central army retreated, constantly exhausting the enemy's strength, constantly harassing the enemy with a heavy rain of arrows, and the pursuit of the enemy would soon be broken, demoralized, and become a target for the Magyars, and finally reaped under the cavalry charge.
The Magyars' mounted shooting tactics were effective against weak cavalry such as the Germans and Slavs. As long as they can fight on a wide battlefield, they have no advantage. As their victories increased and their knowledge of the enemy deepened, their appetite grew and their plunder became more brazen. Just 10 years later, their looting had reached thousands of miles north of their home
Germany
Area, almost collided head-on with the Vikings. Because of the elusive Magyar cavalry, which was difficult for their opponents to detect and intercept, and the chaos and division within the East Frankish Kingdom, all were unable to unite against the foreign enemy. To reduce the possibility of interception, the Magyars also tried to divide the army into multiple units and plunder it, as they wanted booty rather than a head-to-head battle.
The Magyars thus began to sweep across Western Europe with their unrivalled maneuverability on land. During the plunder of 924, they stormed in
Swaben
And Bavaria, across
Rhine
They ravaged Alsace and Lorraine, their first offensive west of the Rhine, showing that the Rhine was no longer too dangerous in Western Europe to hold them back. Two years later, they broke straight south into northern Italy
Pavia
After the city fled into
Alps
They followed the mountain trails west into Burgundy, plundered and then south-west into Spain, a staggering distance. It's from 954
Military action
Even more impressively, the Magyars once again swept across Bavaria and Swabia, in
Worms
Crossing the Rhine, ransacking the north
Gaul
He even marched south through Paris and back into Burgundy, eventually returning to his hometown of Pannonia along the Italian coast. That year they circled the Alps in one of the most successful raids they had ever made.
Until 955 AD, the Saxons
Otto the Great
In Bavaria
The Battle of Augsburg
They completely defeated and severely damaged them. They (including the West Slavs of Great Moravia, the true source of the Magyar lineage) settled in agriculture and, under St. Stephen I of Ishtevan, converted to Christianity and absorbed the advanced civilization of Western Europe, no longer posing a threat to the outside world.
Culturally, the Magyars are related to
East Asian cultural circle
Similar in some ways. For example, the way people are named in Hungary is
Surname precede
, last name, last identity, and surrounding
Indo-European
Quite the opposite, and
East Asia
Ethnic groups (Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Korean, etc.) are also listed in the order of first surname followed by first name. But that doesn't mean that Hungarians have anything to do with East Asians
substantiality
The connection, whether cultural or blood.
The Hungarians call themselves Magyars.
[1]
It is said that in 1235,
Bela IV
(Bela IV) ordered several priests to preach to the East, and they crossed
Volga
And found that there were parts of the wilderness where the language of the people was related
Hungary
The language is close. 19th century, Hungarian
linguist
They investigated and studied the languages spoken by the tribes in that area. The more common view is that the Hungarians are concentrated. Later, there are
Scientific data
It proves that Hungarians once lived in this area with other peoples. Due to the geographical characteristics of the region, Hungarians rely on farming for a living
Feudal society
. From about the middle of the 5th century onwards, the Hungarians were composed of seven local governments: Nek, Mezar (i.e., Magyar), Gutjolmatt, Tauryan, Jeno, Kell, and Cayce. The Magyars are the strongest, so Hungarians are also called Magyars. Legend
Tribal chief
In accordance with the Hungarian custom of blood alliance, elected the Hungarian leader Arpad as king.
[1]
According to archaeological research, in 896 AD, under the leadership of King Albad, about 500,000 Hungarians lived in an organized, low-sacrifice community
The Carpathian Basin
. The Hungarians lived there for a longer time, about four centuries. During this long migration, the Magyars remained in the territory of the Hungarians, and because of this, some historical accounts in the 9th and 10th centuries often refer to the Hungarians
Eastern Europe
The man.
[1]
The Carpathian Basin
Be a
Alluvial plain
. In the process of ethnic settlement, the ethnic groups have well maintained the main characteristics of their own nationality and language, which shows that Hungarians are the original inhabitants of the region. They are the same as the peoples of Europe, because
kindred
Relationships, not places
Geographical position
Made the Hungarians produce a huge
Cohesive force
. The seven groups of Hungarians include about 100 or so
Social organization
These groups should all be common. One notable feature that distinguishes Hungarians from other peoples in Europe is that most of the other peoples are Eastern European or
Western Europe
The Hungarian language is a European language and is influenced by the Hungarian language. Of course, Hungarians are not different in appearance, folk customs, tunes, etc. In addition, the Hungarians have long had a relatively fixed identity, unlike the other peoples who have settled here, who have either identified themselves as Hungarians or not. At the same time, the culture of the Hungarian people is to absorb many elements of the peoples who have settled here, such as Hungary and the culture of the Hungarian nation. For historical reasons, Hungary has Hungary
Cultural fusion
The characteristics of their later literature, art and music can be fully expressed. On account of
The Carpathian Basin
It effectively prevented incursions from the north, east, and southeast, but could not stop other peoples
Danube
Entry from the west and south. Hungary, therefore, is also subject to the dual constraints of Western and southern, or rather Western and Eastern powers, which obliges the country to join a bloc for its own benefit. In fact, the Hungarian language, unique appearance, and culture made them fundamentally different from the non-Hungarian Western Europeans who settled here at the same time.
[1]
Hungarians are surrounded by different ethnic groups of non-Hungarian Western Europeans and Romanians, and there is a constant mixture of physical types and cultural influences.
There were two main influences: the influence of the Hungarians, who conquered and occupied the country in the 16th and 17th centuries; The first is the successor, Hungary
The House of Habsburg
The strong influence of Hungarianization. Hungary became self-governing in 1867 and independent in 1918. During those years, they kept the original art, music and literature, but embroidery and pottery and the like
Folk art
It is still important today. Hungary
World War II
Since then, no announcement has been made about
Religious belief
The statistics of... But about 65 percent were before the war
Catholic
25% are Christian
Protestantism
An apprentice.
