民族英雄（仁人志士）

National heroes are divided into two types, narrow and broad. In general, people tend to interpret them as narrow national heroes.

In the narrow sense, a national hero is a person who has made outstanding contributions in the struggle against foreign nations' aggression and oppression, including those who are not afraid of violence and sacrifice in the struggle against foreign nations. The above definition is applicable to any nation and is not limited by geography or historical time, success or failure, or size. Famous national heroes in Chinese history are: Wei Qing , Huo Qubing , Yue Fei , Wen Tianxiang , Yu Qian , Qi Jiguang , Zheng Chenggong , Lin Zexu , Zuo Zongtang , Deng Shichang , Wang Mingzhang , Li Linyu , Zhang Zizhong , Xie Jinyuan Let's wait.

National heroes in a broad sense are defined as those who have made outstanding contributions to the development and prosperity of their nation during periods of peace and change. from Kang Youwei , Liang Qichao the Reform and reform , He Ziyuan The education innovation, to Sun Yat-sen The democratic revolution, all flashing the glory of national heroes.

Another example is an invention that benefits or wins glory for the nation; A doctrine that has contributed to the world, and an actor who has won honor for his own nation, can be called a national hero. Such as the contemporary Chinese national hero Qian Xuesen , Deng Jiaxian Let's wait.

Look up the dictionary the word nation has the following meanings:

(1) refers to the community of various people formed in history and in different classes of social development;

(2) In particular, a community of people with the same language, common territory, common economic life and common psychological qualities expressed in a common culture;

National hero: a person who defends the independence, freedom and interests of his or her nation and performs incomparable heroism in the struggle against foreign aggression.

Guan Zhong , Qin Kai , Li Mu ;

Meng Tian , Li Guang , Wei Qing , Huo Qubing , Zhang Qian , Su Wu , Zhao Chongguo , Geng Gong , Old soup , Horse backing , Dou Gu , Dou Xian , Ban Chao , Zhang Liao ;

Zu Ti , Xie Xuan , Tantdo-je , Verri , Chen Qingzhi ;

Li Jing , Li Fu , Xue Rengui , Su Dingfang , Ganoderma lucidum , gurshuham , Guo Ziyi , Li Sheng ^{[12
]} , Li Guangbi , Zhang Renwish , Wang Zhongsi ; ^[1-2]

Yang Ye , Di Qing , Cao Wei , Li Jilong , The way of leading a master , Zunze , Li Gang , Yue Fei , Han Shizhong , Wu Jie , Liu Qi , Li Xianzhong , Yu Yunwen , Xin Qiji , Bi Zaiyu , Meng Gong , Yu Jie , Wang Jian , Zhang Jue , Wen Tianxiang , Lu Xiufu , Zhang Shijie , Chen Wenlong ^{[14, 15]} ;

Xu Da , Chang Yuchun , Feng Sheng , Fu Youde , Blue jade , Yu Qian , Hu Zongxian , Qi Jiguang , Yu Dayou , Tan Lun , Shen Yourong , Chen Lin , Deng Zilong , Li Chengliang , Li Rusong , Sun Chengzong , Yuan Keli , Xiong Tingbi , Yuan Chonghuan , Lu Xiangsheng , Shi Kefa , Yan Yingyuan , He Tengjiao , Chen Zilong , Xia Yunyi , Xia Wanchun , Zhang Huangyan , Li Dingguo , Zheng Chenggong , Ecliptic cycle ^[13] ;

sabusine , Sin Greenqin , Tho Son , Nagayama , Lin Zexu , Iktanga , Liu Yongfu , Liu Mingchuan , Ding Ruchang , Deng Shichang , Feng Zicai , Zuo Zongtang , Guan Tianpei , Ge Yunfei , Chen Kasei , Lee Soo Sung , Nie Shicheng , Zuo Precious , Ma Yukun , Liu Jintang , Yang Zengxin ;

Sun Yat-sen , Li Zongren , Fu Zuoyi , Wei Lihuang , Xue Yue , Zhao Dengyu , Sun Liren , Wang Yaowu , Dai Anlan , Du Yuming , Jie Zhenguo , Zhao Shangzhi , Li Linyu , Zhang Zizhong , Ma Zhanshan , Yang Jingyu , Xie Jinyuan , Yao Ziqing , Huang Meixing Let's wait.

The Shi Ji Yin Ben Ji contains: Shang Dynasty At the end of the period, many princes rebelled King Zhou of Zhou And returned to Zeb. Zeb became more powerful, and King Zhou gradually lost his power. prince Bugan He tried to persuade King Zhou, but he refused to listen and became more sexually immoral and never stopped. When Zhou refused to listen to him, Wei Zi consulted with the Taishi and Shaoshi, and then fled the State of Yin. But Bigan said, "To be a minister to others, one must fight to the death for advice." He remonstrated with all his might. Zhou was very angry and said, "I have heard that the hearts of saints have seven holes." So he cut open Bigan's chest and cut out his heart to see.

King Wu of Zhou Seal than dry country god seal copper plate inscription: Regulus prince than dry ridge, reported to God, under the earth God. A thousand autumns of the Chinese nation: "Qi Feng God rain, lightning light today; For the master loyalty, careful for the future." Life for the Zong sacrificial, every dynasty to sacrifice. And it is forbidden to disclose the relics.

Bugan

Pakistan is in turmoil and the king is under duress. General Manzi once asked the king of Chu for help, and promised Ba three cities as reward. The civil unrest subsided, Chu envoys to ask for execution of the agreement. He answered politely and generously: "Promise is the word of a great man." But the land of Pakistan is not divided; can a man cut the city in private? I would rather die for breaking my promise." After that, he cut his throat and killed himself.

The envoy was helpless, holding the head of General Man. The king of Chu sighed, "If you get this loyal minister, why do you need several cities?" Then buried his head with the ceremony of Shangqing; The whole country grieved and buried the headless body of General Ba Manzi in the capital.

Huo Qubing : Western Han general (140-117 BC), Han, military strategist. Hadong Binh Duong County (now Shanxi Linfen southwest) people. Famous men of Han Dynasty Wei Qing The nephew, good riding shot. Good at long-distance raiding. Classic Battle: The Decisive Battle of Mobei.

Huo Qubing

Yuanshuo Six years (123 BC), Huo Qubing was appointed by Emperor Wudi as a lieutenant of Pyuyao, and accompanied Wei Qing in attacking the Huns in Monan (now Mongolian plateau South of the Great Desert), with 800 people to kill more than 2,000 people, was sealed Champion Marquis . Yuan Khao two years (121 BC) was awarded General of the Hussars . In spring and summer, he led two attacks to occupy Hexi (now Hexi Corridor and Huangshui River The Xiongnu Department in the river basin killed more than 40,000 people. In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered to meet Hunnu Hun, who had led his troops to Han The wicked King At the critical moment when some of the troops were in chaos, he led his troops into the Xiongnu army, killed the rebels, stabilized the situation, and the Hun Evil King was able to lead more than 40,000 people back to Han. From then on, the Han Dynasty controlled the Hexi area and opened up the road to the Western Regions. Four summers, with Wei Qing Each led 50,000 to ride across the desert (the great desert of the Mongolian Plateau) to attack the Xiongnu. Huo Qubing After defeating the Zuoxian King Department, he pursued the victory, penetrated more than 2,000 miles, and wiped out more than 70,000 people. After the promotion of Dasima, with Wei Qing in charge of military power. He used his troops flexibly, paid attention to the strategy, did not adhere to the ancient law, brave and decisive, won every battle, won the trust of Emperor Wu. Left behind the "Huns have not been destroyed, why the family for" the ancient sentence. He died of illness in the sixth year (117 BC) at the age of 24.

Ban Chao (32-102 years), styled Zhong Sheng, Fufeng Pingling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi) native, the Eastern Han Dynasty famous military strategist and diplomat. The Eastern Han Dynasty famous famous classic: "Nothing ventured, nothing gained." (original: He who enters the den shall not enter the den)

Ban Chao is a famous historian Ban Biao The younger son, the elder brother Ban Khao , sis Ban Chao He is also a famous historian. Ban Chao people have great ambitions, do not repair the details. But the heart of honor and respect, home and family hard work, no shame. He is eloquent, well-read, able to weigh up and examine matters.

Zu Ti (266-321), Zi Shizhi, Fanyang Qiu County (now Hebei Province Laishui County ) people. Strategist of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Ban Chao

Zu Ti was born in the Fanyang Zu family and served as Sizhou Chief registrar Dassima and pen libation Prince in the house people, etc. The Yongjia Rebellion After leading the pro-party to escape in the river Huai, as General Vincent , Yuzhou Prefectural official . In the first year of Jianwu (317), he led the northern expedition, which was responded by people all over the country. Within a few years, the recovery The Yellow River South of the large territory, so that Shi Le dare not invade the south, into the town west general.

Yue Fei

Yue Fei He was born in Yonghe Township, Tangyin County, Xiangzhou (Tangyin County, Henan Province) on February 15, Chongning 2, Northern Song Dynasty (March 24, 1103 AD) Chenggang Village ). In the summer of Shaoxing ten years (1140), the Jin people tore up the peace treaty and invaded the south, Yue Fei Rise up against the war, Yuejia's Legion Incomparable courage, so that Jin Bing heard of fear. Its great destruction of Jin Bing in Caizhou, Chenzhou, Yingzhou, Zhengzhou, Xijing, Songzhou, Xuzhou, Mengzhou, Wei Chau , Wye , Yancheng, Yingchang Mansion Etc., and in Yancheng won a great victory Yingchang Fu was shattered in the decisive battle." kidnapper "," Iron float chart "The myth of invincibility, Zhuxian Town The great victory is Wei Zhen enemy courage, Jin Xianxu sighed, "shake the mountain easy, shake the Yuejia army difficult!" Just as Yue Fei was triumphing against gold, Emperor Gaozong of Song On July 17, 10th year of Shaoxing Twelve gold MEDALS Forced Yue Fei class. On April 24, the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), Qin Hui In order to cut off the obstacles of peace talks, instigating Wan Da Seol on the chapter accused Yue Fei has always been the main battle "rebellion", buy Wang Jun for false testimony, October will Yue Fei father and son and ministry will Zhang Xian shut into Hangzhou Dali Temple . On December 29, the eleventh year of Shaoxing (January 28, 1142), Zhao Gou Qin Hui on the "trumped-up" charge of conspiracy, will Yue Fei Father-son harmony Zhang Xian Falsely accused, Yue Fei would rather die than yield, before the execution pen to write "Tianrizhao, Tianrizhao" eight characters.

Angry crown, leaning against the railing drizzly pause. Look up, raise your eyes to the sky and scream, fervently. Thirty fame dust and earth, eight thousand li road clouds and moon. Do not wait, white young head, empty sad. Jingkang shame, still not snow; Vassal hate, when to destroy! Driving a long car, set foot on the Helan Mountain, hunger and ambition to eat Hu Rupp meat, laughing and thirsty Xiongnu blood. To be from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, toward the Tianque.

Heroic dedication, never look back - three Jie at the end of Song Dynasty

Three great heroes at the end of Song Dynasty

Zhang Shijie (? 1279), Song Dynasty general, national hero. My father fled to the Song Dynasty because he violated the Jin law. De You two years (1276), when Lin 'an fell, the 5-year-old little emperor Emperor Gong of Song Captured, he and Lu Xiufu led the two Kings of the Song Dynasty (King Yi Zhao, King Wei Zhao Bing Run away. And then he turned 7 Zhao Shi To be emperor, is to Song Duanzong , date number" Jing Yan ". After Duan Zong ascended the throne, Zhang Shijie was very important. Zhang Shijie did not live up to the hopes of Emperor Duanzong and commanded many times Song Jun Against the onslaught of the Yuan army, the 10-year-old Danzong drowned in the third year of Jingyan (1278), and his younger brother Zhao Bing became emperor and changed the yuan. Xianghung ". Zhao Bing gave orders Zhang Shijie Be a taifu (emperor's teacher). Zhang Shijie was ordered to defend the imperial capital, Mountain Ae. He also ordered the people to build a construction project for the Empress Dowager and the emperor, and took advantage of the war to teach Zhao Bing how to read. Zhao Bing was also very obedient. He did what Zhang Shijie said. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), the Yuan army attacked the small court of Zhao Bing in a large scale, Zhang Shijie led the army to resist, and was defeated. Seeing that the country was about to perish, he prepared to take Zhao Bing back to organize a breakout. Prime Minister Lu Soofu jumped into the sea with his eight-year-old baby emperor and died. When Zhang Shijie knew this, he cried and said, "I have established a king first, I do not want to die; How can it be that a king is restored and this king also dies?" Soon after, he was drowned by the waves.

Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), Han, Luling, Jizhou (now Jiangxi Province) Ji 'an People, formerly known as Yunsun, word shoe, and word Song Rui, since the title Wenshan, national hero. He is the author of the Complete Works of Wenshan, and his famous works include Righteous Song and Zodingyang. Emperor Lizong of Song Dynasty Baoyou Shi Jinshi. The official to the prime minister, sealed A surname . When Lin 'an was in danger, he gathered a rebel army in his hometown and resolutely resisted the invasion of Yuan soldiers. Later, unfortunately, he was captured, and in detention, he was righteous and unyielding. His poems in his later years reflect his steadfast national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. The style is impassioned, bleak and solemn, with a strong appeal. There is a... The Complete works of Mr. Wenshan ", "Wenshan Yuefu".

Lu Xiufu (1236-1279) Famous minister and national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, word Jun Shi, Chuzhou Yancheng Changjianli (today belongs to Jiangsu Jianhu) people. Poyou Jinshi. initially Li Tingzhi Staff, after the official ceremonies and other positions. After the fall of Lin 'an to Fuzhou, and Zhang Shijie Wait for Zhao is emperor. Is dead, and hold Zhao Bing, Fengdi Ju Mountains (now Guangdong Xinhui South), Ren Left phase , continue to organize resistance. Xiangxing two years (1279) for the Yuan army defeated, the negative emperor threw into the sea and died. There is the Remains of the Duke of Lu Zhonglie. Li Tingzhi was appointed governor of Huaidong and appointed him as councilor. In the first year of Emperor Gong De You of the Song Dynasty (1275), the Yuan soldiers along the east of the river, the situation in Yangzhou was tense, most of the subordinates fled, and several people such as Lu Xiufu stuck to their duties and did not waver. Li Tingzhi recommended him to the court and transferred him to Linan . Deyou two years, served as the minister of rites. After the Empress Dowager led Emperor Gong of Song to surrender, he and his generals Su Liuyi retreated to Wenzhou. Soon, with Chen Yizhong , Zhang Shijie He established King Yi as emperor in Fuzhou, rebuilt the Song Court, and served as the master of Duanming Hall. Sign the book in Privy Council . Yuan soldiers into Fujian, Song Junchen by sea ship south to Guangdong. The following year, when Guangzhou fell to the Yuan, Song Ting moved to Jing 'ao (under the Southern Hengqin Island, Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province), and Chen Yizhong fled to Chamcheng (now south-central Vietnam). At the beginning of the third year of Jing Yan (1278), Zhao is dead, and the ministers want to disperse, Lu Xiufu encouraged the ministers, and then set the eight-year-old King of Wei Zhao Bing as emperor, and changed the Yuan Xianghung , move house Cliff mountain (Now Xinhui Nanhai Middle of Guangdong Province). Lu Xiufu was appointed Prime Minister of the Left, and he shared the government with Zhang Shijie. Xiangxing two years (1279, Yuan to yuan sixteen years), Yuan Zhang Hongfan Attacking Yashan, the Song army was defeated. Lu Xiufu said to Zhao Bing, "Emperor Deyou has already humiliated him. Your Majesty must not humiliate him any more." Resolutely negative emperor jump into the sea sacrifice. There is "Lu Zhong Lie Collection" handed down.

Zong Ze (1060 ~ 1128) was a famous anti-Jin official in late Northern Song Dynasty and early Southern Song Dynasty of China. Forthright and forthright. Born as a scholar He served as a county and state civil servant and achieved considerable political achievements. During his stay in Tokyo, Zong Ze wrote to Emperor Zhao Gou more than 20 times, urging him to return the capital to Tokyo, and formulated a strategy to recover the Central Plains, but was not adopted. He was unable to repay his ambition, and became ill with anxiety. In July, he still called "cross the river!" three times before dying. . There is the "Zongzhong Jian Gong Collection" handed down. Battle of Munazawa Tokyo is Two Song dynasties The army and people of Song Dynasty, led by Zong Ze and other anti-Japanese generals, fought against the invasion of the Jin army and defended the capital Kaifeng.

Although Zong Ze failed to achieve the goal of driving out Jin soldiers, recovering lost lands and restoring the unity of the Song dynasty, he held the position of Kaifeng against Jin outposts, stopped and crushed the large-scale invasion of Jin soldiers, and defended half of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the struggle against the Jin Wei State, Zong Ze held high the banner of anti-Jin, relied on the vast army and people, resolutely resisted the Jin soldiers, and opposed compromise and surrender. He not only achieved brilliant results and made outstanding achievements, but also put forward the proposition of uniting all the enslaved nations to fight against gold and living in peace among all the ethnic groups and their regimes, which fully reflected the common wish of all the people of all ethnic groups. It fully conforms to the inevitable trend of the development of the Chinese nation, and is worthy of being a national hero in Chinese history.

To leave innocence in the world -- Yu Qian

Yu Qian

Yu Qian (May 13, 1398 - February 16, 1457), styled Tingyi, styled Jie An, was a Han, a famous minister and national hero of the Ming Dynasty, born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). In the nineteenth year of Yongle (1421), Yu Qian became a scholar in the Xinfchou Branch, and Xuande was first awarded the imperial history Zhu Gaoxu The Rebellion of. After the rebellion, Yu Qian, as the imperial historian, was promoted to patrol Jiangxi by Xuanzong because of Zhu Gaoxu's meritorious service, singing full road. Xuande five years (1430), with the military department right squire governor of Henan, Shanxi. Eleven years of orthodoxies (1446), because he did not flatter and give gifts to Wang Zhen when he went to the capital, he was framed by his partisans and sent to prison for death, after which he was reinstated because of the officials of the two provinces and even the force of the emperor. Fourteen years of Orthodoxy (1449) The change of Civil Castle Emperor Yingzong was captured by Vala, the capital was empty, the dynasty was full of panic, faced with the humiliation of Jingkang, he forced the discussion of moving to the south, insisted on holding, and entered the military department. Emperor Zong set up, ordered the army to prepare, transferred the reserve army of Liangjing and the surrounding areas, deployed key points, personally supervised the battle, greatly encouraged the morale, personally led the division to the nine gates of Beijing, and destroyed the army of Wara. Plus or minus security, Governor's military affairs. Also first with the English king to force and, he to the state, the king for light, not allowed. Yexian (Esen) with no slack to take advantage of, forced to release Yingzong. The British emperor returned, still in peace, choose the elite division of the Beijing army ten regiment battalion training, but also sent troops out of the customs garrison, the border to safety. At that time, the court and the opposition are a lot of things, but it is a special operation, it is appropriate to meet the order, the Ming trial, the piece of paper travel thousands of miles without vigilance. He was worried about the country and forgot his body, did not speak merit, and lived frugally. He was only sheltered from the wind and rain, but his character was solid and straight, and was quite despised by all. After the restoration of Emperor Yingzong in the first year of Tianshun (1457), Shi Heng and others accused him of plotting to appoint the son of King Xiang and were killed. At the beginning of Chenghua, Fu Guan gave sacrifices, Hongzhi two years (1489), posthumous title Su Min. Wanli, change posthumous title loyal Su. There is "Yu Zhong Su Ji". The History of the Ming Dynasty praised his "loyalty and heroism, winning glory with the sun and the moon." Yu Qianhe Yue Fei Zhang Huangyan said," The three masters of the West Lake ".

Resist the three princes of Qing Dynasty : Indicates the three main leaders who led the last hundred thousand people of Jiangyin to resist the Qing army: Yan Yingyuan, Chen Mingyu, Feng Houdun.

Yan Yingyuan (? -1645) 崇祯 Jiangyin Canon history in the last years.

Chen Mingyu (? -- 1645) Chongzhen served as Jiangyin Canon history at the end of his reign.

Feng Houdun (? -- 1645) Chongzhen was appointed Jiangyin instructor in his last years.

Jiangyin resisted the three princes of Qing Dynasty

In the summer of 1645, the people of Jiangyin fought for 81 days before and after to resist the Qing Dynasty's order to shave, under the leadership of the three princes of the Qing Dynasty, so it was called "The Qing Dynasty." Jiangyin on the eighty-first day ". The heroic deeds of Jiangyin intellectuals fighting against the Qing army, represented by Jiangyin's resistance to the three princes of Qing Dynasty, left a brilliant page in the history of Chinese anti-aggression. In this battle, the Qing army lost three princes and 18 generals; Also taking part in the siege were Bolo and Nikkan, Kong Yu-deok ; The Qing army of 240,000 armed with more than 200 artillery pieces surrounded the city, and lost a total of more than 75,000 soldiers. On the Jiangyin side, on the eighty-first day of defending the city, more than 97,000 people were killed inside the city, more than 75,000 people were killed outside the city, and no one surrendered.

Zheng Chenggong (1624-1662), the national hero of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Han nationality. Real name Sen, also known as Fusong, character Mingyan, No. Dashi, Fujian Province Nan 'an The city Ishii The man. It was born in Japan on August 27, 1624 Nagasaki prefecture Hirado Marihama, history records that he "young intelligent, heroic and promising." His father was Zheng Zhilong, and his mother's name was Tagawa. Ancestral home Henan Province Gushi county Wangpeng Township Dengdamiao village. When Hongguang was born, Emperor Longwu gave the surname Zhu and awarded Zhongxiaobo, which is the origin of his commonly known as "national surname Ye". Qing army into Min, father Zheng Zhilong Welcome down, he cry remonstrate not to listen, the army against the Qing. postand Zhang Huangyan Joint division north expedition, shaking southeast. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), he led tens of thousands of soldiers to set out from Xiamen and landed at the port of Heliao, Taiwan. He defeated the Dutch colonists and recovered Taiwan, which made him famous through the ages. Zheng Chenggong He fell ill and died in late 1662, living for 38 years

Shi Kefa

Shi Kefa (1601 ~ 1645) statesman and military strategist in the late Ming Dynasty. The word Xianzhi, and the word Dao neighboring, Han, Xiangfu people (today Henan Kaifeng ancestral home Daxing County Shuntianfu (today Beijing), the Eastern Han Dynasty Liyang Hou Shi Chong 49th descendants of the grandson Zuo Guangdou . Nanjing of Ming Dynasty The Ministry of Military Affairs Grand Maester of East Court He was captured for resisting Qing Dynasty and died unyielding. He is a famous national hero of China. Nan Ming court posthumous title of Zhong Jing. Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty posthumous title. On May 10, the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Duduo, Prince of Yu of Qing Dynasty, besieged Yangzhou. Shi Kefa Calling upon the towns to dispatch troops to rescue them, Liu Zeqing North Dun Huai 'an, only Liu Zhaoji When a few troops arrived, the defense was difficult. now Dorgon Persuaded to surrender, Shi Kefa refused to surrender in the letter of Dorgon. The Book of Dorgon: "This rebel is not punished, the spy knows the volume on the West Qin, the square plan revenge." This is not only a common hatred of this dynasty, but also a worry for your country. Fu Qi Jian friendship, all the virtue; Join the division into the discussion, the crime Qin Zhong; A total of the head of the Lord against the thief, to relieve the anger of the day. I hear of your righteousness, a thousand years of glory, this is to the picture, but the force is to see." Neither humble nor arrogant, spread through the ages.

He is smart and studious, good at poetry and prose, and has more than ten kinds of works in the world: He entered the official career at the age of 27, benefiting the people; He was good at military tactics and strategies, and made great achievements against Japan. He died in prison after being criticized for his bad conduct. Hu Zongxian The life is admirable, more sighing! He is the author of the book Compilation of charts "For the first time explicitly marked Diaoyu Island Hu Zongxian was the first person to claim Diaoyu Dao as Chinese territory.

Hu Zongxian

The Japanese invasion in the southeast coastal area began at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Jiajing, the Japanese invasion along the southeastern coast suddenly intensified. At this time, Hu Zongxian served as a patrol in Zhejiang to monitor the imperial history, which shows that the court had high hopes for him. Hu Zongxian made an oath before he left: he said he would not capture Wang Zhi , Xu Hai The two chiefs of the Japanese invaders vowed not to return to Beijing. At the beginning of taking office, in view of the phenomenon of lax discipline among officers and soldiers in the jurisdiction, he used reward and punishment as a means to vigorously rectify, and soon restored military discipline and morale. Hu Zongxian has a stage to show his ambition. On the one hand, he recruited all kinds of talents and reused them Yu Dayou , Qi Jiguang Such a general, the resourceful imperial examinations failed to achieve the genius literati Xu Wei Recruited as staff; On the other hand, strong support for training, the greatest achievement is Qi Jiguang training Qi Jia's Legion . In Hu Zongxian's anti-Japanese career, the most influential thing that can reflect his courage and ability is the battle of wits and courage with Wang Zhi and Xu Hai, two chiefs of Japanese pirates who were also fellow townsmen in Huizhou, and finally destroyed them.

The Story of Jin Yunqiao, a popular novel widely circulated in Qing Dynasty, tells a touching and stirring love story between Xu Hai and Wang Cuiqiao, the leader of the second largest pirate group in Jiajing period. This story also spread to Vietnam, the Vietnamese classical long poem "Jin Yunqiao Biography", tells the legendary story of Wang Cuiqiao, which has a profound influence on the development of modern Vietnamese literature. ^[3]

Qi Jiguang (1528--1587) Ming Dynasty anti-Japanese general, military strategist, national hero. Character Yuanjing, number Nantang, late number Meng Zhu, ancestral home Anhui Dingyuan County He was born in Jining, Shandong Province. Born into a general family. Ming Jia Jing Twenty-three years (1544) at the age of 17, he attacked his father for the command of the guard of Dengzhou. Thirty-four years (1555) transferred to Zhejiang Duxian service, the next year promoted to join the general, the town of Ningbo, Shaoxing, Taizhou 3. In September, 800 Japanese invaders invaded Longshan, and Qi Jiguang and others led the Ming army 10 times more than the enemy to block the attack. Japanese pirates Divided into three ways to attack, more than 10,000 Ming army was vulnerable to a single blow, the array gradually chaos, have to retreat. Qi Jiguang saw that the situation was critical, jumped on a high stone, fired 3 arrows, 3 Japanese enemy leaders fell in response, the Japanese enemy leaderless, fled in a hurry.

Qi Jiguang

In the 38th year (1559), the Japanese War in Taizhou was frequent, and the people suffered deeply. Thousands of pirates surrounded Momonagisa Chito , Qi Jiguang From Ningbo, he led troops to rescue Taizhou overnight, solve the siege of Taozhu, and wipe out the Japanese invaders in Haimen. Then, he went to Jinhua, Yiwu and other places to recruit more than 3,000 strong farmers and miners, and took Yuejia Army as an example to compile and train, and eventually became famous in the world Qi Jia's Legion . Qi Jiguang, aiming at the terrain of the south and the characteristics of the Japanese pirates, created a combination of long and short weapons, and changed the formation due to the enemy and the ground. Mixed Spear Formation ", the use of flying knives, flying guns, flying arrows of rockets, etc., repeatedly defeated the pirates. In the spring of 39th year (1560), he was reappointed to Taiwan (prefecture), Jin (prefecture) and Yan (prefecture). Participating general Stationed in Taizhou. Build a beacon along the coast, build walls, train defenders. Forty years (1561), thousands of Japanese pirates landed in Taizhou. Qi Jiguang Led the army to attack, Jianjump in Ninghai (now Sanmen), seaward Flower Street, Shangfengling, Bai Shui Yang He Taiping (today Wenling Mountain Xinhe, Changsha and other places, defeated nine consecutive Japanese invaders and rescued thousands of refugees. Known to history The Great victory in Taizhou Also known as Taizhou nine battles nine victories. The following summer aid to Fujian, smashed the Japanese pirates in Hengyu lair, and took advantage of the victory to break Niu Tian, Xinghua The Japanese pirates, Linkke more than 60 battalion. Forty-two years (1565) and Yu Dayou Wipe out the Japanese pirates in Guangdong and relieve the Japanese invasion in Southeast China. After Qi Jiguang held Jizhou town for 16 years, the side was repaired, and the foreign enemy did not dare to attack easily. Because of the exclusion, in the eleventh year of the Ming Wanli (1583) transferred to Guangdong garrison. Then he was falsely accused and returned home. Qi Jiguang has original ideas on training soldiers, governing weapons, array maps, etc. His excellent military theory works New book of record effect ", "Training Shiji", "Jiezhitang collection", much attention to the military.

Yuan Keli (1562-1633), Ming Henan Suizhou (now Suixian County) people. Ming Wanli seventeen years Jinshi, as Suzhou house push official. Twenty-three years of Shanxi road to supervise the imperial history, because of outspoken remonstrance punishment salaries, and for accusing the emperor Wanli was dismissed from office and returned to home for twenty-six years. Taichang first year from Shangbao division cheng, Li Denglai governor, Tianqi six years in November push Nanjing department Shangshu, to maus castration party, plus military department Shangshu. Apocalypse seven years plus prince less bao, South are tired to give light Lu doctor prince Taibao.

After Wanli, Taichang, Tianqi, Chongzhen four emperors, for the "four dynasties elders" of the minister, the "five Enrong" award. He was a famous honest official, military strategist and anti-Qing general in the late Ming Dynasty. Yuan Keli was the only one among nearly 200 minor officials in the Ming and Qing dynasties of Suzhou Prefecture to be honored in the famous official Temple, and he was listed in the immortal list with Wen Tianxiang, Hai Rui, Yu Chenglong and other pure officials. In his later years, Yuan Keli became the only one among the 14 governors of Denglai to be honored in the famous official Temple by the people of Dengzhou, casting a monument and final model of Yuan Keli's career as an official.

Suixian county east Guan Yuan Kaili statue

Yuan Keli turned Nurhachi's son-in-law Liu Aita, and the blow to the heart of the later Jin army was unprecedented. At the time, the Han official generals collapsed completely, recovered the territory of three Wei in southern Liaoning, and connected Deng Lai, Lushun, PI Dao, Kuan叆 and other places into a line, thus removing the military threat of the later Jin to the Shandong Peninsula and consolidating the two thousand li sea frontier of the Ming Dynasty. Yuan Keli's funny and wise "treachery" made the golden people feel humiliated and angry, and became a historical wound that could not be healed. Kang and Qian prospered" Literary inquisition In his edited "History of the Ming Dynasty" has influenced Wars of Ming and Qing Dynasties 史的重要人物袁可立、毛文龙、刘爱塔等一概削而不立传。 Qianlong In forty-two years, about Yuan Keli's" Jie Huan Yuan Gong act "And Song Yue Fei The two texts of "Reconstructing Jingzhong Temple of Zhongwu Yue of Song Dynasty" were banned by the Manchu Dynasty at the same time. ^[4] Separated by 500 years, the heroes from two different dynasties who fought against the Jin met in the Qing Dynasty. Until the 17th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, the large stone archway in Yuan Keli's hometown was forcibly demolished by the governor of Suizhou Wang Mei.

After Yuan Keli's appointment, the Jin and Ming armies repeatedly defeated the water division, tired of running, no longer have the courage to fight with them again. First auxiliary Kong Zhenyun evaluation said: "The long history of the sea, where the terrain is dangerous and easy, the military reserve surplus contraction, will officials, rupp feelings to the back of the hole if the candle light, so Denglai end of the public pin front lying drum." "If the chickens and dogs do not disturb, then Li Xiping's three generations of teachers are also!" Enter the tiger's lair and burn the island's nest, then the main ship's water army is also!" ^[5] Wong Tao Chow commented: "The public went to Theng Lai for a few years, and Theng Lai was defeated. Gongyi rule division, plug the key, burn stolen grain, contact the islands, recover Lushun, and the sea Yanran. ... For more than ten years, Korea fell." (" Jie Huan Yuan Gong Biography ") Emperor Tianqi praised: "Yuan can set up Qing Ren Yihe, straight and big; The spirit of a thousand miles, civil and military constitution in all countries." (" The Three Years of Apocalypse Treatise ")

Yuan Keli left office only half a year, the lack of effective dispatch and support of the general Zhang Pan died in battle, and then Nurhachi moved the capital to Shenyang in a large number of years, and Liuhe defeat occurred in another half year, the military confrontation situation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties turned sharply because of Yuan Keli's departure. Before and after comparison, there is a difference. People can be set up, day to seize the Ming, since the Ming country no complete ou. Oh, pity!

Two abject Kings shook the world

Li Dingguo

Li Dingguo (1620 -- 1663), styled Hongyuan, was born in Yulin, Shaanxi Province. Li Dingguo, word Hongyuan, trumpet a pure. An outstanding military strategist and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. Young from Xianzhong uprising, late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, one of the generals of the western peasant Army. Farming is in the family. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Li Dingguo, who was only ten years old, joined the party Zhang Xianzhong uprising The army was loved by Zhang Xianzhong. Li Dingguo followed Zhang Xianzhong's rebel army to battle in Qin, Jin, Henan, and Chu. When the enemy fell into battle, Li Dingguo was known for his bravery. A lesson learned through capital The books are written with mercy in the army. He was a man of martial arts, known for his bravery, and he killed countless enemies. Onishi regime Establish and promote General ANSI , the same Sun Yiyi , Liu Wenxiu , Eneng Qi Together, they were raised as adoptive sons, collectively known as the four Generals. In the years that followed, Great Shun In the first year, after the death of Xianzhong, he led the rest of the Great West Army into Yunnan and joined the Ming Dynasty to fight the Qing Dynasty. Thus made great achievements in the war.

Historical merit

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Li Dingguo was an outstanding commander in the early Qing Dynasty who fought against the Manchurian nobility's military conquest and tyranny.

He used his troops like a god, and was known as a small man. He was disciplined and innocent, and it was recorded at the time that "all the men and women in rags were sent to the camp, and they were woven for lining nails and fast shoes, and there were no abandoned relics." ... Or it may be decreed that the army should arrive by night, but it is over by day. It is therefore worthy of merit."

evaluate

Dingguo life risked death, struggle ceaselessly, in order to resist the murderous enemy, bloody fight until the end! He has passed away and gone with the wind, but his national integrity, poor and firm will continue to inspire future generations of people to fight against oppression and national conquest and sacrifice.

People and the people are connected, in the town guard Yungui, love the people like a son, so far Yunnan people still regard the country as the backbone of Yunnan! The Yunnan people most worship is Wu Hou and Li Dingguo Guo Yingqiu The loyalty and loyalty of the Dingguo is still praised by people in modern times, and the revolutionary party of the late Qing Dynasty uprising, CAI E Still following the example of Dinkuk, Zhang Taiyan Say:

"May the people of Yunnan never forget Li Dingguo!"

Yuan Chonghuan (June 6, 1584 - September 22, 1630), the character element, the number Sui (or, also the character sui note 1), Guangxi Wuzhou Futeng County Baima Wei, ancestral home in Dongguan, Guangdong province. Ming Dynasty outstanding military, statesman and writer.

Wanli Ming Dynasty in the forty-seven years Jin Shi, Shaowu county, Fujian Province. In 1622 (the second year of the Apocalypse), he was appointed chief of the staff Department of the Ministry of War. In the same year, he went out to inspect outside the customs, and also asked to guard Liaodong after the capital. Build ancient Ningyuan city now Liaoning Xingcheng garrison.

1626 (six years after the apocalypse) Nurhachi Attacking Ningyuan City, Yuan Chonghuan held on to the solitary city of Ningyuan and won the great victory of Ningyuan, and Nurhachi suffered the most serious defeat in 44 years of military operation. Eventually because do not attach Wei Zhongxian, by its party to impeach the post.

Yuan Chonghuan

Courtiers invited Yuan Chonghuan to return to court. In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen), Yuan Chonghuan was appointed as the military secretary and deputy imperial historian of the right capital, the supervisor of the army of Jyi and Liao, and the supervisor of the military affairs of Deng, Lai and Tianjin. In July, Sizong summoned Chonghuan. Chonghuan generous speech, plan to Liao for five years, and Shuchen strategy, the emperor is happy, give Chonghuan Shang Fang sword, in the premise of Liao, can act cheap.

Lin Zexu

Lin Zexu (1785-1850), Han, the word Yuan Fu, and the word Shaomu, stone phosphorus, posthumous title Wenzhong , from Fuzhou, Fujian Province. In his early years, his family was poor and well educated. Jiaqing Sixteen years to the Jinshi. In the 40 years as an official, he "learned the world self-encouragement", honest and public; And attach importance to water conservancy, disaster relief. His greatest achievement was to lead the vigorous anti-smoking campaign in Chinese history Destruction of opium at Humen Commanded the anti-British struggle, safeguarded national sovereignty and national dignity, and became Modern Chinese history The first national hero and patriot. At the same time, he compiled the Records of Four Continents and other foreign books and materials, which created the atmosphere of learning and studying the West in modern China, and was a pioneer of modern reform thought in China. Lin Zexu memorial Hall has been built in Fuzhou and other places.

Guan Tianpei (1781-1841), character Zhongyin, name Zipu, posthumous Zhongjie, Feng Zhenwei general, Han nationality, Jiangsu Huai 'an City Shanyang County (now Chuzhou District of Jiangsu Huai 'an City) people, the late Qing Dynasty famous patriotic general, national hero. He wrote "The First collection of Chuhai" and training charts. Three countries general Wusheng people Guan Yu descendants, after many people, professional soldiers. Successively served as general, general, guard, lieutenant, lieutenant, and other important posts. During his tenure as commander of the Guangdong Daqing Water Division, he fully supported the national hero Lin Zexu to ban smoking in Humen. General Guan, who had fought many battles, took the lead, risked his life, and gave his life for his country in the bloody battle with the British invading army. He has made outstanding contributions to consolidating national defense and safeguarding national sovereignty. Guanzhong Festival temple, Guanzhong festival Gongtianpei tomb. ^[6]

Liu Yongfu (1837-1917), Yuan Ting, Han nationality, Qinzhou, Guangdong (now Guangxi), the ancestral home of Bobai Dongping, Qing Dynasty military figures, was the anti-Qing Black flag army general, 1883 annual Black flag army to participate in the Sino-French War, repeatedly defeated the French army. The Sino-Japanese War After that, he was ordered to Taiwan to resist Japan, isolated and ultimately failed. ^[7]

Liu Mingchuan (1836-1896) Zi Shengsan, Han nationality, born in Hefei, Anhui Province. The Huai Army general, the backbone of the Westernization faction and the first governor of Taiwan, not only repelled the invasion of the French fleet, but also practiced foreign exercises, discussed railways, and built Taiwan province, making outstanding contributions to the modernization of Taiwan. ^[8]

Deng Shichang

Deng Shichang (1849-1894) Patriotic admiral of the Chinese Navy in the late Qing Dynasty. The words are right. Originally from Dongguan, Guangdong Province, he was born in Panyu (now Haizhu District, Guangzhou). Sino-japanese War of 1894-1895 houris Zhiyuan Carrier Guan was killed in battle on September 17, 1894.

Deng Shichang entered at the age of 18 Fuzhou ship Administration School For the first graduate of the driving class. In 1874, he graduated with honors and was appointed as a ship steward of the "Chenvoyage". The following year, "Haidong Cloud" gunboat pipe belt, 1880 Li Hongzhang for construction The North Ocean Navy The collection of talents, because Deng Shichang "familiar with the management and driving matters, for the navy is not easy to obtain talent" and transferred to the Beiyang subordinate, this winter, the North Ocean ordered in the United Kingdom "Yangwei", "super Yong" two cruisers completed. Ding Ruchang More than 200 naval officers and soldiers went to Britain to meet the ship, Deng Shichang accompanied. Deng Shichang was awarded the title of "Bayong Batulu" by the Qing Court for his contributions to the ship, and was appointed as a "prestige" ship Tube tape .

In the spring of 1887, Deng Shichang led a team to Britain to receive four cruisers "Zhiyuan", "Jingyuan", "Jingyuan" and "Lai Yuan" ordered by the Qing government from Britain and Germany, and returned to China at the end of the year. Due to the ship's meritorious service, promoted lieutenant, Ren "Zhiyuan" ship pipe belt. In October 1888, the Beiyang Navy was formally established, and Deng Shichang was promoted to deputy general of the Chinese Army.

September 17, 1894 in the Yellow Sea Great Donggou Sea Battle In the middle, Deng Shichang command "Zhiyuan" ship fight bravely, after the Japanese ship siege, "Zhiyuan" a number of injuries in the whole ship fire, the ship tilted. Deng Shichang encouraged all the ship's officers and soldiers: "We serve the army to defend the country, early put life and death in the degree, today's matter, there is death!" "Japanese ships rely on Yoshino, if you sink this ship, it is enough to seize its air and accomplish the task", resolutely drove the ship at full speed into the starboard side of the Japanese capital ship Yoshino, determined to die with the enemy. Japanese ship officers and soldiers see this panic, concentrated artillery fire to "Zhiyuan", unfortunately a shell hit the "Zhiyuan" ship's torpedo tube, the torpedo inside the explosion caused "Zhiyuan" ship sank. After Deng Shichang fell into the sea, his entourage to rescue the life buoy, he refused, and said: "I am determined to kill the enemy to serve the country, today died in the sea, righteousness, how to survive!" His dog "Sun" also swam to his side, holding his arm with his mouth, Deng Shichang vowed to live and die together with the warship, resolutely entered the water according to the dog's head, and sank in the waves, with more than 250 officers and men on the ship.

Deng Shichang sacrifice after the whole country shook, Guangxu Emperor tears to write the united "this day spread the tears of the world, there is a strong navy", and gave Deng Shichang "Zhuang festival public" posthumous title, imperial pen wrote a memorial, a tablet each. Weihai people felt his loyalty, and also built a temple for Deng Shichang statue on Chengshan Mountain in 1899 to show permanent admiration. On December 28, 1996, The People's Liberation Army Navy The new ocean-going integrated training ship was named "Shichang Ship" to commemorate it.

Zuo Zongtang

Zuo Zongtang (1812 ~ 1885), important military and political minister of the late Qing Dynasty, Hunan Army One of the commanders, Westernization group An important leader. Word season high, a word park, number on the farmer. People from Xiangyin, Hunan Province. In 1875 ( Guang Xu In the first year of the Qing Dynasty, there was a debate between "coastal defense" and "blocking defense". The defense of the northwest frontier and the southeast coast were in danger. Li Hongzhang They believe that the two "forces are difficult to balance", advocate giving up the blockade, and will "stop the payment, that is, the pay for coastal defense." Zuo Zongtang force table dissent, pointed out that the northwest "since the withdrawal of the fence, then I retreat inch and the aggressors advance", especially led to British and Russian penetration. In May of that year, he was ordered to supervise military affairs in Xinjiang. In 1876, he was stationed in Suzhou and commanded the multi-route army to defeat Agub. In January of the following year, he occupied Khotan (present-day Hotan) and recovered all the territory of Xinjiang except the Ili region. Immediately, Shangshu suggested that Xinjiang should set up a province in order to achieve long-term peace and stability. In 1879, when China and Russia negotiated with Ili, they criticized Chonghou's demand for Russia, recklessly negotiated the treaty, lost power and land, and advocated "discussing it first" and "deciding it on the battle front." In the spring of 1880, he deployed troops in Xinjiang and left Suzhou for Hami. In early 1881, the Sino-Russian" Treaty of Ili Signed, the edict to Beijing Minister of military aircraft He also walked in the prime Minister's Yamen and managed the affairs of the military ministry. The same summer, tune Governor of the two Rivers and Minister of Trade for South Asia . In June 1884, he was called to Beijing and again served as Minister of Military aircraft. During the Sino-French War, the French fleet defeated the Fujian naval division at Mawei, Fuzhou, and was ordered to supervise the Fujian military affairs. After arriving in Fuzhou in November, they actively deployed defense and formed the "Ke Jing Aid Taiwan Army" to cross east to Taiwan. He died in 1885 in Fuzhou. He is the author of "Chu Barracks System" (with Rules and regulations), whose manuscript, correspondence and other compilations are" Zuo Wenxiang public works ".

Feng Zicai

Feng Zicai (1818.7.29 ~ 1903.9.18), a famous anti-French general in the late Qing Dynasty. Word south dry, number Cuitting. Born in Qinzhou, Guangxi. His parents died when he was a child. He worked as a carpenter, ran the cattle gang, and spent many years in poverty. Under the influence of social atmosphere and the words and deeds of his friends and relatives, Feng Zicai's thoughts were filled with many Confucian orthodoxy, and he strictly demanded himself.

In 1850 (Qing Daoguang 30 years) led the uprising, the next year defected Heaven and Earth Society Leader Liu Ba, turn to accept peace, follow Governor of Guangxi Xiang Rong Stern pursuit The Taiping Army Outside Nanjing, accumulated merit to the general. In 1862 (the first year of Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty), he promoted the Guangxi governor, stationed Zhenjiang, and cooperated with the Hunan Army to encircle and suppress the Taiping Army. Following the suppression of peasant uprisings in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and other places. From 1869 to 1879 (the fifth year of the Qing Dynasty's Guangxu reign), invited by the Vietnamese government and dispatched by the Qing Court, he went out of the customs three times to suppress the Guangxi peasant rebellion and the mutiny of the Qing army, deeply aware of the intention of France to seize Vietnam and explore the southern border of the motherland. In 1881, because of the discord with the regime, "said disease" disarmed and returned home, still worried about the border affairs. He offered to lead troops into Vietnam to fight against the law. Feng Zicai, a veteran general of nearly seventy years old, was ordered at the moment of crisis, and the official paid his obeisance to the military assistant office outside the customs, and led the department to the south of the town to meet the French army. To show his determination to fight the enemy on this trip, Feng Zicai took his two sons with him to prepare for the afterlife. When he left, he told his family that once Guangxi could not hold, he would move the ancestral tablets back to his ancestral home in Jiangnan, and Feng Zicai vowed never to be a slave of the subjugated country. Sino-french War After the outbreak, the Qing army in Vietnam collapsed in the first World war. Ordered to supervise Guangdong high, Lei, Lian, Qiong and other states of the group training matters. In August 1884, hearing that the Qing Court had declared war on France, he wrote a petition for war, and called up the old army, recruited 18 battalions, the "Extraction Army", and went to the Guangxi front. In February of the following year, the Qing army in Viet Nam was defeated and fled into the Guan, routed, and the French army advanced for a time Zhennan Pass (Today's Friendship Pass). Feng Zicai, who was nearly old, was ordered to help Guangxi military affairs outside the customs, and was promoted by the front line generals to preside over the war and support the crisis. Select the area of Guanqian Pass with dangerous terrain as the battlefield, dredge deep trenches, build long walls, build fortified bases, and equip a strong response division to form a more complete multi-level mountain defense position. In order to disrupt the combat deployment of the French army, led the troops out of the customs night attack Vietnam Wenyuan, inducing the French army to launch an attack in advance without waiting for reinforcements to arrive. When the French army invaded the pass, they commanded all the troops to defend the commanding heights of the two wings, and copied the enemy's rear with the reserve; When in danger, he held the spear and shouted, led the soldiers into the enemy's hand to hand combat, fought half a day, killed the French army and won Zhennan Pass victory . The victory of Zhennanguan was a comprehensive victory for the Qing army in the battle against the invasion of the foreign enemy. It turned the situation of the Qing army in the land battlefield from defeat to victory and from defense to attack. When news of the French defeat reached Paris, Juffery The cabinet was forced to resign. The swing division pursued vigorously, using the night battle method of copying the war, even the Vietnamese Wenyuan, Lang Son, seriously injured the commander of the French 2nd brigade Nigri And drove the French south of Lang Jia. After the war, he was ordered to supervise the defense of the two states of Qin and Lian, and would do border defense in Guangxi. In 1896, he went to Yunnan to become governor. In 1903, he was ordered to run the Guangxi military affairs, and went to Guangxi while ill, and died in the army. There is a set of Military Documents handed down.

Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen (1866 ~ 1925), the name, the word Zaizhi, the number Risin, and the number Yi Xian, the young name Emperor elephant, pseudonym Zhongshan. Sun Yat-sen was a famous national hero who fought against Manchu rule. He was born in a peasant family in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. When he was young, he was influenced by the Guangdong people's struggle tradition and yearned for the revolutionary cause of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He was the forerunner of China's modern democratic revolution, the founder of the Republic of China and the Chinese Kuomintang, The three People's Principles The advocate of... The flag of the first thorough anti-feudalism, "starting a republic and ending the imperial system". Founded in 1905 China Tongmeng Association . The year 1911 Xinhai Revolution He was elected provisional President of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing on March 12, 1925, and on June 1, 1929, according to his wishes, the mausoleum was permanently moved to the Purple Mountain in Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum . [1] In 1940, the National government issued an order to the whole country and honored him as the "founding Father of the Republic of China". Sun Yat-sen wrote the book Founding strategy "," National founding outline ", "Three People's Principles" and so on. His works have been published several times since his death, including an 11-volume book published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1986. The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen The Complete Works of the Founding Father, published in Taipei in 1969, 1973 and 1985. Sun Yat-sen was a great forerunner of the democratic revolution in China. In order to reform China, he spent all his life's energy, established indelible achievements in history, and left precious legacies for his successors in politics.

He died of liver cancer in Beijing on March 12, 1925. The will signed on the eve of his death includes three documents: the State Will, the Family Will and the Will to Soviet Russia. In his state will, he summed up 40 years of revolutionary experience and concluded: "It is necessary to arouse the people and unite the nations of the world who treat me as equals in a common struggle." The call was issued that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades must still work hard". He pointed out that he should continue to make efforts to implement his "National Founding Strategy", "National Founding Outline", "Three People's Principles" and "Declaration of the First National Congress". In his family will, he left his books, clothes, and house to Soong as a memorial and asked his children to carry on his revolutionary legacy. In his suicide note to Soviet Russia, he stated that he implemented the policy of the three Great Revolutions, adhered to the firm conviction of the anti-imperialist patriotic cause, and expressed the hope that the dawn will soon dawn, and the Soviet Union will welcome the strong and independent China as a good friend and ally, and the two countries will go hand in hand to win the great war for the freedom of the oppressed peoples of the world. In 1929, the body was moved from Beijing to Nanjing Purple Mountain .

Li Linyu^[9]

Li Linyu (1896-1970), born Li Jiaxiang, styled Linshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, famous patriotic diplomat, educator, cultural representative of anti-Japanese, known as "China's Mahatma Gandhi", is China's ideological leader of anti-Japanese and national salvation, and played an important role in promoting cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in anti-Japanese.

As a diplomat, Li Lin seems to have worked with Vicky Koo Qi Ming is one of the founders of the China Branch of the United Nations and one of the main promoters of China's "League of Nations diplomacy". During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he used international organizations such as the League of Nations (the predecessor of the United Nations) to effectively win more support from the international community for China's resistance against Japanese aggression and win more space for China's diplomacy. Li Lin seems to have served Chiang Kai-shek Diplomatic adviser to Germany. Chiang Kai-shek recognized him very much, saying that he was "very good in learning and talented." As a bridge between the Chinese high level and the German military advisory group, Li Linxu played a key role in the survival and development of the German military Advisory group in China, and contributed to the construction of the Chinese anti-Japanese army.

As an educator and scholar, Li Linxu has cultivated countless patriotic intellectuals for the country. He translated a large number of Japanese and German military works. His military research became an important guiding basis for the construction of China's anti-Japanese army.

As for Li Lin-like's national integrity, the China website led by The State Council Information Office commented: "Li Lin-like at the critical moment of the survival of the nation, showing that the country can not be insulted and the people can not be insulted, unwavering in the face of the threats and incentives of the Japanese aggressors, rather than eat food, wife and children in poverty, never compromise and cooperate with them, can be called a model for a generation of intellectuals." ^[9-10]

Zhang Zizhong

Zhang Zizhong (1891 ~ 1940), Ethnic Han nationality, known as Jin Chen, was born in Linqing, Shandong Province. He was an anti-Japanese general. He secretly joined the school in 1911 while studying at Tianjin Law and Administration School Tung Meng Hui . He joined the army in 1914. Entered in 1917 Feng Yuxiang He served as battalion commander, commander, brigade commander, division commander and so on. The year 1930 Great War of the Central Plains Later, the Feng Yuxiang military Group was disintegrated, and Zhang Zizhong's headquarters was incorporated by Chiang Kai-shek. After 1931, Zhang Zizhong served as the No The 29th Army Commander of the 38th Division, Commander of the 59th Army, Commander of the 33rd Group Army and commander of the Right Wing Corps of the 5th Theater. In 1937, after the fall of Shanghai and Nanjing, the Japanese invaders again Pawn blade It is directed at Xuzhou, aiming to seize this strategic place. In March 1938, the Japanese army invested 780,000 troops and marched in two directions to Taierzhuang, northeast of Xuzhou. By the time they reached Linyi and Tengxian, fierce battles had taken place with the Chinese army. At that time, Linyi was guarded by Pang Bingxun's Third Army. Due to the disparity in strength and heavy casualties, Pangbu urgently needed reinforcements. Zhang Zizhong The 59th Army arrived in time for reinforcements at a speed of 180 miles a day and night. Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun Originally, it was a feud, but he took the interests of the country and the nation as the priority, abandoned personal grudges, and led the department to fight with the Pang Department. Under the cover of aircraft and artillery, the enemy cooperated with tanks and armored vehicles to attack the Tea Mountain position. Zhang Zizhong with the determination of "fighting to the death to kill the enemy" and "reporting the motherland in case", fought fiercely with the enemy and repeatedly fought hand to hand. At the bottom of the cliff of Tea Mountain, the position of Liujiahu was lost and recovered three or four times, and the battle situation was extremely fierce. After several days of hard fighting, the enemy troops suffered heavy losses and retreated. The Chinese army recaptured one after another Mengyin In Juxian County, more than 4,000 people were wiped out. Soon, the Japanese army sent Sakamoto brigade to Linyi, Sanguan Temple Launch an offensive, hoping for a breakthrough. Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun two armies fought hard, after a night of fierce fighting, the Japanese army suffered a heavy blow, its direction Taier Zhuang front-reinforced Strategic intention It was completely crushed, ensuring the victory of the Taierzhuang War.

In May 1940, in order to control the traffic along the Yangtze River and cut off the transportation line to Chongqing, the Japanese army assembled 300,000 troops to launch The Battle of Zaoyi . At that time, the 33rd Army of the Chinese Army had only two regiments stationed on the west bank of the Xianghe River. Zhang Zizhong As the commander-in-chief of the army Group, he could not have personally led the troops to attack, but he insisted that the deputy commander-in-Chief stay behind, despite the repeated dissuasion of his subordinates.

On May 1, 1940, Zhang Zizhong wrote to the troops and generals: "The country has reached such a point that we have no other way but to die for it." I believe that as long as we can make this determination, our country and our nation of 5,000 years of history will never fall at the hands of Japanese slaves on the three islands. The determination to die for the country and the nation, the sea is not clear, the stone is not rotten, and will never change." After Zhang Zizhong led more than 2,000 people to cross the Xianghe River, he attacked all the way and cut off the Japanese 13th Division. The Japanese then proceeded with superior forces Zhang Zizhong The troops carried out encirclement and attack. Unflinching, Zhang Zizhong commanded his troops to kill the enemy more than 10 times their number and a half. The Japanese suffered heavy casualties.

On May 15, 1940, more than 10,000 Japanese troops attacked the troops led by Zhang Zizhong in two directions. Fierce battle to the 16th Buddha Xiao, Zhang Zizhong department was forced to retreat into the pumpkin shop ten miles Changsan . The Japanese attacked the positions of the Chinese army under the cover of aircraft and artillery. Nine charges a day and night. Zhang Zizhong's casualties increased sharply, and the battle situation was unprecedentedly fierce.

In one day on May 16, 1940, Zhang Zizhong had been calling for supervision of the war from morning to afternoon, and at noon he was shot in the left arm and still insisted on commanding the battle. By 2 p.m., Zhang Zizhong had only a few hundred officers and soldiers left under his command, and he transferred all his guards to the front to reinforce them, leaving only eight people including senior staff officer Zhang Jing and adjutant Ma Xiaotang. He took out a pen to write the last hundred words of the report to the theater command, and handed it to Ma Xiaotang, saying: "I died fighting hard, asking myself whether I can be worthy of the country and the nation, and you should strive to kill the enemy and not live up to my ambition." A little later, Zhang Zizhong The waist was hit by machine gun bullets, he fell to the ground bloody battle and finally heroic sacrifice.

After Zhang Zizhong died in battle, the Japanese found the body of General Zhang, examined the truth, and worshipped together, with a good wood, and erected wooden plates. And the whole army saluted him, and even when his body was transported back to the rear, the Japanese army received the news and ordered the air force to stop the air raid for a day to avoid injuring Zhang Zizhong's loyal bones. It can be seen that General Zhang Zizhong showed military virtues in the Anti-Japanese War against Japan, even the Japanese army that advocated militarism at that time were moved by it.

Chiang Kai-shek Surprised to hear that Zhang Zizhong was martyred, he immediately ordered the 5th Theater to recover Zhang's remains at any cost. More than 100 outstanding soldiers seized the bones of General Zhang and transported them to Chongqing overnight. When the coffin passes Yichang When the city's flag flew at half-mast, the people went to the memorial more than 100,000 people. When the coffin arrived in Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek visited to welcome the spirit, fondled the coffin and cried, and wrote "heroes forever" with a plaque to commend him. Mao Zedong He wrote an elegy for "serving the country faithfully." Zhang Zizhong At the age of 50, his wife Li Minhui The woman died of hunger strike for seven days, and the husband and wife were buried at the foot of Meihua Mountain in Chongqing, where the cemetery of General Zhang Zizhong and the exhibition hall of General Zhang Zizhong's life story were built. Zhou Enlai wrote a personal article praising Zhang Zizhong as "the spirit of loyalty and heroism, which can be the soul of Chinese soldiers in the War of Resistance."

Jie Zhenguo

Jie Zhenguo (1910-1940) A famous anti-Japanese national hero in eastern Hebei Province, in March 1938, a huge strike movement broke out in Kailuan Coal mine, and Jie Zhenguo was elected as the leader of the Zhaogezhuang miners' picket. On May 6, a large number of Japanese puppet military police surrounded Jie's home and searched for Jie Zhenguo and other workers' leaders. The enemy caught section Zhenguo's brother, just back from the mine section Zhenguo rushed up with the enemy to launch a life-and-death struggle. In the struggle, he seized the saber of the Japanese military police captain and killed the Japanese military police captain and several others on the spot Japanese puppet army After the help of the workers rushed out of the enemy's encirclement and pursuit, wounded escape. Section Zhenguo healing, just when the CCP Ji hot side special committee in accordance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee, launched the anti-Japanese uprising in eastern Hebei. After hearing the news, he quickly contacted the miners, erected the anti-Japanese flag, formed the workers' anti-Japanese guerrillas, and participated in the uprising. Soon, he led the ministry to join the East anti-Japanese United Army Li Yunchang Department, was classified as the east Resistance League second road command directly under the special service brigade, that is, the workers' special brigade, Jie Zhenguo Be the captain of the battalion. From July 1938, Jie Zhenguo led the troops active in Mining district And the vast countryside, launched miners to participate in the anti-Japanese armed forces, stealthily attacked the Japanese puppet army, and shook the eastern Hebei Province. In the autumn of 1939, Jie Zhenguo joined the Communist Party of China with honor. On August 1, 1940, Jie Zhenguo, an excellent soldier of the Chinese working class and a national hero of the Anti-Japanese War, led the troops Japanese puppet army He died in battle.

Born in 1893 in a small merchant family, Sichuan Xindu The man. He graduated from Xindu High School in 1909 and was later admitted to Sichuan Army Primary School. In 1911, he joined the anti-Qing struggle of the Bao Lu Comrades Army. In 1912, he was transferred to Baoding Military Academy and left the school. In 1914, he graduated from the infantry Department of the third period of the Sichuan Army Military Academy and served in the Sichuan Army Liu Cunhou Platoon commander in the department. In 1916, he was wounded in the battle of defending the country and discussing Yuan, and was promoted to company commander and battalion commander. After taking part in the Chengdu street battle of warlords, he was seriously injured. He rose through the ranks as a middle - and lower-ranking officer because of his bravery. In 1920, the Sichuan Army was reorganized and became the commander of the seventh Division. In 1924, he was promoted to commander of the 25th Brigade of the Third Division of the Sichuan Army. He was promoted to division commander in 1925. In 1926, he was appointed commander of the 4th Division of the 29th Army. In 1935, the 29th Army was reorganized into the 41st Army, and he was appointed commander of the 122nd Division of the 41st Army Major general . He was promoted in 1936 Lieutenant general . On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out and he volunteered to resist Japan. On September 6, the anti-Japanese Oath meeting was held at the station. On September 12, he led the department out of the river on foot and went to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War. On 21 October, they went to the Niangziguan area in eastern Shanxi Province to stop the Japanese army's westward advance. October 24th, in Niangzi Pass The southwest East back village, West back village in the middle zone, and the Japanese army encounter . On the 26th, he was ordered to defend Taiyuan and move into Yuci. After occupying North China and Shanghai and Nanjing, the Japanese army attempted to attack from the north and south at the same time, open the Jinpu Road and occupy it Xuzhou . In early 1938, he was ordered to go to Xuzhou, Dangshan County Deploy defense all around. Acting commander of the 41st Army, commanding the front. In February 1938, the Japanese Army captured Yanzhou, Qufu and other cities along the Jinpu Railway. Zou County . Theater command urgent order forty-one army to Teng County. March 14, the Japanese artillery, tanks, aircraft to my position launched a full line of attack, our army with the determination of "there is no enemy, I am invincible", fought hard to save the boundary position. The next day, in order to prevent the enemy's encirclement, he withdrew to Teng County The troops serving as the city defense supported the front line positions and deployed defenses to the northwest of Tengxian County. But the enemy attacked the county seat with a force of more than ten thousand men. At this time, there were only two thousand fighting forces in Tengxian city, and it was very difficult to resist the onslaught of more than ten thousand well-equipped enemy troops. On the 16th, the Japanese began to use heavy artillery against Akagi Bombarded and bombed by planes, the city was emptied of civilians. He clung to the belief that "the city survives and survives, the city dies and dies," and was determined to fight to the death. Dongguan was bombarded by the enemy, the enemy poured in, our army concentrated two or three hundred grenades to throw, the enemy died more than 50 people, so repeated attacks, the enemy died more than 100 people, our army casualties of nearly 100 people. The two sides fought hand to hand. The enemy increased by more than 30,000 people, more than 70 mountain guns, field guns, four or five tanks, and surrounded the county seat of Teng County. On the 17th, the enemy bombarded the county with artillery and aircraft, turning the county into a scorched earth, and then charged under the cover of tanks, and he commanded the troops to launch a thrilling hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. In the critical situation, he personally boarded the city to supervise the war, determined to live and die together with the city. The Japanese invaded from the west city, and the rest of the rate fought with the enemy street, not giving up an inch. During the swim, he was shot in the abdomen and was seriously wounded, bleeding profusely. In order not to be a prisoner, they shouted "Anti-Japanese War to the end", raised their guns and killed themselves. His patriotic spirit and heroic behavior greatly encouraged the morale of all officers and soldiers to fight and fight hard. Teng County defense Battle Persisting for three days and nights, they blocked a large number of Japanese troops from the south invading Xuzhou, so that the troops in southern Shandong won the deployment time, and laid the foundation for the victory of the Taierzhuang War. He gave his life for his country posthumously Army general . When his coffin arrived at Wuhan's Dazhimen railway station in early May, crowds gathered to greet him. The representatives of the Communist Party of China Wu Yuzhang, Dong Biwu, the Eighth Route Army representative Luo Binghui attended the ceremony to welcome the spirit. Zhu De Peng Dehuai, Zhou Enlai jointly wrote the elegiac couplet: "A trip to defend the lonely city, sacrifice for the cause of national liberation, is really the Chinese descendants, Liufang history; The rise of righteous indignation and resistance to Japanese imperialist aggression will bring about the fall of the land and the revival of China." On June 15, 1938, more than 80,000 people in Chengdu went to the bull market to greet the dead, and on August 30, the bones were transported to the Xindu for burial. The next day, tens of thousands of people held a memorial in Sindu, and several planes dropped leaflets announcing his deeds in the sky. Afterwards in Chengdu A surname The park cast a bronze statue of a general riding a horse, expressing the Sichuan people's interest in Anti-japanese hero The reverence. Thirty years old.

Zhao Shangzhi

Zhao Shangzhi (1908 - February 12, 1942), Han, Rehe The rising sun now Liaoning Province Chaoyang City ) People, Northeast anti-Japanese United Army One of the founders and leaders, one of the earliest Communist Party members in the Northeast.

He joined the Communist Party of China in the summer of 1925. Northern Expedition During the period, Zhao Shangzhi organized and engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-warlord revolutionary activities in Northeast China. " The September 18 Incident After Zhao Shangzhi was appointed as Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China Standing Committee, Secretary of the Military Commission. Later, Zhao Shangzhi led the creation of the Communist Party of China Bayan anti-Japanese guerrillas ( Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army 36th Army Independent Division) North Manchu River anti-Japanese guerrilla commander, later Northeast anti-Japanese guerrilla Hadong detachment commander, Northeast People's Revolutionary Army Third army commander, Northeast anti-Japanese United Army third Army commander, North Manchu Resistance League commander, Northeast anti-Japanese United Army commander, deputy commander of the second Route Army of the Northeast Resistance League. Zhao Shangzhihe Li Zhaolin Etc. created Zhuhe River , Yubara Anti-japanese guerrilla base areas. February 12, 1942, Zhao Shangzhi Heilongjiang Province Hegang City Luobei county Died after being badly wounded in battle.

In 2009, Zhao Shangzhi was rated by 11 departments such as the Central Publicity Department and the Central Organization Department. 100 heroes and role models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China ".

Yang Jingyu

Yang Jingyu (1905 ~ 1940), Chinese proletariat Revolutionaries, national heroes, Hubei, Henan and Anhui provinces One of the founders of the Soviet Area and its Red Army, one of the main leaders of the Northeast anti-Japanese United Army. Original name Marchand The word Jisheng. February 26, 1905 (Qing Guang Xu He was born in Henan Province Gushan county Li Wan Village . His father, Ma Xiling, was a poor farmer. Yang Jingyu entered a private school at the age of eight. In 1918, he entered the primary school of Gushan County. In 1923, he entered Kaifeng Textile and Dye Industry School and began to accept Marxism. He joined in June 1925 Communist Youth League of China . In March 1927, in order to meet the victory of the Northern Logging Army, he led the peasant uprising in Gushan. He joined the Communist Party of China in May of the same year. At the beginning of 1928, he was transferred to the Henan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and was arrested and imprisoned three times in Luoyang, Kaifeng and other places. In 1929, he was ordered to go to Northeast China by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Fushun Special Branch Secretary. In the autumn of the same year, he was arrested and kept fighting in prison. After the "September 18" incident in 1931, he was released from prison and served as secretary of the Harbin Municipal Party Committee, member of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee and secretary of the Military Commission, actively leading the anti-Japanese struggle of the Northeast people. Appointed in 1933 Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Thirty-second Army South Manchurian guerrillas political commissar, Northeast People's Revolutionary Army first Independent Division division commander and political commissar. In 1934, he served as general commander of the South Manchurian anti-Japanese United Army, commander and political commissar of the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army. Appointed in 1937 Northeast anti-Japanese United Army The chief commander and political commissar of the First Route Army, with a basic team of more than 6,000 people, distributed around South Manchuria to carry out anti-Japanese struggle. After the Lugou Bridge incident, Yang Jingyu launched a westward expedition and often attacked the Japanese army to support the struggle within the Pass. In May 1938, the South Manchu Party and army cadres were summoned to a meeting to discuss the strategy of sticking to guerrilla warfare. After the meeting, Tonghua City The anti-Japanese struggle was carried out in the Linjiang area and dealt a heavy blow to the enemy forces. In the winter of the same year, the Japanese invaders implemented the inhuman policy of returning to the village and combining households, and colluding with the Japanese armed settlement and immigration, strengthening the destruction of the anti-Japanese base areas in South Manchuria, and the situation of the anti-Japanese Allied forces was more difficult. Yang Jingyu led the first Route Army of more than 1,400 people, entered Changbai Mountain In the thick forest. The following year, in Mengjiang County In the battle with the enemy suffered heavy losses, the team left more than 400 people. In January 1940, in order to solve the problem of army supplies, he ordered the main force of the army to move north, and led a small army to move east. On February 23, he was alone in Mengjiang County, Jilin (today Jingyu county Two roads before the village of an 'an to meet a few villagers, one of them back Datun Leaks to the Japanese puppet authorities; Kwantung Army The expedition team surrounded the general, and urgently summoned the puppet Manchukuo spy team composed of anti-Union traitors to participate in the war; After several hours of fierce fighting, the general was hit by the traitor's machine gun and died heroically.

Sun Liren

Sun Liren The word Fumin, the number Zhong can, Han, Shucheng County, Anhui Province Sanhe (today Feixi County), born in Anhui Province Lujiang River county Jinniu Town . Graduated successively from Tsinghua University , the United States Virginia Military Institute . Republic of China Land force Second class general Rank, 38th division in the first Burma war teacher More than 2,000 enemies were killed in the battle between Mengguan Jebu Mountain passes [1] , Battle of Menkung Valley Killed more than 12,000 Japanese troops, the second time into Burma when the new army Army commander Conquered Bameo, Nankan, Lao Longshan, Nanbaka, Xinwei, Lashio, Qiaomei and other places, killing a total of more than 33,000 Japanese troops. is War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression The generals who destroyed the most Japanese troops in the generals of the army level have" Jungle fox The reputation of "Rommel of the East".

Dai Anlan

Dai Anlan (1904 ~ 1942), general of the National Army, one of the backbone of the Huangpu system. His original name was Dai Bingyang, the word Yangong, and the title Seagull, The Han nationality , Anhui Province Wuwei County Renquan Township (now Hongxiang township Lian Xi community wind and natural village people. The year 1926 Huangpu Military Academy Three years of graduation. Once fought a bloody battle at the mouth of Gubei, after the establishment The Taierzhuang Campaign Some of the battle achievements (fire attack Tao Dun/smart Zhuzhuang/fierce battle Guo Li set), defeated Ruiyang Road Japanese ninth Division main force (is Battle of Wuhan ), repelled the Japanese attack on the Ai Shan position (genus Battle of Xuzhou ), capture Kunlun Pass/kill Nakamura Masao Major general Battle of Kunlun Pass ) and other war achievements, because Kunlun Pass Gain in one service Chiang Kai-shek "The standard young general of our time". It was the first of its kind in World War II United States Medal Of the Chinese military.

In 1942, he led the 200th Division The Chinese Expeditionary Force The vanguard of the army went to Burma to fight. acquire Fight the ancients (Annihilated more than 5,000 enemies, while the Japanese force was four times that of Dai), the recovery of Tangji and other war achievements. On 18 May 1942, he was seriously wounded while commanding a breakout battle in Langke area, and was martyred at 5:40 PM on 26 May in Maobang Village in northern Myanmar. Awarded 17 June 1939 Major general . October 16, 1942, posthumously Lieutenant general .

Ma Zhanshan (November 30, 1885 - November 29, 1950), male, character Xiufang, famous anti-Japanese patriotic general. He was born in Jilin Province on November 30, 1885 Wyder County (now Jilin Province Changchun City Gongzhuling City ), ancestral home Hebei Province Fengrun county (Fengrun District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province). Army lieutenant general with the title of general, known to the world as" Anti-japanese hero ".

Ma Zhanshan was born in Greenlin and made his fortune in Fengshi. The year 1931 The September 18 Incident Ma Zhanshan is here Heilongjiang Province Qiqihar He was appointed as acting chairman and military commander of Heilongjiang Provincial Government and led patriotic officers and soldiers to resist the Japanese invading army. He commanded Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War Fired the first shot of the Chinese people's resistance to Japanese aggression.

Ma Zhanshan

Ma Zhanshan is here The July 7 Incident After that, they returned to the anti-Japanese front line and insisted on armed resistance. During the War of liberation, he ran for peace and made contributions to the peaceful settlement of the Beiping problem.

On November 29, 1950, Ma Zhanshan died in his Beijing apartment at the age of 65.

Yuan Longping (September 7, 1930 - May 22, 2021), winner of the first National Top Science and Technology Award, Father of hybrid rice The traces of history and times experienced by Yuan Longping are exactly what modern Chinese intellectuals have experienced - for science and ideals, even in the trough of The Times and the difficult whirlpool, he still shows the scientific spirit of perseverance and striving for the truth.

In the special period, Yuan Longping could not escape the fate of most intellectuals, one hat after another, which is the concentrated portrayal of the fate of Chinese intellectuals at that time. The generation of Chinese intellectuals represented by Yuan Longping did not compromise and give up in the face of difficulties and hardships, and the erosion of history and The Times did not fade their will, but made their spirit burst out more dazzling light, and their scientific research achievements were transformed into huge productive forces, promoting the urgent need for scientific guidance in China. ^[11]

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