Lunar eclipse

[yuè shí]
Astronomical phenomenon
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This entry was contributed and edited by the Nanjing Association of Astronomy Enthusiasts.
Lunar eclipse, also known as a lunar eclipse, [1] Is a kind of when seleno Run into the Earth's shadow (the shadow is divided umbra and penumbra Two parts) when originally could have been Sun Some or all of the illuminated parts cannot be illuminated by direct sunlight, making them located on Earth observer Can't see ordinary Phase of the moon the Astronomical phenomenon . A lunar eclipse occurs when the sun, Earth, and Moon are in exactly or almost the same line, so a lunar eclipse must occur on the night of a full moon (15th, 16th, or 17th lunar calendar), such as Shuowen By "..." Solar eclipse A new moon, a lunar eclipse." "Shuo" refers to the first day of the lunar calendar, "Wang" refers to the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar. Earth shadow locate Earth revolution Orbital plane ( Ecliptic plane This plane is identical to the lunar orbital plane ( White path Surface) does not coincide, the intersection Angle of yellow and white channels is about 5 degrees; During most full moons, the moon is not in the ecliptic plane, but is either north or south of the Earth's shadow, so a lunar eclipse does not occur during every full moon. Lunar eclipses occur at least twice a year. [2] [6]
In 2024, two lunar eclipses will occur on March 25 (penumbral lunar eclipse) and September 18 (partial lunar eclipse).
Chinese name
Lunar eclipse
Foreign name
Lunar eclipse
alias
The dog eats the moon
Generic type
Astronomical phenomenon
Occurrence time
Chinese calendar About fifteen
Application field
astronomy

Eclipse type

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EDITOR
  • There are three types of lunar eclipses
1. Total lunar eclipse : When the entire moon enters the Earth's umbra. The last total lunar eclipse will occur on May 26, 2021.
2. Partial lunar eclipse When only part of the moon enters the Earth's umbra, a partial lunar eclipse occurs before and after it. The most recent partial lunar eclipse occurred on November 19, 2021.
3. Penumbral lunar eclipse At this time, the moon only passes over the Earth's penumbra, causing a slight reduction in the luminosity of the moon's surface, so it is less noticeable. The last penumbral lunar eclipse occurred on June 5, 2020.
Since the Earth's umbra is much larger than the Moon's, this also means that in the event of a total lunar eclipse, the moon will completely enter the Earth's umbra zone, so it will never appear Annular lunar eclipse This phenomenon.

Eclipse process

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EDITOR
Lunar eclipse after the penumbral eclipse begins: the moon just and Penumbra area Contact. It's invisible to the naked eye. The process of an official lunar eclipse is divided into First diapause , eclipse , Eclipse severity Five stages, light, recovery. [1]
1. Beginning of penumbral eclipse: The moon has just touched the penumbral region, when the moon's surface brightness is slightly reduced, but it is more difficult to detect with the naked eye.
2. First waning (partial and total eclipses only) : marks the beginning of a lunar eclipse. The moon enters slowly from the eastern rim Earth shadow The moon and the Earth's umbra cut out for the first time.
3. Eclipse Both (total lunar eclipse only) : The moon enters the Earth's umbra and is first incised with the umbra. The moon is all inside the Earth's umbra.
4. Eclipse: The moment when the center of the moon's circle is closest to the center of the Earth's umbra, when the surface of the moon is reddish copper or dark red. [Reason: sunlight Go by Earth atmosphere When refraction occurs, the light is deflected inward, but the degree of deflection of each light is not the same ( dispersion ), red light is the most deflected and closest Earth shadow , reflected on the moon; In addition, due to atmosphere The amount and location of dust and clouds, Ray deflection The degree varies, so the moon is dark red, coppery, or orange during a total lunar eclipse. In the same way, due to the refraction of the atmosphere, sunrise and sunset are not white, but because of the height Atmospheric refraction Varying degrees, orange or red. ]
5. Light (only months Total eclipse ) : The moon moves within the Earth's umbra and is incised a second time with the Earth's umbra. The eastern edge of the moon is tangent to the eastern edge of the Earth's umbra, at which point the totality phase ends.
6. Compound circle (partial eclipse and total eclipse only) : The moon gradually leaves the Earth's umbra, and the Earth's umbra is cut out for a second time. The western edge of the moon is tangent to the eastern edge of the Earth's umbra, and the eclipse is complete. The extent to which the moon is eclipsed is called" Magnitude of eclipse It is equal to the ratio of the farthest distance of the moon's rim into the Earth's umbra and the moon's apparent longitude at the time of eclipse.
Seven. penumbra End of eclipse: The moon leaves the penumbra and the eclipse is officially over. A partial lunar eclipse has no eclipse, no light-generating process, and even an eclipse only represents the moment closest to the Earth's shadow. [2]
The magnitude of a lunar eclipse is indicated by the eclipse fraction. Eclipse is equal to eclipse when the moon Apparent diameter The ratio of the portion entering the umbra at the time of eclipse to the apparent diameter of the moon. When the eclipse is severe, such as the moon and the umbra, the eclipse is equal to 1. When the eclipse is severe, as when the moon is deeper into the umbra, the eclipse is represented by a number greater than 1. A total lunar eclipse has an eclipse component greater than or equal to 1. Partial food is less than 1. Penumbral lunar eclipse The eclipse is expressed as the ratio of the moon's diameter into the penumbra to the moon's apparent diameter. A penumbral eclipse is visible to the naked eye only when the eclipse is larger than 0.7. [3]
Total eclipse

Time of occurrence

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EDITOR
A lunar eclipse must occur in "Wang", when the moon phase is full, generally appearing on a day from 14 to 17 lunar calendar. [7] On the 15th and 16th of the lunar calendar, the moon moves in the direction opposite the sun. At this time, if the centers of the Earth and the moon are roughly in line, the moon will enter the Earth's umbra, resulting in a total lunar eclipse. [4]
A partial lunar eclipse occurs when only part of the moon enters the Earth's umbra. When the moon enters the Earth's penumbra, it should be Penumbral eclipse But because its brightness is weakened very little, it is not easy to detect, so it is not called a lunar eclipse, so there are only two kinds of lunar eclipse and partial lunar eclipse.
Lunar eclipses occur in sight (full moon), but they do not occur every time the moon is seen, and they do not occur every new moon Solar eclipse It's the same thing. The phenomenon in which the moon is completely or partially obscured by the Earth's shadow. Lunar eclipses usually occur on the last day, i.e The lunar calendar The 15th or 16th of every month, at this time Earth motion to Sun And the moon, but not every day May happen Lunar eclipse, because the zodiacal and White path Between... Crossing Angle Exists, so only in the lunar night, the moon and the continuous photos of the eclipse, visible to the Earth's shadow to the ecliptic and white near the intersection of the Earth observer To see the lunar eclipse. Lunar eclipses usually occur twice a year.
solar Diameter ratio The diameter of the Earth is much larger, and the Earth's shadow can be divided into umbra and penumbra. The diameter of the Earth is about four times that of the moon Lunar orbit Earth's umbra is still 2.5 times the diameter of the Moon. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is always only partially covered by the Earth's umbra. A total lunar eclipse is seen when the full moon enters the Earth's umbra.
If the moon enters the penumbra area, the sun's light can also be covered up some, this phenomenon is called penumbra lunar eclipse in astronomy, but because the sunlight in the penumbra area is still very strong, in most cases penumbra lunar eclipse is not easy to distinguish with the naked eye, but in fact penumbra lunar eclipse is often occurred, according to the observation data statistics, every century penumbra lunar eclipse, partial lunar eclipse, total lunar eclipse occurred percent About 36.60%, 34.46% and 28.94%. [2]

Lunar eclipse table

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EDITOR
Table of lunar eclipses from 2006 to 2104
date
Magnitude of eclipse
First diapause
eclipse
Eclipse severity
Green light
Return of a circle
Duration of totality
Duration of lunar eclipse
2006.09.08
0.189
02:05
-----
02:51
-----
03:38
-----
92.6
2007.03.04
1.237
05:30
06:44
07:21
07:58
09:12
74.2
221.7
2007.08.28
1.481
16:51
17:52
18:37
19:23
20:24
90.7
212.9
2008.02.21
1.111
09:43
11:01
11:26
11:51
13:09
51.0
206.1
2008.08.17
0.813
03:36
-----
05:10
-----
06:45
-----
188.9
2010.01.01
0.082
02:51
-----
03:23
-----
03:54
-----
62.2
2010.06.26
0.542
18:16
-----
19:38
-----
21:00
-----
163.7
2010.12.21
1.261
14:32
15:40
16:17
16:53
18:01
73.2
209.3
2011.06.16
1.705
02:22
03:22
04:12
05:03
06:02
100.9
219.9
2011.12.10
1.110
20:45
22:06
22:32
22:58
00:18
52.3
212.9
2012.06.04
0.376
17:59
-----
19:03
-----
20:07
-----
127.7
2013.04.26
0.020
03:52
-----
04:07
-----
04:23
-----
31.6
2014.04.15
1.296
13:58
15:06
15:45
16:25
17:33
78.6
215.4
2014.10.08
1.171
17:14
18:24
18:54
19:24
20:34
59.9
200.2
2015.04.04
1.005
18:15
19:54
20:00
20:06
21:45
12.3
209.7
2015.09.28
1.282
09:07
10:11
10:47
11:23
12:27
72.8
200.6
2017.08.08
0.251
01:22
-----
02:20
-----
03:19
-----
116.5
2018.01.31
1.321
19:48
20:51
21:30
22:08
23:11
76.9
203.4
2018.07.28
1.613
02:24
03:30
04:21
05:13
06:19
103.6
235.2
2019.01.21
1.201
11:33
12:41
13:12
13:44
14:51
63.0
197.4
2019.07.17
0.658
04:01
-----
05:30
-----
07:00
-----
178.7
2021.05.26
1.015
17:44
19:09
19:18
19:28
20:53
18.6
188.2
2021.11.19
0.978
15:18
-----
17:03
-----
18:47
-----
209.0
2022.05.16
1.419
10:27
11:28
12:11
12:54
13:55
85.6
207.9
2022.11.08
1.364
17:09
18:16
18:59
19:42
20:49
85.7
220.5
2023.10.29
0.127
03:34
-----
04:14
-----
04:53
-----
79.1
2024.09.18
0.091
10:11
-----
10:44
-----
11:16
-----
64.9
2025.03.14
1.183
13:09
14:25
14:58
15:32
16:48
66.4
218.9
2025.09.08
1.367
00:26
01:30
02:11
02:53
03:56
82.9
210.1
2026.03.03
1.156
17:49
19:04
19:33
20:03
21:17
59.4
207.8
2026.08.28
0.935
10:33
-----
12:13
-----
13:52
-----
198.9
2028.01.12
0.072
11:44
-----
12:13
-----
12:42
-----
58.4
2028.07.07
0.394
01:08
-----
02:19
-----
03:31
-----
142.5
2028.12.31
1.251
23:07
00:16
00:52
01:28
02:36
72.2
209.5
2029.06.26
1.849
09:32
10:30
11:22
12:13
13:12
102.5
220.2
2029.12.21
1.122
04:55
06:14
06:42
07:09
08:29
54.7
213.9
2030.06.16
0.508
01:20
-----
02:33
-----
03:46
-----
145.4
2032.04.25
1.196
21:27
22:40
23:13
23:46
00:59
66.5
211.9
2032.10.19
1.108
01:24
02:38
03:02
03:26
04:40
48.5
196.6
2033.04.15
1.099
01:24
02:47
03:12
03:37
05:00
50.5
215.7
2033.10.08
1.355
17:13
18:15
18:55
19:35
20:36
79.6
203.1
2034.09.28
0.020
10:30
-----
10:46
-----
11:02
-----
31.4
2035.08.19
0.109
08:31
-----
09:11
-----
09:50
-----
78.4
2036.02.12
1.305
04:30
05:34
06:11
06:49
07:53
75.3
202.6
2036.08.07
1.459
08:55
10:03
10:51
11:39
12:47
96.0
232.0
2037.01.31
1.213
20:21
21:28
22:00
22:32
23:39
64.7
198.2
2037.07.27
0.814
10:32
-----
12:08
-----
13:45
-----
193.2
2039.06.07
0.891
01:23
-----
02:53
-----
04:23
-----
180.1
2039.11.30
0.947
23:11
-----
00:55
-----
02:38
-----
206.6
2040.05.26
1.540
17:59
18:58
19:45
20:31
21:30
93.0
211.4
2040.11.19
1.402
01:12
02:19
03:03
03:47
04:53
88.5
221.1
2041.05.16
0.070
08:11
-----
08:41
-----
09:12
-----
60.8
2041.11.08
0.175
11:47
-----
12:33
-----
13:19
-----
91.9
2042.09.29
0.003
18:38
-----
18:44
-----
18:50
-----
11.2
2043.03.25
1.119
20:43
22:03
22:30
22:57
00:18
54.6
215.3
2043.09.19
1.261
08:07
09:14
09:50
10:26
11:33
72.6
206.3
2044.03.14
1.208
01:52
03:03
03:37
04:10
05:21
67.3
209.7
2044.09.07
1.051
17:35
19:01
19:19
19:37
21:02
35.8
206.9
2046.01.22
0.059
20:34
-----
21:01
-----
21:27
-----
53.0
2046.07.18
0.251
08:06
-----
09:04
-----
10:02
-----
115.8
2047.01.12
1.239
07:40
08:49
09:24
10:00
11:09
70.9
209.5
2047.07.07
1.757
16:44
17:43
18:34
19:25
20:23
101.5
219.2
2048.01.01
1.132
13:05
14:23
14:52
15:20
16:39
57.0
214.9
2048.06.26
0.645
08:40
-----
10:00
-----
11:21
-----
160.1
2050.05.07
1.082
04:47
06:08
06:30
06:52
08:13
44.6
206.7
2050.10.30
1.059
09:43
11:02
11:20
11:38
12:57
36.3
193.6
2051.04.26
1.207
08:24
09:39
10:14
10:50
12:05
70.5
221.5
2051.10.20
1.417
01:27
02:28
03:10
03:52
04:52
84.3
205.0
2052.10.08
0.087
18:11
-----
18:44
-----
19:17
-----
65.4
2054.02.22
1.282
13:09
14:13
14:49
15:26
16:30
73.0
201.6
2054.08.18
1.311
15:31
16:43
17:24
18:06
19:18
83.7
227.2
2055.02.12
1.230
05:05
06:11
06:44
07:18
08:24
67.0
199.1
2055.08.07
0.964
17:09
-----
18:51
-----
20:33
-----
204.1
2057.06.17
0.761
08:59
-----
10:24
-----
11:49
-----
170.2
2057.12.11
0.922
07:09
-----
08:51
-----
10:34
-----
204.7
2058.06.07
1.667
01:27
02:25
03:14
04:03
05:01
98.0
214.0
2058.11.30
1.431
09:23
10:29
11:14
11:59
13:05
90.4
221.3
2059.05.27
0.188
15:04
-----
15:53
-----
16:43
-----
98.6
2059.11.19
0.213
20:09
-----
20:59
-----
21:50
-----
100.6
2061.04.05
1.039
04:07
05:36
05:52
06:08
07:37
32.0
210.3
2061.09.29
1.167
15:54
17:06
17:36
18:06
19:18
60.1
203.1
2062.03.25
1.274
09:46
10:54
11:32
12:09
13:18
75.5
212.0
2062.09.19
1.155
00:45
02:01
02:32
03:02
04:18
60.6
213.1
2063.03.14
0.040
23:42
-----
00:04
-----
00:25
-----
43.8
2064.02.03
0.043
05:24
-----
05:47
-----
06:10
-----
45.7
2064.07.28
0.109
15:12
-----
15:50
-----
16:29
-----
77.5
2065.01.22
1.228
16:12
17:22
17:57
18:32
19:42
69.7
209.6
2065.07.17
1.618
23:58
00:57
01:46
02:35
03:35
97.7
216.9
2066.01.11
1.142
21:15
22:33
23:02
23:32
00:50
58.9
215.8
2066.07.07
0.781
16:02
-----
17:28
-----
18:54
-----
172.2
2068.05.17
0.958
12:00
-----
13:40
-----
15:20
-----
199.7
2068.11.09
1.021
18:09
19:34
19:45
19:55
21:20
21.6
191.0
2069.05.06
1.328
15:14
16:25
17:08
17:50
19:01
85.1
226.8
2069.10.30
1.467
09:50
10:49
11:33
12:16
13:16
87.5
206.3
2070.10.20
0.144
02:07
-----
02:49
-----
03:30
-----
83.3
2072.03.04
1.250
21:41
22:46
23:21
23:55
01:01
69.4
200.1
2072.08.28
1.171
22:13
23:31
00:03
00:36
01:54
65.2
221.0
2073.02.22
1.256
13:42
14:47
15:22
15:57
17:03
70.1
200.4
2073.08.17
1.106
23:54
01:14
01:40
02:06
03:26
51.4
212.2
2075.06.28
0.628
16:34
-----
17:53
-----
19:12
-----
157.9
2075.12.22
0.905
15:12
-----
16:53
-----
18:35
-----
203.2
2076.06.17
1.800
08:49
09:47
10:37
11:28
12:25
100.8
215.8
2076.12.10
1.451
17:42
18:47
19:32
20:18
21:23
91.5
221.2
2077.06.06
0.317
21:54
-----
22:57
-----
00:00
-----
126.2
2077.11.30
0.241
04:40
-----
05:33
-----
06:26
-----
106.3
2079.04.16
0.950
11:26
-----
13:08
-----
14:50
-----
204.1
2079.10.10
1.084
23:48
01:06
01:28
01:50
03:08
43.8
199.4
2080.04.04
1.351
17:34
18:40
19:21
20:02
21:08
82.9
214.2
2080.09.29
1.249
08:01
09:13
09:50
10:27
11:39
74.6
218
2081.03.25
0.101
07:45
-----
08:19
-----
08:54
-----
69.1
2082.02.13
0.019
14:11
-----
14:27
-----
14:42
-----
30.4
2083.02.03
1.210
00:39
01:50
02:24
02:58
04:09
67.5
209.4
2083.07.29
1.483
07:16
08:17
09:03
09:48
10:50
91.1
213.6
2084.01.23
1.156
05:22
06:40
07:10
07:41
08:59
61.5
216.9
2084.07.17
0.918
23:25
-----
00:56
-----
02:27
-----
182.2
2086.05.28
0.822
19:06
-----
20:41
-----
22:16
-----
190.2
2086.11.21
0.992
02:42
-----
04:17
-----
05:51
-----
188.9
2087.05.17
1.460
21:57
23:05
23:53
00:40
01:48
95.8
231.3
2087.11.10
1.506
18:19
19:18
20:03
20:48
21:46
89.6
207.2
2088.05.05
0.107
23:34
-----
00:14
-----
00:53
-----
79.0
2088.10.30
0.188
10:13
-----
11:00
-----
11:48
-----
95.1
2090.03.16
1.207
06:07
07:14
07:46
08:18
09:25
64.0
198.2
2090.09.09
1.042
05:03
06:33
06:50
07:06
08:36
33.8
213.8
2091.03.05
1.289
22:14
23:19
23:55
00:32
01:36
73.8
202.0
2091.08.29
1.240
06:46
07:59
08:35
09:12
10:25
73.7
218.2
2093.07.09
0.493
00:10
-----
01:21
-----
02:33
-----
142.9
2094.01.01
0.891
23:16
-----
00:57
-----
02:38
-----
201.9
2094.06.28
1.829
16:11
17:08
17:59
18:50
19:47
101.3
216.4
2094.12.22
1.468
02:03
03:07
03:54
04:40
05:44
92.3
221.1
2095.06.18
0.451
04:43
-----
05:57
-----
07:11
-----
147.9
2095.12.11
0.262
13:17
-----
14:12
-----
15:07
-----
110.2
2097.04.26
0.847
18:37
-----
20:15
-----
21:53
-----
195.9
2097.10.21
1.015
07:50
09:18
09:28
09:37
11:06
18.9
195.9
2098.04.16
1.442
01:13
02:17
03:02
03:47
04:50
89.7
216.5
2098.10.10
1.329
15:26
16:35
17:17
17:59
19:08
83.5
221.7
2099.04.05
0.174
15:43
-----
16:28
-----
17:13
-----
89.6
2101.02.14
1.188
09:02
10:15
10:47
11:19
12:31
64.4
209.0
2101.08.09
1.351
14:38
15:42
16:22
17:03
18:07
81.5
209.1
2102.02.03
1.173
13:26
14:43
15:15
15:47
17:04
64.5
218.1
2102.07.30
1.051
06:51
08:09
08:26
08:43
10:01
33.4
190.2
2104.06.09
0.679
02:07
-----
03:35
-----
05:04
-----
177.6

Historical record

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EDITOR
Lunar eclipse
In 2283 BC, Mesopotamia The world's oldest record of a lunar eclipse is the first recorded in the world, followed by a Chinese eclipse in 1136 BC. Lunar eclipses have always promoted the development of human understanding. Ancient China with Africa Folk believe that a lunar eclipse is a "heavenly dog swallowing the moon" and must be driven away by beating drums and gongs Heavenly dog . In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng He believed that the earth went to the front of the moon to block the sun's light, "The rush of the day, the light is often inconsistent, covered in the ground, is called. Dark vacuity In the stars, the stars are faint, and in the moon, the moon is eclipsed."
In the 4th century BC, Aristotle The shadow of the Earth seen during a lunar eclipse is round, and it is inferred that the Earth is spherical. 3rd century BC Ancient Greek astronomer Oh, Aristarchus Aristarchus and the 2nd century BC ibagok Hipparchus both proposed lunar eclipses to determine the relative size of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. Ibaku was also raised in two places far apart Simultaneous observation Lunar eclipse, to measure Geographical longitude .
In the 2nd century, Ptolemy The use of ancient eclipse records to study the motion of the moon continues to this day. In rocket and Artificial earth satellite Before the advent of lunar eclipses, scientists had been exploring the Earth by observing them Atmospheric structure . [5]

Eclipse record

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EDITOR
In the early hours of October 29, 2023, there will be a partial lunar eclipse. [8]
In 2024, two lunar eclipses will occur on March 25 (penumbral lunar eclipse) and September 18 (partial lunar eclipse). [9]