Dress to cross the south

The idiom "dress to cross the south" refers to the civilization of the Central Plains Large-scale transfer To the south of China.

1. Clothes and crowns. In ancient times, scholars wore crowns because they were used to refer to the clothing of scholars.

2, generally refers to clothing, wear.

3. Dress specifically.

4, on behalf of the official, literati.

5. By virtue of civilized ethics. ^[1]

Also known as "South Degree". Crossing the water and moving south. Emperor Yuan of Jin and Emperor Gaozong of Song both crossed the river Yangtse River Moved to the south to build the capital, so the history called Nandu. ^[1]

It is generally believed that from Chinese civilization Born until The Northern Song Dynasty (960-907) Most of the time Central Plains The regions are cultural and economic centers. Accompanied by war, political turmoil, population, political changes on the ground, etc. Chinese history There were three large-scale cultures, Economic center The transfer of, Literary circle It is generally described as a "dress to cross the south", but historians generally only refer to the Central Plains regime to move south Yongjia south ferry , Jian Yan south ferry For the special "Yiguan Nan Du" (historical researchers also have three names), usually before the word to add a prefix, such as "Yongjia Yiguan Nan du", "Tang Yiguan Nan Du", "Jianyan Yiguan Nan du" ^[12] Etc., to show the difference. ^{[2] [4]} Although the three times of South crossing, all out of the political turmoil in the north and the south to avoid chaos, but objectively nourish and enhance the southern culture. ^[14]

"Successive subjugation of the state is insignificant, but The Southern Song Dynasty If we die, our clothes and cultural relics will also die!" Wang Fuzhi The "clothes" we are sad about actually refer to civilization. Feng Youlan In the title "National Southwestern Union University Monument The inscription reads: "In the annals of history, if my nation can not be based on the Central Plains, Bianan river table, called the south crossing." Those who crossed to the south could not return to the north. Jin people south ferry, its example also; The Song people to the south, its example two also; There are three examples of people crossing the south. Scenery is not special, Jin people deep sorrow; Return our rivers and mountains, the Song people wish. This is our fourth voyage to the south, Neng In less than ten years, the full benefits of recovery, Yu Xin Do not mourn the south, Du Fu Congratulate the harvest Thistle north This is a memorable four." ^{[10] [13]}

This is the Central Plains regime and civilization for the first time to move south, from the west to the capital division of Luoyang Kien Kang (now Nanjing ). The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597) 晋怀帝 , Emperor Min of Jin In the period of the Central Plains, large-scale wars continued to migrate to the Central Plains Xiongnu, an ancient nationality in China , Xianbei (a county in Shanxi Province) Ethnic groups such as, Ji, Di and Qiang gradually established their own monarchy The regime, History says Five wild flowers ^[8-9] And eventually become The disaster of Yongjia The central court was threatened. During the Jin Jianwu period, Emperor Yuan of Jin Led the Han subjects of the Central Plains to cross from the capital Luoyang to the south, known in history as" The Yongjia Rebellion This was the first large-scale southern migration in the Central Plains.

after The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597) After crossing the river, the Central Plains intelligentsia When the people flee south with them, Royal advisor The northern intellectuals who rely on the southern crossing, unite Jiang Dong Strong, help Sima Rui in Kien Kang (now Nanjing The capital is established The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907) The regime.

After the Jin rulers crossed to the south, Chinese history entered The Northern and Southern Dynasties Time. This was the first major southward movement. ^[2-4] After this time, the cultural center of China began to shift to the south. ^[7]

The tang dynasty An Lushan , Shi Siming The army rose against the Tang Dynasty, known in history as" The Rebellion of An Shi This rebellion was the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The Anshi Rebellion began in 755 ( Emperor Xuanzong of Tang From the fourteenth year of Trimble to 762 ( Emperor of Tang Dynasty Baoying County The first year) ended, before and after seven years, and the influence on the late Tang Dynasty was especially huge. Subsequently, the northern Hu invaded the Central Plains, and the Tang Dynasty entered an era of war and vassal division, and then the more chaotic period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang, another descendant of the Li family (Li 昪) occupied the orthodox dynasty established by Li 昪 in the south and made Jiangning (still today's Nanjing) the capital of the Southern Tang, that is, the Southern Tang. Subsequently, a large number of the population of the Central Plains migrated to the south for the second time. Since then, the gap between the southern region and the northern central Plains has begun to narrow, and some scholars even believe that the population of the north and the south has even approached equilibrium.

Since then, several large shifts in population, economy and cultural centers in Chinese history have generally been referred to as "South of the River" (Note: However, the academic application of history and literature is slightly different, see below). For example: the Mingshan Great migration to the West, the Qing Lake to fill Sichuan and other events of the southern migration of the Central Plains, but the rigorous historians generally do not generally use the formal "Yi Guan Nan Du" to call these later migrations, Yi Guan Nan Du generally refers to the Eastern Jin, Southern Tang and Southern Song only three events, and sometimes even only refer to the Eastern Jin and Southern Song regimes. ^{[2] [5]}

To sum up, it is generally believed that the late Tang Dynasty Five dynasties and ten Kingdoms This time, the dress of the South crossing, to a certain extent, created the economic and humanistic foundation of Jiangnan. ^[2]

In 1126 ( Jingkang The northern Jin Army conquered the Song Dynasty capital Bianjing . In March 1127 (Jingkang 2 years), the Jin army after a massive raid, established Zhang Bangchang For the Chu emperor, the expulsion of Hui, Qin two emperors and clan returned to the north, the Northern Song Dynasty died. Known historically as" Change of Jingkang ", or "The Difficulty of Jingkang"," The disaster of Jingkang "," Jingkang's shame ". The Han rulers, dressed in the south, were established in Hangzhou The Southern Song Dynasty . Han people in central plains ^[11] There was a massive migration to the south. Later, the Mongol Yuan occupied the Central Plains, and the Central Plains were seriously damaged. south Areas south of the Yangtze River As the ruling center of the Southern Song Dynasty, the region replaced the Central Plains and became the new economic center. The southern crossing, which took place in 1127 (i.e Zhao Gou Jian Yan first year, Jingkang two years), so also called Jian Yan south ferry .

It is generally believed that after these three major large-scale southward migrations, the economic center eventually transferred from the Central Plains to the Jiangnan area.

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