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Yao, also known as Tang Yao.
[79]
[81-82]
The Emperor 喾
His son, surnamed Qi, named Fangxun, was originally sealed in the Tang Dynasty, so he was called Tao Tang.
[80]
Emperor Zhi of Yao Dynasty was the son of Heaven, all
Binh Duong
.
[1]
[80]
In the troubled times of the struggle for supremacy, he united his relatives, united friends, conquered the four Yi, unified the Huaxia, and was elected as the leader of the League of Nations. During the reign of Emperor Yao, he sent a master archer, Hou Yi, to shoot the sun
Gun
They controlled the waters, established calendars, promoted farming, and overhauled officials.
[3]
After 28 years on the throne, Yao died of illness
Rese
(now
Shandong (Province)
province
Heze (a county in Shandong Province)
City), buried in the Valley forest (
Shandong (Province)
province
Heze (a county in Shandong Province)
The city
Juancheng (a county in Shandong Province)
), posthumous title Yao, be
Sima Qian
Regarded as "the most ideal monarch".
(Overview map Source:
[5]
)
- Full name
- Yao
- age
- Ancient times
- Place of death
- Rese (now Shandong (Province) province Heze (a county in Shandong Province) Ciudad)
- mausoleum
- Valley Forest Shandong (Province) province Heze (a county in Shandong Province) The city Juancheng (a county in Shandong Province) )
- Place of burial
- Shandong (Province) province Heze (a county in Shandong Province) The city Juancheng (a county in Shandong Province)
- Major achievement
- start The abdication system ; Establish a libel tree; Control floods; Promulgate the farming season; The invention of Go
- eigenname
- Qi Fangxun
- Posthumous title
- yao
- son
- Danju
- daughter
- The emperor's daughter Ying
- son-in-law
- shun
- grandson
- Shangjun County
catalogue
- 1biography
- ▪The emperor Yao was born.
- ▪Sealed by the Tang
- ▪successor
- ▪Give way to Yu Shun
- ▪Buried in the valley
- 2Administrative measures
- ▪Perfect politics
- ▪Flood control
- ▪calendaring
- 3Major influence
- 4Historical evaluation
- 5Anecdotal allusion
- ▪Birth legend
- ▪Listen to remonstrance diligently and frugally
- ▪Visit the virtuous
- ▪Confucian and ink school
- ▪Invent and make wine
- ▪Create Go
- ▪Dragon Totem
Yao is posthumous title, the real name Qi Fangxun, born in
Yellow Emperor
The family is the descendants of the Yellow Emperor's 12 sons Qi (also called Qian Qi and Yi Qi because they moved to the fiefdom).
At the age of 13, Yao received the title of Qidi, and at the age of 15, he made his capital in Taotang.
Twenty years old, Yao Dynasty
Emperor Zhi
For the Son of Heaven.
[1]
all
Binh Duong
(now Linfen, Shanxi). Set up official posts, life
Xi Zhong
,
A surname
When He Zhong and He Shu separated from the east, south, west and north, they observed the celestial phenomena and formulated a calendar to teach the people, they were called "four Yue". It was a time when the flood flowed in all directions, destroyed the mountains, washed away the fields, and the people suffered. Yao wanted to control the flood, "four Yue" recommended Gun to control the water, nine years failed.
[4]
In his later years, Yao took the throne, followed by Shun.
[4]
Yao died 28 years after his abdication and was buried in Gulin.
Shandong (Province)
province
Heze (a county in Shandong Province)
The city
Juancheng county
).
[7]
In the early days of Yao's reign, there was no basic state system, and the country was only a federation of tribes, very loose, which was not conducive to the unified management of the country. Therefore, after Yao accumulated certain experience in administration, he began to establish a national political system, one of the most important items was to appoint officials according to various government affairs, and establish a relatively systematic political system for the first time in Chinese history
Slave state
The production of laid the foundation.
[8]
Qiyao was in primitive society, when Qiyao was young, the river level covered the central part of Shanxi Province, only the mountains and hills suitable for human habitation, Emperor Yao was able to control the water level and became the son of heaven, after the river control formed two large lakes, Qizeobu Zhaoyu (time makes it gradually smaller, has become a human habitation) and Jinyang Lake.
Emperor Yao in Ming Wang Qi's Three Talents
The contending of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period had a profound influence on Chinese culture. They use "archaeology" to determine the era of the holy king in their hearts, and even "fake history" and fictional characters. So mythological history has become a history of belief, and the characters in mythological legends have also become documented historical figures. In Guoyu · Lu Shang, Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Di 喾, Yao and Shun have entered into the sequence of the five emperors after tomorrow, but 鮌(Gun), Yu, Qi and Ming are also in this sequence. However, we can not see the kinship between them, especially emperor 喾 and Yao do not belong to the Yellow Emperor and Zhuanxu.
The ancient figures that Confucius and Mencius, the founder of Confucianism, most admired were not Yan Di and Huang Di, but Yao, Shun and Yu, so they praised Yao, Shun and Yu and fabricated the history of their Zen abandments, but they did not include them in the same blood system, so "Menzi · Li Lou Xia" said: "Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to negative Xia, died in Mingtiao, the people of East Yi." This should be close to the myth of the truth. The name "Five emperors" is a product of the Warring States period. It was not until the middle and late Warring States period that the name "Five emperors" appeared. From the existing materials, in the middle and late Warring States period, the "five emperors" were not fixed. It was not until the end of the Warring States period that the names of the five ancient emperors were finally established: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Di 喾, Di Yao and Di Shun. This genealogy is an important milestone in the historicization of ancient myths. Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian adopted the Five Emperors system of the Five Emperors and the Five Emperors System. According to the lineage of the five emperors listed by Sima Qian, Yao was the grandson of the fourth Yellow Emperor. With the time and space of myth being crowded out, myth and legend changed their nature, mythological characters changed their identities, and myth completed its historicization process.
[83]
The Book of the Ancients: "Say if you look at the ancients. Emperor Yao Yue put Xun. Peace of mind and peace of mind. Allow Gong Ke let, light is four tables, lattice above and below. Keming Junde, to pro nine. The nine ethnic groups are harmonious, and the people are peaceful. The people are clear, the harmony is universal, and the people are in change."
[10]
"
Analects of Confucius
· Tabor: "Great! Yao is the king also, the mighty is only heaven is big, only Yao is it."
[10]
Han Feizi
Han Feizi · Wujiao
"The king of Yao, the world also, grass is not grass, the rafters are not hacked; Alcohol and prostitution are endemic; Winter fur 麑, summer kudzu; Although the prison service is not deficient in this."
[11]
Lv Buwei
"
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals
· Call Category Chapter: "Yao fought at Danshui Pu to subdue Nan Man."
[10]
Liu De
"To the world, and to the poor people." Pain of the people's SINS, worry about the failure of sentient beings. If a people hunger, say, this I hunger also; There is a cold said, this I cold also; If a people is guilty, say, I am caught."
[12]
Emperor Wu of Han
"The ancient emperor fan, all generations of civil teachers, the beginning of the civilization, the world respected."
[13]
Liu An
"
Huainan Zi · Benjing training
"In the time of Yao, ten days and out, scorched grain, killing vegetation, and the people had nothing to eat."
猰 Yu
,
Tooth chisel
,
Nine babies
,
gale
Sealed herba
Snake repairing
All harm the people."
[10]
Sima Qian
"Shiji · Five Emperors Benji" : "His benevolence is like heaven, his knowledge is like God. Like the sun, like a cloud. Rich but not arrogant, expensive but not comfortable. Yellow collect pure clothes, red car by white horse. Can understand the discipline, to the nine families. The nine ethnic groups are harmonious, then chapter of the people. The people make themselves known and unite the nations."
[14, 15]
Liu Xie
"
A literary mind and a dragon
· Timing ":" In the Tao Tang Dynasty, De Sheng Huajun, wild old spit 'He Li', suburban children contain 'do not know' song. There is a Yu following the work, the political fu people are busy, the wind chant after the yuan, 'rotten cloud' song in the ministers. What is the best? The heart is happy and the sound is also. To Dayu applied soil, nine sequence chant gong, into Tang Shengjing, 'Yi wipe' as a tribute. Catch Ji Wen's virtue sheng, "Zhou Nan" often without complaining; The King's Chun, "Binfeng" happy but not lewd. Faint and "plate", "swing" anger, flat Wang Wei and "millet away" sad. As The Times go by, the wind moves above, while the waves shake below."
[16]
Fan Zhongyan
"Through the ages, like the sun, majestic and good." Yu ping 浲 water, Shun also caused the wind. Jianghai creatures outside, Qiankun lock let in. Villagers do not know this, Xiao drum Xie Nian feng. "
[15]
rhododendron
"
Road history
"Diligence is not enough, but thrift is enough." (2) "Qin Ming Wen thought, the expert is careful, filial piety, kindness, benevolence, respect, so that people know the way of children." Benevolence is applied to the people, and virtue is applied to the four seas."
[18]
Legend has it that the third wife of ancient Di Di 喾 was named Qingdu, the daughter of Yi Qi Marquis (named "Chen Feng's daughter" in the Records of the Grand Historian). After the marriage of Qingdu still keep the family, at the end of the first month of spring, Qingdu and his parents took a boat to visit the three rivers, at noon there appeared a dancing red dragon. The next day, a smaller red dragon appeared. At night, Qing couldn't sleep. She closed her eyes and puckered her lips to laugh. In the gloom of the gloom, the red dragon jumped on her, and when she woke up, she was still stained with saliva foam, and beside her was a picture of a red figure with a sharp and full face, eight eyebrows, and long hair, and the words: Also Blessed by God. And then she got pregnant. Fourteen months later, she gave birth to a son who looked exactly like the man in the picture. Filial son emperor 喾's mother died at this time, emperor 喾 for his mother's death into tears, and then for his mother three years in mourning, completely ignoring the Qing and son. Qingdu took his son to live in his mother's house, raised his son until he was ten years old, and then let him return to his father's side, the child was later Emperor Yao. Therefore, Emperor Yao first followed his grandfather's family name as Yi Qi (Ji), and later called Tao Tang's.
[18]
According to historical records and research, the recognized birthplace of Emperor Yao is in
Juancheng county
At the same time, this is also the burial place of Emperor Yao, and '
The Legend of Yao
'There are actual names in Juancheng County, and most of them have cultural relics confirmed by archeological findings." "Lu Dynasty Spring and Autumn Annals" records: 'Yao buried in the valley forest, through the tree. The Jin Dynasty
Imperial century
The description is more detailed: 'Yao burial
Jiyin
Chengyang
Forty miles to the northwest, is the valley forest. "
Draft of Qing Dynasty history
"Record: '
Puzhou
Southeast Valley Forest, Gu
Rese
Also, in the first year of Qianlong, it was repaired and fixed Gu Lin (
Yaoling Mausoleum
(is the old site. Since AD 85, in the history of more than 1,800 years, the emperors sent special emissaries to worship Gu Lin every year
Yaoling Mausoleum
Without interruption, the memorial ceremony is on a grand scale, known as Kuang Ju 'grand ceremony'.
[88]
Yao still lived in thatched huts, drank vegetable soup, and wore coarse cloth woven with kudzu. Keep your ears open
Common people
In front of the simple palace gate, a "drum for remongivings" was set up. Anyone who put forward any opinions or suggestions to him or the country could strike this drum at any time. Yao heard the sound of the drum, and immediately received him and carefully listened to the opinions of the people. In order to facilitate the people to find the court, he had people set up a "slander wood" in the main road, that is, bury a wooden pillar, the wooden pillar is guarded, people have opinions, they can speak to the keeper, if the person is willing to go to the court, the keeper will give guidance. Yao often said, "If a person goes hungry, I starve him; If a man is cold, I have frozen him; If any man is guilty, it is I who have done him harm."
[8]
Sum up
yao
Warring States Period
Zhuang Zhou
Once said: Yao governance of the world people, make the politics of the sea clear, once to the north bank of the Fenshui Gushan mountain, to visit the four famous people, feel lost, as if lost the world. These four have a reputation
quadrature
,
Zenmaki
,
cloak
,
Xu You
. Good volume heavy justice light profit, not greedy wealth, is a famous sage; Yao realized that virtue was not as good as wisdom, and realized that for virtuous people, they could not be proud of themselves, they must be humble and polite, and visit him with the courtesy of ordinary people treating elders and students treating teachers, so that good volumes took the throne, Yao stood below, facing north to offer gifts for advice.
[20]
acquirement
"Zhuang Zi" recorded: Yao's teacher said
Xu You
Xu You's division Day
chipping
Gnawing the missing teacher said
Wang Ni
Wang Ni's division day cloak. The cloak is Pu Yi, also written Pu Yi, named after its clothes. He lived in Pugu Mountain, Yao kin to visit, worship him as a teacher. Pui Village in Tailin Township, Pu County today, is known as the seclusion of Pu Yi, and Pui village is thus named. Near Pui village, there is a place where Emperor Yao and Pui talk about the avenue, which is later called the Pulpit. There is also the place where Emperor Yao rested, later called tax drive slope. Pu Yi, known as Pu Yi Zi, he is located in the Fang country later called Puzi country, later here called Puzi County, today called Pu County. The poem "Pugu Sage with treasure to go, Pingyang Emperor's chariot" refers to the story of Emperor Yao's visit to Pu Yi Zi.
[20]
"
Chuang Tzu
According to the story, Yao asked Xu You: "Can you be the son of Heaven?" I want Wang Ni to invite him." Xu You said, "No! That would be a dangerous thing for the world. It would be wrong to ask a man who lacks intelligence, wit, responsiveness, and talent to accept the mission of exercising the rule of nature on the basis of these human merits. He knows the prohibition of negligence, but he does not know the cause of negligence. Let him be the son of heaven, and he will favor wisdom over nature; He will separate things according to his own will, he will seek knowledge like a burning fire; It is necessary to immerse oneself in things, to interfere in things everywhere, to be busy and busy so as to meet the four sides, and to find ways to meet the requirements of things; Do everything possible to change things, so that they can not be peaceful. How can we make him the son of heaven? Although his actions could be imitated by ordinary people, he could only be a king of a vassal state, not a son of heaven. Governance is the cause of unrest, the disaster of ministers, and the bane of princes." Xu You knew his teacher very well, and after Xu You's dissuasion, Yao naturally said so.
[20-21]
Emperor Yao painted by the Qing people
Visit the father in the son state
Emperor Yao once visited a man named
The son state supports the father
After consulting people, I feel that this person can trust the world, and I want to let the son state support the father. The father replied, "I can give the world to me, but unfortunately, I am suffering from the disease of sadness, is ready to treat a good treatment, can not accept." Emperor Yao was not forced, but he respected him very much.
[20]
In the pre-Qin period, to
Confucianist
and
Mohist School
The two most powerful schools, known as"
Distinguished learning
"Both families call on Yao and Shun. From then on, Yao became the sage king of ancient times, not only the ideal personality in terms of ethics, but also the monarch model of governing the world.
Confucius
He said, "Great is Yao the king! Mighty! Only heaven is great, only Yao is great. No matter what, the people are incompetent. If it has success, Huan it has articles!"
[17]
Confucius' praise of Yao, along with the Confucianism in the Chinese cultural tradition has become more and more important, but also more and more deeply rooted in people's hearts. Later, Confucianism was called"
Zu Shu Yao Shun, charter civil and military
"For the logo; By the Tang Dynasty
Han Yu
So that
Neo-confucianism of Song and Ming dynasties
Advocate"
Confucian orthodoxy
Yao then became the spiritual ancestor of Confucianism.
[22]
Legend has it that Yao was born of dragons and was particularly sensitive to Reiki. Attracted by the dripping pool Reiki, we will bring everyone here to live and develop through the reiki here
agriculture
Make the people live and work happily. In order to thank God and pray for the future, Yao will select the best grain, soak it in drip pool water, remove all impurities with special techniques, and extract the essence of the water for blessing. This water is clear and pure, with a long fragrance, to respect God, and distribute it to the people to celebrate health. People to thank Yu Yao, will pray for the water named "Hua Yao".
[23]
According to legend, in ancient times, Yao Du Pingyang, after the peace and harmony of the tribal countries, farming production and people's lives showed a prosperous scene. But there is one thing but let Emperor Yao is very worried, son Dan Zhu grew up, teenagers but do not work, idle, gather friends and fight, often cause trouble. Emperor Yao thought: in order to make Dan Zhu good, we must first stabilize his nature, entertain his heart, and teach him to learn a few skills. Dan Zhu did not like it at first. Yao sighed and said, "If you do not want to learn to hunt, learn the stone chess of the army. If you learn the stone chess, it will be of great use." Then he used an arrow to carve a dozen squares on a flat slope rock, picked up a lot of mountain stones, and gave Danzhu half, hand by hand to teach and explain to Danzhu how to use stones to represent advance and retreat in the process of leading the tribe. Danju now listened and showed patience.
[24]
After a period of time, Dan Zhu learned chess very concentrated, not outside to wander, Sanyi's heart surer. Emperor Yao said to Sanyi: "The stone chess contains deep principles of governing the people, the army, the mountains and rivers, if Danzhu really changed his mind, understood these principles, and succeeded my throne, it would be a natural thing." However, Danzhu chess had not learned deeply and thoroughly, but he listened to the bad words of the previous gang, and felt that chess was too restrictive and had no freedom at all, and he had to spend his brain, commit the old habits of the past, have sex with friends all day long, and even tried to seize the position of his father by trickery. Emperor Yao was very sad, and moved Danzhu to the south, never wanting to see Danzhu again, and gave the throne to Yu Shun.
Yu Shun
Also learn Emperor Yao's appearance, with stone chess teaching son
Shangjun County
. Later, Weiqi squares were depicted on pottery, and history books had "Yao created Weiqi to teach it.
Danju
"Of the record. There are stone engravings of Weiqi on the west hill of Jinzhang Village, Longci Township.
[24]
It was basically determined in the Tang Dynasty
dragon
This image. According to the
The bamboo books chronicle the years
According to records, Yao was born in Yiqi Mountain (in Shunping County of Baoding City), Yao mother Qingdu for the Chen Feng clan, born in the field of Douwei. There is Qingdu Mountain in Tang County, where Yao mother lives, and Qingdu is often born with yellow clouds covering it, and adults often follow dragons... Existing and Yin feng four, red dragon sense of pregnancy, born Yao in Dan Mausoleum in April (IQishan). Yiqi Mountain Yaomu cave, that Yao birthplace. This shows that the Red Dragon people lived near the Yiqi Mountain at that time, which deepened the flesh-and-blood relationship between the dragon and the Chinese nation, and also shows that the descendants of the dragon were recognized by the world in the time of Yao.
[25]
Legend goes back to ancient times
Gushan Mountain
North Xian Cave along with King Yao Muma slope. The hillside was covered with shrubs, and a sea of forest lay beneath the gully. Spring grass germination, full of vitality, summer trees lush, mountain flowers in full bloom, autumn maple leaf red fire, winter pine and cypress brave frost snow. Legend here "trees planted for King Yao", is the king of Yao put a horse mountain, where the north has a horse, the south has a horse beach, horse, two foal village names are King Yao left down the name. In the Annals of Linfen County, this place is one of the eight sights of Linfen. The East horse gate and West horse gate in the west of Fenshui at the foot of the mountain were passed down as the horse ranch of King Yao, and the deer fairy managed the horse farm in this area after her marriage with King Yao.
[26]
Emperor Yao in Ming Zhu Tian's "Ancient People of All Ages Like Zan"
Yao and Yao's tribe lived in Taiyuan for a period
(Some scholars believe that it was due to the pioneering spirit of the tribe or because the Fenhe River was blocked by Huoshan at that time and there was a flood)
He left his own ethnic group and continued to migrate along the direction of the south flow of the Fenhe River and eventually settled in the Linfen Basin -- Pingyang.
Zheng Xuan
In his book
Score of poetry
"Yao first lived in Jinyang and then moved to Hedong." Yan Ruoju's book "Shang Shu Shu Certificate" also said: "Yao for the son of heaven real first capital Jinyang, after moving Pingyang House." Thus, there is "Yaodu.
Binh Duong
"Said, but also confirmed the" Yao began to Qi County, after the move to Pingyang "of the ancient record. About Taiyuan another ancient name "North Tang", is in Tang Yao from the initial capital of Taiyuan Qi County moved to Pingyang, because Taiqi County is located in the north of Pingyang, in order to distinguish the initial capital of Taiyuan Tang and Pingyang Tang, then to the geographical orientation, in front of Taiyuan Tang and added a "North" word, this is Taiyuan is also called "North Tang" the reason.
[29]
"
Shih Chi
"In the past, Yao made a tour in
Chengyang
Historians generally believe that
Chengyang
It was the birthplace of Yao. Yao, Yi Qi, first name Fang Xun, first seal
tao
(now
Dingtao District
), after 徏 in Tang, assisted his brother Zhi, name Tao Tang, posthumous name Yao, known as Tang Yao. After Yao Zhi for the son of heaven, all
Chengyang
. He lived a simple life, wore coarse cloth and ate coarse rice. He united relatives, united friends, conquered the four Yi, unified the Chinese ethnic groups, all states in harmony. During the reign of Yao, he had Yi shoot the sun, assigned Gun to control the waters, decreed the farming season, ordered officials, visited and recruited the able, set up drums for remongering, and set up slander logs. He pioneered the Zen conciliation system, reigned for 70 years, and passed on
shun
And will have two daughters
A surname
Female Ying married Shun. He died of illness after many years on the throne
Rese
, be buried in
Chengyang
West (today there are
Yaoling Mausoleum
).
[87]
See entry:
The deer girl descends the dragon
The deer fairy is a white and beautiful fairy with a kind heart, who once subdued the lurking in it for the safety of the people and the survival of the deer
Xiandonggou
nearby
Black Dragon Pool
In the black dragon, and turn it into their own riding mount.
[30]
One day, Emperor Yao came across a woman who was called a goddess
deerfairy
And was repelled by the deer fairy by the black tiger fairy into a python and saved, after the two people confided their love to each other, choose a date to get married. Wedding night, the two sides tied the knot in the fairy hole, to the hole for the new house, opposite the candle mountain Guanghua South fairy hole light as day, so the wedding night is also known as"
Wedding night
".
Two years after their marriage, the deer fairy gave birth to a son "Zhu". The queen deer fairy then followed the one in
Muma Beach
The snake swallowed the herdsmen and stabbed it to death while it was not ready to use its sword, and the Black tiger fairy escaped, leaving a giant snake cave there later. Since then, the black tiger fairy increasingly hate the deer fairy, trying to harm the deer fairy, the deer fairy impossible to prevent, had to
The emperor of Heaven
Report. The Emperor of Heaven sent the soldiers of Heaven to capture the Black tiger Fairy and press it under the hills southeast of Huyang
Crouching Tiger Mountain
. At the same time, the emperor punished the deer fairy and the emperor Yao cut off the dust, the deer fairy can only return the young Zhu er to the Emperor Yao, from then on seclusion in the mountains.
[30]
Emperor Yao sent people around to find the deer fairy fruitless kiss on the Gushan mountain to find, hard to find and not, can only marry Sanyi's female wife. Zhu 'er was later sealed in Dandi (
Fushan
), hence the name Danzhu Yi. Later, people appreciated the merits of the deer fairy and commemorated the statue of the deer fairy in a small cave next to the Black Dragon Cave in the South Xian Cave.
[30]
|
relation
|
name
|
remark
|
|---|---|---|
|
great-great-grandfather
|
Yellow Emperor
|
---
|
|
great-grandfather
|
Great hubbub
[31]
|
---
|
|
grandfather
|
ð «
[31]
|
---
|
|
father
|
The Emperor 喾
[31]
|
---
|
|
One's own mother
|
---
|
|
|
Wedded wife
|
My Queen,
Sani's.
[32]
|
---
|
|
Brother
|
Normal rules
Born, Zhi inherited the throne of 喾, and nine years later Zen gave way to Emperor Yao.
[33]
|
|
|
namely
Hou Ji
,
Jiang Yuan
Born, Zhou tribe ancestor, later generations respected as the valley God.
[34]
|
||
|
Yao's younger brother, Tai Xi, and his son, Shujun, were both leaders of the Zhou clan.
[35]
|
||
|
son
|
supervision
[36]
|
---
|
|
Danju
[37]
|
---
|
|
|
daughter
|
||
|
Family name
|
remark
|
|---|---|
|
Izhi
|
Yiqi, the surname of Emperor Yao. The surname is derived from the place of the mother's residence.
[39]
|
|
Iraq
|
It's from the Eqi family name. Yi Yin, the descendant of Emperor Yao, was the face of the Shang Tang king and was named Yi.
[40]
|
|
equilibrium
|
It's from the Eqi family name. Yi Yin followed by Heng.
[41]
|
|
The qi
|
It's from the Eqi family name. After Emperor Yao, the Yiqi family was simplified into Qi.
[42]
|
|
yao
|
It's from the Eqi family name. After Emperor Yao, to the ancestral posthumous title for Yao.
[43]
|
|
From the surname Tao Tang. Yao Xianju
tao
(
Shandong (Province)
Heze (a county in Shandong Province)
Dingtao
County Tao City), after the seal Tang (Hebei Tang County), thus called Tao Tang. It was followed by Tao.
[44]
|
|
|
The tang dynasty
|
It's from the Eqi family name. After the emperor Yao Tao Tang Dynasty, Xia sealed in the state of Tang (west of Yicheng County, Shanxi), and the descendants took the name of the state as Tang.
[45]
|
|
It's from the Eqi family name. Dan Zhu, son of Emperor Yao, resided
A surname
(
Shandong (Province)
province
Heze (a county in Shandong Province)
The city
Dingtao
Southwest county), the descendants of the place name for the Taoqiu surname.
[46]
|
|
|
room
|
It's from the Eqi family name. Xia Yu awarded Dan Zhu in Fangguo (Suiping County, Henan Province), and then took the name of the country as the house name.
[47]
|
|
to
|
From the Qi family name. After the title of Emperor Yao, Xia Yu settled in the state of Xiang (Linyi City, Shandong Province), and his descendants took the name of the state as their surname.
[48]
|
|
thistle
|
From the Qi family name. After King Wu of Zhou was named Emperor Yao, he settled in the State of Ji (southwest of Beijing), and his descendants took the name of the state as Ji.
[49]
|
|
liu
|
From the Qi family name. Emperor Yao was later granted Liu State (Tang County, Hebei Province), and his descendants took the name Liu. Liu Lai, right behind.
[42]
|
|
A surname
|
It comes from the surname Liu. After Liu Guo, Liu Lei sent Long (raising horses) to serve Kong Jia, king of Xia, and was awarded the Royal Long Family.
[50]
|
|
liu
|
It comes from the surname Liu. During the reign of King Wuding of the Shang Dynasty, he destroyed the kingdom of Peng Suiwei (East Wei City, Hua County, Henan Province) and changed the title to Liu Lai.
[51]
|
|
du
|
From the Tang surname. After Emperor Yao, the Xia Dynasty was sealed in Tang (West of Yicheng County, Shanxi Province). King Cheng of Zhou destroyed Tang and moved to the state of Du (south of Xi 'an, Shaanxi), the count, called Du Bo, the descendants of the state name Du surname. poet-sage
Du Fu
That is after.
[52]
|
|
"
|
From the surname Du. King Xuan of Zhou killed Dubo, his son Xi uncle fled to the state of Jin, as a Shi Shi, with the official name Shi surname, called Shi Xi.
[53]
|
|
Along with the
|
From the scholar's surname.
[54]
|
|
zhan
|
From the scholar's surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, when Duke Li of Jin was murdered, the sons of the doctor Shi Hui, Shi Guruo and Xun Ying, ushered in Duke Dao of Jin, who appointed Shi Guruo as his minister and sealed him in Zhi Yi (northeast of Huozhou City, Shanxi Province), whose descendants were called Zhi.
[55]
|
|
van
|
From the scholar's surname. Shixi great-grandson Shihui, eating in Fan Yi (Henan Fan County), called Fan Wuzi. After that, the name was taken as the model name.
[56]
|
|
ji
|
From Fan surname. The Fan family was later sealed in the state of Ji (between Hejin City and Jishan County in Shanxi Province), and their descendants took the name of the state as Ji.
[57]
|
Yao, in the classic of the Mountains and Seas, was originally in a mediocre position, only to the Warring States period in the Confucian and ink books to grow into a great emperor, Confucianism is regarded as a representative of the highest moral level in the golden age of the ancient figure.
[85]
The reason why Gu Jiegang first noticed the ancient legends of Yao, Shun and Yu is that "they are the central figures of Confucianism and the biggest idols in the Book of Shang". By revealing the mythological elements attached to Yao, Shun, Yu and other figures, analyzing their evolution from god to man, from legend to history, and their dramatic changes in status and level in the ancient history system, the authenticity of these so-called "historical facts" is of course fundamentally questioned.
[85]
Gu Jiegang's basic idea is that the ancient history system of Chinese legends does not exist since ancient times, but is "caused by layers" in different times. The children's book industry believes that Yang Kuan is the one who set up the "doubting ancient history" after Gu Jiegang, and Yang Kuan's "view of national myth history" is the "myth evolution and differentiation theory". For example, before the Spring and Autumn Period, the highest and oldest figures in history were God and Yu, and during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period, Yao and Shun emerged above Yu. These Yao and Shun were the differentiation and evolution of God, and they were not arbitrary fabrications. In the Warring States period, the Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor 喾, etc. came out above the Yao and Shun, and these people were the differentiation and evolution of Yao and Shun, and they were not forged at will.
[86]
In China, at least 12 counties and cities in 6 provinces, including Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hunan and Anhui, launched the "open struggle" to seize the hometown of Emperor Yao. "Research on the Source of Chinese Civilization" is a major national science and technology project, and "Research on the birthplace of Emperor Yao" is an important academic research topic in this project. The dispute over the birthplace of Emperor Yao began in the Yuan Dynasty, 700 years ago, involving 12 counties and cities in 6 provinces of China, there are Huaxia theory, Central Plains theory and Dongyi theory, the focus of the dispute is mainly between "Huaxia theory" and "Dongyi theory".
However, due to the burning of books by Qin Shihuang and the burning of Confucian scholars, there was no detailed historical record of Emperor Yao's birthplace, which brought some difficulties to the research. There are three main historical documents about the birthplace of Emperor Yao: one is Sima Qian's Record of the Grand Historian, the other is the Emperor Century by the famous historian of Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the third is the Song Book by Shen Yue, a famous historian of the Southern Dynasty.
[58]
For Yao to move the capital to Linfen, there are the following arguments:
-
Avoid the flood said
basis
Historical data
Contained in the history of the Haihe River basin flood
Run wild
Especially upstream
Shanxi (Province)
Downstream in Hebei
Sanggan
Water system,
Hutuo River
Water system, "the water flow is swift, the upper wide and the lower narrow, the upstream water flow carries a lot of sediment, the flow rate after entering the plain is reduced sharply, the silt is silted, the river bed is filled, the tail is not smooth, and it is easy to cause disaster."
[59]
Tang Yao tribe lived in Tang County, Wangdu area, just place
Taihang Mountains
West slope and
North China Plain
The junction, north
Yanghe River
There are Hutuo River in the south and west
Don River
The river network is dense, it is the flood prone area. The main reason for Tang Yao's westward migration was to avoid flooding. Because most ancient books have records about floods when talking about Tang and Yao. "
A surname
,
Canon
"Said:" Yao's flood was very heavy "; "
The whole world
"Said:" Yao time upstream of the water is not itching, obstructed and out "; "Jin passenger search Luo" said: "Yao yellow water overflowed, and the earthquake and the imperial capital." And so on.
[60]
According to "Han Feizi · Wujiao" and "Han Feizi · Wujiao"
Huainan Zi · Spiritual training
According to the book, the Tang Yao tribe had mastered the technology of building large houses, and the houses they built were "not grass, not rafters"; "Pujiao is not hacked, vegetarian question is not 枅". The thatch of the roof was not trimmed, the rafters of the eaves were not cut, and the beams and columns at the end were not painted. Moreover, the Taotang tribe, who were skilled in pottery, brought these techniques to Taiyuan to teach them to the natives. Therefore, in the plains of the middle reaches of the Fenhe River, Tang Yao tribe and the ancestors of Taiyuan soon merged into one, jointly built their homes, and created the Longshan culture of Taiyuan.
[60]
-
Intrusion avoidance theory
He Guangyue
In his book "History of Yan Huang's Origins", he believes that because
A surname
Ethnic forces are becoming stronger and stronger, as the leader of the tribal alliance Tang Yao, in order to avoid the intrusion of the Dongyi tribe, then the department moved west, "from the Tang County, Wangdu area to the south Tang, along the Hutuo River.
Jingxing County
Pass through Taiyuan and enter again
Binh Duong
" (" An Attempt to Talk about Tang Yao ")
[60-61]
Zou Heng
He pointed out in the article "Archaeological Essays of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" : "The ancient culture of Taiyuan area is mostly the Xutan type and Guangshe culture of Hebei Longshan (culture), and a large number of its unearthed
crockery
They all resemble the ravine type of Yongsan culture." The above discussion and the mutual evidence of the underground unearthed cultural relics reveal Taiyuan Xutan culture, Guangshe culture and Hebei Province
Longshan culture
It also confirmed the possibility of Tang Yao tribe migrating west to Taiyuan and settling down in Taiyuan from Tangxian and Wangdu of Hebei Province.
[60]
Yao ruled for 70 years and felt the need to choose a successor.
[62]
He thought that his son Danzhu was stubborn and unusable, so he consulted with four Yue and asked them to recommend a candidate. Four Yue recommended Shun, said that this person is very filial, family relations are handled very well, and can influence the family, so that they change evil and good. Yao decided to investigate before making a decision. After three years of various investigations, Yao felt that Shun, no matter what he said or did, was very mature and reliable, and was able to make achievements, so he decided to give the throne to Shun. On the first day of the first lunar month, he held a Zen ceremony at the Taimiao Temple, formally allowing Shun to succeed him and ascend to the throne of the Son of Heaven.
[63]
Or, because of the decline of Yao De, Shun forced him to give up the throne and, therefore, "again declined Saidan Zhu (Yao Zi), so that he could not see his father" (Shiji ·
Five Emperors Benji
Zhang Shoujie Zhengyi quoted in"
The bamboo books chronicle the years
").
[4]
The advocates of "Zen and surrender" should push Confucianism and Mohism, and its ideological basis should be the theory of "Shang Xian". In order to cooperate with the theory of Zen abdication, people invented Yaodian and Gaotao Mo, and other books of Yao and Shun. In Yaodian, all the gods in ancient mythology were transformed into sages and became ministers. Xi He, the wife of Emperor Jun who was ten days old, became the official of Yao's calendar for "observing the sun, moon and stars and honoring people", and the divine beast Kui on the mountain of the East China Sea became the official of Yao's music. Ji, Qi, Gaotao, Chui and Yi became agriculture officials of Yao, Situ, judges, officials in charge of work and skill, and Yu officials, respectively. The Times of Yao, Shun and Yu still belong to the prehistoric period of China. Shun from the Dongyi tribe will not be the same kind of people as Yu who rose in the central and western regions. Yao, Shun and Yu who were invented do not know where they came from. In primitive societies, the struggle for territory and power is reflected in ancient mythology. Therefore, in the books of the pre-Qin Dynasty, it is often seen that Yao, Shun, Yu, etc. raised bloody butcher's knives when they fought for power, and the "Bamboo Book" cloud said: "Shun imprisoned Yao, and repeated the Saidan Zhu, so that they could not meet their father." "Han Feizi · Said doubt" cloud: "Shun forced Yao, Yu forced Shun." Qu Yuan's "Heaven Asks" cloud: "After the Qidai Yi..." These opinions are different from those of Confucians and Confucians. The theory of Zen surrender made the great gods in mythology enter into the man-king system, which directly led to the historicization of mythology.
[84]
Mr. Zhou Changfu, through the characteristics of Longshan culture, pointed out in his book on Tang Yao: "In terms of age and distribution, Longshan culture is equivalent to the ancient Tang Yao nationality."
[64]
In 2006, Wang Kechun, a villager in Yaowangsi Village, Heze, discovered the tomb site.
Annotations of the Water Classics
"Contained in the tomb of Madame Yao Zhongshan
[65]
, more powerful evidence of"
History of the Han Dynasty
Yaozuka said here. The year 2008
Shandong Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics
In the excavation of Yaowang Temple, found an area of 40,000 square meters, cultural accumulation of 12 meters thick with Yao Longshan cultural site, and excavated in the east of the tomb
Chengyang Old City
Is for Yaowang Temple is grain forest
Yaoling Mausoleum
Hard evidence of the site.
[66-69]
According to historical records, Emperor Yao was born in the ancient Tang Dynasty (now Yaodu District, Linfen, Shanxi).
[2]
He was the leader of an ancient tribal alliance. Emperor Yao built the capital of Pingyang (Linfen, Shanxi), so there are Yao Temple in the south of Linfen city, and Yao Emperor Mausoleum in the east of the city. There is an ancestral temple in front of the mausoleum, which is said to have been built in the early Tang Dynasty. Ming
Chenghua County
,
Jia Jing
, clear
Emperor Yongzheng
,
Qianlong
All of them have been rebuilt. There are more than ten stone tablets in the mausoleum temple since the Yuan Dynasty, describing the evolution of the Mausoleum and the achievements of Emperor Yao. In the 18th year of Ming Jiajing (1539), there is a full map of Yao Mausoleum on the monument, which is well preserved.
[70]
Yao Temple
Located at the south end of Qinshu Road, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Yao Temple was originally built on the west bank of Fenhe River,
jin
Yuen Kang
Migrating to Fen East, Tang
Hien Khanh
Three years (685) moved to the present site, more than 1,300 years ago. All dynasties are the national sacrificial place, before the Qing Dynasty on April 28 each year held in Yao ceremony and temple fair, when the Kangxi emperor visited Yao Temple, as the imperial meeting, when the Chinese provinces, ethnic groups and overseas Chinese descendants have come to worship, the temple fair is the crown of North China.
[71]
According to legend, Tao Yao built the capital of Pingyang (Linfen), meritful to the people, and later generations were built for the sacrifice of King Yao. Originally built in Jin Dynasty, it has been rebuilt and is now a relic of Qing Dynasty. The scale is majestic, the layout is sparse, in front of the mountain gate, on both sides of the stellae, there are five phoenix towers, Yaojing Pavilion, Guangyun Hall, sleeping palace and so on.
[72]
King Yao and the four ministers are referred to as five Phoenixes, hence the name of Five Phoenixes Tower. Yao well was dug by King Yao, and in order to remember its bacteria, a well pavilion was built. Guangyun Hall with nine wide faces and six deep eaves rests on the top of the mountain, up to 27 meters high. It is magnificent in shape. There are corridors around the hall, and the pillars are finely carved. The fat gold pillars in the hall lead straight to the upper eaves. There is a statue of King Yao and a waiter in the niche. There are more than ten tablets in the temple memory, which contain the achievements of Tao Yao and the construction of the temple. Temple south 3 km existence"
Mautzian Stage
"Carved in stone.
[72]
Emperor Yao ancient residence, located in Yaomiao Town Yi village, according to legend is the place where Emperor Yao was born, for the municipal cultural relics protection unit. At present, there are still ruins such as the earth steligraph of Emperor Yaomaoci erected during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and in recent years, the landscape such as the temple of Emperor Yaomaoci, the Altar of sacrificial farmers, the Red Dragon Pond, the archway, and the Yaojing has been restored. In ancient times, Yi Village once built a tall archway with four characters on it: "Hometown of Emperor Yao".
[73]
|
Han Feizi's "Han Feizi · Wujiao"
[11]
|
|
time
|
type
|
director
|
The title of the play
|
Actor or actress
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The year 2011
|
teleplay
|
---
|
Chang 'e
|
Suttingite
|
|
The year 2015
|
teleplay
|
Vivian Chao
[78]
|
