Polish

The Poles are the main ethnic group in Poland. It is also distributed in the United States, Russia , Germany, Austria , Argentina , Brazil The United Kingdom, Canada , Australia Etc. Because of history Republic of Lithuania , Belarus It was once part of Poland, so there are more Poles living in these two countries. Belong to Europaean The Central European type. 95% of the population is Catholic, with a minority believing Orthodox Church . The Church has a broad influence on the social life and cultural development of the people. Historically, the Polish people lived on agriculture, and in recent decades, industry has developed, and the modernization process of industry and agriculture has accelerated since the 1970s.

Use POLISH , belong to Indo-European Slavic group . Be of use Polish alphabet Spelling words, points Greater Poland The five dialects of Lesser Poland, Lesser Poland, Mazovche, Silesia and Kashub formed the Polish Standard language in the 14th and 15th centuries, based on the Greater and Lesser Polish dialects.

The Poles are a branch of the West Slavs. According to research, it was in Poland Vistula The valley was the birthplace of the ancient Poles. As early as the upper Paleolithic period, there were in this area hominid Inhabited, by the 8th century BC, had formed the Ancient Poles, whose distribution spread south to east The Carpathian Mountains to The Don River Up river. From the 4th to the 6th century AD, it began to appear Tribal alliance . Due to the impact of the "Great ethnic migration" wave, its residential area further expanded, and then gradually divided into the west, east and south three branches. The western branch remained in the middle Oder and Vistula Ancient Polish tribes of the valley, such as Varta The ancient Poles of the region, the Pomori, Mazovsches, Vistula, and Lech of the Vistula region, and the Srizas, Jados, Bobsches, Vaupoles, and Gawenshes of the Silesian region, are the ancestors of the later Polish nation. The social economy of these tribes had developed considerably by the early 10th century, and most were engaged in plow agriculture, Handicraft industry It is also very developed, good at smelting iron, pottery and textiles, and active trade with advanced areas in the south. Many tribal alliances have crossed slavery The stage developed into an early feudal state: in the middle reaches of the Varta River, to Gniezino and Poznan The Principality of Poland was established at its center; On the upper reaches of the Vistula River, the Vistula State was established with Krakow as its center; Numerous feudalism was formed in Silesia and other places Native state . In 966, Grand Duke of Poland Myshko the First South neighbour Czech Republic Accepting the Christian faith and creating a written language, the Duchy of Poland further promoted its social, economic and cultural development, and its power grew. He gradually extended his rule to Silesia, as well as to the areas of the Mazosher, Pomori, and Vistula peoples. son Boleslaw the First After the succession, the Polish tribes were basically unified, and the feudal kingdom was established in the early 11th century. Kingdom of Poland At that time, it played an important role in the political arena of China and Europe, and fought against it three times Holy Roman Empire The war, all won. Since then, although Poland was politically troubled by feudalism and foreign aggression, it has become increasingly mature in terms of national formation, and the Polish people have begun to exist as an independent national entity, and have been closely allied with the neighboring Germans, Prussians, Czechs, Hungarians, and others. The Teutonic Knights Put up a fight; In the mid-13th century, there were three victories against the Mongol Tatar invasions. In 1386, the Kingdom of Poland began a war with Grand Duchy of Lithuania Practice association; It was adopted in 1569 Lublin In the treaty, the two countries formally merged to form the Polish Noble Republic, which increased its power and expanded further east Ukraine And Belarusian regions.

From the 17th century onwards, Poland was in decline. From 1733 to 1735 War of the Polish Succession . In 1772, 1793, and 1795, Poland was conquered Tsarist Russia Prussia and Austria Divide it three times. However, the Poles did not give in, and in the more than 120 years after the subjugation of the country, there were many large-scale struggles National independence the Armed uprising . A mass outbreak occurred in 1905 General strike , and in Rhoades Engage in street fighting. October Revolution After Russia recognized Poland's sovereignty and independence, Poland was established as a republic in 1918. In 1939, Hitler invaded Poland World War II . It was not until 1944 that the Poles were liberated, and it was founded on 22 July that year Polish People's Republic .

The Polish people have a long history Cultural tradition In the history of France, Italy All have close cultural exchanges. It was founded in 1364 University of Krakow , Cultural education Developed. There have been famous scientists Copernicus , Madame Curie , writer Mickiewicz And musicians Chopin Has made outstanding contributions to the world cultural treasure house. Historically, the Polish people lived on agriculture, and in recent decades, industry has been developed, and after entering the 1970s, the modernization of industry and agriculture has accelerated. Mining industry Mainly coal, Copper mine Exploitation is developing rapidly. Steel, machinery, shipbuilding, chemicals and Textile industry Both have developed considerably. People Living standard Improve further.