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Daqing River

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Central tributary of Haihe River basin in China
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Daqing River, China Haihe River One of the tributaries of the river basin, called the Upper West River, due to adjacent Yongding River , Hutuo River Both rivers are sandy rivers, and the Daqing River in the middle, the water is clear, named the Daqing River. [1]
The Daqing River system mainly consists of two branches, north and south. Where flows into the west lake ( Baiyang Lake The tributary is the south branch, and the flood flows from Zhaowang River, Zaolin Zhuangxin Road and Zhaowangxin River to Daqing River after the accumulation in Xidian. The tributary flowing into Dongdian is the north branch, and the north branch is mainly Juma River In Zhangfang, it is divided into the south and the north of the Ma River, and the north of the Ma River is the Xiaoqing River and the Liulihe River. Dashihe ) after the village of Donz called Baigou River South Ma River na north easy water, Zhongyi Water After the east flow, Baigou town and Baigou River after the rendezvous called Daqing River. [2]
South branch from source ( Don River The source is Cuiping Mountain, south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province [3] ) to Zaolin Zhuang hub 336 km long; North branch from the source (refuse Ma River source Hebei Laiyuan County northwest Laishan) to New building hub It is 303 km long. The south branch is slightly longer, so the source of the original south branch is the source of the Daqing River, and modern geography generally takes the confluence of the southern branch of the Juma River and the northern branch of the Baigou River as the starting point of the main stream of the Daqing River, so the source of the Juma River is the source of the Daqing River. [4]
Daqing River flows through Dongdian sixth fort and Ziya River confluence called the West River. A small amount of flood water passed through the West River West river gate junction Into the Hai River main flow from Haihe Gate hub Into the Bohai Sea, a large amount of flood enters through the flood gate A single stream diminishes the river Enter the Bohai Sea through the Workers, peasants and soldiers gate. River source to the estuary of the single flow of the reduced river workers, peasants and soldiers gate ( Single-flow damp-proof sluice It is 483 kilometers long and covers an area of 43,060 square kilometers (32,700 square kilometers according to the Annals of Hebei Province and Geography) [4] ). [2]
Historically, the middle and lower reaches of the Daqing River have suffered frequent floods, and with the reduction of flow caused by the establishment of the People's Republic of China and climate change, the Daqing River has become the main irrigation water source in Baoding and Dongdian agricultural areas. It is also an important source of water replenishment for Baiyang Lake. Before the 1960s, the Daqing River was the main waterway between Baoding area and Tianjin, with great shipping value. [5]
Chinese name
Daqing River
alias
Sangsai
Drainage system
Haihe River
Geographical position
Middle Hai River basin
Flow area
Shanxi, Hebei, Tianjin
cradle
Laishan in Laiyuan County (Ji Ma Heyuan)
Main tributary
Juma River , Baigou River , Don River , Shulong River
Length of river
483 km
Basin area
43060 km²
estuary
Xinkou Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin sixth port

catalogue

  1. 1Origin of name
  2. 2Main stream profile
  3. ▪Channel strike
  4. ▪Channel characteristics
  5. ▪Channel change
  6. 3Hydrological characteristics
  1. 4Main tributary
  2. ▪North branch
  3. ▪South branch
  4. ▪Tributaries of Dian district
  5. ▪Flood diversion channel
  6. 5Governance and development
  1. ▪River treatment
  2. ▪Flood detention area
  3. ▪Storage works
  4. ▪Flood control works
  5. ▪Hub project
  6. ▪Irrigation project
  1. ▪Fairway shipping
  2. 6Basin profile
  3. 7Flood storage area activated

Origin of name

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EDITOR
Daqing River, due to the adjacent basin for the Yongding River alluvial fan in the north, the south for the Hutuo River alluvial fan, both rivers are sandy rivers, is a muddy river, and in the middle of the Daqing River, the water is clear, named Daqing River. [1] [6]
"Hebei Provincial Annals · Geography" : Daqing River is called the Upper West River, the origin of which is related to the West River in Tianjin, because the West River is the reach of the Daqing River and the Ziya River, the upper section of the West River is called "Upper West River". [4]

Main stream profile

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EDITOR

Channel strike

Location of the Daqing River main course
Channel situation of the main stream of Daqing River
The Great Qing River is located Yongding River To the south, Ziya River North, in Haihe River The middle part of the water system spans Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin. [6]
The Daqing River system mainly consists of two branches, north and south. Where flows into the west lake ( Baiyang Lake The flood flows from Zhaowang River, Zaolin Zhuangxin Road and Zhaowangxin River in Xidian, and enters Daqing River in Dongdian in Zuogezhuang Village; Flow into Dongdian The tributary is the north branch, and the north branch is mainly Juma River In Zhangfang and divided into the south, north refused to Ma River, north refused to Ma River Xiaoqing River, Liuli River in Dongzi village after the Baigou River, south refused to Ma River north easy water, easy water after the east flow, in Baigou town and Baigou River When it meets, it's called the Daqing River. [2] After the Baigou Bridge is above the confluent, it goes down to the Xinjiafang Junction, which is discharged into Baiyangdian by the Baigou River, discharged into Dongdian by the Xinjiafang flood diversion Channel and the old Daqing River Channel to join the new Daqing River to the sixth Port of Jinghai and Tianjin Ziya River Converge. [7]
The southern branch is from the source (the source of the Tang River is Cuiping Mountain in the south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province [3] ) to Zaolinzhuang hub 336 km; The north branch from the source (the source of the river, Hebei province, Laiyuan County northwest Taihang foothills) to the new building hub 303 km long. The south branch is slightly longer, so the source of the original south branch is the source of the Daqing River, that is, the source of the Tang River in the south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, Cuiping Mountain. Then calculate the conjunctionpoint of the two branches from the old Daqing River to Zuogezhuang in the lower reaches of the North branch and Zhaowangxin River to Zuogezhuang in the lower reaches of the South branch, the estimated length is equivalent. Therefore, modern geography is generally the north branch of the positive source, that is, Laishan County Laiyuan, the source of the river. [4]
The northern branch basin covers an area of 10,151 square kilometers, and the annual average runoff in the mountainous area is 1.169 billion cubic meters. The drainage area of the southern branch is 21054 square kilometers, and the annual average runoff in the mountainous area is 1.888 billion cubic meters. [6]
Dongdian Daqing River to the sixth port of Xinkou Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin [8] (There are also information that Jinghai District of Tianjin sixth fort) and the Ziya River confluence called the West River. A small amount of flood water passed through the West River Ziya river west sluice junction The main stream of the Haihe River enters the Bohai Sea from the Haihe Gate, and a lot of flood passes through Single flow reduced river into flood gate hub Into the A single stream diminishes the river By the workers, peasants and soldiers gate (later renamed Single-flow damp-proof sluice ) Into the Bohai Sea. The source of the river (" Haihe Chronicle "with the Juma River as the source) to the single flow of the reduced river estuary of the workers, peasants and soldiers gate ( Single-flow damp-proof sluice It is 483 kilometers long and covers an area of 43,060 square kilometers (32,700 square kilometers according to the Annals of Hebei Province and Geography) [4] ). [2]
The starting point of the main stream of the Daqing River is the confluence of the Baigou River and the South Juma River
Daqing River old road Xiongxian county seat section
Wen 'an County Daqing River old road
Daqing River Wen An Zuo Gezhuang section
The confluence of the main stream of the Daqing River and the Ziya River, Tianjin Jinghai Port No. 6

Channel characteristics

Most of the rivers west of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway are sandy riverbeds with steep longitudinal slopes, belonging to wide and shallow sandy river channels. The railway is gradually slow in the east longitudinal slope, and the banks are built to bundle water. There are 13 main flood channels with a total length of 578.4 kilometers and a total length of 1179 kilometers of main and secondary embankments (including Baiyangdian and Dongdian embankments).
There are many continuous lakes in the middle and lower reaches, and the river runs through the lakes to form valley basin lake. Baiyangdian Lake, Baicao Lake, overflow lake, Dongdian Lake and Beidagang Lake belong to this kind of lake. The enclosed lakes on both sides of the river include Langou, Wenan, Jiakou and Tuanpo. These lakes play an important role in the regulation and storage of flood water, flood detention and drainage. The flood control standard of the whole water system is designed to meet once every ten to twenty years, the flood control standard is low, and in case of excessive flood, extraordinary measures are taken to ensure flood control safety. The flood propagation time is 7 to 15 kilometers per hour in the upper reaches and 7 to 2 kilometers per hour in the middle and lower reaches. [7]

Channel change

Changes of Daqing River course
Diagram of Daqing River being disturbed by Yongding River in past dynasties
The Daqing River system, recorded data show that there has been little change in history. However, according to historical records, Daqing River was disturbed by Yongding River and Hutuo River, and the waters in the middle and upper reaches changed many times, and the downstream affected Dongdian. Due to the disturbance of Yongding River, the depression on the left bank of Dongdian was swallowed by sediment. [9]
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Yellow River flowed through the Haihe Plain. In today's Haihe river system, Daqing River system and its south water all once flowed into the Yellow River, which belongs to the Yellow River system; In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties (1595-1698), the Yongding River swung back and forth between Panggezhuang, Lixian, Jiuzhou, Jiuanchi County, Jinmenzha, Yangxianwu, Nanli and Pulufa. As far south as Nanli, Pulufa, Dugang and Zhanggang, he took the current Daqing River course eastward (for example, Shunzhi 13th year, 1656);
In the 59th year of Qianlong (1794), "Determined the North Ergong Dyke (a variant of the dyke), slipped a note to Qiuxian Village to divert the river to the lower reaches of Yongding River into the sea." Immediately cut off the flow, and spread the Nantou Gongdike, water from Lao Jun Tang, Zhuang Ma Tou into the Great Qing River, where the construction of the south Dike more than 100 Zhangs "(" Qing History draft · River Canal Records").
In the third year of Daoguang (1823), the Yongding River was executed from the South eight Gong Dyke to the south, and went straight to the Wanger Lake. In the spring of the eleventh year, the river changed to the northeast, ran into Doudian, Liudaokou, Daqing River, Wanger Estuary began to plug, and the water returned to the old Wangqingtuo channel through the new FanZhukou trough. Fourteen years, Wanping boundary north, north under the flood break, water from Panggezhuang follow the old river to Wuqing yellow flower shop, still return to the end of the river into the sea. Liangxiang boundary south of the second industrial break, the water from Jinmen Zhaigou River into the Qing River, Baigou River to the Daqing River. [10]
In modern water conservancy management, the main section of Daqing River is reformed. The main changes are the excavation of new Fangfang flood diversion channel, Baigou river diversion, Zhaowangxin River and a series of flood diversion channels. Thus forming downstream multi-branch water system. The original main river of Daqing River from the new housing hub in Xiongxian County, ending in the east of the village of Wangge 垯 below Suqiao into an irrigation river (seasonal river). The estuary has also changed from a river into the sea to a river into the sea. [11]
Daqing River Old road, new Jiafang diversion channel flows from the southeast of Xiongxian County into Dongdian, the main stream of Daqing River in Dongdian, before 1970 flowing from Xinjiafang through Rongcheng - Xiongxian County - in the northwest corner of Wen 'an County, Xiong, Wen two counties into Wen 'an County, through Xinglong Palace, Shigezhuang, Xinzhen, Suqiao (in the east of Cui Jiafang Village, Zhaowang new Canal water into), Zuogezhuang and other towns and villages, Exit from Taitou, Jinghai District, Tianjin, east to Tianjin. For Wen 'an and Xiong, Ba two counties boundary river. It is a perennial river with a maximum flow of 67 cubic meters per second and a freezing period of 70 days. In 1970, the river was changed into an irrigation river from the new Fangfang junction in Xiongxian County to the east of Wangge 垯 village below Suqiao, named the old Daqing River. The function of the river was mainly irrigation, and the flood discharge task was not assumed under normal circumstances, and the flood discharge was assumed by the Baigou river diversion and the new Fangfang diversion channel.
In 1970, an additional 7-km east-west river section was dug at the west pier of Wen 'an County to connect with the lower entrance of Zhaowangxinqu Channel. The section of river named New Daqing River (also known as Dongdian Daqing River) was opened and straightered at the east end of Wangge 垯 Village to Daqing River (from Wangge 垯 village to Shizjianfang of Zuogezhuang Village to exit through Anlitun to Jinghai Taitou). Flow 21 km, into a seasonal river. [11]

Hydrological characteristics

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EDITOR
The flood of Daqing River system is mainly caused by heavy rain in flood season, and the rainstorm center often appears in Fuping, Sicang and Zijingguan area.
Due to the different locations of rainstorm centers, the proportion of flood volume in the northern and southern branches in the total flood volume of the whole water system varies greatly from year to year. In 1963, the total flood volume in the whole water system for 30 days was 7.998 billion cubic meters, of which the southern branch accounted for 78% and the northern branch accounted for 22%. The maximum 6-day flood volume was 6.427 billion cubic meters, with the southern branch accounting for 80% and the northern branch accounting for 20%. In 1929, the total 30-day flood of the whole water system was 3.836 billion cubic meters, of which the southern branch accounted for 42%, the northern branch accounted for 58%, and the average calculation of the southern branch accounted for about 60% and the northern branch accounted for about 0%. The mountainous area of the southern branch was larger than that of the northern branch. When the whole water system was flooded, the rain area of the southern branch was larger, so the proportion of the southern branch flood was generally greater than that of the northern branch, and the northern branch flood was earlier than that of the southern branch.
The average annual precipitation for many years is about 600 mm in the mountains and 500 mm in the plains. There is a great change between the years, and the rainfall in wet and dry years is often 1 ~ 2 times, the maximum is 6.4 times (Beijing, Baoding).
Since the existence of hydrological records, there have been seven major floods, in 1917, 1924, 1929, 1939, 1954, 1956 and 1963, with an average of about once every 7-8 years. In August 1963, the rainstorm was the largest in this water system. The river system is located in the north of Taihang Mountain and the southwest of Yanshan Mountain, and the terrain is suitable for the formation of heavy rain. For example, in 1963, Yixian Qiyu 7 days of rain 1329 mm, Daliangang 1117 mm. In addition, Ding County, Wangdu, Tang County, Quyang, Manchengbei Guantou and other places are more than 1000 mm. In early August 1963, a total of 30.2 billion cubic meters of rain fell on Taihang Mountain, and the Daqing River system accounted for 63%. Therefore, the Daqing River system flood occupies an important position in the Haihe River basin.
In 1963, the measured 6-day flood was 6.43 billion cubic meters, equivalent to one in 60 years. The whole water system flows through Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, two provinces and two cities, of which three counties in Shanxi Province account for 7.5% of the total basin area, 41 counties (cities) in Hebei province, accounting for 77%, two counties in Beijing City account for 4.9%, and four districts and counties in Tianjin City account for 10.6%. The direction of terrain is mountain, hill, plain and depression. The elevation of the western mountain area is generally about 1000 ~ 1500 meters (Yellow Sea elevation, the same below), the elevation of the hilly area west of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway is 100 ~ 1000 meters, the elevation of the plain area east of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway is 10 ~ 100 meters, the elevation of the low-lying area below Baiyangdian is 10 meters, and the ground elevation of the coastal tail is about 2 meters. [1]

Main tributary

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EDITOR
The Daqing River system is naturally divided into north and south branches due to the topography. The main tributaries are:
Daqing River system and watershed diagram

North branch

North branch of the Juma River, originated in Laiyuan The basin, in the southwest of Zhangfang Tiesuoya diverts into the south and north Juma rivers. The South Juma River In the North river store above there are North Yi water, Zhongyi water into. The North Juma River is above the village of Donzi Hulliang River , Liuliha , Xiaoqing River Inward remittance, hereinafter referred to Baigou River . The South Juma River , Baigou River At Baigou Bridge above the confluence after descending to New building hub Respectively by The white ditch diverts the river Discharge into Baiyang Lake, by The newly built floodway Daqing River discharge Dongdian .
Baigou River end Gaobeidian east Ma ying town section
South Zhuma River Dingxing County North south CAI township section
Juma River (including south and north two branches), flow through Fangshan District Within the territory of Beijing, one of the five major water systems, Daqing River tributaries. Originated in Hebei Province Laanyuan County Northwest Taihang foothills, in the Fangshan district of Beijing Shidu town Set port village enters the market boundary, flows through Shidu Scenic Spot , Zhangfang Town , Dashiwo Town . In Zhangfang town Zhangfang village is divided into two branches. The northern branch is the North Juma River, flowing through Dashiwo Town, in Erhezhuang Village East out of the city, to Dongzi village below Baigou River , in Baigou village with The South Juma River It joins the Taeching River and is generally the starting point of the main stream of the Taeching River. The main stream of the Juma River is 254 kilometers long, and the drainage area above Baigou village is 1000 square kilometers. [12]
Dashi River Zhuozhou City dock town golf course side of a section
Dashihe (Liuli River) is a tributary of the North Juma River in the Daqing River system of the Haihe River basin. The old records of Fangshan are called "holy water". Pleasant place The old chi was called "Liuli River". Originating in the western mountainous area of the territory Xiayunling Township Northwest of Tangshang Village. River zigzag in the valley to the east through Xiayunling, Changcao, Bangezhuang, Hebei and other townships, in Tuoli Township Xinjang village out of the mountain, into the plain. Then turn south, through Tuoli Township, Chengguan Township, Zicaowu Township, Doudian town , Shilou Town Within the territory of Liuli River area The office turned east to Zu village and left south into Hebei Province Zhuozhou City Quaytown Joins the North Juma River. It has a river length of 108 kilometers and a drainage area of 1243.4 square kilometers, of which 856.3 square kilometers are in mountainous areas and 387.1 square kilometers are in plain areas. [13]
Hulliang River North Juma River tributary. Originated in Fangshan district Dashiwo Town Shuitou Village . It is called Spring River in the area. The spring water river is divided into two branches, the south is the main river. Two branches in the Beiliang village out of the city, confluence in Zhuozhou City, Hebei province, Jiahe village, hereinafter called Hulianghe. The total length of the river is 15 kilometers, and the drainage area is 100 square kilometers. The river is supplied by Gaozhuang Spring, Ganchi Spring and other springs, and the annual flow is about 1.1 cubic meters/second. There are Buddhist shrines in Shuitou Village Yunju Temple . [12]
North easy water, south refuse the horse river tributaries. Originate from Yunmeng Mountain At the southern foot, it flows southeast from Tai Ning Temple to Longquan Zhuang and turns northeast to Liang Gezhuang Turns southeast again, longitude Yixian County The south side of the county, in the stone race exit, in Dingxing county Into the Yi water, Yi County river length of about 39 kilometers. There are 20 tributaries more than 5 kilometers long, mainly Wuli River, An River, yellow Artemia River, Wanglong River, Wudao River and other 7. The riverbed above Lianggezhuang is 100~200 meters wide and composed of river pebbles, and the longitudinal slope is 1/100~1/300. The riverbed below is 400~1200 meters wide and composed of sand and pebbles. The basin covers an area of about 510 square kilometers, and there is no basal flow in the early winter and spring.
Zhongyi River downstream Dingxing County Cangju village section
Zhongyi Water South Juma River tributary. Called Wushui, Yishui, commonly known as Luocun River, Baijian River. Originating in the west of Yi County in the eastern foot of the temple, from the Chuanjiao southeast flow to Lianggang to the east flow, across the middle and east, to Zhouren village exit into Dingxing County, in the North River shop into the south horse river, Yi County river length of about 51.5 kilometers, more than 5 kilometers of tributaries have 22, on the big LAN River, Xujia River, duck ditch river and other 4. The riverbed above Angerzhuang is about 300 meters wide, composed of sand and pebbles, and the longitudinal slope is 1/100~1/200. The riverbed below is 2~3 kilometers wide, composed of medium fine sand, and the longitudinal slope is 1/500~1/1000. The drainage area is about 829 square kilometers, and there is no basal flow in the dry year and winter season. [14]

South branch

South branch Shulong River , Xiaoyi River , Don River , Qingshui River , canal , The Baohe River (in Hebei Province) , The Fuhe River (in Hebei Province) , Ping Ha And other rivers, all flowing into each other Baiyang Lake . Baiyangdian Lake is a lake in the middle of Daqing River system, which is used for flood detention and drainage, water storage and irrigation, fishery salt production and comprehensive utilization. Baiyang Lake water classics Zaolin Zhuang hub Discharge into Zaolin Zhuang floodway and Zhao Wanghe Go north at Gogezhuang Zhao Wang Xinhe To Shigezhuang Bridge into Zhaowang new canal, in the west of Zuogezhuang village into Dongdian inside the Daqing River, to the sixth port and Ziya River Converge.
Shulong River Also known as the Frog River, Yangcun River, Buri River, is the main channel of the south branch of the Daqing River, the upper reaches of the Shahe River, located in the south of Baiyangdian, because Zhuanxu (a legendary monarch in ancient China) In the period, "the pig transformed the dragon into a river, so the name Piglong River, and later changed the pig to Zhu Zhu." Originating in Shanxi Province Lingqiu county At the southern foot of Taibai Mountain, the southeast flows into Fuping County boundary Naringqiu River water, to the east of the county, South west Zhuang and near the Foal River, to the town of Wang fast into Rouge River . Shahe to Anping County Beiguo village has the magnetic river, Xiaotang River, Xiaoqing River, Mengliang River into the Beiguo village, the following is called Schilong River, flowing northeast Anping county , Boye county , Li County , Gaoyang county To the north of the high-rise village of Anxin County into the lake Baiyangdian. The entrance to the lake is Qianli Embankment Between the four gates. With a total length of 250 kilometers, it is the largest flood channel in the southern branch of the Daqing River. [6] [8] [15]
The Fuhe River (in Hebei Province) The "Water Book Notes" called Shen Shui, also known as Qing Yuan River, 1368 Ming Dynasty Baoding Road rename Baoding Mansion Later called Fuhe, located in the west of Baiyangdian. There are in the upper reaches of the Fu River One Mu spring River Tributaries such as Waiting River and White caogou. One mu spring River for the mainstream, and many tributaries after the confluence called Fuhe. The Fuhe River is here Temple of Divine Rain The east is divided by a moat. Mainstream to the east Yellow Flower Groove , Golden Thread River Remit. After joining with the Tang River, it enters the lake, with a total length of 62 kilometers. Fuhe Wharf was once the hub of waterway traffic in Baoding City. The region is rich in history and culture.
Tang River Xishengkou section
Don River It is a main main stream of the south branch of the Daqing River, and it is named Tang River because it flows through Tang County, located in the west of Baiyangdian. Originating in the south Cuiping Mountain of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, in the Warring States Period, Suning west into the Yellow River, East Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty through Lingqiu, Laiyuan, Tang County, Ding County, Bo Ye, Li County, Gaoyang into Anxin territory, flowing through Anxin town south, east into Xiongxian, Baxian Tianjin into the sea. After that, in 1330, 1472, 1517, 1801 several times were changed into the lake, and in 1966, a new road (Tanghe New Road) was opened from Jianchang to Hancun Lake. It has a total length of 273 kilometers and a drainage area of 4,990 square kilometers. 1966 will be Qingshui River Merged into the Tang River, the new Tang River is regulated according to the design flow of 2300 cubic meters per second once in 10 years. In 1975, deep water channels were dug on both sides of the Tang River, and new embankments were built on the river beach to build two sewage storage tanks in the north and south. The north reservoir project was put into use after completion, storing industrial sewage discharged by Baoding City all year round, while the south reservoir was not yet put into use. [16]
Xiaoyi River It is also known as Daxi Zhanghe and Duan Jiazhuanggan River, located in the southwest of Baiyangdian Lake. It is a river drain on the plain between Tanghekou. It originates from Huangtai Village of Anguo, passes through Anguo, Daxinzhuang of Dingzhou, joins Yueming River in Panjiaying village of Li County, joins Wenren Fen Qian River in Wanan Village, and flows into Mapangdian Lake in Gaoyang and Tongkou Village of Anxin, with a total length of 90 kilometers.
canal It is called Xushui in ancient times and is located in the west of Baiyangdian Lake Yixian County Five ridges. Water caoby Xushui County Pusan Caoheze, in the late Qing Dynasty, there are ancient Xu river and caohehe confluence, by caohehe paved and named. The canal passes through Guantou Village, then reintegrates the pure water of the Gan River, passes through Longmen Canyon, Longtan Hui Shuiyu Gully, Malianchuan River, Baibao River, Yangzhuang River, Nigou River into Xushui and reaches the south of Dongma Village in Anxin County into Zaohaidian, a total length of 110 kilometers.
The Baohe River (in Hebei Province) Located in the west of Baiyangdian Lake, it is divided into South Waterfall River and North Waterfall River. Also known as Hail River, Bao River. The North Falls River flows through Rongcheng county He Beizhuang village into the Ping river, to Anxin County Santai into the algae mixed lake, after the blockage and abandoned. South Waterfall River is a tributary of drainage, from the east of Xushui Dayin to the south of Zhaili Village in Anxin County, a total length of 73 kilometers.
Ping Ha Located in the west of Baiyangdian Lake, it was called Pingshui and Pingquan River in ancient times. Stem from Dingxing Nanxing Village, flowing through the 15 grade ditch of Tiancun Village, Xushui County, the west of the Xiahe River, the Jizhu River, to Rongcheng County, Hebei Zhuang, into the North Waterfall River, to Pinghe Bridge, Black Longkou, into Anxin County, Santai South Zao mixed lake, a total length of 30 kilometers. [4] [15]

Tributaries of Dian district

Sobai River The original is an ancient river, Qing Qianlong before the White dragon River, by interfluve Gao Yang into Baiyang Lake. Due to disrepair and serious siltation, the river bed became smaller and was renamed Xiaobai River. In 1951, it was excavated from a natural trench. Upstream flow Li County , Suning County Gao Yang, to A surname It flows north along the east side of Baiyangdian into Wenanwa. The main stream length is 71 km.
The interriver section of the ancient Yang River
The ancient Yanghe River is an ancient river, which is called "Sheep River". originally Ziya River After treatment, it became a main drainage river in Henan area of the Qing Dynasty. The upstream branch is divided into east and west, and the east branch is raised Xian County Under the west Gaotan Gate, the west branch up Xianxian Song House west, east and west branches in the south of the city of Hejian eight Li shop concourse, the above river length of 23.94 kilometers, the following river from Renqiu Jinqiao to Suzhuang North Xiaobai River, 19.2 kilometers long. Jinqiao to Dongzhuang branch drain water through Renwen Canal into Wenanwa; The north drains into the lower section of Xiaobai River and flows into Wenanwa. When the drainage of Xiaobai River is not smooth, it passes through the middle of Xiaobai River into the drainage channel of Gou Gezhuang Drainage Station and drains into Zhaowang River. [17]

Flood diversion channel

Don River new road It is located south of Baoding and north of Xiaoyi River in Hebei Province Qingyuan District And Anxin County, starting from East Shiqiao village of Qingyuan, ending in Han Village of Anxin County north into Baiyangdiankou, 24 kilometers long, was built in May 1966.
The newly built floodway It is located north of the Daqing River Xiong County Within the territory, from New building village Northeast, basically parallel to the Daqing River eastbound, through Gaozhuang, through the Lusheng River, through the lone Zhuang head, through the blockade ditch to the northeast of Hongcheng village, and then through Overflow depression Into Dongdian, 25 kilometers long. [8]
The upper section of the Duliu Reduced River, Tianjin Jinghai section
A single stream diminishes the river Due to proximity Duliu Town It got its name by draining Daqing River system into Dongdian water. Starting at Port 6, with Haihe River It runs parallel and then turns northeast, confluence with Haihe River at saltwater Gunan and enters the sea. The length of the river is 43.3 kilometers, with a design flow of 1020 cubic meters per second. [9]
The white ditch diverts the river , Baigou River for Juma River The lower section, located in the northeast of Baiyangdian, the ancient Baigou River once flowed through Baigou Town Hence the name. First from Rongcheng County to Xiongxian County west into the Huangwan River, and then through Anxin County into the Sijiao River, after the diversion from Xiongxian County Guxian village to Henan countercurrent through Anxin County Dayang village into the burn car lake. Baigou River is an artificial river, excavated in 1970, connecting Baiyangdian and the northern branch of Daqing River. It is located in the eastern part of Rongcheng County, starting from the northwest of Xinjiafang Village, south passing between Fuxing Zhuang, Zhao Village and Xiaoxianwang, turning southwest in Zan Village, passing between Ping Wang and Sanxiao Wang, to Liudong Village east and entering Baiyangdian. The river is 11.9 km long and has a designed flow of 500 cubic meters per second. The principle of application is to introduce small and medium flood from north branch of Daqing River into Baiyangdian Lake, and control the flood peak of south branch and north branch according to the flood situation of each river, so as to reduce the flood disaster. [8]
Zhao Wanghe According to the "Annals of Futong of Gi-gi", the Zhaowang River was opened by Ye Boying in the 12th year of Tongzhi. In order to make the Xidian (Baiyangdian) water discharge unblocked, from the Zhaochaidian (Baiyangdian north), through the twelfth Erlian Bridge, to the southeast of Dagang Lake, along the Qianli Embankment to Gougezhuang, the artificially excavated new River, called Zhaowang River, and then merged into the old Zhaowang River. Until the founding of New China, Zhaowang River was the only drainage channel of Baiyangdian. In the 1960s, Zhaowangxin River and Zaolinzhuang flood diversion channels were opened, which were divided into upper, middle and lower sections. [4] [15]
Zhaowang new canal Excavated in 1956, it was originally the Baicaowa flood diversion project of Zhaowang River. The channel starts from the northwest of Hangezhuang Village in Wen 'an County in the west, runs to the north of Erhezhuang Village in the east, crosses between east sheep tuan and West sheep tuan, passes south of Wangzhuang Village, north of Bijiafang village, reaches southeast of Cuijiafang and enters Daqing River, with a total length of 22.54 kilometers. Wangcun flood sluice was built at the top of the canal. From 1969 to 1970, the first part of the Zhaowang New Canal was moved north to 750 meters above the Shigezhuang Road Bridge to undertake the Zhaowang New River. After the diversion, the Zhaowang New Canal flowed northeast and entered the Daqing River at the west pier. From the Zhaowangxin River to the west Wharf water storage gate, a total of 22 kilometers, mainly in the flood season to store farmland irrigation water, a design flow of 2700 cubic meters per second once a decade.
Zhao Wangxin River Wen 'an County section
Zhao Wang Xinhe It was built in 1960 and flows from east to west Wen 'an County Li Chang crossing, east to Xinglong Palace, called Baicaowa new River. In 1962, the dredging depth and extension were carried out, connecting the old beach of Zhabeikou and descending to the front of Wangcun Gate, which was called Zhaowang New River. In the spring of 1969~1970, it was extended to the lower entrance of the new Road in Zaolin Zhuang, Renqiu County, and the Zhaowang River above Gougezhuang, and the lower entrance was changed to 750 meters above the Shigezhuang Highway bridge, connecting with the upper entrance of Zhaowang New Canal, with a total length of 11 kilometers and a design flow of 2700 cubic meters per second once a decade. [11]

Governance and development

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River treatment

1950s
The Daqing River basin is located in the heart of the river basin, and the middle and lower reaches are the Beijing, Tianjin and Bao Triangle areas, which have always suffered serious flood disasters.
The Daqing River is divided into two northern and southern branches, the northern branch is the Baigou river system, the southern branch is the Zhaowang River system. The control area above Baigou is 10,000 square kilometers, while the downstream river is narrow, and the flood discharge capacity of Xiongxian Nanguan is only 400 cubic meters/second, which often causes flooding. In order to solve the incompatibility of the north branch, the new Gaofang flood diversion channel was built in 1951 in Baigou River Xiaokou New Gaofang Village, with a total length of 24 kilometers from new Gaofang to Liujiapu, where it flows into the overflow depression, which runs east along the north bank of Daqing River to near Taishan and into Dongdian. The designed flow of the flood diversion channel is 2000 cubic meters per second, and its function is to divert the north branch flood around Xiongxian Kakou into Dongdian.
The first floodway gate was built 400 meters wide, with a lead wire cage to protect the bottom and an elevation of 11.4 meters (Yellow Sea). In 1956, there was a heavy rain in Zijingguan of Juma River, and the flood situation in the north branch of Daqing River was serious, and the new Gaofang floodway had a flood diversion of 3000 cubic meters per second.
Another project of Daqing River control is to excavate a single river. After the convergence of Daqing River and Ziya River at the sixth port, both of them enter the sea from the main stream of Haihe River through the Xihe River. Due to the limited discharge of Haihe River, the water level of Dongdian is often high, which affects the drainage from the ground and the surrounding drainage. During the Japanese invasion of China, the 25th Bridge was reserved to the south of the current Duliu Reduced River in case of emergency, so as to ensure the safety of the Jinpu Railway and Tianjin, but the drainage channel and control works were not built.
In order to expand the flood discharge capacity below Dongdian, a single flow reduction river was excavated in Liangwangzhuang from 1952 to 1953. The river from the sixth port to Wanjia Wharf into Beidagang, a total length of 43.5 kilometers, the design flow of 1020 cubic meters/second. The distance between the two levees is 400 meters from Port No. 6 to pipe shop head, and 1020 meters from pipe shop head to Wanjia Wharf. Except for the upper section of the reduced river, the rest of the embankment is flat, and the river bottom fluctuates with the ground to reduce the amount of engineering. The sluice is located in the south of Sixbu Village, with a total of 8 holes, each hole has a net span of 13.6 meters, and the bottom elevation of the sluice is 2.26 meters. Beidagang is a channel to the sea, which was built in 1953 ~ 1956, and has since become a place for water storage.
In 1954, the maximum discharge of the reduced river was 1390 cubic meters per second, and in 1956, the maximum discharge was 1190 cubic meters per second, both exceeding the design standard.
All the branches of the south branch enter Baiyangdian Lake. After the flood is stored by Baiyangdian Lake, it drains through the Zhaowang River from the Shifang Courtyard. The two branches of the south and North merge at Shexing Lake. Due to the narrow channel near Xinzhen and serious water congestion, the north branch flood is often overflowed by Zhaowang River, affecting the south branch flood discharge. Therefore, in 1956, the construction of Zhaowang new canal, the new canal from Wang village to Cui Jia Fang, a total length of 23 kilometers. The distance between the two levees of the new canal is about 630 meters, and the levees are generally flat, most of them have no deep water channels, and the design flow of the new canal is 1200 cubic meters/second. A spillway gate is built in Wangcun, with 10 holes, each hole with a net width of 12 meters, gate bottom elevation of 4.6 meters, and design flow of 1350 cubic meters/second. The construction of the new channel has played a significant role in ensuring that the water level of Baiyangdian Lake does not exceed 10.5 meters, and in communicating with the east and west two lakes to make the flood flow smoothly through the independent river reduction river into the sea.
The completion of the three Daqing River projects, although compared with the later expansion, the standard is still very low, but at that time, the upstream reservoir has not been built, the use of lake storage and flood discharge, has the ability to relieve the ordinary flood disaster, and laid the foundation for the future river system planning. [18]
1960s
According to the statistics of Baigou Station, the annual average suspended sediment transport volume is about 4.5 million cubic meters. After 15 years of operation from 1951 to 1965, the estimated amount of silt accumulated in the 30 kilometers below the flood diversion gate reached 32.6 million cubic meters, which was generally 1 to 2 meters high, reducing the flow capacity. Therefore, in 1969 and 1970, the newly built flood diversion channel was expanded, and the design flow rate of the flood diversion channel was expanded to 5000 cubic meters/second. At the same time, the flood standard of Baigou River was raised to 3,000 cubic meters/second, and the Baigou diversion river was built, which can divert 500 cubic meters/second into Baiyangdian Lake.
Baiyangdian originally had only one outlet for water discharge in Shifang Yuan, although the Zhaowangxin Canal was opened in Baicaowa in 1956, the problem of poor drainage was still unresolved. According to the problems existing in Baiyangdian, the card opening plan of Baiyangdian began at the end of 1964. In 1965, the first phase of the project, including the south of Zolinzhuang village to break the Qianli embankment to open a new river, the two banks of the embankment, in the north of the village of Gougezhuang to break the Qianli embankment into Baicaowa, a total length of 8.2 kilometers, the new road to build four holes of floodgates. The design discharge capacity of the new road is 2000 cubic meters/second, and the design discharge capacity of the sluice is 460 cubic meters/second, and the river does not adapt to the discharge capacity of the sluice gate. To this end, in the winter of 1968 and the spring of 1970, the Zaolinzhuang new Road project was expanded, the channel channel was dredged, a channel channel 15 meters wide was dug on the left side of the main channel, and 25 new holes were built to the south of the original 4-hole gate, and the drainage capacity of the whole river was increased from 2000 cubic meters per second to 2300 cubic meters per second. At the same time, the Shifangyuan overflow weir was built from 1968 to 1970, with a designed flow rate of 400 cubic meters per second. In this way, when the water level is 9.1 meters, the flood diversion capacity is 2700 cubic meters/second. In case of over-standard flood, when the diastal level is 9.95 meters, the Zaolinzhuang floodway can flow through 4260 cubic meters per second, and the floodway can be diverted from Wangcun Gate to Wenanwa by 1350 cubic meters per second.
In 1967, the Zhaowang New Canal was planned at the same time of the expansion of Baiyangdian floodway. In 1969, the design flow of Zhaowang New Canal was expanded to 2700 m3 / s, matching that of the upstream Zaolinzhuang floodway. The former Wangcun gate was changed to Wenanwa flood diversion control project. The flow into Zhaowangxin Canal is controlled by the Zaolin Zhuang Gate upstream.
After the construction of the new Ziya River in 1967, the flood of the Ziya River no longer enters the sea through the single flow of the reduced river or the main stream of the Haihe River. In 1968, according to the 50-year once-in-a-year standard, the design flow of the original flood gate was reduced from 1020 cubic meters per second to 840 cubic meters per second, and a new 25-hole flood gate was built on the south side of the original gate with a design flow of 2360 cubic meters per second. In addition, a damp-proof gate was built at the lower mouth of the Duliu Reduced River, with a designed flow rate of 3200 cubic meters per second. The project was completed in June 1969.
After renovating the lake and river in the middle reaches of the Daqing River system and expanding the lower reaches into the sea, a relatively complete flood control system has been formed, which greatly improves the ability of disaster resistance. The southern branch of the river into Baiyangdian, after regulation and storage from Zaolin Zhuang through Wangcun to Dongdian, the design discharge of the whole line has reached 2700 cubic meters/second; North branch Baigou River from Dongzi village to Baigou town, the design flow of 3000 cubic meters/second, Baigou river design flow of 500 cubic meters/second, the north branch flood can be diverted into Baiyangdian. Xinjiafang flood diversion channel from Xinjiafang through the overflow valley to Dongdian, the design flow of the whole line is 5000 cubic meters/second. The south and north branches of flood water are stored by the Dongdian, and 3200 cubic meters per second are discharged into the sea by the solitary river. The design standard reaches once in 10 to 20 years, and the check standard of the south branch reaches once in 50 years. [19]

Flood detention area

Baiyangdian Anxin county waters
Baiyang Lake It is a natural depression in the Jizhong Depression formed by differential fault subsidence since Cenozoic era. It was not until the Western Han Dynasty that the outline of the modern geographical Baiyang Lake was roughly formed. "History of Song" called "Baiyang Lake", to the Qing Dynasty Kangxi years changed to "Baiyanglake". Historically, every flood season, the southern branch of the Daqing River flooded into Baiyangdian lake, and the outlet of Baiyangdian Lake was narrow and shallow, resulting in frequent overflow and disaster. In order to prevent floods, Tang Jie presided over the construction of "Tang Dyke", the beginning of the construction of Qianli Dyke. Ming and Qing also carried out some governance, but with little effect. On the contrary, due to the large-scale construction of levees and the reclamation of isolated lake in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the lake berth area was reduced. During the 237 years from the first year of Shunzhi (1644) to the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), the water area of Baiyangdian Lake decreased by 9/10.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council paid great attention to the governance of Baiyangdian. Strengthening the Qianli Dike, opening the new Zaolinzhuang road, excavating the Zhaowangxin canal, Zhaowangxin River, and constructing the Zaolinzhuang Hub have increased the discharge capacity of Baiyangdian outlet from 130 cubic meters per second in the early 1950s to 2700 cubic meters per second. It not only effectively controlled the occurrence of flood disasters, but also created good conditions for the comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources in Baiyangdian.
Baiyangdian is surrounded by dikes, Qianli Dike in the east, Xinanbei Dike in the north, Jianshui Nian, Ma Cun small Nian and Simen Dike in the west, Diannan New Dike and Longhua small Nian in the south, with a total length of 230 kilometers, and a total area of 366 square kilometers in the Dian, spanning Anxin, Gaoyang, Renqiu, Xiongxian, Rongcheng 5 counties. It receives the floodwater from the Shulong River, Xiaoyi River, Tanghe River, Fuhe River, Caohe River, Puhe River, Ping River and Baigou River, with a designed total discharge of 6595 cubic meters per second. After regulating and storing through the lake, it drains down from Zaolin Zhuang and enters Dongdian through Zaolin Zhuang New Road, Zhaowangxin River and Zhaowangxin Canal. The diaster-level is generally 4.1 to 5.1 meters, and the designed flood detention level is 9.1 meters, and the flood detention capacity is 1.038 billion cubic meters. On August 4, 1963, the highest flood detention level was 10.18 meters, and the corresponding flood detention volume was 4.173 billion cubic meters. [20]
Dongdian It was called Yongma Abal in ancient times and Triangle Lake in Qing Dynasty. It spans Baxian and Wen 'an counties in Hebei Province and the western suburbs of Tianjin. The designed flood detention water level is 6.56 meters (the sixth fort), the corresponding flood detention volume is 952 million cubic meters, and the submerged area is 345 square kilometers. The diastal elevation is generally 3.1 ~ 3.6 meters, with the lowest of 2.2 meters in the east. There is the Ziya River right embankment in the east, the Qianli Embankment in the south (also known as the Gedian embankment), the overflow depression in the west and the new Fangfang diversion channel, the Zhongting embankment in the north, the total length of the surrounding embankment is 129 kilometers. There is Daqing River in the south of Diannei, with a flood flow of 600 ~ 800 cubic meters/second; North of the Zhongting River, mainly to drain, drainage capacity of about 200 cubic meters/second. On August 31, 1963, the highest flood detention level was 7.06 meters, and the corresponding flood detention volume was 1.150 billion cubic meters. [21]
Wenanwa Located in the east of Baiyangdian, south of Daqing River and Dongdian, west of Ziya River, Wenan and Dacheng County, there are 98 villages, a population of 71,100 people, and 240,000 acres of cultivated land. Low-lying area of 230 square kilometers, most of the elevation of 2.3 ~ 2.6 meters, the terrain is dish-shaped, no drainage outlet before 1949, water by natural consumption, water all year round. Local people spread the proverb "flooded Wenanwa, ten years do not go home". Historically, it has absorbed 5,200 square kilometers of drainage in the South of Cheong Province and the flood of the Daecheong and Ziya rivers. In the past 60 years since the 20th century, the Qing and Ziya rivers have breached 15 times, and Wenan Wa has been flooded for 37 years. In 1954, 1956 and 1963, the flood was diverted to Wenanwa three times. Among them, the highest flood detention level on August 31, 1963 was 7.19 meters, and the corresponding flood detention volume was 4.557 billion cubic meters. [22]
Langouwa Located in the west of Baigou River, south of North Juma River, north of South Juma River, east of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway closed area, an area of 840 square kilometers, 950,000 acres of arable land. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with an upper surface elevation of 30 to 34 meters and a lower surface elevation of 13 meters. In addition to the drainage of the local area, the basin must also accept the diversion water of the Baigou River and the South Juma River. When the designed flood storage water level is 17.0 meters, the corresponding water storage capacity is 220 million cubic meters, the inundated area is 110 square kilometers, 131 villages, the population is 84,000 people, and the cultivated land is 141,000 mu. [23]
Jia Kouwa It is the general name of Qianjin, Xiusaibo and old Nibo, located in the east of the lower reaches of the Ziya River, the west of the lower reaches of the South Canal, and Jinghai County in the southeast of Dongdian. Low-lying, small water is divided into three, when the water is connected into one, the history of Black dragon port area drain gathered here, the perennial drain. In 1954, when planning the management of the Black Dragon Port, the area north of Jing (Jinghai) and Wa (Wazitou) Road was designated as the stagedrain area, named "Jia Kouwa". Jiaguwa is only used as a temporary flood detention area in order to ensure the safety of Ziya new Hebei Dike under special circumstances. When its designed flood storage water level is 8.0 meters, the corresponding delayed flood storage capacity is 373 million cubic meters, the inundated area is 110.3 square kilometers, 111 villages, the population is 139,800 people, and the cultivated land is 165,500 mu.
Tuanpowa Located in Jinghai County and Dagang District of Tianjin, it is located in the closed area surrounded by the three rivers of the South Canal, the Ma Chang Reduction River and the single flow reduction River. Historically, it is a low-lying saline-alkali land with perennial water, and it is also the only way for the Henan and western sea to enter the sea. The application principle of Tuanpowa is as follows: when the major flood of Daqing River is fully discharged in the main stream of Haihe River and the Duliu Reduced River, and Dongdian River, Wenanwa River and Jiakouwa River are used successively, and the water level of the three valleys reaches 8.0 meters and the water level of the sixth Fort continues to rise, the two embankments of the South Canal are broken, and the 25 hole bridge of Jinpu Railway is used to divert the flood into Tuanpowa River. After the flood diversion, the two levees of the Pachang Reduced River drain down, and finally enter the sea through the south side of Beidagang and the north side of the Ziya New River. [24]

Storage works

Daqing River system, built Hengshanling, oral, Wangkuai, Xidang, Longmen, Angezhuang 6 large reservoirs (total storage capacity of 3.35 billion cubic meters), control the basin area of 9718.5 square kilometers, accounting for 52.1% of the mountain area.
Western ocean reservoir
Western ocean reservoir Located in the Tang River mountain pass 1 km north of West Baoshui Village, Tang County, Baoding, Hebei Province, it is a large reservoir in the middle reaches of the Tang River, south branch of the Great Qing River. The control basin area is 4420 square kilometers (all mountainous areas), accounting for 88.5% of the Tanghe mountain basin area. It was built in 1958 and extended in 1970. Major structures include main and secondary DAMS, aqueducts, normal spillways and spillways. With a total storage capacity of 1.07 billion cubic meters and a maximum dam height of 54 meters, it is a comprehensive utilization of water conservancy project focusing on flood control, irrigation and power generation. [25]
Wangkuai reservoir
Wangkuai reservoir It is a large water conservancy project in the upper reaches of Shahe River, south branch of Daqing River, located 1 km west of Zhengjia Village, Quyang County, Baoding District, Hebei Province, 23.6 km away from Quyang County. Originally known as Zhengjiazhuang Reservoir, it was officially named Wangkuai Reservoir on October 20, 1958. The control basin area is 3770 square kilometers, accounting for 59% of the Shahe river basin area. Major buildings include the main dam, spillway, spillway and power station. With a total storage capacity of 1.389 billion cubic meters and a maximum dam height of 62 meters, it is a large reservoir mainly for flood control combined with irrigation and power generation. [26]
Hengshanling Reservoir It is located near Fenggou Village, Chatou Township, Lingshou County, Hebei Province, upstream of the Maghe River in the Daqing River system, with a control basin area of 440 square kilometers. Is a flood control, irrigation combined with power generation, fish farming and other comprehensive utilization of large (II) type water conservancy project, the project grade is II. Construction began in June 1958, the main project except for the power station was completed in June 1960, the reservoir was expanded from March 1970 to October 1972, and the canal head power station was continued from 1980 to 1984. In 1991 and 1992, the reservoir was reinforced. After many years of use, the reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation. The floods of 1963, 1967, 1968, 1975, and 1996 were stored and played a role in reducing the peak flood flow. The designed irrigation area of Hengshanling Reservoir is 360,000 mu, the effective irrigation area is 360,000 mu, and the annual irrigation water supply is 74.48 million cubic meters. The annual power generation is 1.66 million KWH. [27]
Oral reservoir It is located on the Gao River, a tributary of the Shahe River in the south branch of the Daqing River, and controls a basin area of 142.5 square kilometers. It is a comprehensive utilization reservoir for flood control, irrigation and power generation and aquaculture. The reservoir hub project consists of a dam, a drainage tunnel, a normal and extraordinary spillway on the bank and a power station. The reservoir design flood is designed once in a hundred years and checked once in a thousand years. Construction of the hub project began in May 1958 and the main project was completed in October 1964. It was expanded from 1970 to 1973 with the construction of a power station and a normal spillway. The total storage capacity is 105.6 million cubic meters, the flood transfer storage capacity is 600.8 million cubic meters, the Xingli storage capacity is 0.16.1 million cubic meters, and the dead storage capacity is 0.15.99 million cubic meters. [28]
Longmen reservoir Located in Mancheng County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, Caohe River main stream, Caohe River belongs to the Haihe River basin Daqing River system. It is a large (II) water conservancy project based on flood control combined with irrigation and other comprehensive utilization, and the project grade is II. Founded in February 1958, from November 1959 to June 1960 on the basis of the medium-sized reservoir expanded into a large reservoir, a total storage capacity of 118 million cubic meters, for a hundred years of design, millennium check. From November 1974 to June 1977, the reservoir reinforcement and expansion project was carried out, and in 2002, the reservoir reinforcement project was carried out. [29]
Angerzhuang Reservoir
Angerzhuang Reservoir Located in Yi County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, Angerzhuang Village west, is located in Zhongyi Water In the middle and upper reaches, the control basin covers an area of 476 square kilometers. It is a large (II) type water conservancy project with comprehensive utilization mainly for flood control and irrigation. The project grade is II. Founded in June 1958, Angerzhuang Reservoir began construction in June 1958, the main project was completed in June 1960, and it was put into use without acceptance. The hub is not perfect and supporting, and some engineering projects have left considerable unfinished work, so since 1960, the reservoir has been in use and construction for a long time. In 2001, the reservoir was strengthened. After the reinforcement, the total storage capacity is 303.39 million cubic meters, the flood storage capacity is 201.35 million cubic meters, the Xingli storage capacity is 145.532 million cubic meters, and the dead storage capacity is 0.386 million cubic meters. [30]

Flood control works

In the 37th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1698), Yongding River levees were built, Yongding River water was introduced into the triangle Lake, and south levees were built to isolate the Daqing River from Yongding River. Qianlong ten years (1745) to build thousands of miles of levees, built outside the lake embankment, will Qianli Embankment It was extended to Fuguanying, and a new embankment was built from Fuguanying to the dam platform to completely separate Wenanwa from the Dian River and become an independent lake. Therefore, the Daqing River has a south embankment but no north embankment, the Zhongting River has a north embankment but no south embankment, and the south embankment of the lower reaches of the Yongding River is the left embankment of the West River. The left bank of Dongdian and the triangle Lake were swallowed by the Yongding River, so the area of Dongdian was reduced to 345 square kilometers.
Hutuo River to the Daqing River interference is also very serious, ancient migration is different, Qin and Han dynasties, in order to block the south water invasion of the north began to build a thousand Li levee, Song, Ming Dynasty, continued to rebuild, to the early Qing Dynasty has been connected to shape. According to "Zhili River Canal Annals" recorded "thousands of miles long dike, Xianxian County Zangjia Bridge, surrounding four Shuntian, Baoding, Hejian three Fu, more than a thousand miles long, along the river around the lake, the people's livelihood of dozens of counties", the flood disaster of Xidian and Dongdian was relatively reduced, Guangxu seven years (1881) after digging Zhujiakou river, from Zangjia Bridge into the Ziya River, In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), the north levee of Hutuo River was built to reduce the interference to the Daqing River.
In order to cooperate with the dam reduction project to prevent the dam from breaking, from April to June 1953, the former Daqing River Administration organized the construction, and the two dikes of Daqing River were repaired.
In the floods of 1954 and 1956, the Dutail embankment of the right embankment of the Daqing River was destroyed by water, and it was repaired twice. In 1954, the total length of the embankment was 7.95 km, with a total of 41,941 cubic meters of earthwork. 1956 From Renqiu, Xiongxian boundary to the junction point 18.37 kilometers long restoration, top width of 5 meters, inner slope ratio of 1∶2, 1∶3, completed 70492 cubic meters of earth work.
In order to reduce the water level of Baiyangdian Lake, reduce the flood in the middle and lower reaches, relieve the threat of flood to the Qianli Embankment, and ensure the safety of Tianjin and Jinpu Railway. In February 1955, the Water Resources Department of Hebei Province put forward the Preliminary Design of the Zhaowang New Canal Project in the middle reaches of the Daqing River, and in February 1956, it put forward the Technical Design of the Zhaowang New Canal project in the middle reaches of the Daqing River (including the Baicaowa Spillway), and opened the Zhaowang new Canal in the east of Wangcun in the same year. The project under the leadership of the Tianjin special zone water Engineering Committee, by the Tianjin, the two special zones to organize the construction, to participate in the construction of 24 counties, 61,500 people, started on April 2, July 24 completed. The left embankment of the new canal is 21.42 kilometers long, the right embankment is 23.21 kilometers long, and the inner shoulder distance of the two embankments is 620 meters from 1.1 kilometers below the center of the sluice floor. The new canal is 22.54 kilometers long, and 7.724 million cubic meters of earth work and 3,138 cubic meters of stone work are completed.
From 1963 to 1964, the dike restoration project was 35.09 kilometers long from Xiao Temple to the dam platform. Due to the flood in 1963, some sections of the dike were washed down to more than 1 meter high and needed to be repaired. The project restoration plan was prepared by Baoding and Tianjin and approved by the Water Resources Department of Hebei Province. From autumn 1963 to June 1964, the construction of Xiongxian County in Baoding area and Wenan County in Tianjin area completed a total of 809,832 cubic meters of earthwork, with a top width of 7 meters, and an inner slope of 1∶2 and an outer slope of 1∶3.
1. Daqing River dredging and diversion project: starting from 2.5 kilometers east of Cuijiafang and ending at the confluence with Ziya River, with a total length of 34.6 kilometers. The starting height is 0.18 meters, the longitudinal slope is 1/20000, the river bottom is 20 ~ 38 meters wide, and the slope is 1∶4. Among them, 3.41 kilometers above 10 rooms were dredged from the former Daqing River; Anlitun to the east of Taitou village 12.1 km long is a diversion project; A length of 4.6 km from the east of Taitou Village to the west of Laolong Bay is dredged; Laolong Bay west to Ziya Estuary 3.7 km long diversion works. The channel is 90 meters from the left Mønian.
2. River channel left protection of Maian: from the east of Cuijiafang village to the east of Taitou village 28.2 km. The top width is 4 meters, the slope is 1∶4, the back slope is 1∶3. The embankment is 120 meters away.
1974 Dongdian Daqing River control project: This project is to solve the problems of excessive and small deep water channel of Dongdian Daqing River, insufficient drainage capacity of Zhongting River, and flooding of small water Dongdian. The excavation plan of Zhongting River is 72 kilometers, of which Xiaomiao to Yangfen Port 6 kilometers, the bottom of the river is 20 meters wide, and the upper mouth is 120 meters wide. South of Zhongting River fill small Nian, designed flow of 270 meters 3/ s; Daqing River is planned to be excavated 33 kilometers long, from Wang Yue to Jinhong sluice embankment distance of 220 ~ 400 meters, bottom width of 90 ~ 75 meters, design flow of 650 ~ 850 meters 3/ s; On October 25 of that year, more than 30,000 migrant workers were mobilized from the four counties of Wenan, Baxian, Gu 'an and Yongqing in Langfang area (formerly Tianjin area). Due to the change of administrative division, Jinghai County belongs to Tianjin, so the Dongdian Daqing River control project stops at the junction of the provinces and cities, Taitou Village, Xier Haogou, forming a situation of large and small water.
In 1976, due to the treatment of the above Erhao Gully, the following sections have not been treated, although the flood season by Jinghai County rescue team, but the Taitou West Erhao Gully is still broken. In 1979, the Taitou East river was large and small, and the rapid flow of human boundary caused the embankment to burst and the Taitou Bridge to be destroyed.
In 1980, Tianjin invested 2 million yuan, the design was proposed by Jinghai County according to the governance standards of neighboring counties, and the construction was carried out by the Baxian Radical governance Haihe Headquarters after negotiation, and the flood control project of the left bank of the Daqing River was carried out. The whole section is 15.83 kilometers long, with 1,166,200 cubic meters of earth work completed and 652,300 working days of pure soil marking. It entered the field on March 23 and was completed on May 10, with 19 companies of 3,800 people and 40 tractors, and the length of the completed section is 12.7 kilometers (the remaining part is completed by the West Suburban Water Resources Bureau after entering the former West suburban boundary). The north embankment is added to the river, with Xiaojiapu River as the boundary, the west, the top of the embankment is 8 meters wide, the east, the top of the embankment is 6 meters wide, and the slope is 1∶3; Wenan, Jinghai junction top height 7.06 meters, the end into the flood gate, top height of 5.56 meters. And by Jinghai County to rebuild the Taitou bridge, strengthen the right embankment through the embankment building.
From May 29 to June 15, 1985, Taitouwei Village embankment was basically completed, with a length of 2,659 meters and a top height of 7.56 meters, with 168,000 cubic meters of soil work, and the shared capital of 233,700 yuan for clearing works after the flood. [9]

Hub project

Zaolinzhuang hub 25 hole gate
Zaolin Zhuang hub It is located in the south of Zaolinzhuang Village, Renqiu City, Hebei Province, and the entrance of Zaozhuang flood diversion channel, which is the control project of Baiyangdian flood discharge, consisting of 4 hole locks, ship locks, 25 hole locks and Zhabeikou overflow weir (located at the old site of the ancient 12th Erlian Bridge of Zhaowang River). It was completed in 1965 and 1970. The principle of application is: in flood season, when the water level of Baiyangdian Shifang Courtyard is 6.6 meters, the sluice should be released according to the situation; When the water level exceeds 7.6 meters, the overflow weir will overflow. When the guaranteed flood level of 9.1 meters (once in 10 years) is reached, the design total discharge of the hub project is 2700 cubic meters/second, and the check water level is 9.95 meters (once in 50 years), the total discharge is 4,140 cubic meters/second. When the north branch meets the standard flood, the water level of the sixth fort in Dongdian is 6.56 meters, the upper water level of Zaolinzhuang gate is below 9.1 meters, and the lower water level of Zaolinzhuang Gate is above 7.1 meters, and there is no flood forecast in the upper reaches of Baiyangdian Lake, the control discharge of Zaolinzhuang Gate is staggered with the north branch. After the flood, the highest water level in the lake is 7.4 meters.
New Jiafang hub seven hole flood diversion gate
New building junction Baigou river into sluice
New building hub It is located 2 kilometers below the confluence point of the South Zhuma River and Baigou River, northeast of Xiongxian Xinjiafang Village, and consists of the combination of flood sluice and weir buildings, Baigou river entrance sluice and Daqing River original channel irrigation sluice. Baigou sluice discharges flood water into Baiyangdian Lake, and sluice weir discharges flood water into Dongdian Lake. Irrigation sluice diverts water according to the irrigation water requirements of the lower reaches of Daqing River. It was built in June 1970. The application principle is: when the upper water level of the new Gaofang gate exceeds 12.5 meters, the gate is opened to release flood through the new Gaofang floodway and overflow weir, and the flow rate is 5000 cubic meters/second; When the upper water level of the new Gaofang gate drops below 12.5 meters, the new Gaofang floodgate is closed, and the flood drains through the Baigou river. When the water level of Shifangyuan exceeds 9.1 meters, the Baigou diversion gate is closed, and all the flood water is discharged from the new Fangfang diversion channel, and the drainage to the Baigou diversion river is stopped. Daqing River irrigation sluice releases water according to downstream water requirements, and is generally not used for flood discharge.
Wangcun sluice It is located in north Hangezhuang village, Wen 'an County, Hebei Province. The initial purpose of the construction was to control the discharge of Baiyang Lake, reduce the flood problem in the middle and lower reaches of the Daqing River, and maintain a certain depth of water in the Baiyang Lake for the development of fish reed production. From 1955 to 1970, it was called "Zhaowang New Canal flood sluice". Construction began on June 3, 1955 and was completed by the end of the year. The principle of application is: from the construction to 1970, the flood season is generally not controlled, and the flood is fully discharged; When the water level of the sixth fort in Dongdian reaches 6.56 meters, the discharge is properly controlled. After 1971, the gates were generally closed. When the water level of the sixth fort in Dongdian reaches 6.56 meters, the water level of the Shifang yuan in Baiyangdian reaches 9.1 meters, and the water potential continues to rise, the Hebei flood control headquarters decides to open the Wangcun gate to Wenanwa flood diversion. When the water level of Shifang Courtyard of Baiyangdian Lake drops below 9.1 meters, the total amount of the south branch and the north branch into Dongdian Lake is less than the discharge of Dongdian Lake, the Wangcun floodgate will be closed.
The North gate after the expansion of the Duliu Meihe Jinhongsluice junction
Single flow reduced river into flood gate hub It is located in the south of Sixth Fort Village, Xiqing District, Tianjin, at the intersection of Daqing River and Ziya River. The main project includes the old gate, the new gate and the road bridge, whose main function is to release the flood water into the sea during the flood season. The upper water level of the old gate was 6.56 meters, the lower water level of the gate was 6.25 meters, and the flow rate through the gate was 1020 cubic meters/second, which was reduced to 840 cubic meters/second when the new gate was built in 1968. The new gate design gate water level 6.56 meters, the gate water level 6.36 meters, through the gate flow 2360 cubic meters/second. The new gate is located on the right side of the old gate, and the center line of the two gates is 450 meters apart. Construction began in October 1952 and was completed in July 1953. The principle of application is to give full play to the maximum capacity of flood discharge and drainage when the water level of the sixth fort is above 3.5-4.0 meters, to ensure the implementation of one water and one wheat in Dongdian, and to use the single-flow reduced river channel to store water after the flood. Since the old gate was built in 1985, it has been used for three times beyond the design flood standard.
West River control gate
West river gate junction ( Ziya river west sluice junction It is located in the northwest of Yangliuqing Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 15 kilometers below the confluence of Daqing River and Ziya River on the Xihe River at the lower mouth of Dongdian. The project is composed of dam blocking, control lock and ship lock. The project tasks are: to hold the flood of Daqing, Ziya and South Canal, and to use Dongdian regulation to control the discharge when the flood of "three rivers" and the flood of Yongding River encounter, to ensure that the flood of Haihe main stream does not exceed the safe discharge; It can also use Dongdian, Wenanwa, Jiakouwa and Duliu Meihe river channel water storage, development of irrigation, shipping and water supply for Tianjin.
Tide lock for workers, peasants and soldiers ( Single-flow damp-proof sluice It is located at the estuary of Tangjia River, Dagang District, Tianjin. The main tasks of the project are flood drainage and water storage, and it has comprehensive benefits. In terms of flood control and drainage, the Dagang Oil field and Tanggu salt Farm are protected recently, and the threat of Daqing River flood to Tianjin and Jinpu Railway is reduced. After the completion of the upstream river supporting projects, the Daqing River system Baigou River and Shifang Yuan below the 20-year flood will not divert flood to Wenanwa, and the 50-year flood will only inundate 900,000 mu of Wenanwa's land, making Tianjin's flood control standard reach a 50-year flood. In the aspect of water storage irrigation, the water from Daqing River and South Canal can be blocked into Beidagang Reservoir; At the same time, the saline water was rejected, the soil was improved, rice was developed, and fish and reed were planted. It was completed in November 1967. [31]
The North gate after the expansion of the floodgate of the single flow reduced river
Single flow reduced river into flood gate hub . Located in the west suburb of Tianjin sixth port village south, Daqing River and Ziya River confluence alone at the upper mouth of the reduced river. Including old flood gate, new flood gate, low water gate, water station, low water canal, highway bridge head diversion hub and so on. Construction began in October 1952 and was completed in July 1953. Construction began in November 1968 and was completed in June 1969. The main purpose is to control the flood outlet of Daqing River, taking into account irrigation. [32]

Irrigation project

In addition to Xiongxian, Wen 'an, Bazhou, Jinghai, etc., the main irrigation areas in the upper reaches of the Daqing River are:
Shahe Irrigation District. Its predecessor was built by the Jinxi-Cha-Ji Border Area Administrative Committee during the Anti-Japanese War. In 1941, it was built at the Diaoyutai foothill of Tashan Mountain on the left bank of Shahe River, winding down around the hillside and retreating into the Mengliang River. At that time, it was named "Rongzhen Canal" and planned to irrigate an area of 70,000 mu. By 1949, the irrigated land area reached 24,000 mu. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state invested in the renovation and expansion of the channel, extended the branch canal, built the sluices, culverts and other buildings, improved the irrigation conditions, and strengthened the leadership of management work, by 1955, the irrigation area developed to nearly 50,000 mu, which doubled before the founding of the People's Republic, and by 1957 the irrigation area expanded to 85,000 mu. In the summer of 1957, Yang Zhimin, secretary of the CPC Quyang County Party Committee, went to Beijing to report to Marshal Nie Rongzhen on the water conservancy construction in Quyang County, and according to Nie Shuai's instructions, changed "Rongzhen Canal" to "anti-Japanese Canal". In 1959, with the construction of Wangkuai Reservoir, it was named "Shahe Irrigation Area", and the control area of the anti-Japanese canal was included in the scope of Shahe irrigation area and incorporated into the irrigation system of Shahe Irrigation area.
Tang River irrigation District. The predecessor is Guangli Canal, according to Tang County records, Guangli Canal was built in Jintai and six years (1206), the initial benefit area of only more than 1000 mu. The irrigation area was diverted from the foot of Fengshan Mountain, and the diversion flow was 10 cubic meters per second by 1945, and the canal mouth was rebuilt from 1946 to 1947. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the irrigated land area grew to 55,000 mu. In 1954, the irrigated area expanded to 90,200 mu. With the development of agricultural cooperation movement, the irrigated area reached 140,000 mu in 1957. In 1958, the benefiting area was expanded to Wangdu, Dingxian and Tangxian counties, and the irrigated area reached 207,000 mu. With the construction of the West Ocean Reservoir, the irrigation area was changed to be diverted by the reservoir and renamed Tanghe Irrigation Area.
Shahe Irrigation District was built in 1959 and brought into full play in 1961, with a designed irrigation area of 1.5 million mu. It includes the original three medium-sized irrigation areas, namely, the anti-Japanese Canal, the Leaping Canal and the masses canal. It was built between 1959 and 1960.
The Tanghe Irrigation Area began to divert water from the Xidang Reservoir after generating electricity in 1959, which took effect in 1962, and Guangli Canal was merged into the Tanghe Irrigation Area in 1963. Designed maximum diversion flow of 68 cubic meters/second, designed irrigation area of 750,000 mu, effective irrigation area of 425,000 mu.
The easier-water irrigation canal is supplied by Angerzhuang Reservoir. Angerzhuang Reservoir is designed according to the anti-regulation reservoir of Zijingguan Hydropower Station in Juma River. Before the power station was built, the water of Juma River was diverted into Angerzhuang Reservoir through Wuyi Canal to regulate the irrigation efficiency. Designed irrigation area of 390,000 mu, effective irrigation area of 280,000 mu. [33]

Fairway shipping

Schematic diagram of Passenger Routes of Hebei Provincial Inland River Navigation Bureau (June 1937)
Historically, Baoding was connected by water to Tianjin via Baiyangdian Lake. The inland navigation from Baoding to Tianjin began in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, from Baoding to Baiyang Lake, which was known as the "Nine Rivers into the lake" in history, and then to the east through the Daqing River into the Tianjin Haihe River. "Hebei Province Shipping History" clearly mentioned that "Daqing River voyage 200 kilometers", "Hebei Province Annals of traffic" also mentioned that the Daqing River route from Tianjin to Baoding is 200 kilometers.
From the Ming and Qing dynasties to the 1960s, the Fuhe River, Baiyangdian River and Daqing River formed an important inland shipping channel between Tianjin and Baoshan. According to statistics, in 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), 59,604 boats entered and left Tianjin, and 21,236 boats came from the Daqing River, accounting for 35.6% of the total. After the signing of the Treaty of Beijing in 1860, Tianjin was opened as a treaty port, and the shipping trade between Tianjin and Baoding increased day by day. Until the 1960s, the inland navigation between Tianjin and Bao gradually dried up and abandoned due to drought, upstream reservoir construction and other reasons. [5]

Basin profile

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EDITOR
The Daqing River system is located in the middle of the Haihe River Basin, starting from Taihang Mountain in the west, bordered by Bohai Bay in the east, bounded by Yongding River in the north, and Hutuo River and Ziya Xin River in the south. It is about 275 kilometers long from east to west and 200 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 43,060 square kilometers. Among them, 18,659 square kilometers are mountainous areas and hills, accounting for 43.3% of the basin area. Plain and depression 24,401 square kilometers, accounting for 56.7% of the basin area; The general geographical structure is Yongding River alluvial fan in the north and Hutuo River alluvial fan in the south. The total area of arable land is about 23 million mu, and the population is about 13 million people. [1]

Flood storage area activated

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EDITOR
On August 1, 2023, according to the flood forecast, the flow of the new Fangfang hub in the upper reaches of the Daqing River in the Haihe River basin increased, the water level of the Daqing River continued to rise, and the Dongdian flood storage area of the Daqing River reached the operational conditions, and the Dongdian flood storage area was opened. [34]
At 17:00 on August 6, 2023, the discharge of Daqing River flood gate is 582 cubic meters per second, the water level of Daqing River Sixth Bao is 4.46 meters, the Dongdian flood storage area has been put into use, and the river course of Daqing River will exceed the guaranteed water level, according to the "Tianjin Flood Warning and Release Management Measures" (Jinshui Comprehensive [2022]19). Tianjin Hydrology and water resources Management Center issued a red flood warning for Daqing River at 17:00 on August 6, 2023, asking citizens to stay away from Daqing River channel and Dongdian flood storage area to ensure their own safety, pay attention to precautions, and stay away from the river The region. [35] As of 16:00 on August 13, the water level of Daqing River Terrace section was 5.72 meters, and the Daqing River continued to maintain high water level operation, and the flood flow was generally safe and controllable. As of 16:00 on August 13, the Daqing River had accumulated 881 million cubic meters of flood water to the solitary River. [36]
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