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Arc de Triomphe

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One of the national symbols of France, the city of Paris landmark monument

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synonymThe Arc de Triomphe in Paris(Paris Arc de Triomphe) generally refers to the Arc de Triomphe (one of the national symbols of France, the landmark monument of the city of Paris)

This entry is reviewed by the "Science China" science encyclopedia entry compilation and application work project.

The Arc de Triomphe (French: L'Arc de Triomphe) is located at French Republic capital Paris The downtown Champs-Elysees, located in the center of the Place de Gaulle Star in Paris, is to celebrate Battle of Austerlitz Victory, by First French Empire Emperor Napoleon Presided over the construction of a monumental building, is one of the national symbols of France, one of the four representative buildings of France, the city of Paris As a souvenir A tablet. ^[2-3]

The Arc de Triomphe, as its name implies, is a gate that welcomes the triumphant return of the armies going out to battle. It is the largest circular arch in the world and is located on the central roundabout of Charles de Gaulle Place in the center of Paris. The square is also built with the lion's Arc de Triomphe, because after the completion of the Arc de Triomphe, brought inconvenience to the traffic, so in the middle of the 19th century, around the Arc de Triomphe built a circular square and 12 roads, each road has 40 to 80 meters wide, radial, like the star issued a brilliant light, so the square is also called the star square. The Arc de Triomphe is also called the "Star Gate".

Chinese name: Arc de Triomphe
Foreign name: L'Arc de Triomphe

Geographical position: Champs-elysees Avenue in the heart of Paris, the capital of the French Republic
age: First French Empire

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Historical evolution

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Design drawings of the triumphal arch

Napoleon To commemorate the victory over the Russian and Austrian forces in 1805, he ordered the construction of "a great sculpture" in 1806 to welcome the victorious French soldiers in the future. On August 15 of the same year, according to the famous architect Jean Chaglen's design began to break ground, but later after Napoleon was overthrown, the Arc de Triomphe project was midway stop . The year 1830 House of Bourbon After the overthrow, the project could continue. After 30 years on and off, the Triumphal Arch was finally inaugurated on July 29, 1836.

Paris Arc de Triomphe is the largest of more than 100 Arc de Triomphe in Europe, and is also the four representative buildings of the city of Paris (i.e Eiffel Tower , Triumphal Arch, Louvre and Louvre Museum , Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris ) one of them. This majestic building was built to commemorate Napoleon's defeat of the Russian and Austrian coalition forces in the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805, and the 12 streets are centered on the Arc de Triomphe, radiating to the four sides, magnificent and starlike, so it is called" Star square ". After the death of General de Gaulle in 1970, it was renamed General de Gaulle Square. ^[1]

Arc de Triomphe

Architectural feature

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The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is Imperial style The representative building. The rise of this style has an inseparable relationship with Napoleon's advocacy. Its rise and fall have always been closely linked to the fate of Napoleon, these buildings are based on the majestic architecture of the Roman Empire as inspiration and model. They are huge in scale, simple in appearance, and pursue the majesty, calm and majesty of the image. The Arc de Triomphe in Paris takes the arch of ancient Rome as an example, but its scale is larger and its structural style is more concise. Except for the eaves, the walls and the base of the walls, the whole building is not divided into any major divisions, no columns are used, even the buttresses are removed, and there is no molding. The Triumphal arch abandons the Roman Triumphal arch arch Shape, set only one arch, simple and solemn. ^[1]

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Aerial view of the city of Paris with the Arc de Triomphe as the center

Construction of the Arc de Triomphe began on 15 August 1806 and was completed on 29 July 1836. The arch is 49.54 meters high, 44.82 meters wide and 22.21 meters thick, and the central arch is 36.6 meters high and 14.6 meters wide. On the walls of the two gateways of the Arc de Triomphe, there are four groups of large reliefs with war themes:" Go out to battle "、" win "、" peace "And" resist "; Some of the figures are as high as five or six meters. There are doors all around the Arc de Triomphe, and the following is engraved inside the doors Napoleon The names of the 386 generals and 96 victories of the expedition, and the history of the French war between 1792 and 1815 are engraved on the door. The 12 streets of Paris are centered on the Arc de Triomphe, radiating to the four corners and imposing, which is a model for the design of major European cities.

The Arc de Triomphe has an elevator that leads to the 50-meter-high arch. One can also climb the 273-step spiral stone staircase. It houses a small historical museum. The museum displays pictures and historical documents about the architectural history of the Arc de Triomphe, as well as pictures of Napoleon's life. In addition, there are two film screening rooms dedicated to the screening of some of the historical changes of Paris, in English and French interpretation. Visitors can also go to the large platform at the top of the museum, from here you can enjoy the magnificent view of Paris, enjoy the bustling scene of the Champs-Elysees, Eiffel Tower And the Seine River Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris , Sacred Heart Church Such places and customs. ^[1] On the front and back of the two pillars of the Arc de Triomphe there are four famous decorative reliefs:

Go out to battle	win	peace	resist
Go out to battle (Le Depart de 1792)	win (Le Triomphe de 1810)	peace (La Paix de 1815)	resist (La Resistance de 1814)

Go out to battle The statue on the right gatepost of the winged Liberty followed by the energetic soldiers heading out into battle is le Depart des Volontaires, the famous "Volunteer Expedition". Marseillaise (La Marseillaise)"
win Le Triomphe de Napoleon shows the jubilant scene of the victory ceremony held after Napoleon's victory. These two immortal masterpieces occupy an important place in the history of world art.
Peace and resistance : On the lintel facing the Avenue de la Grande Armee is the sculpture "La Republique" by Antoine Etex, Also known as "La resistance" and "La Paix (Song of Peace)".

On top of these giant reliefs, there are six flat reliefs, each telling the important historical events of France during the Napoleonic period:

General Marceau's funeral	Battle of Aboukir	Cross the Arcole Bridge
General Marceau's funeral	Battle of Aboukir	Cross the Arcole Bridge
Capture Alexandrie	The Battle of Jemmapes	Battle of Austerlitz
Capture Alexandrie	The Battle of Jemmapes	Battle of Austerlitz

The lintel also bears the names of all the major battles commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte French Revolutionary Wars The name of:

War name

The interior of the arch is also engraved with 558 digits First French Empire The names of the heroes of The Times, some of them with lines under their names, are because they were killed in battle:

South of the Arc de Triomphe	kay spin The door Within the south surface	The inner north of the Arc de Triomphe	kay spin The door Within the north surface
Inside the Arc de Triomphe to the east	kay spin The door Within the In the east surface	Inside the Arc de Triomphe to the west	kay spin The door Within the In the west surface