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Zhao Yuanren

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Zhao Yuanren (November 3, 1892 - February 24, 1982) was a Han Chinese, styled Xuanzhong [1] The word should be heavy [2] , HOME origin Jiangsu (Province) Wujin (now Changzhou). Qing Dynasty POEMS Zhao Yi Later generations [3] . Born in 1892, the 18th year of Guangxu Tianjin . Modern scholars, linguist , Musician . [4-5]
Zhao Yuanren taught in the United States Cornell University , Harvard University , China Tsinghua University , Academia Sinica Historical Language Institute, United States University of Hawaii , Yale University Harvard University, University of Michigan He taught for a long time (1947-1963) University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) and retired in Berkeley [6] . Zhao Yuanren successively won the United States Princeton University (1946), University of California (1962), Ohio State University (1970) Honorary doctorate, Faculty Research Lecturer (1967), University of California, China Peking University Professor Emeritus (1981). [4] Zhao Yuanren died in the United States on February 24, 1982 Massachusetts He was 90 years old.
Zhao Yuanren spoke English, French, German and other foreign languages [31] He is a pioneer of modern Chinese linguistics, known as the "father of modern Chinese linguistics", and also a pioneer of modern Chinese musicology. Science Society of China One of the founders. [8] Zhao Yuanren's representative works in linguistics include The study of modern Wu language "" The grammar of Chinese "Chinese audio film textbook" and so on [4] [9] His musical masterpieces include" Teach me how to miss her "" Sea rhyme "" Xiamen University school song Etc. [11] 10 - , representative translations of the" Alice in Wonderland ", etc. [12]
Chinese name
Zhao Yuanren
Foreign name
Yuen Ren Chao
nationality
America
Ethnic group
The Han nationality
Be educated and educated
Wujin, Jiangsu (now Changzhou)
Date of birth
November 3, 1892
Date of death
February 24, 1982
Graduate School
Cornell University Harvard University
occupation
Linguist, musician
Major achievement
The father of modern Chinese linguistics and the pioneer of modern Chinese musicology
Place of Birth
Tianjin
Representative works
" The study of modern Wu language "Mandarin New Poetry" " The grammar of Chinese "" Teach me how to miss her "" Sea rhyme "
gender
male
Parent language
Wu language
Foreign language ability
English/German/French/Japanese/Russian/Greek/Latin [13]
Dialect ability
will Changzhou dialect And 33 other dialects [13]
word
Xuan Zhong, appropriate heavy

catalogue

  1. 1biography
  2. 2Major influence
  3. ▪Language studies
  4. ▪Music creation
  5. ▪Personnel training
  6. 3Historical evaluation
  1. 4Individual works
  2. ▪Major works
  3. ▪Musical work
  4. ▪Translated work
  5. ▪Publish a book
  6. 5Family member
  1. 6Anecdotal allusion
  2. ▪Linguistic genius
  3. ▪Be recognized as a fellow countryman
  4. ▪Modern marriage
  5. ▪Refuse to be headmaster
  6. ▪Beatboxing tour
  7. ▪One-tone story
  1. ▪Promote national language
  2. ▪Dialect survey
  3. ▪Make a record
  4. 7memorialize

biography

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EDITOR
Zhao Yuanren was born in Tianjin on November 3, 1892. [1] His father was a young man who was good at playing the flute. mother Von Lessen Good at poetry and Kunqu opera.
In 1900, at the age of eight, he returned to his hometown Changzhou Green Fruit Lane I studied in the second school of my family. [1]
In 1906, at the age of 14, he entered Changzhou Xishan Primary School. [1]
In 1907, he entered the Preparatory School of Jiangnan College of Higher Learning in Nanjing and achieved excellent results [1] .
In July 1910, the Aesthetic Affairs Department of the Qing Court was admitted to the second place in the Beijing entrance examination (the entrance examination won a total of 70). In August of the same year, he went to the United States Cornell University Learn math. [14] Physics, music.
He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1914.
In 1915, he entered Harvard University, majoring in philosophy and continuing to take music as an elective. [15]
Young Zhao Yuanren
He received a doctorate in philosophy from Harvard University in 1918.
In 1919, he joined the faculty of Physics at Cornell University. [15]
In 1920, in Tsinghua University Teaches physics, mathematics and psychology. [15]
Winter 1920. British philosopher Russell He gave lectures in China and Zhao Yuanren acted as interpreter for him. [15]
On June 1, 1921, with Yang Buwei Get married. [15]
In 1921, Zhao and his wife moved to the United States, where Zhao became a lecturer in philosophy and Chinese and studied linguistics at Harvard University. [1]
In 1925, he returned to Tsinghua University to teach mathematics, physics, Chinese phonology, general linguistics, modern Chinese dialects, Chinese sheet music and Western music appreciation. [1] Otherness and Liang Qichao , Wang Guowei , Chen Yinque Together they are known as the "Four Great Mentors" of Tsinghua University.
In 1928, as a researcher of the Language Research Institute of the Academy, he conducted a lot of field research on language and folk music collection. [1]
From 1938 to 1939, in University of Hawaii He taught there. He opened there Chinese music Classes. [1]
From 1938 to 1941, in Yale University Teach. For the next five years, he returned to Harvard to teach and participate Harvard , Yenjing dictionary The editorial work. [1]
In 1945, he was elected president of the Linguistic Society of America and president of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA). [4]
From June to July 1946, Zhao Yuanren attended the preparatory meeting of UNESCO; In July, together with Zhou Peiyuan and Wu Dayou, Zhao Yuanren became a naturalized American citizen during the celebration of the 300th anniversary of Newton's birth. In November, he attended the founding Conference of UNESCO in Paris and was elected Vice President of the conference. [32 ]
In 1947, Minister of Education in the Kuomintang Government Zhu Jiahua We sent a telegram asking Zhao Yuanren to be the president of Nanjing Central University. Zhao Yuanren called back: "Can't do it. Thank you!" [32 ] In the same year, Zhao Yuanren University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) Professor Chinese language And linguistics. [1] [6]
In 1948, he was elected to China The first academician of Academia Sinica , American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) Fellow. [4]
In 1952, he was appointed Professor of Oriental Languages and Philology at the Aggasiz Foundation.
1959, to National Taiwan University Give lectures.
In 1960 he was elected president of the American Oriental Society (AOS). [4]
In 1962, from University of California, Berkeley Retired, still serving University of California A retired professor. [1] [6]
In 1973, at the beginning of the normalization of Sino-US relations, Zhao Yuanren and his wife returned to China with their granddaughter Zhaobo and son-in-law Mike. On the evening of May 13 and early on the morning of May 14, he received Zhou Enlai At the cordial reception of the Premier, Premier Zhou also talked with Zhao Yuanren about the writing reform and the "Communication Plan" that Zhao Yuanren devoted to research. Also present are Guo Moruo , Liu Xiyao , Wu Youxun , Zhu Kezhen , Lai Jinxi Wait for all your friends. [16]
In 1981, shortly after the death of his wife, Zhao Yuanrenying Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Invited by the Language Institute, accompanied by eldest daughter Zhao Rulan His son-in-law Bian Xueshu and his fourth daughter Zhao Xiaozhong returned home again to visit their relatives and were the chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Deng Xiaoping Was warmly received and accepted Peking University Awarded the title of honorary professor. [16]
Zhao Yuanren died in the United States on February 24, 1982 Massachusetts Cambridge, aged 90. [1]

Major influence

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EDITOR

Language studies

Zhao Yuanren is a linguist who attaches equal importance to theory and practice. He has made in-depth research and outstanding contributions in all aspects of linguistics. Zhao Yuanren has long been committed to the promotion of Guoyu (Mandarin). In 1922, the Textbook of Chinese Language Audio Films was published, and in 1935, the Textbook of New Chinese Language Audio films was published, which played an exemplary role in promoting the work of national language.
Zhao Yuanren has been engaged in dialect research since 1927. He has investigated Wu (southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Cantonese, Huizhou and the dialects of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces, and published many investigation reports and mono-papers. For example, "A Study of Modern Wu Language" (1928), "Types of explosive Pronunciation in Chinese Dialects" (1935), "A Record of Zhongxiang Dialect" (1939), "Investigation Report of Hubei Dialect" (1948), "Zhongshan Dialect" (1948), "Taishan Corpus" (1951), "Chinese Common Plant Words" (1953), "Chinese Terms of Address" (1 956) etc. Among them, The Study of Modern Wu Language is the first book in China to study dialects using modern linguistic methods, including 30 survey materials, and the Hubei Dialect Survey Report co-authored by him and four colleagues includes 64 survey materials.
Zhao Yuanren also made important contributions to recording methods and recording tools. His paper The Pluripotentiality of Phonological Notation (1934) showed that there are many options for generalizing phonological systems from phonetic materials, and that the answer is not unique. This paper has become one of the classic works of phonological theory. He designed a set of five-degree toned letters to provide an accurate and convenient tool for recording and studying the tones of Chinese (and other toned languages).
In terms of grammar, Zhao Yuanren's most important work is The Grammar of Chinese (1965). This work uses direct component analysis as the main method to study grammar, differentiates word classes according to syntactic functions, and gives strict definitions for each type of word class, which is very different from previous Chinese grammar works. In the specific classification, the genre words are divided into nouns, proper names, place words, time words qualifier quantifier compound words (Sanjin, this time), noun location words compound words (wall, before dinner) qualifier words (three, each), quantifier, location words (Li, on), pronoun (I, what). For the closed parts of words such as quantifiers, auxiliary verbs and prepositions, enumerates their members as exhaustively as possible, and describes their functions and usages one by one. These are also not in the past. In particular, the analysis of auxiliary words, detailed observation, accurate and thoughtful description, shows a feature of this book. In short, The Grammar of Chinese is one of the most important works of Chinese grammar, both in terms of its depth of argument and its wide influence.
His book Language Matters deals with linguistics in general. It was originally a transcript of a speech (Language and Signaling Systems, published in English in 1968, was based on the book, with much the same content). He is erudite and well-informed, and the book is full of wise opinions, incisive arguments, and few bigoted propositions, which make for fascinating reading. American linguist M. Jeuss said: "Zhao is never wrong in language." This is an ideal introduction to linguistics for Chinese speakers. [33]

Music creation

Zhao Yuanren's music creation broke through the mode of "school music songs" using foreign music scores to write lyrics, and began to be composed by Chinese people independently, which made Chinese modern music enter a new stage of development. Therefore, he is one of the well-deserved pioneers in the history of modern Chinese music and an excellent composer in the 1920s. [20]
As a composer, Zhao Yuanren published a piano piece "March for Peace" in 1915. Since then, he has created about 100 works, among which he has published more than 40 songs, 1 large-scale chorus piece, and several piano pieces, which have been published in the New Poetry Collection, the Children's Day Song Collection, and the Zhao Yuanren Song Collection. His works have a clear patriotic thought and democratic tendencies. The song" Sell cloth ballad "" Labour song "Teach me how to miss him", "Also micro Cloud", as well as the chorus "Hai Yun" and so on have been handed down to this day. [33]
Although Zhao Yuanren's music creation activities began May Fourth Movement Before, but mainly in the 1920s and 1930s. There are two main periods of his music creation. The first period was the 1920s after the May Fourth Movement, and his representative songs were "Labor Song", "Selling Buballads", "Teaching me how to miss him", "Going up the mountain", "Listening to the rain", "Also a micro cloud" and the chorus "Hai Yun". These songs and some of his previous compositions, totaling 14 songs, were collected by The Commercial Press In his New Collection of Poems, published in 1928. The 1930s was the second period of Zhao Yuanren's creation, and his representative works included "Punting Song on the River" and "Song of the Western Mirror". He also Tao Xingzhi Many of his children's poems were composed of songs, such as "The Long Song of the Hand and Brain" and "Children's Work Song", which were collected in the "Children's Day Song Collection" (1934) and "Xiaozhuang Song Collection" (1936). [20]
Zhao Yuanren is innovative in art. His songs have vivid musical image, novel style, beautiful melody and smooth, full of lyricism. From the content point of view, most of his works are based on the new poems since the May Fourth Movement, which have the characteristics of The Times and the national style. From a formal point of view, his works not only effectively use western music creation techniques, but also creatively absorb the valuable experience of traditional Chinese music. His vocal music works have a high artistic level and have made important contributions to the creation of modern Chinese music. Many of the works have been passed down to the present day and are often performed in music school teaching and concerts. [20]
Zhao Yuanren's 1926" Teach me how to miss him It has become a classic art song in the treasure house of modern Chinese music, and is also an excellent vocal music teaching material for professional music universities. Its lyrics are Liu Banong He wrote a new poem, "Teach Me How to Miss Her," while living in England in 1920. The poet himself said that it expressed the yearning of an overseas traveler for his "mother" of the motherland. However, when Zhao Yuanren composed music for this poem in 1926, he changed the "she" in the poem to "he", which expanded the space of "thinking" and made it more subtle and profound. As later Zhao Yuanren himself said: "He in the lyrics can be a man he, a woman she, representing all the beloved he, she, it." The melody of this song is beautiful and affectionate, on the one hand, the use of Chinese opera singing, full of "Chinese charm", on the other hand, but also into the Western style of song form and modulation and other multi-sound techniques, showing the deep feelings of yearning and yearning. [20]
Another famous work by Zhao Yuanren, "Sea Rhyme" ( Xu Zhimo It is one of the earliest influential multi-paragraph choral works in China, composed in 1927. With the chorus, the lead singer and the piano's twists and turns, the work vividly depicts the tragic story of a beautiful and brave girl who longs for freedom, despite the threat of strong winds and waves, and is finally engulfed by the turbulent waves. The work expresses the romantic spirit of anti-feudalism and pursuit of individual liberation of Chinese youth during the May Fourth Period. At the end of a song, people are often still immersed in a strong resonance and aesthetic reverie, with strong artistic appeal, can be called the Chinese choral music handed down. [20]
Zhao Yuanren is also the earliest composer who rearranges Chinese folk songs with multiple voices in modern Chinese music history. In 1935, he wrote the opening song "The Mirror Song" for the film "City View", which absorbed the tone of folk rap and exposed and criticized the darkness of urban life at that time. In 1942, he wrote "God" in the United States, the lyrics adopted the Chinese folk song of the late Ming Dynasty, and has a folk rap narrative style. The song spread to China in the mid-1940s and was sung in demonstrations by patriotic students against Chiang Kai-shek, causing strong reactions. Since then, the song has been sung all over the country. [20]
Many years of language research work has an obvious influence on Zhao Yuanren's music creation. He pays special attention to deal with the relationship between lyrics and tunes according to the tone and phonological characteristics of Chinese language, so that the rhyme of the lyrics is consistent with the melody, so that the songs are both charming and have a sense of colloquial talk. In his creation, he also pays attention to the local style of musical language. For example, "Listening to the Rain" expands the tone of reciting ancient poems in Changzhou dialect, "Selling Buballads" is based on the tone of Wuxi dialect, and "Teach Me How to Miss Him" absorbs the tone of Xipi Temen in Beijing Opera. In the aspect of song accompaniment, Zhao Yuanren attaches great importance to the role of piano in shaping music image. For example, in the works "Also Small Cloud", "Mountain", "Sea Yun", etc., the use of rich and vivid piano texture tone, to strengthen the artistic image of vocal singing and emotional changes. [20]

Personnel training

Zhao Yuanren was both a mathematician and a physicist, and he also had some attains in philosophy. But he is chiefly known as a renowned linguist. He taught at Tsinghua University from 1920 to 1972 University of California Retired, engaged in education for 52 years. Famous Chinese linguist Wang Li , Zhu Dexi, Lv Shuxiang Such as are his students, "for the Chinese linguistics research cause to cultivate a huge team", can be said to be full of students. 18 [19]

Historical evaluation

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EDITOR
"Father of Chinese linguistics". [15]
"To open a new era for the music industry in our country". ( Xiao Youmei ) [25]
"The foundations of his learning were mathematics, physics and mathematical logic, but his contribution to linguistics was particularly great. In the past 30 years, he has laid the foundation for the scientific study of Chinese language, so the younger generation calls him the 'father of Chinese philology.'" ( Luo Changpei ) [14]
"Zhao Yuanren can be called China's first generation of linguists. I learned linguistics from him, and when I went to France later, I was also influenced by him." ( Wang Li ) [14]
"Mr. Zhao is never wrong." (M. Jeuss, American linguist) [26]
"Zhao Yuanren, Zhao Yuanren, when I was a teenager, the shadow of Zhao Yuanren was everywhere." ( Chen Yuan ) [27]
First, he took modern language as the research object of linguistics, which opened up a new way for the study of Chinese linguistics. Second, he has cultivated a large team for the research of Chinese linguistics. ( Lv Shuxiang ) [18]
"Such a knowledgeable scholar engaged in science and liberal arts studies is an amateur at best for music, but his contribution far exceeds that of many fashionable composers and theorists." Although he is an amateur in his love of music, he has worked hard. He mastered all the basic music knowledge, and often analyzed all the classical music, romantic music and even modern works he could play on the piano. His activities are research, analysis, learning, but also his entertainment appreciation. He writes out of passion. He is a linguist, and his creation has unique insights and achievements in the combination of lyrics and music, which is worthy of serious study by future generations." ( He Luting ) [20]
Zhao Yuanren's songs are characterized by distinctive musical image, novel style, beautiful and smooth melody, and rich lyricism. He is good at learning from the techniques of modern European multi-tone music creation, and constantly exploring and maintaining the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture and music. He pays great attention to the characteristics of the tone and rhyme of the lyrics, and pays attention to the consistency of the intonation and melodic tone of the lyrics, so that the melody is not only full of charm, but also very colloquial, with a unique style. In addition, he also absorbed folk music language in his creation. For example, "Listening to the Rain" is an extension of the intonation of ancient poems in Changzhou, and "Selling Buballes" is a pentatonic tune based on the tone of Wuxi dialect. "Teach Me How to Miss Him" absorbed the tone of the original board of Xipi in Beijing Opera; "Mirror Song" adopts the folk folk film minor tune as the material; "Good Heavens" has the style of northern folk rap music. In his creation, he made a useful exploration and experiment on the nationalization of harmony, often using parallel fourth and fifth degrees, adding sixth intervals to the major triad, and minor seventh chords and mode harmony. He also pays great attention to the role of piano accompaniment in shaping the image and portraying the artistic conception of the whole song. (People's Education Press) [25]
Mr. Zhao Yuanren is a monument in the modern academic history of China. His outstanding talent may not be imitable, but his persistence and love for academics, his broad academic vision and deep cultural concern are still worthy of imitation and admiration by today's young students. "Fun Master" in the most intuitive way, for us to present the style of Zhao Yuanren's life, it is still longing and grateful. ( Guangming Daily ) [30]

Individual works

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EDITOR

Major works

New Poems in Mandarin
" The study of modern Wu language "
Yaoge of Guangxi
Introduction to Cantonese (English version)
Aspects of Chinese Society and Language (English)
The Grammar of Chinese
Readings in Chinese
Language Matters
Communication plan
Zhao Yuanren's linguistic essays
Selected Essays on Linguistics by Zhao Yuanren
Types of Explosive Sounds in Chinese Dialects (1935)
" Zhong Xiang dialect records (1939)
Survey Report of Hubei Dialect (1948)
Zhongshan Dialect (1948)
Corpus of Taishan (1951)
Common Plant Words in Chinese (1953)
Chinese Terms of Address (1956)
"The Pluripotency of Phonological Notation"
Step Into the Mirror (1950s)
The Master of Fun -- An Academic Essay of Zhao Yuan Ren Ying Records
The Efficiency of Chinese Language as a Symbol System [9] [30]

Musical work

  • songbook
New Poems (1928)
Children's Day Song Collection (1934)
Songs of Xiaozhuang (1936)
Popular Education Songs (1939)
Xingzhi Song Collection
Zhao Yuanren's Song Collection (1981)
  • Song
" Xiamen University school song " [11]
" Yunnan University school song "
" Northeastern University school song "
" Teach me how to miss her " [17]
" Sea rhyme " [10]

Translated work

" Alice in Wonderland " [12]

Publish a book

  • The study of modern Wu language
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
    Work time 2011-12
    A Study of Modern Wu Language is a book by Zhao Yuanren published by the Commercial Press in 2011. It focuses on the author's use of modern linguistic methods to study dialects.
  • Language problem
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
    Work time The 2003-6-1
    The Language Problem is a book published on June 1, 2003 by Zhao Yuanren.
  • Zhao Yuanren's linguistic essays
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
    Work time The 2001-1-1
    Zhao Yuanren's Linguistic Essays is a book published by the Commercial Press and written by Zhao Yuanren
  • Complete works of Zhao Yuanren
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
    Work time The 2007-10-1
    The Complete Works of Zhao Yuanren, written by Zhao Yuanren, was published by the Commercial Press in October 2007.
  • Oral Chinese grammar
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
    The Grammar of Spoken Chinese is a linguistic work by Chinese linguist Zhao Yuanren, first published in 1968. The book of Spoken Chinese Grammar consists of 8 chapters, which discusses the important problems in the morphology and syntax of Chinese grammar. In the book, the author uses the research methods of structuralism grammar and transformational grammar to describe and analyze the daily spoken Chinese, thus revealing the rules of spoken Chinese grammar and forming its own unique grammatical system. Chinese Mouth...
  • The exploration and development of modern Chinese linguistics: Selected Essays of Zhao Yuanren
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
    Work time The 1992-10-1
    This book selects 16 of the author's outstanding papers from the 1920s to the 1970s, covering various aspects of theoretical linguistics and Chinese linguistics, such as phonology, semantics, phonetic notation, Chinese dialect studies, and Chinese grammar analysis. Zhao Yuanren (11.3, 1892.-- 2.2.24, 1982), Han nationality, styled Xuanzhong, also styled Yizhong, originally from Wujin, Jiangsu Province (now Changzhou). Descendants of the famous Qing Dynasty poet Zhao Yi. Famous modern scholars, linguists,...
  • Word pass scheme
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
  • The complete works of Zhao Yuanren
    Author name Zhao Yuanren
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Family member

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EDITOR
Zhao Yuanren
Father: Zhao Hengnian
Mother: Von Lessen
Madam, Yang Buwei
Eldest daughter: Zhao Rulan (First Chinese female professor at Harvard University) [21]
Son-in-law: Bian Xuexu (Tenured Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fellow of the American Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the American Academy of Sciences)
Second female: Zhao Xinna (Famous chemist) [17]
Second husband: Huang Peiyun ( Founder of Chinese powder metallurgy discipline, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor of Central South University ) [22]
Third woman: Zhao Laisi ( Cornell University Professor)
Third husband: Bogan Wei Zuo (Isaac Namioka, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Washington)
Fourth female: Zhao Xiaozhong [23] (Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Anecdotal allusion

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EDITOR

Linguistic genius

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yuanren's grandfather became an official in the north. When the young Zhao Yuanren lived with his family in Beijing and Baoding, he learned the Beijing dialect and Baoding dialect from his nanny. When he returned to his hometown of Changzhou at the age of 5, his family hired a local tutor for him, and he learned to recite the Four books and five Classics in the Changzhou dialect. Later, I learned Changshu dialect from my aunt and Fuzhou dialect from my aunt. [18]
When he entered Nanjing Jiangnan College of Higher Learning at the age of 15, only three of the 270 students in the school were authentic Nanjing people, and he learned the authentic Nanjing dialect from these three Nanjing classmates. Once, when he was dining at a table with guests who happened to come from all over the world, Zhao Yuanren was able to converse with his table mates in eight dialects. [18]
The year 1920 coincided with John Dewey, an American educator, and a British philosopher Russell He came to China to give lectures, and Tsinghua University sent him to translate for Russell. He also learned to speak Hunanese when he accompanied Russell to Changsha, Hunan Province. Because of his clear speech, profound knowledge, and ability to translate in dialects, Russell's lectures were more effective than Dewey's. From then on, Zhao Yuanren's linguistic genius was recognized, and he himself decided to make linguistics his main career. [18]

Be recognized as a fellow countryman

Zhao Yuanren
The greatest happiness of Zhao Yuanren's life is that wherever he goes in the world, the locals recognize him as a "fellow countryman".
After World War II, he went to France for a conference. At the Paris station, he spoke Parisian dialect to the porter, and the other side listened to him, thinking that he was a native Parisian, and exclaimed: "You are back, ah, it is not as bad as before, Paris is poor."
Later, he went to Germany Berlin And chat with locals in German with a Berlin accent. An old man in the neighborhood said to him, "God willing, you have escaped this disaster and come back safely."
In 1920, British philosopher Russell gave a lecture tour in China with Zhao Yuanren as interpreter. Everywhere he went, he translated in the local dialect. He learned Changsha dialect from Hunan people on the way, and when he arrived in Changsha, he could already translate in the local language. After the lecture, someone came to join him.

Modern marriage

Zhao Yuanren and his wife
On the evening of September 18, 1920, it was estimated that the gates of Beijing had been closed, and Zhao Yuanren could not return to Qinghua Garden. He stayed at his relatives' house and planned to talk with his uncle about breaking off the marriage. At his cousin's home, Zhao Yuanren met Yang Buwei, a female doctor of Senren Maternity Hospital. [24]
Zhao Yuanren and Yang Buwei met for the first time, what topic they talked about is not clear, but the two people have good feelings for each other, it is certain. The next day, Yang Buwei, a female doctor, invited Zhao Yuanren's cousin, who was also invited. Together, they went to Central Park first, had dinner together. Cho wrote in his diary that day, "Dr. Yang is 100 percent open." Yang Buwei also had a fiance arranged by family, and that engagement was broken by her. It can be seen that Zhao Yuanren was very sympathetic and appreciative of Doctor Yang Buwei's breaking through the old etiquette and breaking the family arranged marriage contract. [24]
Since then, Cho has visited the hospital almost every two days. On September 25, he bid farewell to Yang Buwei and said, "I am afraid I am too busy (he was then invited by the 'Lecture Society' headed by Liang Qichao and other famous scholars to translate for the British philosopher Russell who was coming to China to lecture). I hope you don't mind if I can't come again." But he went again that night. [24]
At this time, Zhao Yuanren has a feeling of love for Yang Buwei. Therefore, the dissolution of the arranged marriage was stepped up, and it was not until late May 1921 that the woman's Chen family agreed to dissolve the "marriage contract", but Zhao Yuanren needed to provide Ms. Chen with a "tuition fee" of 2000 yuan (better than the cost of youth loss). Zhao Yuanren wrote in his diary: "I was engaged to this girl for more than ten years, and finally I was free." [24]
On May 25, 1921, Zhao Yuanren and Yang Buwei began to prepare for their marriage, drafting and printing the marriage notice; A marriage certificate written by oneself and affixed with a 40 cent stamp; Take many selfies in Central Park and choose one in Maxim Pavilion as your wedding photo. Rented No. 49 Xiaoyabao Hutong, Dongcheng, Beijing, as a wedding house, one floor and one bottom, the room is very comfortable, there is a roof garden. On May 31, after Zhao Yuanren and Yang Buwei properly furnished the house, they invited Hu Shi and female doctor Zhu Zheng to have dinner in the living room that night. After dinner, take out the marriage certificate and ask two friends to sign it as wedding witnesses. [24] Forty cents stamp duty was put in place to legalize it. [1]
Zhao Yuanren recalled: In the notice we sent to our relatives and friends, we said that when we received the news, we had been married at three o 'clock in the afternoon of June 1, 1921, at the average solar standard of 120 degrees east. Gifts will not be accepted except for two exceptions: letters, poems, or musical scores, etc., and donations to the Science Society of China. [24]
The next day, the Beijing Morning Post carried the headline "New People's New style Marriage". After marriage, Yang Buwei gave up his position as director of the hospital and director of gynecology, and became a good wife of husband and son. The two lived in harmony and were a loving couple for more than 60 years. [1]

Refuse to be headmaster

After returning to China, Zhao taught several courses at Tsinghua University. Otherness and Liang Qichao , Wang Guowei Chen Yinke is known as the "four mentors" of Tsinghua University. However, such a master has avoided being an official all his life. [1]
In 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhao Yuanren's family in the United States heard the news of Japan's surrender and the end of World War II on the radio. They began to make preparations for their return. In August of the following year, Zhao Yuanren's second daughter Xinna and son-in-law Pei Yun left for home. Before parting, Zhao Yuanren and his wife told their daughter: "We will come back next year, wait for us." [1]
At that time, the Central University moved back to Nanjing and wanted to hire Mr. Zhao Yuanren to teach in China. Mr. Zhao immediately agreed and resigned from his teaching position at Harvard. However, in the summer of 1946, Zhu Jiahua, then Minister of Education, sent a telegram urging Zhao Yuanren to return from the United States and become the president of Nanjing Central University. This request frightened Zhao Yuanren, Zhao Yuanren called back: "can't do it." Thank you!" He refused again and again in vain, so he dared not return home. [1]
Later, at Mrs. Cho's suggestion, he decided to stay in the United States for another year until the president of Chung-ang University was confirmed. This is the case of the evasion of officials mentioned earlier. Instead of returning home, he accepted an offer from the University of California to go to California temporarily. On the way home, "passing" California, how to expect that it has passed for more than 30 years, which has become the longest place in his life. [1]

Beatboxing tour

Zhao Yuanren once performed a beatbox "National travel" : from Beijing to south along Jinghan Road, through Hebei to Shanxi and Shaanxi, out of Tongguan, from Henan to the two Lakes, Sichuan, Yungui, and then from Guangdong and Guangxi around Jiangxi and Fujian to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, and from Shandong to Bohai Bay The three northeastern provinces Enter last Shanhai Pass Returning to Beijing. On this "trip", he talked for nearly an hour at a stretch, "walking" across more than half of China, and introducing scenic spots and historic sites and local specialties in the local dialect every time he "arrived". The prodigy, known as the "father of Chinese linguistics", can speak 33 different languages Chinese dialect And proficient in many languages. According to the researchers, Zhao's mastery of language is remarkable because he can quickly penetrate the phonological system of a language and summarize the rules of a dialect or even a foreign language.

One-tone story

Zhao Yuanren once made up two very "funny" one-tone stories to illustrate the relative independence of speech and writing. The first story is called" Shi's history of eating lions "Shishi Shi Shi, a lover of lions, vows to eat ten lions. The lion of the time. Ten o 'clock is good for ten lions. The time is right for the market. The view is ten lions, rely on the vector potential, so that is ten lions died. The body of ten lions is picked up by Shi Shi. If the stone chamber is wet, the stone chamber will be wiped. Shi Shi wipe, the beginning to try to eat ten lion body. When you eat, you begin to recognize ten lion bodies and ten stone lion bodies. Trial release is a thing." The second story is" Ji Ji hit the chicken "Ji Ji Quiet, set chicken, chicken is thorn chicken." Prickly chicken hungry, Ji Ji and Ji Ji chicken. Chicken both Ji Ji Ji, Ji Ji Ji, urgent card chicken, chicken urgent, after the rubbish, Ji Ji urgent, that is, Ji Ji Ji set a few bases, Ji Ji Ji extremely gegs hit chicken, chicken both capital, Ji Ji excited, that is, Ji Ji hit chicken record." There is only one sound in the whole text, and when written, everyone can understand it, but when spoken only, no one can understand it. [9] [12]

Promote national language

In the 1920s, Zhao Yuanrenwei The Commercial Press Sound recordings are produced to promote "Mandarin" (Mandarin). There is an anecdote that is difficult to determine whether it is true or not, but quite shows the scenery of Zhao's time. When Zhao Yuanren and his wife go shopping in Hong Kong, they prefer to use Mandarin. Hong Kong people use English and Cantonese, and not many are fluent in Mandarin. They met a clerk whose Mandarin was so poor that no matter what Zhao Yuanren said, he could not understand. Zhao helpless. Who knew that before going out, the old man gave him a message: "I suggest your husband buy a set of Mandarin audio to listen to, your Mandarin is really too poor." [12]
Zhao Yuanren asked: "Then you say, who has the best Mandarin audio film?" [12]
"Zhao Yuanren's best, of course." [12]
Mrs. Zhao pointed to her husband and smiled, "He is Zhao Yuanren." [12]
The clerk said angrily, "Don't joke! He speaks such poor Mandarin, how can it be Zhao Yuanren?" [12]

Dialect survey

Zhao Yuanren is the first Chinese to use Scientific method A scholar who surveys dialects and dialects. His ear can detect subtle differences in speech sounds. During the 1920s and 1930s, he personally investigated and studied Wu language And nearly 60 dialects.
Zhao Yuanren is right dialect He knows 33 dialects. His academic rigor and diligence are breathtaking.
In the spring of 1927, Zhao Lao was there Tsinghua University When I was an advisor at the institute South Jiangsu , Zhejiang (Province) Special investigation Wu language. He often went to two or three places a day, took notes while investigating, and stayed at a farmer's house when he could not find a hotel. Once, he and his assistant spent the night Wuxi Catch the train Suzhou I only got a fourth class ticket for a hard chair. Because the body was too tired, after getting on the bus, lying on the longboard seat, he fell asleep. When I woke up, the car was dark, and when I looked out, I knew that the front cars had left, and this fourth-class car had been thrown down. The assistant asked him what to do? He said: "Now can't find the hotel anyway, just sleep in the car until dawn!" The assistant saw that he was weak and advised him to do less investigation every day, and he jokingly said: "To do investigation is to work harder and hurry up, otherwise we can't go home early!" Won't it take more time and work harder in the future?"
In that investigation of Wu language action, he took pains to travel through Zhenjiang, Danyang Wuxi, get off at each stop, and then take the small fire wheel to Yixing , Liyang He turned back to Wuxi and other places, braved the cold, turned around and went deep into the masses, visited Guangna more than once, and recorded a large number of local dialects. Three months later, back in Beijing, he wrote a book called Modern Wu Language Studies. At the time of publication, the phonetic symbols were used International phonetic alphabet There is no font in the printing factory, so he and his assistant use their own handwriting, drawing forms and photocopying, working for more than 10 hours a day. The book was published for research Wu language Zhao Yuanren also became the originator of the investigation of Chinese dialects.

Make a record

In 1936, Zhao Yuanren recorded a record of "Teach me how to miss Him" in the "EMI" company, which has been popular for nearly half a century.
During his last visit to Beijing in 1981, he was invited to sing the song several times. After singing the song at the conservatory, people asked him if it was a love song. Who is this "he"? Zhao replied, "The word 'he' can be a man or a woman, or it can mean something other than a man or a woman." The word stands for everything beloved of him, her, and it." He said the lyrics were written by Mr. Liu Bannong London, United Kingdom Written, "contains his nostalgia for the motherland and nostalgia."
Zhao also told us an interesting story about the song. He said that at that time, the song was very popular in society, and a young friend wanted to see the lyricist's style and asked Liu Bannong what he looked like. One day Liu came to Zhao's house to sit down and drink tea, and the young man was also present. The couple introduced the young man and said, "This is the lyricist who Taught Me How to Miss Him." The young man was surprised and blurted out, "So he is an old man!" Everyone laughed, Liu Bannong home, had written a limerick: "Teach me how to do not want him, please come in the door to drink a cup of tea, so old, teach me how to think about him again!"
Most of the lyrics of Zhao Yuanren's songs from the 1920s to the early 1930s were written by Liu Bannong. When Liu Bannong died of illness in 1933, Zhao Lao had affectionately written an elegy: "Ten years of playing double reed, no words in the future difficult to compose; Teach me how to miss him!"

memorialize

broadcast
EDITOR
foundation
The statue of Zhao Yuanren
The University of California established the Zhao Yuanren Foundation in his memory [16] .
Memorial meeting
On April 4, 1982, the University of California solemnly held a memorial meeting for Zhao Yuanren's death. [16]
effigy
In honor of Zhao Yuanren, a large bust of Zhao Yuanren has been built in Changzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province. [28]
portfolio
Dean of Shanghai Conservatory of Music in 1987 He Luting Proposed and promoted, Shanghai Music Publishing House published staff The Complete Musical Works of Zhao Yuanren (written by his eldest daughter, Harvard University Edited by Professor Zhao Rulan), collected 83 songs, arranged 24 chorus songs, arranged 19 folk songs, and six instrumental pieces, totaling 132 works. [29]
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