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The United States of America is the capital of the United States Washington . locate North America Central, north and Canada Border, south Gulf of Mexico , approach the west Pacific Face the east Atlantic . Majority region Continental climate Southern genus Subtropical climate The overall terrain is high in the west and low in the east, rich in natural resources, and the total proved reserves of mineral resources rank first in the world. [18] With a total area of 9.37 million square kilometers, shoreline 22,680 kilometers long, the United States is divided into 50 states and 1 district. District of Columbia There are 3,143 counties. As of February 2023, the total population of the United States is about 333 million, of which 57.8 percent are non-Hispanic whites, and most of the residents believe in it Christianity And Catholic, universal English . [1]
The United States was originally Indian The colony. At the end of the 15th century, Spain , Netherlands , France , Britain And begin to migrate to North America. By 1773, Britain had established 13 colonies. In 1775, it broke out War of independence . Adopted on July 4, 1776 Declaration of independence The United States of America was officially proclaimed. 1787, established Federal constitution The south is Slave state The north is Free state . The year 1865 Civil War The end, the United States began to fully embrace capitalism. After the founding of the country, the territory expanded almost tenfold. [1]
The United States is a highly developed modern country, the world's largest economy, with the world's largest and most developed modern market economy. Industrial production has remained stable, and high-tech industries such as information and biology have developed rapidly. It has a sound legal system, a sound market system, a sound business environment and developed infrastructure, and has a leading position in the world in terms of market capacity, scientific and technological strength, educational innovation and labor productivity. In 2022, the US GDP will be $25.5 trillion. [1] The United States is Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council , too North Atlantic Treaty Organization , World Trade Organization , Asia-pacific Economic Cooperation Member states of other international organizations, which political , diplomacy , economy , culture And other fields have a strong influence on the world. [18]
  • They say
Will US tariffs help? 2019-05-17 13:33
The United States is a trade war engine, not only against our country, it has launched a lot of trade wars in history, there was one in the beginning of this century. But in the end, the United States compromised with the international community, failed to kill the enemy, and suffered heavy losses. ... details
The content comes from
Chinese name
United States [1]
Foreign name
The United States of America [1]
Abbreviated form
America [1]
continent
North America
capital
Washington, D.C. [1]
Major city
New York , Los Angeles , Chicago , Houston , Philadelphia , San Francisco , Boston , Pittsburgh Etc. [1]
National Day
July 4th, 1776 [1] (Independence Day)
National song
" The Stars and Stripes " (The Star-Spangled Banner) The star-spangled Banner
Country code
USA [1]
Official language
English [1]
currency
U.S. dollar [1]
Time zone
UTC-4 to UTC-12 [1]
Political system
Presidential republic
National leader
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr [1] (President) , Kamala Harris [1] (Vice President)
Population number
About 333 million [1] (as of 15 August 2021)
Population density
36.3 persons/km2 [1] [15] (Year 2021)
Major nationality
European American , Latino , African American , Asian American , Native American [1]
Major religion
Protestantism [1] , Catholicism , Mormonism , Judaism [1]
Land area
9370000 km² [1]
Water area ratio
6.76%
Total GDP
$25.5 trillion [1] (2022)
Per capita GDP
$76,400 [1] (2022)
International telephone area code
1 [1]
International domain name abbreviation
.us [1]
Road access
Keep to the right
Central bank
United States Federal Reserve System [1]
Leading institution
Ivy League Eight universities and so on [5]
Human development index
0.920 (# 15, Extremely High, 2018)
National motto
God bless state affairs, E pluribus unum [1]
National flower, national bird
rose , The bald eagle [1]
Famous person
George Washington , Abraham Lincoln , Franklin Roosevelt , Michael Jackson [1]
Legal system
Common law system ( Common law )

catalogue

  1. 1Historical evolution
  2. ▪Early civilization
  3. ▪Colonial period
  4. ▪War of independence
  5. ▪Westward movement
  6. ▪Civil War
  7. ▪Transformational development
  8. 2Geographical environment
  9. ▪Regional location
  10. ▪landform
  11. ▪climate
  12. ▪Natural resources
  13. 3Administrative division
  14. 4National symbol
  15. ▪flag
  16. ▪National emblem
  1. ▪National anthem
  2. ▪National bird
  3. ▪National beast
  4. ▪The national flower and the national stone
  5. 5population
  6. 6political
  7. ▪government
  8. ▪constitution
  9. ▪Congress
  10. ▪judiciary
  11. ▪Political party
  12. ▪dignitaries
  13. 7economy
  14. ▪agriculture
  15. ▪industry
  16. ▪Finance and finance
  1. ▪foreign trade
  2. ▪Two-way investment
  3. ▪Foreign aid
  4. 8culture
  5. ▪summarize
  6. ▪Language
  7. ▪literature
  8. ▪The American Dream
  9. ▪Festivals
  10. 9Military affairs
  11. 10traffic
  12. ▪highroad
  13. ▪railway
  14. ▪Air freight
  15. ▪Water transport
  16. 11society
  1. ▪Science and technology
  2. ▪education
  3. ▪hygiene
  4. ▪Physical education
  5. ▪medium
  6. ▪People's livelihood
  7. 12diplomacy
  8. ▪External relations
  9. ▪Sino-american relations
  10. ▪Relations with Niger
  11. 13travel
  12. 14World heritage site
  13. 15Honor received

Historical evolution

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EDITOR
See also: American history

Early civilization

Over 40,000 years ago, Indian Ancestral passage Asia reach North America , to Central America and South America ; when Christopher Columbus He was living in America when he arrived in what he thought was the New World Indian About 30 million. Those who live in the United States or Canada Indian About 1.5 million people; these Indigenous people Species of composition, whether from Inheritance In terms of language, society and so on, there are great differences; It is estimated that in the 15th century Rio Grande To the north, there are at least 400 distinct and unrelated cultural forms, with a wide variety of body types and language families.
About 10,000 years ago, another group of Asians moved into northern North America in what became known as the North American region The Eskimos . And the first to come to America White race It is probably Viking It is thought that they visited the east coast of North America 1,000 years ago.

Colonial period

In 1607, a man of about 100 colonization The group was founded on the beach in Chesapeake Jamestown It was the first permanent British building in North America colony . Over the next 150 years, many more came settler Settled in coastal areas, many of which came from Britain And some of it comes from France , Germany , Netherlands , Ireland , Italy and other countries. European immigrants through mass murder Indian Plunder their belongings and occupy them on a large scale Indian The land.
In November 1620, the first batch Puritan take Mayflower Sailing in New England territorial Plymouth In order to create a self-governing civil society unlike that of Europe, they signed a very important political contract - the" The Mayflower Pact And laid the foundation of the United States.
In the mid-18th century, 13 Britain Colonies were gradually formed, each with its own government and parliament under British supreme sovereignty. These 13 colonies are affected by climate and Geographical environment The differences in economic forms, political systems and ideas have resulted in differences between different places.

War of independence

In the middle of the 18th century, the British in America colony There is a rift with Britain. With the continuous expansion of the colony, they gradually realized the seriousness of the development of the situation, and thus began to dream of independence. In 1773, The Boston Tea Party Anti-british colonial dumping.
In 1774, delegates from the 13 states met Philadelphia The first Continental Congress was convened in hopes of a peaceful settlement with the British. However, the King insisted that the colonies must unconditionally submit to the king and be punished. In 1775, in Massachusetts Lexington lights the fire, American War of Independence Eruption.
On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia and formed the Continental Army George Washington As Commander-in-chief, he passed the Declaration of independence The United States of America was officially proclaimed. The Fourth of July is also celebrated as a National Day in the United States.
In February 1778, Benjamin Franklin persuade House of Bourbon So that France and the United States signed a military alliance treaty, France officially recognized the United States. France , Spain , Netherlands Go to war one after another.
In 1781, Battle of Yorktown The Americans won a decisive victory. After that, except for a few engagements at sea and sporadic fighting on land, the North American continent had largely ceased.
乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争 乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争
George Washington and the American Revolution
In 1787, in Philadelphia Hold a federal meeting. In session Washington Be promoted as chairman. The Assembly decided that the national government had taxes, minted money, regulated commerce, declared war, and conclude Treaty powers are taken at the same time Montesquieu the Separation of powers The principle is that the legislative, executive and judicial organs check and balance each other.
In 1812-1815, Britain invaded the newly formed United States again Second American Revolutionary War . After the war, American states became more united.

Westward movement

The United States acquired it in 1783 Mississippi River Land on the east coast, 1803 from Napoleon It acquired Louisiana from Spain in 1819 and Florida from Spain in 1845-53 Mexican-american War buy Texas , New Mexico , Oregon and California It was purchased from Russia in 1867 Alaska It was annexed in 1898 Hawaiian Islands .
Territorial expansion of the United States
Since the early 19th century, the territorial expansion of the United States has attracted foreign immigrants to migrate westward across the Appalachian Mountains to the West Coast, participate in transportation construction and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, exploit a large number of natural resources, and promote the industrialization process of the United States. The negative effect is Westward movement The deportation and extermination of native Indians, also known as the Trail of Tears.

Civil War

The growing tension between the industrial bourgeoisie in the North and the plantation slave owners in the South led to Civil War The outbreak of... Both sides focused on the abolition of slavery. south Slave state In order to preserve slavery, it hindered the economic development of the North. And the north Free state Supported policies that hindered the interests of Southern planters.
美国南北战争 美国南北战争 美国南北战争 美国南北战争 美国南北战争 美国南北战争
American Civil War
In the early 1860s, 11 southern states seceded from the Union and were formed Confederate States of America ; The north says it will do whatever it takes to unify.
On April 12, 1861, a Southern planter named Lincoln He started a civil war by becoming president of the United States, and civil war broke out. It was a bloody war in which Americans came face to face. Because the South was well prepared before the war, the North was at a disadvantage in the early stages of the war. In 1863, Lincoln issued a law The Emancipation Proclamation "And" Homestead act "And in The Gettysburg Address "of the people", "by the people" and "for the people". The North turned the tide.
On April 9, 1865, the Southern government was defeated. This victory not only restored the unity of the United States, but also ceased to be practised in all parts of the country slavery . April 15th, the President Lincoln Stabbed to death at Ford's Theater.

Transformational development

In the early 19th century, the United States began to industrialize and came of age after the Civil War. In less than 50 years, between the Civil War and World War I, the United States went from a rural republic to one urbanization Of the country. The nearly 30 years from 1890 to 1917 are known as the Progressive period.
In 1914, World War I Eruption; In 1917, the United States was embroiled in war and trying to play a new role in the world.
In 1929, capitalism happened Great Depression The Great Depression affected not only the United States, but all countries around the world were affected. The Great Panic left millions of workers unemployed, millions of farmers forced to abandon their fields, factories and shops closed, banks closed, and a depression.
In 1931, World War II Eruption. [31]
In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945) was elected president and fully implemented the "government intervention in the market as the main means". Roosevelt's New Deal ". He advocated government action to end the panic, and introduced a series of policies that temporarily alleviated many of the difficulties, but the U.S. economy did not recover until after World War II.
7 December 1941, Japan Pearl Harbor attack After the United States entered the war, for Pacific Theater The main force.
After World War II, with Axis powers The defeat of Britain and France, the decline of the power of the United States and The Soviet Union Have become superpower The world is divided into two camps, East and West. The United States and the Soviet Union and their respective camps were engaged in a comprehensive confrontation in military, political, economic and propaganda aspects, just like in wartime. Cold war ".
In 1950, Korean War The outbreak, the United States Army entered the war and with the newly formed People's Republic of China The volunteers fought and the war ended with an armistice at the 38th parallel. After the war, the Cold War escalated.
In 1962, Cuban missile crisis make Cold war The panic was at its peak. In 1969, Apollo 11 Having put a man on the moon for the first time, the United States gradually overtook the Soviet Union in the space race.
In the mid-1960s, Vietnam War Many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy, and anti-war demonstrations were accompanied by various civil rights movements. In addition, due to the development of industry and the concentration of population, the pollution of the ecological environment was widely noticed in the late 1960s. The economic depression of the early 1970s, caused by the energy crisis, was one of the worst ever. The U.S. economy recovered in the mid-1970s, but then came the late 1970s inflation .
In 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States was celebrated throughout the country. Due to its global political, military, economic, highly developed science and technology and other comprehensive advantages, the United States finally defeated the Soviet Union in the Cold War in 1991 Collapse of the Soviet Union America won Cold war The final victory, the bipolar pattern gradually being One super, many strong The new international situation replaced the United States as the only one superpower .
7 October 2001, United States of America anti-terrorism Launch for a name War in Afghanistan . In February 2020, the U.S. government and Taliban Signed an agreement to withdraw from Afghanistan by May 2021. In July 2021, Biden said the U.S. military was in Afghanistan The military mission will end on August 31. On the night of August 30, a U.S. military transport plane carried the last of the American servicemen Kabul Airport Take off. The end of 20 years Afghanistan War - The longest war in American history (cost: 2,461 killed, more than 20,000 wounded, and more than $2 trillion). On August 31, 2021, US President Joe Biden said at the White House that ending the war in Afghanistan was the right decision and that the United States would continue to carry out counter-terrorism operations. [16]
On August 1, 2023, Fitch announced that it had downgraded the long-term foreign currency issuer default rating of the United States from the highest AAA to AA+. This is the second downgrade since Standard & Poor's cut its sovereign credit rating to AA+ in 2011. [22]
On September 25, 2023, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that the United States recognizes Niue and the Cook Islands as sovereign and independent states and will establish diplomatic relations between the two countries. [23] U.S. Secretary of State John B. Bush Lincoln Signed a joint statement with Cook Islands Prime Minister Gordon Brown, the United States and Cook Islands Establish diplomatic relations. [24] 1 On January 27, the White House officially launched a new cabinet-level agency, the Supply Chain Resilience Council. [25] On December 1, the 33rd General Assembly of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) held A new election of members in London, England, and the United States was elected as a Category A member. [26] On December 5, the United States and Sweden signed a Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), "which will enable the two countries to deepen cooperation in multilateral actions to ensure security and jointly strengthen transatlantic security." [28]

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Regional location

The United States is located in the central part of North America North America northwestern Alaska and Pacific middle Hawaiian Islands , North and Canada Border, south Gulf of Mexico It faces the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east Atlantic . It covers an area of 9.37 million square kilometers. The mainland is 4,500 kilometers long from east to west, 2,700 kilometers wide from north to south, and its coastline is 22,700 kilometers long. [18]
America

landform

The terrain of the United States is varied, high in the west and low in the east. The east coast has a coastal plain, wide in the south and narrow in the north, stretching all the way to New Jersey , in Long Island There are also some glaciated plains. Behind the coastal plain lies a terrain of undulating foothills that extend to the North Carolina and New Hampshire The Appalachian Mountains are 1,830 meters high.
The Appalachian Mountains To the west is the relatively flat Great Plains of the United States, Great Lakes and Mississippi River - Missouri River The basin, the fourth largest river area in the world, is also located here. West of the Mississippi River, the topography of the inner plains begins to rise, and finally into the vast and sparsely characterized central United States tableland .
In the western Great Plains there are towering Rocky Mountains It divides the continental United States in two from north to south Colorado The highest peak is 4,270 meters. The west coast region has Sierra Nevada And the Coast Mountains. There used to be frequent volcanic activity in the Rockies; Only one region remains ( Wyoming Yellowstone National Park Supervolcano of the world - possibly the largest in the world Active volcano ). The highest mountain in the United States is Mount McKinley 6,193 meters above sea level, too North America The first peak.

climate

Parts of the United States belong to Continental climate Southern genus Subtropical climate . The North Central Plains have large temperature differences, with Chicago averaging -3 ° C in January and 24 ° C in July, and the Gulf Coast averaging 11 ° C in January and 28 ° C in July. [18]

Natural resources

The United States is rich in natural resources, and its total proved reserves of mineral resources rank first in the world. Coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, potash, phosphate, sulfur and other mineral reserves are among the top in the world. Other minerals are copper, lead, molybdenum, uranium, bauxite, gold, mercury, nickel, potassium carbonate, silver, tungsten, zinc, aluminum, bismuth and so on. Strategic mineral resources such as titanium, manganese, cobalt and chromium are mainly imported. The forest area is about 4.4 billion mu, with a coverage rate of 33%. [1]

Administrative division

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EDITOR
The United States is divided into 50 states and 1 District (District of Columbia), with 3,143 counties. Federal territories include Puerto Rico and The Northern Mariana ; Overseas territories include Guam , American Samoa , United States Virgin Islands Wait, the capital is Washington, D.C. . [1] [6]
State and capital of the United States by state (in alphabetical order)
Serial number
State name
English
For short
The capital
English
1
Alabama
Alabama
AL
Montgomery
Montgomery
2
Alaska
Alaska
AK
Juneau
Juneau
3
Arizona
Arizona
AZ
Phoenix
Phoenix
4
Arkansas
Arkansas
AR
Little Rock
Little rock
5
California
California
CA
Sacramento
Sacramento
6
Colorado
Colorado
CO
Denver
Denver
7
Connecticut
Connecticut
CT
Hartford
Hartford
8
Delaware
Delaware
DE
Dover
Dover
9
Florida
Florida
FL
Tallahassee
Tallahassee
10
Georgia
Georgia
GA
Atlanta
Atlanta
11
Hawaii
Hawaii
HI
Honolulu
Honolulu
12
Idaho
Idaho
ID
Boise
Boise
13
Illinois
Illinois
IL
Springfield
Springfield
14
Indiana
Indiana
IN
Indianapolis
Indianapolis
15
The state of Iowa
Iowa
IA
Des Moines
Des Moines
16
Kansas
Kansas
KS
Topeka
Topeka
17
Kentucky
Kentucky
KY
Frankfurt
Frankfort
18
Louisiana
Louisiana
LA
Baton Rouge
Baton Rouge
19
Maine
Maine
ME
Augusta
Augusta
20
Maryland
Maryland
MD
Annapolis
Annapolis
21
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
MA
Boston
Boston
22
Michigan
Michigan
MI
Lansing
Lansing
23
Minnesota
Minnesota
MN
Sao Paulo
St.Paul
24
Mississippi
Mississippi
MS
Jackson
Jackson
25
Missouri
Missouri
MO
Jefferson City
Jefferson City
26
Montana
Montana
MT
Helena
Helena
27
Nebraska
Nebraska
NE
Lincoln
Lincoln
28
Nevada
Nevada
NV
Carson City
Carson City
29
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
NH
Concord
Concord
30
New Jersey
New Jersey
NJ
Trenton
Trenton
31
New Mexico
New Mexico
NM
Santa Fe
Santa Fe
32
New York
New York
NY
Albany
Albany
33
North Carolina
North Carolina
NC
Naroli
Raleigh
34
North Dakota
North Dakota
ND
Bismarck
Bismarck
35
Ohio
Ohio
OH
Columbus
Columbus
36
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
OK
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City
37
Oregon
Oregon
OR
Salem
Salem
38
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
PA
Harrisburg
Harrisburg
39
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
RI
Oh, Providence
Providence
40
South Carolina
South Carolina
SC
Colombia
Columbia
41
South Dakota
South Dakota
SD
Peale
Pierre
42
Tennessee
Tennessee
TN
Nashville
Nashville
43
Texas
Texas
TX
Austin
Austin
44
Utah
Utah
UT
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City
45
Vermont
Vermont
VT
Montpellier
Montpelier
46
Virginia
Virginia
VA
Richmond
Richmond
47
Washington State
Washington
WA
Olympia
Olympia
48
West Virginia
West Virginia
WV
Charleston
Charleston
49
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
WI
Madison
Madison
50
Wyoming
Wyoming
WY
Cheyenne
Cheyenne

National symbol

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EDITOR

flag

The Stars and Stripes (Stars and Stripes). It is a horizontal rectangle, the ratio of length to width is 19:10. The main body consists of 13 red and white stripes, 7 red stripes and 6 white stripes; The upper left corner of the flag is a blue rectangle, which is divided into 9 rows of 50 white five-pointed stars. Red symbolizes strength and courage, white symbolizes purity and innocence, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice. The 13 stripes represent the first 13 states to wage and win the Revolutionary War, and the 50 stars represent the number of states in the United States of America.
In 1818, the United States Congress passed an act that fixed the red and white stripes on the flag to 13, and the number of five-pointed stars should be consistent with the number of states. For each new state, a star is added to the flag, usually on July 4, the year after the admission of a new state. The flag has been increased to 50 stars, representing the 50 states. Every year, June 14 is the "American Flag Making Day." On this day, commemorations are held throughout the United States to show respect for the flag and love for the United States. [7]

National emblem

The main body is one with a shield on the chest The bald eagle . The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States, a symbol of strength, courage, freedom and immortality. The half of the shield is a blue horizontal rectangle, and the lower half is a vertical bar with red and white, which means the same flag.
Emblem of the United States
The crown above the eagle symbolizes the birth of a new independent nation, the United States of America, among the sovereign nations of the world; There are 13 white five-pointed stars inside the crown, representing the original 13 states of the United States. The two claws of the eagle hold the olive branch and the arrow respectively, symbolizing peace and force. The yellow ribbon held by the eagle's beak says in Latin, "E Pluribus Unum," meaning that the United States of America is made up of many states and is one nation.

National anthem

National anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner"
Oh, do you see, through the glimmer of light, what are we Shouting at? Whose broad star, after a night of gunfire, still marches in the wind on our fort? Guns glitter, bombs roar, they are all witnesses, the flag is safe. Don't you see the Stars and Stripes still flying high in this free country, home of the brave? [20]

National bird

America's national bird: the bald eagle
The bald eagle (Vulture). The United States was the first in the world to determine National bird Of the country. The eagle first appeared on the American flag during the Revolutionary War. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress issued a document entitled Declaration of independence And decided that the new America must have a special National emblem .
On June 20, 1782, the United States Congress passed a resolution, the North American unique bald eagle as the national bird of the United States, and this bird as the main body of the national emblem. Whitehead eagle beautiful appearance, fierce temperament, the head has full feathers, its biggest feature is two white, that is, white head and white tail. It represents courage, strength and victory.

National beast

The 44th President of the United States Barack Hussein Obama On May 9, 2016, a bill was signed and officially established American bison For America National beast . One of the bill's authors, Representative William Lacey Clay, said of the bison's status, "No other native species tells the American story more than this noble animal." There are currently about 10,000 bison on state lands managed by the Department of the Interior, in 17 herds spread across 12 states, and more than 160,000 privately held bison. Yellowstone National Park It is the only land where bison have lived since prehistoric times and has the largest purebred herd (nearly 5,000 animals). [8]
A stamp with a bison on it

The national flower and the national stone

The national Flower is rose Symbolizing beauty, fragrance, warmth and love, it was approved by the Senate in 1985 The national flower . National monument Sapphire .

population

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As of February 2023, the total population of the United States is approximately 333 million. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, non-Hispanic whites make up 57.8%, Hispanics 18.7%, AfricAn-Americans 12.4%, Asians 6%, Indians and Alaska Natives 1.1%, and Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders 0.2% (with overlapping percentages). General English. About 46.5% of the population believe in Christianity, 20.8% believe in Catholicism, 1.9% believe in Judaism, 0.9% believe in Islam, 0.7% believe in Buddhism, 0.5% believe in Eastern Orthodoxy, 1.2% believe in other religions, and 22.8% have no religious beliefs (a small number of people belong to multiple religious beliefs were repeated). [1]

political

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EDITOR

government

The United States has a presidential system. Pres. He is head of State, Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces. The president is indirectly elected for a four-year term. The Government Cabinet consists of the President, the Vice President, ministers and other members designated by the President. The cabinet effectively serves only as a group of aides and advisers to the president, and has no power to make collective decisions. On January 20, 2021, Joe Biden Sworn in as president, Kamala Harris (Kamala Harris, female) sworn in as vice president.
According to the White House website, there are 26 positions in the cabinet, including: Vice President KamalaHarris (female), Secretary of State AntonyBlinken (female), Treasury Secretary JanetYellen (female), Women), Secretary of Defense LloydAustin, Attorney General MerrickGarland, Secretary of the Interior Deb Harlan, Female), Agriculture Secretary TomVilsack, Commerce Secretary GinaRaimondo, Acting Labor Secretary JulieSu. Women), Health and human Services Secretary Javier Becerra, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Marcia Fouudge, Women), Transportation Secretary PeteButtigieg, and Energy Secretary JenniferGranholm. Women), Education Secretary MiguelCardona, Veterans Affairs Secretary DenisMcDonough, Homeland Security Secretary AlejandroMayorkas, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Michael Regan lRegan, Director of National Intelligence Evril Haines (female), Trade Representative KatherineTai (female), Permanent Representative to the United Nations LindaThomas-Greenfield (female), JaredBernstein, chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers; Isabelle Guzman, head of the Small Business Administration; and ShalandaYoung, director of the White House Office of Management and Budget. Female); AratiPrabhakar, presidential science adviser and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy; WilliamBurns, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency; and JeffreyZients, White House Chief of Staff. [1]

constitution

On July 4, 1776, the Constitutional document" Articles of confederation ". A draft constitution was drawn up in May 1787 and ratified by the First Congress in March 1789. It was the world's first written constitution as an independent, unitary state. The main content of the Constitution is to establish a federal system of states, states have greater autonomy, including legislative power; Implement a political system of separation of powers, the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the three, and check each other. Over the course of two centuries, 27 amendments have been made to the Constitution. The first ten amendments to the Constitution, later known as the Bill of Rights (or Bill of Rights), were passed by Congress in September 1791, guaranteeing freedom of conscience, speech, press, and peaceful assembly. The 13th and 15th Amendments, passed in 1865 and 1870, abolishing slavery and recognizing the civil rights of blacks; The 25th Amendment, passed in 1951, provides for the vice president to be elevated to the presidency if the president is unable to exercise his powers. [1]

Congress

United States Congress It is the highest legislative body, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of both houses are directly elected by the voters of each state. There are 100 senators, two from each state, who serve six-year terms, with 1/3 elected every two years. Members of the House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population of each state, a total of 435 members, the term of office is two years, expires all re-election. Members of both houses may be re-elected for unlimited terms. Members of the Senate are full-time and cannot hold government posts concurrently. The current Parliament (118th) opened on January 3, 2023. Senate President (and vice president) KamalaHarris (D, female); Interim Senate Speaker PattyMurray (D, female); House Speaker MikeJohnson (R). [1]

judiciary

The United States has the Supreme Court, federal courts, state courts and some special courts. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and eight justices who serve for life. The Supreme Court has the power to strike down any federal or state law as unconstitutional. Incumbent Chief justice John Roberts Jr (John Roberts Jr.) [1]

Political party

(1) Republican Party (Republican Party) : Founded in 1854. The year 1861 Lincoln First Republican presidency. The Republican Party held the White House for all but 16 of the 70 years until 1933. Since 1933, Republicans Eisenhower (January 1953 - January 1961), Nixon (January 1969 - August 1974), Ford (August 1974 - January 1977), Regan (January 1981 - January 1989), George Herbert Walker Bush (January 1989 - January 1993), George Walker Bush (January 2001 - January 2009), Trump (January 2017 - January 2021) was elected president. The chairwoman of the Republican National Committee is Ronna McDaniel (female).
(2) Democratic Party of the United States (Democratic Party) : Founded in 1791 as the Republican Party. It was renamed the Democratic Party in 1794 and the Democratic Party in 1828. In 1861, on the eve of the Civil War, the Democratic Party split, with Southern slaveholders of the party plotting a rebellion. After the end of the Civil War, the Democratic Party was in opposition for 24 years. The year 1885 Cleveland Elected president. The party has since spent most of its time in opposition. Since 1933, Democrats Franklin Roosevelt (March 1933 - April 1945), Truman (April 1945 - January 1953), Kennedy (January 1961 to November 1963), Lyndon Johnson (November 1963 - January 1969), Carter (January 1977 - January 1981), Clinton (January 1993-January 2001), Obama (January 2009 - January 2017), Biden (January 20, 2021 - present) has been elected president. The chair of the Democratic National Committee is now Jimmy Harrison (Jaime Harrison). [1]

dignitaries

Current President: Joseph Biden Joseph Biden, the 46th President of the United States, born November 20, 1942, attended the University of Delaware and Syracuse University, worked as a lawyer for a time, and entered politics in 1970. He was Obama's running mate in 2008 and 2013. He served as Vice President from 2009 to 2017. He announced his candidacy for President of the United States on April 25, 2019. Confirmed on 7 January 2021. He was sworn in on 20 January.
Current Vice President: Kamala Harris Kamala Harris was born on October 20, 1964 in Oakland, California, and graduated from Howard University and the Hastings School of Law at the University of California. On August 11, 2020, Joseph Biden nominated U.S. Senator Harris as the Democratic Party's vice presidential candidate. On January 20, 2021, Vice President-elect Kamala Harris was sworn in as the first female vice president of the United States, and the first black and Asian vice president in the history of the United States.
Current Secretary of State: Antony Blinken Antony Blinken (born 1962 in New York, USA), graduated from Harvard University and Columbia Law School, worked in the legal profession, entered politics in the late 1980s, and served in the US State Department, the Clinton administration's National Security Council, and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was also a fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

economy

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EDITOR
The United States has a highly developed modern market economy, and its GDP ranks first in the world.
Key economic data for 2022:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) : $25.5 trillion in current prices.
Gross Domestic Product per capita: $76,400 (IMF data).
GDP growth rate: 2.1%. [1]
The U.S. economy will grow 2.5 percent in 2023, up from 1.9 percent in 2022. [30]

agriculture

The United States is one of the world's largest agricultural exporters, including corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco, and the amazing agricultural output of the Great Plains region of the Midwest has made it known as the "breadbasket of the world." American farms produce $90 billion worth of agricultural products each year. The United States produces 50 percent of the world's corn, 20 percent of its oats, and 15 percent of its chicken, pork, cotton, tobacco and wheat. [18]

industry

In recent years, the United States has focused on optimizing its industrial structure, implemented the "re-industrialization" strategy, revitalized the real economy, and promoted the return of manufacturing. Industrial production in the United States has remained stable, high-tech industries such as information and biology have developed rapidly, and new progress has been made in transforming traditional industries through high-tech. The main industrial products are automobiles, aviation equipment, computers, electronic and communication equipment, iron and steel, petroleum products, fertilizers, cement, plastics and newsprint, machinery and so on. [1]

Finance and finance

In 2022, the federal government will run a deficit of $1.375 trillion. In June 2023, the United States Congress approved an increase in the national debt ceiling to avoid a default on the national debt. The national debt has now surpassed $32 trillion, a record high. In order to help the recovery process of the US economy after the recession, the Federal Reserve has sharply cut interest rates twice in 2020 to the near-zero interest rate level of 0-0.25% and implemented "unlimited" quantitative easing policy. Since then, with the US inflation rate rising, especially in June 2022, the US consumer price index (CPI) reached 9.1%, a peak of nearly 41 years, the Federal Reserve began the process of monetary tightening, several consecutive interest rate increases, and in September 2022, the scale of $95 billion per month to reduce the balance sheet. In September 2023, the US CPI fell back to 3.7%. [1]
Banking institution
The American banking system is a huge system mainly composed of commercial banks, including central banks, savings institutions, investment banks and government specialized banks.
The Federal Reserve Bank is usually considered the central bank of the United States. Primary responsibilities include formulating and implementing monetary policy, supervising banking institutions, and maintaining the stability of the financial system.
Commercial banks in the United States are divided into national banks registered with the federal government and state banks registered with the state government. A national bank must be a member of the Federal Reserve system, subject to the supervision of the Director of Monetary Affairs of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. State banks are not required to participate in the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. According to the "Regulatory Report" of the Federal Reserve on May 8, 2020, there were 5,027 banks supervised by the Federal Reserve in March 2020, of which 3,815 were community banks with total assets of less than $10 billion, accounting for about 75.9%.
Foreign banking institutions are regulated by the Federal Reserve. At present, the main foreign banks are Deutsche Bank, Sumitomo Mitsui Bank, Bank of Mitsubishi UFJ, Royal Bank of Canada and so on.
Insurance company
Insurance companies can be divided into life insurance companies and property insurance companies according to the nature of their business. By the end of 2020, the top 5 life insurance companies in terms of market share are Pacific Life, National Life, Hengkang Life, National Life and National Insurance.
Financing channel
The United States has the most developed financial system in the world. In terms of financing terms, foreign companies enjoy the same treatment as American companies. Generally speaking, large enterprises have a strong ability to obtain loans because of their good credit. Small and medium-sized enterprises are relatively weak. The number of policy loans of the US government to domestic small and medium-sized enterprises is very small, and the small and medium-sized enterprise investment company and venture capital company led by the US Small Business Administration are an important source of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Securities market
The US securities market is divided into two major sectors: the exchange market and the over-the-counter market. The main venues for securities trading include:
(1) NYSE New York Stock Exchange It is the largest and most famous securities market in the United States, with a history of more than 200 years and more than 3,500 listed stocks. The New York Stock Exchange market is more mature, the listing conditions are more strict, Fortune 500 and other large enterprises are listed in the New York Stock Exchange.
(2) NASDAQ Nasdaq Stock Exchange It is the largest and most traded exchange in the United States, with approximately 5,400 companies listed here, covering all high-tech industries, including software, computers, telecommunications, biotechnology, retail and wholesale trade.
(3) The AMEX American Stock Exchange, the third largest stock exchange in the United States, is the only exchange that can simultaneously trade stocks, options and derivatives, and its focus on small and medium-sized enterprises, making it the best exchange for small and mid-cap companies.
(4) NYSE ARAC New York Stock Exchange High Growth Board, mainly trading ETFs, is an internationally recognized, fully electronic stock exchange, and companies listed on the NYSE High Growth market can seamlessly transition to the main board of the New York Stock Exchange once conditions are mature.
(5) OTC over-the-counter market is a stock trading market conducted on the counters of various securities trading institutions other than stock exchanges. Completely different from the exchange market, OTC has no fixed venue, no prescribed membership, no strictly controlled rule system, no prescribed trading products and restrictions.
(6) PINK Single market, is for those who choose not to be listed on the American Stock Exchange or NASDAQ, or do not meet the listing conditions to provide trading circulation quotation services. The pink order market has been incorporated into the NASDAQ's lowest level quotation system, which is the primary quotation form of the US over-the-counter market (OTC). [18]

foreign trade

The main export commodities of the United States are: automobiles, soybeans, refined petroleum, aircraft, crude oil, integrated circuits, etc. The main imports are automobiles, crude oil, broadcasting equipment, computers, auto parts, etc.
The top five goods trading partners of the United States in 2022 will be Canada, Mexico, China, Japan and Germany. The top five markets for U.S. goods exports are Canada, Mexico, China, Japan and the United Kingdom. The top five sources of imports of goods to the United States are China, Mexico, Canada, Japan and Germany.
In 2022, US imports of goods and services will reach US $3,957.8 billion, up 16.3 percent year on year, exports will reach US $3,009.7 billion, up 17.7 percent year on year, and the trade deficit will reach US $948.1 billion, up 12.2 percent year on year. [1]
Foreign trade of the United States in recent years (unit: USD 100 million)
A given year
The year 2020
The year 2021
2022
Total imports of goods and services
28090
33876
39578
Total exports of goods and services
21273
25285
30097
deficit
6817
8591
9481
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Department of Commerce

Two-way investment

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World Investment Report 2021 In 2020, the United States will attract $156.32 billion in foreign investment and invest $92.81 billion abroad. By the end of 2020, the United States has attracted $10.8 trillion of foreign investment and invested $8.1 trillion overseas. Countries with large investment stocks in the United States are Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands and Germany. [18]

Foreign aid

The United States is the world's largest donor of foreign aid. According to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), total USAID spending in fiscal year 2021 is $15.9 billion, including $6.2 billion in humanitarian assistance, $3 billion in health assistance, $2.5 billion in economic assistance, and $1.13 billion in education and social services, mainly in Africa, the Middle East, Central and South Asia. [1] [18]

culture

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EDITOR

summarize

The cultural industry of the United States is very developed, the output value accounts for about 20% of GDP, and its overall competitiveness ranks first in the world. [9]
From the 1930s to the Second World War, the foundation and framework of cultural industry were formed in the United States. In the middle of the 20th century, the American cultural industry entered a period of rapid development. After the 1980s, with the deepening of the commercialization of culture, the United States, with its advantages in economy, technology and knowledge, began to open its eyes to other countries in the world, especially Developing country The dumping of cultural products; Into the 1990s, with Economic globalization With the continuous deepening of cultural industry barriers in various countries, and the surging tide of corporate mergers and reorganizations, a number of super transnational cultural industry groups have emerged in the United States, leading the development of the global cultural industry.

Language

Since there is no federal status Official language Some states have English as the official language, but English is the de facto official language, and there is no single official language for the entire federation. As a result of years of campaigning to make English the official language, 31 of the 50 states have passed legislation to make English the official language, and a few other states have introduced bills to do so, but they have faced considerable resistance. Three states recognize other languages as having parallel status with English: Louisiana In French, Hawaii the Hawaiian and New Mexico In Spanish.

literature

American literature has experienced more than 200 years of development from its colonial beginnings to 2013, and has become increasingly mature. As a mirror that reflects the historical trend of social development and predicts the direction of social development, American literature also reflects the unique philosophical views and values of Americans. Most of the early immigrants to the United States came to this new continent from Europe, they wanted to get rid of the old feudal tradition of Europe, and pursue freedom and democracy. These requirements are reflected in literature, and individualism has become a feature throughout the early American literature. In this sense, the development of American literature is very consistent. [10]

The American Dream

The American Dream It is the belief that a better life is possible in America through hard work and hard work, that people must prosper through their own hard work, courage, creativity, and determination, rather than relying on a particular social class or the assistance of others. Often this represents people's financial success or entrepreneurial spirit. Many European immigrants came to the United States with the idea of realizing the American Dream.
Columbian The White House , Silicon Valley , Wall Street , Take Hollywood by storm , Broadway And enjoys a reputation all over the world. [2-4] On January 13, 2020, it won the title of the most favored study destination of Hurun to Shanghaupin 2020.

Festivals

Federal holidays in the United States
holiday Chinese name
English name
date
New Year's Day
New Year's Day
January 1, the first year of the year
Martin Luther King Day
Birthday of Martin Luther King
The third Monday in January
Washington's birthday
Washington's Birthday
The third Monday in February
United States Memorial Day
Memorial Day
Last Monday in May
Independence Day
Independence Day
July 4th, 1776
International Workers' Day
Labor Day
First Monday in September
Columbus Day
Columbus Day
Second Monday in October
Veterans Day
Veterans Day
November 11, 1918
Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving Day
The fourth Thursday in November
Christmas
Christmas Day
December 25, the first year of the year

Military affairs

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EDITOR
The President of the United States holds the supreme command as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The use of offensive strategic weapons and nuclear weapons is concentrated in the hands of the president. The National Military Command system consists of the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Ministry of Defense is the presidential leadership and command of the entire military office, but also to the joint command issued by the president and the Secretary of defense orders of the military command. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is the highest military advisory body to the President and Secretary of Defense and is composed of the Chairman, Vice Chairman, Army and Air Force Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, and the Commandant of the Marine Corps. Secretary of Defense LloydAustin; Gen. CharlesBrown, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 2022, US defense spending amounted to $746 billion, or about 3% of US GDP.
Public information shows that the United States has 1.351 million active duty officers and soldiers, and 800,000 reserve forces. The United States has multilateral and bilateral military treaties with more than 50 countries and regions in the world, more than 800 overseas bases and facilities, provides military assistance to 40 countries and regions, and has military training programs with more than 90 countries and regions. In 2021, the United States will spend $801 billion on defense, or 3.5% of GDP. [1]
According to Japanese media reports, on December 22, 2023, Japan will review the "Three Principles for the transfer of defense equipment" and its application guidelines, and will decide to export Japanese-made Patriot air defense missiles to the United States first. [29]

traffic

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EDITOR

highroad

The highway and highway system in the United States covers the whole country, with a total length of more than 660,000 kilometers in 2020, and more than 95,000 kilometers of expressways, accounting for about 15%. The United States has roads in all directions and is called a "country on wheels." The United States is connected by road to Canada and Mexico, which share land borders. [18]

railway

By 2020, the U.S. rail network will have more than 250,000 kilometers of lines in operation, making it the largest in the world. Freight lines account for about 80% of the total length of the U.S. rail network, while the total length of the passenger network is about 35,000 kilometers. The freight rail network in the United States consists of 538 railroads (7 Class I, 21 regional, and 510 local). The national passenger rail network consists of more than 30 routes connecting 500 destinations in 46 states. The United States plans to build a 27,000 km national high-speed rail system in four phases by 2030. [18]

Air freight

Civil aviation is very developed in the United States. The country has 15,000 airports, ranking first in the world. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, about 368 million passengers will travel by air in the United States in 2020, the lowest level since 1984. In 2020, due to the US entry restriction order and the epidemic, the number of flights between China and the US dropped sharply, and then gradually recovered. As of May 2021, 12 routes are still maintained, mainly from Shanghai to New York, Guangzhou to Los Angeles, Shanghai to Los Angeles, and New York to Hong Kong. [18]

Water transport

The United States has 926 ports. Geographically, the major ports on the Atlantic coast are New York, Baltimore, Boston, Port Norver, Philadelphia, and Portland. Important ports in the Great Lakes Region include Chicago, Detroit, Duluth and Superior, and Toledo. Important ports on the Gulf of Mexico include New Orleans, Houston, and Badon Rock. The major ports on the Pacific coast are Long Beach, Los Angeles, Portland, and Seattle. According to the global container throughput ranking in 2020, the Port of Los Angeles port throughput of 9.21 million TEUs, ranking 17th; Port of Long Beach 8.11 million TEUs, ranked 19th; New York Port 7.59 million TEUs, ranked 20th. [18]

society

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EDITOR

Science and technology

At the beginning of the 19th century, the United States was one of the most influential countries in scientific and technological research, as well as in technological product innovation. The U.S. government has long viewed spending on science and technology as an investment in the nation's future, and has guided science and technology policy accordingly. U.S. science and technology policy has always focused on defense research, mainly to maintain military superiority, and basic research, which is based on the consideration that basic research is the foundation of long-term national development.
Many of the most important inventions in human industrial history, including the cotton gin, general purpose parts, production lines, etc., originated in the United States, and industrial production lines were especially important, which made industrial mass production from a dream to a reality. Other important inventions include the airplane, the light bulb, and the telephone.
America planned it in the 20th century Manhattan atomic bomb Project , Apollo moon program and Human genome project . in World War II It was first developed in the United States Atomic bomb To bring human technology into the new era of the atomic age. After the beginning of the Cold War, the United States achieved success in the field of space science and technology and led the space race, which led to major advances in rocket technology, weapons research, materials science and computers, etc. The United States contributed greatly to the history of the development of computers and networks, including the invention of computers in World War II, the early militarization of applications, and the development and innovation of personal computers. United States Department of Defense ARPA Net is the forerunner of network technology.
In terms of scientific research, American scholars have won a great deal Nobel Prize Especially in the fields of biology and medicine. The National Center for Health Research is the focal point for biomedicine in the United States and has been accomplished Human genome project To make humans more sensitive to cancer, Alzheimer's disease Research into the cure of such diseases has entered an important stage. The government agency for aviation and space research is The National Aeronautics and Space Administration . Boeing Company and Lockheed Martin The private sector also plays an important role. National Academy of Sciences , National Academy of Engineering , National Academy of Medicine And the National Nature Foundation, are the four highest level academic institutions in the United States scientific community. In addition to the WWF, the other three institutes conferred academician titles respectively.

education

Primary and secondary education is mainly administered by state boards of education and local governments. Schools are public and private. Ten years of education is compulsory in most states. The school system varies from state to state, with most having six years of primary school, three years of middle school, and three years of high school. Higher education has two-year junior colleges and technical colleges, four-year undergraduate universities and two to four years of graduate school.
Famous institutions of higher learning are: Harvard University , Princeton University , Yale University , University of Pennsylvania , Duke University , Stanford University , California Institute of Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Columbia University , Dartmouth College , Washington University in St. Louis , Northwestern University , Cornell University , Johns Hopkins University , Brown University , University of Chicago , Rice University and University of California, Berkeley Let's wait. [1]

hygiene

After 100 years of evolution, the United States has formed a health care system based on health insurance, which has three main pillars: First, employed employees buy health insurance through their employers; MEDICARE, also known as Medicare, is the federal government's health insurance program for people over 65 and the disabled. The third is MEDICAID, a joint venture between the federal and state governments that provides the poorest Americans with health insurance for the poor. [18]

Physical education

Sports in the United States is an important part of national culture. Americans enjoy some sports that are particularly popular in the United States, such as playing with American football , baseball , basketball and Ice hockey Soccer is a relatively unknown sport in the United States, but it is also considered the most promising sport in the United States as more and more teenagers take up the world's most popular sport. Virtues such as community spirit, fairness, discipline, and durability embodied in sports are highly prized in American society.
美国的NBA 美国的NBA 美国的NBA 美国的NBA 美国的NBA 美国的NBA 美国的NBA
NBA in the United States
On June 13, 2018, FIFA (International Football Association) It was officially announced at the congress that the United States, Canada and Mexico (a joint bid) had beaten Morocco to host the 2026 World Cup. [11-13] The 2026 FIFA World Cup It will be jointly hosted by the United States, Mexico and Canada, with 11 host cities in the United States [17] .

medium

The American newspaper system is huge. As of March 2023, the top 10 daily newspapers are: The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New York Post, USA Today, the Los Angeles Times, the Star Tribune, Newsday, the Chicago Tribune, and the Tampa Bay Times.
Associated Press It was founded in Chicago in 1846, became an associate in 1893, and moved its headquarters to New York in 1990. Partners include more than 1,700 newspapers and more than 5,000 television and radio stations; There are 263 news bureaus worldwide with offices in 121 countries. United Press International It is the second largest news agency in the United States, formed in 1958 by the merger of the former United Press and the International Press Service, and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. There are more than 80 branches abroad and a worldwide picture network.
The United States has a well-developed broadcast and cable television system. The two largest external broadcasters are Voice of America And ABC, both official. The largest national radio networks in the United States are National broadcasting Corporation (NBC), CBS (CBS), American broadcasting company (ABC), CNN (CNN) And Focus (FOX) et al. [1]

People's livelihood

The median annual household income in the United States in 2022 is $74,580, down 2.3 percent from 2021. In 2022, personal savings as a percentage of disposable income in the United States fell sharply to 3.31 percent. There is a large gap between the rich and the poor in the United States, and the Gini coefficient, which reflects the gap in household income distribution, is 0.47 in 2022, exceeding the alarm level.
Social welfare in the United States is divided into social insurance and non-social insurance. Social insurance benefits include: old age insurance, unemployment insurance and other employment insurance; Non-social Security benefits include: Assistance to families with child care difficulties, Social Security income, food stamps, Medicaid, housing assistance, and energy assistance. The health care system in the United States is mainly made up of two parts: Medicare and Medicaid. In recent years, the United States medical expenses have been rising, and the government's finances have been unable to meet its expenses. During the Obama administration, the United States will pass a health care reform bill in March 2010 with "universal coverage" and "low cost" as the core. In his first week in office, Biden signed an executive order restoring the Affordable Care Act and expanding health insurance coverage.

diplomacy

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EDITOR

External relations

The Biden administration will adjust foreign policy after taking office in January 2021. The Interim National Security Strategy Guidelines were issued to revitalize the U.S. system of global Allies and partners, lead and maintain a stable and open international system, and put the American people, especially working families, at the center of the national security strategy. President Biden attended the special video conference of the Munich Security Conference, the EU Summit, went to Europe to attend the G7 summit, the NATO Summit, the US-EU summit, the US-Russia Summit, and held the Leaders' Democracy Summit. We will establish a trilateral security partnership between the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, and host the first offline summit of the leaders of the Trilateral Mechanism between the United States, Japan, India and Australia and the first meeting of the US-EU Trade and Technology Council. Unilaterally decided to withdraw unconditional and complete troops from Afghanistan by September 11, with the withdrawal of NATO forces at the same time. Completion of the DPRK policy review. Return to the Paris Agreement on climate change and host the Leaders' Climate Summit and Major Economies' Forum on Energy and Climate. Ending his withdrawal from the World Health Organization and returning to the UN Human Rights Council as an observer. Join the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) and the COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation Initiative (COVAX) to host a global video summit on COVID-19. We will step up efforts to promote the Indo-Pacific Strategy and launch the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. A five-year extension of the New START treaty between the United States and Russia. Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States has strongly condemned Russia's actions, imposed multiple rounds of sanctions on Russia together with its Allies and partners, and provided military and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine. [1]
On July 11, 2023, according to the CCTV news client, UNESCO issued an announcement on the 11th local time, saying that the United States accepted the Organization Law of UNESCO on the 10th and officially resumed its membership UNESCO Member states. [21]

Sino-american relations

On December 16, 1978, China and the United States issued a document entitled Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America The United States "recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China" and the United States government "recognizes China's position that there is only one China and that Taiwan is a part of China." On January 1, 1979, China and the United States officially established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.
February 1972 - President of the United States Nixon At the invitation of Premier Zhou Enlai of The State Council, he visited China and reopened the door of China-Us exchanges. During Nixon's visit to China, China and the United States issued a communique in Shanghai on February 28, 1972. U.s.-china joint communique (" Shanghai Communique "). "The United States recognizes that all Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait believe that there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China." The United States Government does not dispute this position." In December 1975, US President Gerald Ford was invited to visit China. On January 1, 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level, and the United States announced the severance of the so-called "diplomatic relations" with Taiwan, and withdrew its troops from Taiwan within the year, terminating the mutual defense Treaty between the United States and Taiwan (that is, "severing diplomatic relations, abolishing treaties, and withdrawing troops"). On August 17, 1982, the governments of China and the United States issued the August 17 Communique. It is prepared to gradually reduce its arms sales to Taiwan, leading over a period of time to a final settlement." The three joint communiques between China and the United States, namely the Shanghai Communique, the Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and the United States, and the August 17 Communique, have become guiding documents for the development of China-Us relations.
2022年3月18日，国家主席习近平应约同美国总统 Biden Video call. President Biden said that 50 years ago, the United States and China made an important choice and issued the Shanghai Communique. Today, 50 years later, US-China relations are once again at a critical juncture, and how US-China relations develop will shape the world pattern in the 21st century. I would like to reiterate that the United States does not seek a "new Cold War" with China, does not seek to change the Chinese system, does not seek to strengthen its alliance against China, does not support "Taiwan independence", and has no intention of conflict with China. The US side is willing to engage in candid dialogue with China, strengthen cooperation, adhere to the One-China policy, effectively manage competition and differences, and promote the steady development of US-China relations.
In 2018, China-Us economic and trade issues have become prominent. The US has adopted successive unilateral trade protectionist measures such as Section 201, Section 232 and Section 301 against China, imposed multiple rounds of additional tariffs on Chinese exports to the US, labelled China a so-called "currency manipulator", and used state power to suppress Huawei, ZTE and other Chinese companies. China has no choice but to take strong countermeasures and resolutely defend the interests of the country and the people. At the same time, China has always been committed to properly resolving China-Us economic and trade issues through dialogue and consultation on the basis of equality and mutual respect. After 13 rounds of high-level economic and trade consultations, on December 13, 2019, the two sides announced that they had reached agreement on the text of the Phase I economic and trade agreement. On January 15, 2020, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of The State Council and Chinese leader of the China-Us Comprehensive Economic Dialogue Liu He The first phase of the China-Us trade agreement was signed in Washington with US President Donald Trump.
Affected by the economic and trade frictions between the two countries, bilateral trade in goods declined in 2019, with the bilateral trade volume of 541.22 billion US dollars, down 14.6 percent year on year, and China's surplus of 295.8 billion US dollars, down 8.5 percent year on year. According to China's Ministry of Commerce, by the end of 2019, there had been 71,914 US investment projects in China, with an actual input value of 87.88 billion US dollars. Chinese companies have made US $3.33 billion in non-financial direct investment in the US, and two-way investment between China and the US has reached nearly US $250 billion.
In 2020, bilateral trade in goods reached 586.72 billion U.S. dollars, up 8.3% year on year, and China's surplus reached 316.9 billion U.S. dollars, up 7.1% year on year. By the end of 2020, Chinese companies had made a total direct investment of 83.88 billion US dollars in the US, and the US had invested 73,556 projects in China, with a total actual input of 90.11 billion US dollars.
In 2021, bilateral trade in goods will reach 755.645 billion U.S. dollars, up 28.7 percent year on year. Among them, China's exports to the US reached 576.114 billion US dollars, up by 27.5%; China's imports from the US reached 179.531 billion US dollars, an increase of 32.7%.
In 2022, bilateral trade in goods between China and the United States was 759.427 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 0.6% over 2021. Among them, China's exports to the US reached 581.783 billion US dollars, up by 1.2%; China's imports from the US amounted to 177.644 billion US dollars, down 1.1%. [19]

Relations with Niger

On March 16, 2024, Niger's National Committee for the Defense of the Fatherland announced that it had formally abolished the country's military cooperation agreement with the United States. [32]

travel

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Tourism is an important part of the U.S. economy. In 2011, the U.S. tourism industry was worth $1.2 trillion and supported 7.6 million jobs, with international visitors spending a record $153 billion on travel and related industries. The Commerce Department forecasts that the U.S. tourism industry will grow at an average annual rate of 4 to 5 percent over the next five years, with 65.4 million international visitors coming to the U.S. in 2012. In January 2012, President Obama signed an executive order to promote the development of tourism, and directed the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior to lead the formation of a working group to develop a strategic plan for promoting tourism. The US State Department has announced that it will simplify visa processing for some visa applicants to the United States, and provide exemptions for eligible first-time applicants Sign in person The treatment.
travel
Scenic spot
introduce
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The White House
To the north is Lafayette Square, to the south is Lip Park, with the towering Washington Monument Looking at each other, is a white two-story building. The White House In the past, it was not white, nor was it called the White House, but it was called the "President's Mansion" and "the President's Palace". It was a gray sandstone building when it was built in 1792.
Since 1800, it has been the residence of the President of the United States during his term of office and with his family. But in the Second War between the United States and Britain in 1812, British troops invaded Washington. On August 24, 1814, the British burned down the building, leaving only an empty shelf. When it was restored in 1817 to cover up the fire, James Monroe The president ordered a coat of white paint over the gray sand. The mansion has been called the White House ever since. In 1901, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt officially named it the "White House", which later became synonymous with the United States government.
Capitol Hill (Washington)
Capitol Hill (Washington) It is also commonly known as the Capitol building, which refers to the Capitol building that serves as the office of the United States Congress. It sits at the top of Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., at the east end of State Street. Although it is not geographically located in the center of Washington, D.C., it is the center of attention because of its special status. In 1793, Washington personally laid the foundation for the building, after the outbreak of the Civil War, some people proposed to stop the building, but President Lincoln insisted that the 280 feet high dome be built. The dome of the Capitol has become the best backdrop for television coverage of American political news, and inside the dome is a splendid hall that can seat two or three thousand people.
Natural History Museum
American Museum of Natural History Located in the USA New York Manhattan District, and Metropolitan Museum of Art It covers an area of 7 hectares. synthesis Roman style with Renaissance architecture The style is the architectural style of the museum, which was completed in 1869.
Mount Rushmore
Mount Rushmore , full name Mount Rushmore National Memorial Park The United States President's Park is located in South Dakota Keystone Nearby the United States Presidential Memorial Park. There are four 60-foot-tall portraits of former U.S. presidents in the park George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln These four presidents are considered to represent 150 years of American history. The park covers an area of 1,278 acres, and the highest point is 5,725 feet above sea level. The park is managed by the National Park Service, a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior. [14]

World heritage site

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The United States' rich natural resources and diverse ethnic cultures make it an attractive country to visit. The west of the United States has a famous Grand Canyon National Park and Yellowstone National Park ; On the west coast of the Pacific Ocean lies the beautiful, sunny state of California, where San Francisco and Los Angeles are located. In the north, near the Canadian border, there is the famous Great Lakes tourist area, one of the most spectacular attractions is Niagara Falls . In addition, located in the Pacific Ocean west of the United States Hawaiian Islands It is also a world-famous holiday destination. There's something for the adventurous Grand Canyon . The United States has 21 World Cultural and natural Heritage (Two of which are shared with Canada), including eight World cultural heritage 12 items World natural Heritage , 1 double legacy.

Honor received

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In December 2023, the Twenty-eighth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was awarded the "Fossil Award". [27]
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