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Calvinism
Christian theology
Calvinist theology of Protestant Christianity. During the Reformation in the 16th century
Galvin
Advocate, hence the name. In his book
Principles of Christianity
As a theological basis. Some propositions continue
Lutheran
Theologies, some of them original.
[2]
- Chinese name
- Calvinism
- Foreign name
- Calvinism
- presenter
- Galvin
- Church name
- Calvinist
- order
- Total incompetence, unconditional choice, etc
- Core creed
- Inability to save oneself, choose sinners, etc
- Formative period
- 16th century
The main contents are:
Bible
Is the only rule of faith; After the fall and crime of the first ancestor Adam, human nature was completely corrupted, so human beings could not save themselves by themselves. Who will get
Redemption
Who will ultimately perish has long been "predestined" by God. Those who believe that those who will eventually be saved are "pre-chosen" by God; The justification of men can only be achieved through faith in God and Christ; On account of
Original sin
No matter how good or bad a person's behavior is, it cannot be improved by itself, so "justification" is all given by God's grace from outside, and has nothing to do with his inner spiritual function. It is also believed that once a man has received God's grace, he will never lose it. Affirming the authority of the Bible and asserting that the state should be assimilated into the church, the church should implement it
Presbyterianism
, rather than
episcopalism
. It is believed that the blood of Christ is not really in the Eucharist, but that the sacrament is not merely a symbol, but evidence of God's grace in the form of an appearance.
[2]
Calvinism has different meanings in different discussions, and in the conventions of modern theological discourse, Calvinism means"
Predestination theory of salvation
follow
Salvation is spoken alone
".
[1]
Galvin
The conversion focuses on preaching the doctrine, and the ceremonies are in the local language, with greater emphasis on the singing of hymns. The main tribes are the Presbyterian Church (popular in Scotland), the Congregational Church (popular in Britain and the Americas) and so on.
Pictures of Calvinism
(1) Total incapacity
Five points of Calvinism
(2) Unconditional choice
God's election of sinners is Unconditional, not because of moral or moral merit, nor because of his confidence that he foresaw what would happen to them.
(3) Limited redemption
(Limited atonement) Christ's nail
cross
Only for the pre-chosen, not for all the people of the world.
(4) Irresistible grace
Irresistible grace: It is impossible for human beings to refuse God's salvation, and it is impossible for God's saving grace to be thwarted or rejected by man.
The saints are kept
(Perseverance of the saints) The salvation that has been received will not be lost again, and God will keep his elect.
(6) The church shall be governed by presbyterians
The church is governed by elders. Elders are governed by
Believer of a religion
Directly elected, pastors appointed by elders. The church established by Calvin is therefore called "Presbyterian," "Presbyterian," or "Presbyterian."
oppose
Catholicism
The Eucharist's "doctrine of qualitative change" is also opposed to Luther's "doctrine of homogeneity", advocated
adherent
Through faith one can receive the spiritual but invisible physical Communion.
The state belongs to and serves the church.
1. Because of Adam's fall, all mankind could not, on its own, give out the saving faith to believe the Gospel. (2) Sinners are dead, blind, and deaf to the things of God; His heart is full of vanity, and he is absolutely corrupt. 3, The sinner's will is not free, but is bound by evil nature. It does not and cannot choose good over evil spiritually. (4) Sinners must have the help of the Holy Spirit to come to Christ; It is the Holy Spirit that first regenerates sinners before they can be revived. It was the Holy Spirit Himself who first gave sinners a new nature. (5) Faith is not its own contribution to salvation, but a part of God's salvation; It is God's gift to sinners, not sinners' gift to God.
1. God's selection of certain people for salvation before the creation of the world was entirely due to God's own supreme will. 2. God chooses certain sinners in particular, not on the basis that He foresees a sinner's response or obedience, such as faith, repentance, etc. Instead, God gives faith or repentance to those whom God has chosen. 3. Faith and repentance are the result of God's election, not the cause. Election is not determined by God's foreknowledge of man's virtue or good deeds; Character or good works are not a condition of election. (4) God chooses men according to His supreme sovereignty, and by the power of the Holy Spirit causes sinners to accept Christ wholeheartedly.
(1) Christ's redemptive work was to save the chosen, and to have actually obtained salvation for them. 2. Christ's death was the punishment of taking the place of certain specially chosen sinners. 3. The redemption of Christ is not only the removal of the SINS of God's people, but also the acquisition of total salvation for God's people, including those beliefs that unite God's people with Christ. 4. The gift of faith has been securely given by the Holy Spirit to those for whom Christ died. 5. Make sure that their salvation lasts forever.
Pictures of Calvinism
(1) The Holy Spirit not only gives an outward call to those who have heard the Gospel, but also a special call within to those who have been chosen, and by this special call they will finally be saved. (2) The external call is to everyone, without distinction, can be rejected, and is often rejected; But the inner call, which is to the elect, cannot be rejected, and will lead them to repentance. 3. By this special and irresistible call, the Holy Spirit draws sinners to Christ. When the Holy Spirit brings salvation to man, the Holy Spirit is not limited by the will of man; The effectiveness of the work of the Holy Spirit does not depend on the cooperation of men. 4. The Holy Spirit is special
oblige
Help the chosen sinners and make them cooperate, believe, repent, and sincerely wish to come to Christ. 5. Of God
grace
It is irresistible; Those who receive the grace of God will find salvation as a result, and it will never fail.
1. Vanemon
Election of God
Those who are redeemed by Christ and given faith by the Holy Spirit are saved forever. Because they are protected by the power of Almighty God, their salvation will never be lost. 2. Salvation is achieved through the sovereign power of the Almighty Triune God. (3) The Father chose a people for whom the Son died, and the Holy Spirit worked the death of Christ on them, and convinced them of repentance, and thus made them heartily willing to submit to the Gospel. 4. The whole process of salvation (
select
→ Rebirth → Redemption) are all God's works and are entirely by God's grace. 5. In conclusion, it is God, not man, who decides who will receive the gift of salvation.
(1) Worldwide phenomenon
Pictures of Calvinism
This shows that the popularity of Calvinism had become a worldwide phenomenon at that time. Calvinism not only became the foundational doctrine of the so-called Reformed churches, but also powerfully influenced Western thought and life, contributing to the development of natural theology, establishing Christian politics and the state, providing the basis for modern constitutionalist thought, and promoting growth
Christian literature
And works of art, etc., thereby creating a specific Christian culture of social life
form
.
(2) Faith life
Calvinists, like most other early newcomers
denomination
That way, emphasis"
justification
Doctrine, which deals with the conditions of salvation. Saved people are justified by God's grace, and they are declared righteous or acceptable to God. Salvation or justification cannot be achieved through good works; Everyone must live by faith alone. The justified person expresses his faith (faith) through external strict moral and righteous behavior and good works. For Calvinists, being able to live by faith is probably evidence that one has been saved from sin and counted among the "chosen ones."
In Calvinism, the Bible becomes the supreme authority on faith and life. Calvinists say
The Bible
There are only two sacraments - baptism and Holy Communion. Calvin's idea of church governance-the election of elders by the church to govern the affairs of the church-originated in the Bible and was adopted by Presbyterians and Reformed churches. This representative form of church governance has had an important impact on the development of modern democracy.
(3) Covenant of conduct
In the 17th century, some Dutch theologians and English Puritans put"
Covenant theology
"To join Calvinism. A covenant is a contractual relationship between a Christian and God. The sacraments are used as the seals of covenants. There are two covenants God made with man - the "covenant of works" with Adam; Through Jesus Christ's "Covenant of grace" with the elect. Covenant theology, a central doctrine of English and American Puritanism, weakened the doctrine of redemptive predestination by acknowledging human cooperation in the process of salvation.
In the early 20th century, there were only a few
Protestantism
The Church maintained the strict Calvinism of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Most of the so-called Calvinist churches greatly modified or rejected doctrines such as election, predestination, and irresistible grace.
(1) Religious Reform
Calvin's Reformation was top-down. A return to pure doctrine, a rigorous system of administration, and strict administration allowed the French Reformation to avoid the chaos of the German Lutheran Reformation. From then on, evangelists spread throughout Europe.
During the religious chaos of the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe, demonic legends and various forms of witchcraft became popular. The original role of witches was mainly as healers of various diseases, but in the late Middle Ages, because witchcraft also tried to provide answers to the religious concerns of the era in its own way, these "heresies" were naturally seen as evidence of a relationship with the devil, so wizards became representatives of the new sect of the devil against religion. Fanatical churches and people imagined all kinds of evils for witches, including horrible sacrificial rituals, infanticide, evil, association with poisonous beasts, possession or fornication with demons, and so on.
Among them, especially the so-called
Witch
Often feared and hunted, they are portrayed as
Satan
The lover, evil and adulterous. Especially in areas with a strong Catholic presence, finding, reporting, and hunting down witches became a taboo
Fellow villager
To the important activities of the army, once a person is accused of being a witch, only the cruelest punishment awaits her. Witch scares continued until the end of the 17th century, when thousands of ignorant village women were burned or hanged.
(2) Catechism
To the people of the sixteenth century, diseases of the soul (as I have tried to show you) were more terrible than diseases of the body. So they organized a rigorous system to prevent mental illness. As soon as children are old enough to read, they are taught the principles of true faith (and "the only true"). It turns out that this practice indirectly promotes the general progress of Europeans, which is a good thing. Schools, large and small, soon spread throughout Protestant countries. Although these schools devote much of their valuable time to repeated explanations of the Catechism, they also teach other things besides theology. They encouraged people to read books, and they also helped the printing industry flourish.
(1) Circulation area
Calvinism emerged in the 16th century during the Reformation. The basic doctrine of conversion is basically similar to Lutheranism, which also recognizes that people are justified by grace through faith in Christ, and the main feature of conversion is the election of elders to supervise the administration of the church by
priest
The church was governed collectively by non-ordained elders, who believed that no one had unlimited power, and that church members could participate in political activities to bring the secular world closer to God's will. So in countries where the reformed are in power, the average believer values the economy, democratic institutions, and public education more, but the majority dictatorship is also more severe.
The conversion focuses on preaching the doctrine, and the ceremonies are in the local language, with greater emphasis on the singing of hymns. The main tribes are
Presbytery
(Popular in Scotland), Congregational (popular in the United Kingdom and the Americas), etc.
The main circulation area of the authenticity is
Switzerland
, Netherlands,
Scotland
, France,
S.Africa
,
Southwest Germany
,
Belgium
Australia, as well as several parts of the United States and Canada.
2. In China
The mainstream of the Chinese church is
Arminianism
Fewer people fully accept the doctrine of limited redemption, and because of the Chinese Reformed faith in words and deeds
indiscretion
The vast majority of Chinese Christians are hostile to Calvinism. With the infiltration of Chinese Reformed theologians in various churches, the future development of Calvinism in the Chinese church is still unknown.
