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The historical center of Tallinn
World cultural heritage
Tallinn is located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, the capital of Estonia, and the city is built around Toompea. Tallinn was founded in the 10th century and historically served as a commercial port.
The Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn, 1997
Cultural heritage
Selection criteria C (II) (IV) are included in the World Heritage List.
- Chinese name
- The historical center of Tallinn
- Foreign name
- The Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn
- Approval time
- The year 1997
- Home country
- Estonia
Name of the estate:
Tallinn Historical Center (Old Town)
Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn
Selected in 1997
Selection basis: Cultural Heritage (ii)(iv)
Location: N59 26 13 E24 44 20
Heritage area:
113 ha
Estate number: 822
Geographical location map of Tallinn
In 1997, according to criteria (ii)(iv) for the selection of cultural heritage, the Historical Center of Tallinn (Old Town) was designated
UNESCO World Heritage Committee
Approved for listing as a cultural heritage in the"
World Heritage List
".
Selection based on criteria (ii):
The historic centre of Tallinn, one of the most remote and powerful outposts of the Hanseatic League colonization of northeastern Europe in the 13th-16th centuries, offers a melting pot of cultural exchange where,
Cistercian Order
Brother,
Dominican order
Monks, Germanic orders and
Hanseatic League
The formation of traditional exchanges produced international secularity
Christian church
Culture and spread throughout Northern Europe.
Selection based on criteria (iv) :
The town plan and its architecture fully reflect the dominance of the feudal lords and co-existence with the Hanseatic trading centers under the umbrella of a common system of walls and fortifications.
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Tallinn's origins date back to the 13th century, when crusader knights of the Teutonic Order built a castle here, which later developed into a major center of the Hanseatic League. In the centuries that followed, it was hit by wars, but many of its buildings remained relatively intact, and the luxury of the public buildings (especially the churches) and the elaborate interiors of the shops reflect its prosperity and wealth.
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Tallinn, in the northwest of Esaria
Baltic Sea
Gulf of Finland
Between the Gulf of Riga and Copley Bay on the south coast, the coastline stretches for 45 kilometers, historically connecting Central and Eastern Europe with southern and Northern Europe, known as the "crossroads of Europe". In the 10th century, Finno-Uger inhabitants built a fortress on the chalk plateau of Tumpiya, from which Tallinn came. Later, a trade zone and a port were established at the foot of the mountain to serve the Nordic maritime trade. In 1219, the Danes, under Valdemar, conquered the area and fortified it with military facilities and built the first church.
In 1226-1227 it became a papal domain and Tallinn was ceded to the Shode Brothers (Knights of the Crusader Order) who divided the colony into two parts: the Castrum and suburbum. Following the Order of the Knights, religious orders such as the Dominican Order and Cistercian friars were established in Tallinn.
After forming an alliance with Lubik in 1248, Tallinn became a member of the Hanseatic League and has since become the main commercial center of the region, its participation in trade guilds reflected in its urban architecture. From 1310 onwards, Tallinn began large-scale construction of huge military projects around feudal fiefs and small commercial streets.
When Visby, the commercial center of Gotland, lost its metropolitan status in the 14th century, the region's economy was replaced by Tallinn and Riga. Even when the trade guilds began to decline in the 15th century, Tallinn managed to maintain its commercial role and continued to develop and improve.
When Sweden annexed Tallinn in 1561, the defenses of the Tumpiah Mountain were expanded and strengthened. After the defeat to the Russians in 1710, Tallinn went through a period of economic depression, but managed to retain its position as the administrative center of the province. While the German population in the city declined, the Russian population increased.
After a brief period of independence from 1918 to 1940, Tallinn came under German rule during World War II and was bombed in 1944 with heavy losses. Tallinn was rebuilt after World War II.
Today Tallinn is connected by rail to Moscow, St. Petersburg and Riga. Industrial machinery manufacturing (electric motors, excavators, industrial equipment, radio measuring instruments, etc.), fertilizer, textile, as well as paper, building materials, fish processing and other food industries. There are several Estonian Academy of Sciences and universities. To facilitate the implementation of regional governance, Tallinn is divided into eight administrative regions, each with its own regional government. These districts are established by the municipality to administer their respective districts in accordance with the functions assigned to them by the Constitution and the legislature of Tallinn. Each district government has a "senator" who is nominated by the mayor on the advice of the Executive Council and appointed by the city government. The role of the Executive Council is to advise the City Government and the committees of the City Council on how to govern the district.
One of the best preserved medieval cities in Northern Europe, Tallinn is a unique example of a feudal fortress that coexisted with the Hanseatic trade zone, and they were jointly protected by a defensive system. Surrounded by water on three sides, Tallinn is the only city in Northern Europe that retains its medieval look and style. The city is divided into two parts: the old town and the new town. In the middle of the 13th century, the old town of Tallinn was divided into the upper town and the lower town, the upper town was the gathering of the upper society, the religious class and the feudal power, and the famous castle Tombiah was located in the upper town. The lower town was the residence of merchants and craftsmen, and here there is the Square of La Koya, which stands on the square an octahedral tower, the city Hall, at the top of which stands the statue of the patron saint of old Thomas, which is the symbol of Tallinn City.
The old town preserves many famous historical sites, including castles, churches and other ancient buildings from the 13th to the 15th century, among which the Orevist Cathedral is the highest church on the Baltic coast; There are also ancient walls, towers and castles built in the Middle Ages, which are still standing today. St. Olaf's Church of Tallinn is a church in Tallinn, Estonia. Founded in the 12th century, it was the center of the Scandinavian community of Old Tallinn before the Danish conquest of Tallinn in 1219, and its patron saint was Olaf II. The first written record is in 1267, and extensive alterations were made in the 14th century. Legend has it that the man who built the church, named Olaf, fell to his death from the top of the tower. Snakes and toads are said to have crawled out of his mouth when his body hit the ground, and in the nearby chapel of Our Lady, there are wall carvings depicting the event. Around 1500, the building rose to 159 meters. The reason for building such a high minaret was to serve as a landmark for the sea, where the commercial city could be seen from the sea far away from Tallinn. After several alterations, it was the tallest building in the world between 1549 and 1625, undergoing several fires and reconstruction, and the total height of the building is now 123 meters. The spire of St. Olaf's church has been struck by lightning at least eight times, and the entire church has burned down three times. During the Soviet occupation, from 1944 until 1991, the Soviet KGB used the spire of St. Olaf's Church as a radio tower and surveillance point. The site is currently active
Baptists
(
Protestantism
One of the sects. Because they oppose infant baptism, they advocate baptism only for believers who understand the meaning of baptism, and baptism is done by immersing the whole body in water, without water on the forehead.
The heart of the new town is the Velu Square, from which a main street leads to the old Town. The square is home to one of the largest hotels in Tallinn, the Velu Hotel. The square is surrounded by modern radial roads that lead to other cities in Estonia. There are many parks in the new town. At the confluence of the waterfront avenues, there is the Kadriorg Park (also called Yekaterinburg Park), which was established on the order of Peter the Great. There is a 16-meter-high bronze angel statue in the park, which was created by Estonian sculptor Adamu in 1902, and it is said that it was built to mourn the Russian warship "Mermaid" that ran aground and sank in 1893. Near the park is the open-air singing Arena, built in 1960, one of Europe's outstanding music arenas, with a unique shape: the stage is parabolic, facing away from the sea, can hold 30,000 people, and the audience is set on a natural semicircular platform facing the sea, which can hold 150,000 listeners.
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To the west of the Chalk plateau is the ancient castle, whose defences were destroyed in the fire of 1648 and then rebuilt. Its massive turrets add a special silhouette to the horizon. Inside the walls is the cathedral, which has retained its Gothic style despite constant alterations. The city architecture of Lower Tallinn, with its narrow winding medieval streets, churches and monasteries, is particularly worthy of preservation. Also worth preserving are several early medieval buildings such as the town hall (14th century) and many private houses, whose original building materials such as unshielded beams are still well preserved. Tallinn also has a considerable number of guilds, which indicate the flourishing of medieval commercial guilds, with the Great Town Hall (1410) to the north
Gothic architecture
The most gorgeous model.
Tallinn is one of the best preserved medieval cities in Northern Europe. It is a unique example of a feudal fortress that coexisted with the Hanseatic trade zone, and they were jointly protected by a system of defenses.
Tallinn retains the most remarkable features that indicate its political and economic history, and it is a noteworthy and quite complete example of a medieval commercial city in Northern Europe.
